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Zhao T, Jiang T, Li X, Chang S, Sun Q, Kong F, Kong X, Wei F, He J, Hao J, Xie K. Nuclear GRP78 Promotes Metabolic Reprogramming and Therapeutic Resistance in Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma. Clin Cancer Res 2023; 29:5183-5195. [PMID: 37819952 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-23-1143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2023] [Revised: 08/04/2023] [Accepted: 10/06/2023] [Indexed: 10/13/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Stromal fibrosis limits nutritional supply and disarrays metabolism in pancreatic cancer (PDA, pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma). Understanding of the molecular basis underlying metabolic cues would improve PDA management. The current study determined the interaction between glucose-regulated proteins 78 (GRP78) and hypoxia-inducible factor 1α (HIF-1α) and its mechanistic roles underlying PDA response to oxygen and glucose restrains. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN Gene expression and its association with clinicopathologic characteristics of patients with PDA and mouse models were analyzed using IHC. Protein expression and their regulation were measured by Western blot and immunoprecipitation analyses. Protein interactions were determined using gain- and loss-of-function assays and molecular methods, including chromatin immunoprecipitation, co-immunoprecipitation, and dual luciferase reporter. RESULTS There was concomitant overexpression of both GRP78 and HIF-1α in human and mouse PDA tissues and cells. Glucose deprivation increased the expression of GRP78 and HIF-1α, particularly colocalization in nucleus. Induction of HIF-1α expression by glucose deprivation in PDA cells depended on the expression of and its own interaction with GRP78. Mechanistically, increased expression of both HIF-1α and LDHA under glucose deprivation was caused by the direct binding of GRP78 and HIF-1α protein complexes to the promoters of HIF-1α and LDHA genes and transactivation of their transcriptional activity. CONCLUSIONS Protein complex of GRP78 and HIF-1α directly binds to HIF-1α own promoter and LDHA promoter, enhances the transcription of both HIF-1α and LDHA, whereas glucose deprivation increases GRP78 expression and further enhances HIF-1α and LDHA transcription. Therefore, crosstalk and integration of hypoxia- and hypoglycemia-responsive signaling critically impact PDA metabolic reprogramming and therapeutic resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tiansuo Zhao
- Department of Pancreatic Cancer, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Digestive Cancer, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin, China
| | - Tingting Jiang
- Center for Pancreatic Cancer Research, The South China University of Technology School of Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiaojia Li
- Center for Pancreatic Cancer Research, The South China University of Technology School of Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shaofei Chang
- Department of Pancreatic Cancer, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Digestive Cancer, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin, China
| | - Qihui Sun
- Center for Pancreatic Cancer Research, The South China University of Technology School of Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Fanyang Kong
- Department of Gastroenterology, Changhai Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiangyu Kong
- Department of Gastroenterology, Changhai Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Fang Wei
- Institute of Digestive Diseases, Guangzhou First People's Hospital and The Second Affiliated Hospital, The South China University of Technology School of Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jie He
- Institute of Digestive Diseases, Guangzhou First People's Hospital and The Second Affiliated Hospital, The South China University of Technology School of Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jihui Hao
- Department of Pancreatic Cancer, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Digestive Cancer, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin, China
| | - Keping Xie
- Center for Pancreatic Cancer Research, The South China University of Technology School of Medicine, Guangzhou, China
- Institute of Digestive Diseases, Guangzhou First People's Hospital and The Second Affiliated Hospital, The South China University of Technology School of Medicine, Guangzhou, China
- The South China University of Technology Comprehensive Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China
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Albayrak E, Kocabaş F. Therapeutic targeting and HSC proliferation by small molecules and biologicals. ADVANCES IN PROTEIN CHEMISTRY AND STRUCTURAL BIOLOGY 2023; 135:425-496. [PMID: 37061339 DOI: 10.1016/bs.apcsb.2022.11.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/11/2023]
Abstract
Hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) have considerably therapeutic value on autologous and allogeneic transplantation for many malignant/non-malignant hematological diseases, especially with improvement of gene therapy. However, acquirement of limited cell dose from HSC sources is the main handicap for successful transplantation. Therefore, many strategies based on the utilization of various cytokines, interaction of stromal cells, modulation of several extrinsic and intrinsic factors have been developed to promote ex vivo functional HSC expansion with high reconstitution ability until today. Besides all these strategies, small molecules become prominent with their ease of use and various advantages when they are translated to the clinic. In the last two decades, several small molecule compounds have been investigated in pre-clinical studies and, some of them were evaluated in different stages of clinical trials for their safety and efficiencies. In this chapter, we will present an overview of HSC biology, function, regulation and also, pharmacological HSC modulation with small molecules from pre-clinical and clinical perspectives.
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Kobayashi H, Watanuki S, Takubo K. Approaches towards Elucidating the Metabolic Program of Hematopoietic Stem/Progenitor Cells. Cells 2022; 11:cells11203189. [PMID: 36291056 PMCID: PMC9600258 DOI: 10.3390/cells11203189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2022] [Revised: 09/27/2022] [Accepted: 10/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) in bone marrow continuously supply a large number of blood cells throughout life in collaboration with hematopoietic progenitor cells (HPCs). HSCs and HPCs are thought to regulate and utilize intracellular metabolic programs to obtain metabolites, such as adenosine triphosphate (ATP), which is necessary for various cellular functions. Metabolites not only provide stem/progenitor cells with nutrients for ATP and building block generation but are also utilized for protein modification and epigenetic regulation to maintain cellular characteristics. In recent years, the metabolic programs of tissue stem/progenitor cells and their underlying molecular mechanisms have been elucidated using a variety of metabolic analysis methods. In this review, we first present the advantages and disadvantages of the current approaches applicable to the metabolic analysis of tissue stem/progenitor cells, including HSCs and HPCs. In the second half, we discuss the characteristics and regulatory mechanisms of HSC metabolism, including the decoupling of ATP production by glycolysis and mitochondria. These technologies and findings have the potential to advance stem cell biology and engineering from a metabolic perspective and to establish therapeutic approaches.
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Barzegari A, Aaboulhassanzadeh S, Landon R, Gueguen V, Meddahi-Pellé A, Parvizpour S, Anagnostou F, Pavon-Djavid G. Mitohormesis and mitochondrial dynamics in the regulation of stem cell fate. J Cell Physiol 2022; 237:3435-3448. [PMID: 35775725 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.30820] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2021] [Revised: 06/09/2022] [Accepted: 06/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
The ability of stem cells for self-renewing, differentiation, and regeneration of injured tissues is believed to occur via the hormetic modulation of nuclear/mitochondrial signal transductions. The evidence now indicates that in damaged tissues, the mitochondria set off the alarm under oxidative stress conditions, hence they are the central regulators of stem cell fate decisions. This review aimed to provide an update to a broader concept of stem cell fate in stress conditions of damaged tissues, and insights for the mitochondrial hormesis (mitohormesis), including the integrated stress response (ISR), mitochondrial dynamics, mitochondria uncoupling, unfolded protein response, and mitokines, with implications for the control of stem cells programing in a successful clinical cell therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abolfazl Barzegari
- Research Center for Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Sobhan Aaboulhassanzadeh
- Research Center for Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Rebecca Landon
- CNRS UMR7052-INSERM U1271, Laboratory of Osteoarticular Biology, Bioengineering and Bioimaging, Paris Diderot University, Paris, France
| | - Virginie Gueguen
- Université Sorbonne Paris Nord, INSERM U1148, Laboratory for Vascular Translational Science, Cardiovascular Bioengineering, Villetaneuse, France
| | - Anne Meddahi-Pellé
- Université Sorbonne Paris Nord, INSERM U1148, Laboratory for Vascular Translational Science, Cardiovascular Bioengineering, Villetaneuse, France
| | - Sepideh Parvizpour
- Research Center for Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Fani Anagnostou
- CNRS UMR7052-INSERM U1271, Laboratory of Osteoarticular Biology, Bioengineering and Bioimaging, Paris Diderot University, Paris, France
| | - Graciela Pavon-Djavid
- Université Sorbonne Paris Nord, INSERM U1148, Laboratory for Vascular Translational Science, Cardiovascular Bioengineering, Villetaneuse, France
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Ye JJ, Yu W, Xie BR, Li K, Liu MD, Dong X, Chen ZX, Feng J, Zhang XZ. Self-Reinforced Cancer Targeting (SRCT) Depending on Reciprocally Enhancing Feedback between Targeting and Therapy. ACS NANO 2022; 16:5851-5866. [PMID: 35412799 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.1c10999] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Conventional cancer targeting methodology needs to be reformed to overcome the intrinsic barriers responsible for poor targeting efficiency. This study describes a concept of self-reinforced cancer targeting (SRCT) by correlating targeting with therapy in a reciprocally enhancing manner. SRCT is achieved on the basis of two prerequisites: (1) target molecules have to be expressed on cancer cell membranes but not on normal cells, and (2) notably, their expression on cancer cells must be actively upregulated in response to cellular attack by cancer treatments. As a proof-of-concept, a GRP78-targeting nanovehicle for chemotherapy was designed. Resultant data showed that chemotherapeutic drugs could effectively elevate GRP78 expression on the plasma membranes of cancer cells while having minimal influence on normal cells. DOX pretreatment of cancer cells and tumor tissues can greatly increase the targeting efficacy and therapeutic performance of the prepared GRP78-targeting nanomedicine while somewhat disfavoring the nontargeting counterpart. In vivo and in vitro results demonstrated that this GRP78-targeting nanomedicine could accurately target cancer cells to not only implement chemotherapy but also induce GRP78 upregulation on cancer cells, eventually benefiting continuous cancer-cell-targeted attack by the nanomedicines remaining in the blood circulation or administered in the next dose. The GRP78-targeting nanomedicine displays much better antitumor performance compared with the nontargeting counterpart. SRCT is expected to advance cancer-targeted therapy based on the positive dependency between targeting and therapeutic modalities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing-Jie Ye
- Key Laboratory of Biomedical Polymers of Ministry of Education and Department of Chemistry, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, P.R. China
| | - Wuyang Yu
- Key Laboratory of Biomedical Polymers of Ministry of Education and Department of Chemistry, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, P.R. China
| | - Bo-Ru Xie
- Key Laboratory of Biomedical Polymers of Ministry of Education and Department of Chemistry, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, P.R. China
| | - Ke Li
- Key Laboratory of Biomedical Polymers of Ministry of Education and Department of Chemistry, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, P.R. China
| | - Miao-Deng Liu
- Key Laboratory of Biomedical Polymers of Ministry of Education and Department of Chemistry, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, P.R. China
| | - Xue Dong
- Institute for Advanced Studies, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, P.R. China
| | - Zhao-Xia Chen
- Key Laboratory of Biomedical Polymers of Ministry of Education and Department of Chemistry, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, P.R. China
| | - Jun Feng
- Key Laboratory of Biomedical Polymers of Ministry of Education and Department of Chemistry, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, P.R. China
| | - Xian-Zheng Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Biomedical Polymers of Ministry of Education and Department of Chemistry, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, P.R. China
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Liang H, Dong S, Fu W, Zhang S, Yu W, Dong F, He B, Wang J, Gao Y, Zhou Y, Ru Y. Deciphering the Heterogeneity of Mitochondrial Functions During Hematopoietic Lineage Differentiation. Stem Cell Rev Rep 2022; 18:2179-2194. [DOI: 10.1007/s12015-022-10354-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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7
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Babaei-Abraki S, Karamali F, Nasr-Esfahani MH. The Role of Endoplasmic Reticulum and Mitochondria in Maintaining Redox Status and Glycolytic Metabolism in Pluripotent Stem Cells. Stem Cell Rev Rep 2022; 18:1789-1808. [PMID: 35141862 DOI: 10.1007/s12015-022-10338-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/20/2022] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Pluripotent stem cells (PSCs), including embryonic stem cells and induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs), can be applicable for regenerative medicine. They strangely rely on glycolysis metabolism akin to aerobic glycolysis in cancer cells. Upon differentiation, PSCs undergo a metabolic shift from glycolysis to oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS). The metabolic shift depends on organelles maturation, transcriptome modification, and metabolic switching. Besides, metabolism-driven chromatin regulation is necessary for cell survival, self-renewal, proliferation, senescence, and differentiation. In this respect, mitochondria may serve as key organelle to adapt environmental changes with metabolic intermediates which are necessary for maintaining PSCs identity. The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) is another organelle whose role in cellular identity remains under-explored. The purpose of our article is to highlight the recent progress on these two organelles' role in maintaining PSCs redox status focusing on metabolism. Topics include redox status, metabolism regulation, mitochondrial dynamics, and ER stress in PSCs. They relate to the maintenance of stem cell properties and subsequent differentiation of stem cells into specific cell types.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shahnaz Babaei-Abraki
- Department of Plant and Animal Biology, Faculty of Biological Science and Technology, University of Isfahan, Isfahan, Iran.,Department of Animal Biotechnology, Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute for Biotechnology, ACECR, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Fereshteh Karamali
- Department of Animal Biotechnology, Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute for Biotechnology, ACECR, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Mohammad Hossein Nasr-Esfahani
- Department of Animal Biotechnology, Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute for Biotechnology, ACECR, Isfahan, Iran.
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8
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Koide S, Sigurdsson V, Radulovic V, Saito K, Zheng Z, Lang S, Soneji S, Iwama A, Miharada K. CD244 expression represents functional decline of murine hematopoietic stem cells after in vitro culture. iScience 2022; 25:103603. [PMID: 35005548 PMCID: PMC8718822 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2021.103603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2021] [Revised: 10/28/2021] [Accepted: 12/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Isolation of long-term hematopoietic stem cell (HSC) is possible by utilizing flow cytometry with multiple cell surface markers. However, those cell surface phenotypes do not represent functional HSCs after in vitro culture. Here we show that cultured HSCs express mast cell-related genes including Cd244. After in vitro culture, phenotypic HSCs were divided into CD244- and CD244+ subpopulations, and only CD244- cells that have low mast cell gene expression and maintain HSC-related genes sustain reconstitution potential. The result was same when HSCs were cultured in an efficient expansion medium containing polyvinyl alcohol. Chemically induced endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress signal increased the CD244+ subpopulation, whereas ER stress suppression using a molecular chaperone, TUDCA, decreased CD244+ population, which was correlated to improved reconstitution output. These data suggest CD244 is a potent marker to exclude non-functional HSCs after in vitro culture thereby useful to elucidate mechanism of functional decline of HSCs during ex vivo treatment. Murine HSCs up-regulate mast cell-related genes including Cd244 during in vitro culture Long-term HSCs after in vitro culture are enriched in CD244−CD48−KSL population Induction of unfolded protein response is involved in the increase of CD244+HSC
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuhei Koide
- Division of Molecular Medicine and Gene Therapy, Lund Stem Cell Center, Lund University, 221 84 Lund, Sweden.,Division of Stem Cell and Molecular Medicine, Center for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, 108-0071 Tokyo, Japan
| | - Valgardur Sigurdsson
- Division of Molecular Medicine and Gene Therapy, Lund Stem Cell Center, Lund University, 221 84 Lund, Sweden
| | - Visnja Radulovic
- Division of Molecular Medicine and Gene Therapy, Lund Stem Cell Center, Lund University, 221 84 Lund, Sweden
| | - Kiyoka Saito
- Division of Molecular Medicine and Gene Therapy, Lund Stem Cell Center, Lund University, 221 84 Lund, Sweden.,International Research Center for Medical Sciences, Kumamoto University, 860-0811 Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Zhiqian Zheng
- Division of Stem Cell and Molecular Medicine, Center for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, 108-0071 Tokyo, Japan
| | - Stefan Lang
- StemTherapy Bioinformatics Core Facility, Lund Stem Cell Center, Lund University, 221 84 Lund, Sweden
| | - Shamit Soneji
- StemTherapy Bioinformatics Core Facility, Lund Stem Cell Center, Lund University, 221 84 Lund, Sweden
| | - Atsushi Iwama
- Division of Stem Cell and Molecular Medicine, Center for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, 108-0071 Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kenichi Miharada
- Division of Molecular Medicine and Gene Therapy, Lund Stem Cell Center, Lund University, 221 84 Lund, Sweden.,International Research Center for Medical Sciences, Kumamoto University, 860-0811 Kumamoto, Japan
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9
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Inflammation Regulates Haematopoietic Stem Cells and Their Niche. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23031125. [PMID: 35163048 PMCID: PMC8835214 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23031125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2022] [Accepted: 01/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Haematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) reside in the bone marrow and are supported by the specialised microenvironment, a niche to maintain HSC quiescence. To deal with haematopoietic equilibrium disrupted during inflammation, HSCs are activated from quiescence directly and indirectly to generate more mature immune cells, especially the myeloid lineage cells. In the process of proliferation and differentiation, HSCs gradually lose their self-renewal potential. The extensive inflammation might cause HSC exhaustion/senescence and malignant transformation. Here, we summarise the current understanding of how HSC functions are maintained, damaged, or exhausted during acute, prolonged, and pathological inflammatory conditions. We also highlight the inflammation-altered HSC niche and its impact on escalating the insults on HSCs.
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10
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Hernandez I, Cohen M. Linking cell-surface GRP78 to cancer: From basic research to clinical value of GRP78 antibodies. Cancer Lett 2022; 524:1-14. [PMID: 34637844 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2021.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2021] [Revised: 09/10/2021] [Accepted: 10/05/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Glucose-related protein 78 (GRP78) is a chaperone protein localized primarily in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) lumen, where it helps in proper protein folding by targeting misfolded proteins and facilitating protein assembly. In stressed cells, GRP78 is translocated to the cell surface (csGRP78) where it binds to various ligands and triggers different intracellular pathways. Thus, csGRP78 expression is associated with cancer, involved in the maintenance and progression of the disease. Extracellular exposition of csGRP78 leads to the production of autoantibodies as observed in patients with prostate or ovarian cancer, in which the ability to target csGRP78 affects the tumor development. Present on the surface of cancer cells and not normal cells in vivo, csGRP78 represents an interesting target for therapeutic antibody strategies. Here we give an overview of the csGRP78 function in the cell and its role in oncogenesis, thereby providing insight into the clinical value of GRP78 monoclonal antibodies for cancer prognosis and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabelle Hernandez
- Department of Pediatrics, Gynecology and Obstetrics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland; Translational Research Centre in Oncohaematology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Marie Cohen
- Department of Pediatrics, Gynecology and Obstetrics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland; Translational Research Centre in Oncohaematology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland.
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11
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Liu B, Tao C, Wu Z, Yao H, Wang DA. Engineering strategies to achieve efficient in vitro expansion of haematopoietic stem cells: development and improvement. J Mater Chem B 2022; 10:1734-1753. [DOI: 10.1039/d1tb02706a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Haematopoietic stem cells are the basis for building and maintaining lifelong haematopoietic mechanisms and important resources for the treatment of blood disorders. Haematopoietic niches are microenvironment in the body where...
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12
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Zheng Y, Zhang J, Huang W, Zhong LLD, Wang N, Wang S, Yang B, Wang X, Pan B, Situ H, Lin Y, Liu X, Shi Y, Wang Z. Sini San Inhibits Chronic Psychological Stress-Induced Breast Cancer Stemness by Suppressing Cortisol-Mediated GRP78 Activation. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:714163. [PMID: 34912211 PMCID: PMC8667778 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.714163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2021] [Accepted: 11/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic psychological stress is closely correlated with breast cancer growth and metastasis. Sini San (SNS) formula is a classical prescription for relieving depression-related symptoms in traditional Chinese medicine (TCM). Current researches have suggested that chronic psychological stress is closely correlated with cancer stem cells (CSCs) and endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress. This study aimed to investigate the effects of chronic psychological stress on ER stress-mediated breast cancer stemness and the therapeutic implication of SNS. Chronic psychological stress promoted lung metastasis in 4T1 breast tumor-bearing mice and increased the stem cell-like populations and stemness-related gene expression. Meanwhile, GRP78, a marker of ER stress, was significantly increased in the breast tumors and lung metastases under chronic psychological stress. As a biochemical hallmark of chronic psychological stress, cortisol dramatically enhanced the stem cell-like populations and mammospheres formation by activating GRP78 transcriptionally. However, GRP78 inhibitors or shRNA attenuated the stemness enhancement mediated by cortisol. Similarly, SNS inhibited chronic psychological stress-induced lung metastasis and stemness of breast cancer cells, as well as reversed cortisol-induced stem cell-like populations and mammospheres formation by attenuating GRP78 expression. Co-localization and co-immunoprecipitation experiments showed that SNS interrupted the interaction between GRP78 and LRP5 on the cell surface, thus inhibiting the Wnt/β-catenin signaling of breast CSCs. Altogether, this study not only uncovers the biological influence and molecular mechanism of chronic psychological stress on breast CSCs but also highlights SNS as a promising strategy for relieving GRP78-induced breast cancer stemness via inhibiting GRP78 activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yifeng Zheng
- The Research Center of Integrative Cancer Medicine, Discipline of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, The Second Clinical College of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China.,State Key Laboratory of Dampness Syndrome of Chinese Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macau Joint Lab on Chinese Medicine and Immune Disease Research, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Juping Zhang
- The Research Center of Integrative Cancer Medicine, Discipline of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, The Second Clinical College of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wanqing Huang
- The Research Center of Integrative Cancer Medicine, Discipline of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, The Second Clinical College of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Linda L D Zhong
- Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macau Joint Lab on Chinese Medicine and Immune Disease Research, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China.,School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon, China
| | - Neng Wang
- The Research Center of Integrative Cancer Medicine, Discipline of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, The Second Clinical College of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macau Joint Lab on Chinese Medicine and Immune Disease Research, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China.,The Research Center for Integrative Medicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shengqi Wang
- The Research Center of Integrative Cancer Medicine, Discipline of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, The Second Clinical College of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macau Joint Lab on Chinese Medicine and Immune Disease Research, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Clinical Research on Traditional Chinese Medicine Syndrome, Guangdong Provincial Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Bowen Yang
- The Research Center of Integrative Cancer Medicine, Discipline of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, The Second Clinical College of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xuan Wang
- The Research Center of Integrative Cancer Medicine, Discipline of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, The Second Clinical College of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Bo Pan
- The Research Center of Integrative Cancer Medicine, Discipline of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, The Second Clinical College of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Honglin Situ
- The Research Center of Integrative Cancer Medicine, Discipline of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, The Second Clinical College of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yi Lin
- The Research Center of Integrative Cancer Medicine, Discipline of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, The Second Clinical College of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiaoyan Liu
- The Research Center of Integrative Cancer Medicine, Discipline of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, The Second Clinical College of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yafei Shi
- The Research Center for Integrative Medicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhiyu Wang
- The Research Center of Integrative Cancer Medicine, Discipline of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, The Second Clinical College of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China.,State Key Laboratory of Dampness Syndrome of Chinese Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macau Joint Lab on Chinese Medicine and Immune Disease Research, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China.,The Research Center for Integrative Medicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Clinical Research on Traditional Chinese Medicine Syndrome, Guangdong Provincial Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
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13
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Preciado S, Sirerol-Piquer MS, Muntión S, Osugui L, Martí-Chillón GJ, Navarro-Bailón A, Sepúlveda P, Sánchez-Guijo F. Co-administration of human MSC overexpressing HIF-1α increases human CD34 + cell engraftment in vivo. Stem Cell Res Ther 2021; 12:601. [PMID: 34876206 PMCID: PMC8650423 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-021-02669-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2021] [Accepted: 11/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Poor graft function or graft failure after allogeneic stem cell transplantation is an unmet medical need, in which mesenchymal stromal cells (MSC) constitute an attractive potential therapeutic approach. Hypoxia-inducible factor-1α (HIF-1α) overexpression in MSC (HIF-MSC) potentiates the angiogenic and immunomodulatory properties of these cells, so we hypothesized that co-transplantation of MSC-HIF with CD34+ human cord blood cells would also enhance hematopoietic stem cell engraftment and function both in vitro and in vivo.
Methods Human MSC were obtained from dental pulp. Lentiviral overexpression of HIF-1α was performed transducing cells with pWPI-green fluorescent protein (GFP) (MSC WT) or pWPI-HIF-1α-GFP (HIF-MSC) expression vectors. Human cord blood CD34+ cells were co-cultured with MSC WT or HIF-MSC (4:1) for 72 h. Then, viability (Annexin V and 7-AAD), cell cycle, ROS expression and immunophenotyping of key molecules involved in engraftment (CXCR4, CD34, ITGA4, c-KIT) were evaluated by flow cytometry in CD34+ cells. In addition, CD34+ cells clonal expansion was analyzed by clonogenic assays. Finally, in vivo engraftment was measured by flow cytometry 4-weeks after CD34+ cell transplantation with or without intrabone MSC WT or HIF-MSC in NOD/SCID mice. Results We did not observe significant differences in viability, cell cycle and ROS expression between CD34+ cells co-cultured with MSC WT or HIF-MSC. Nevertheless, a significant increase in CD34, CXCR4 and ITGA4 expression (p = 0.009; p = 0.001; p = 0.013, respectively) was observed in CD34+ cells co-cultured with HIF-MSC compared to MSC WT. In addition, CD34+ cells cultured with HIF-MSC displayed a higher CFU-GM clonogenic potential than those cultured with MSC WT (p = 0.048). We also observed a significant increase in CD34+ cells engraftment ability when they were co-transplanted with HIF-MSC compared to CD34+ co-transplanted with MSC WT (p = 0.016) or alone (p = 0.015) in both the injected and contralateral femurs (p = 0.024, p = 0.008 respectively). Conclusions Co-transplantation of human CD34+ cells with HIF-MSC enhances cell engraftment in vivo. This is probably due to the ability of HIF-MSC to increase clonogenic capacity of hematopoietic cells and to induce the expression of adhesion molecules involved in graft survival in the hematopoietic niche. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s13287-021-02669-z.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Preciado
- Cell Therapy Unit, Hematology Department, University Hospital of Salamanca, IBSAL, University of Salamanca, Paseo de San Vicente 58-182, 37007, Salamanca, Spain.,RETIC TerCel, ISCIII, Madrid, Spain.,Centro en Red de Medicina Regenerativa y Terapia Celular de Castilla y León, Salamanca, Spain
| | - Mª Salomé Sirerol-Piquer
- Departamento de Biología Celular, Biología Funcional y Antropología Física, University of Valencia, Burjassot, Spain.,Instituto de Biotecnología y Biomedicina (BioTecMed), University of Valencia, Burjassot, Spain.,RETIC TerCel, ISCIII, Madrid, Spain
| | - Sandra Muntión
- Cell Therapy Unit, Hematology Department, University Hospital of Salamanca, IBSAL, University of Salamanca, Paseo de San Vicente 58-182, 37007, Salamanca, Spain.,RETIC TerCel, ISCIII, Madrid, Spain.,Centro en Red de Medicina Regenerativa y Terapia Celular de Castilla y León, Salamanca, Spain
| | - Lika Osugui
- Cell Therapy Unit, Hematology Department, University Hospital of Salamanca, IBSAL, University of Salamanca, Paseo de San Vicente 58-182, 37007, Salamanca, Spain.,RETIC TerCel, ISCIII, Madrid, Spain.,Centro en Red de Medicina Regenerativa y Terapia Celular de Castilla y León, Salamanca, Spain
| | - Gerardo J Martí-Chillón
- Cell Therapy Unit, Hematology Department, University Hospital of Salamanca, IBSAL, University of Salamanca, Paseo de San Vicente 58-182, 37007, Salamanca, Spain.,RETIC TerCel, ISCIII, Madrid, Spain.,Centro en Red de Medicina Regenerativa y Terapia Celular de Castilla y León, Salamanca, Spain
| | - Almudena Navarro-Bailón
- Cell Therapy Unit, Hematology Department, University Hospital of Salamanca, IBSAL, University of Salamanca, Paseo de San Vicente 58-182, 37007, Salamanca, Spain.,RETIC TerCel, ISCIII, Madrid, Spain.,Centro en Red de Medicina Regenerativa y Terapia Celular de Castilla y León, Salamanca, Spain
| | - Pilar Sepúlveda
- Regenerative Medicine and Heart Transplantation Unit, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria La Fe, Valencia, Spain.,RETIC TerCel, ISCIII, Madrid, Spain
| | - Fermín Sánchez-Guijo
- Cell Therapy Unit, Hematology Department, University Hospital of Salamanca, IBSAL, University of Salamanca, Paseo de San Vicente 58-182, 37007, Salamanca, Spain. .,RETIC TerCel, ISCIII, Madrid, Spain. .,Centro en Red de Medicina Regenerativa y Terapia Celular de Castilla y León, Salamanca, Spain.
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14
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Freeman DW, Rodrigues Sousa E, Karkampouna S, Zoni E, Gray PC, Salomon DS, Kruithof-de Julio M, Spike BT. Whence CRIPTO: The Reemergence of an Oncofetal Factor in 'Wounds' That Fail to Heal. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:10164. [PMID: 34576327 PMCID: PMC8472190 DOI: 10.3390/ijms221810164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2021] [Revised: 09/08/2021] [Accepted: 09/13/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
There exists a set of factors termed oncofetal proteins that play key roles in ontogeny before they decline or disappear as the organism's tissues achieve homeostasis, only to then re-emerge in cancer. Although the unique therapeutic potential presented by such factors has been recognized for more than a century, their clinical utility has yet to be fully realized1. This review highlights the small signaling protein CRIPTO encoded by the tumor derived growth factor 1 (TDGF1/Tdgf1) gene, an oft cited oncofetal protein whose presence in the cancer literature as a tumor promoter, diagnostic marker and viable therapeutic target continues to grow. We touch lightly on features well established and well-reviewed since its discovery more than 30 years ago, including CRIPTO's early developmental roles and modulation of SMAD2/3 activation by a selected set of transforming growth factor β (TGF-β) family ligands. We predominantly focus instead on more recent and less well understood additions to the CRIPTO signaling repertoire, on its potential upstream regulators and on new conceptual ground for understanding its mode of action in the multicellular and often stressful contexts of neoplastic transformation and progression. We ask whence it re-emerges in cancer and where it 'hides' between the time of its fetal activity and its oncogenic reemergence. In this regard, we examine CRIPTO's restriction to rare cells in the adult, its potential for paracrine crosstalk, and its emerging role in inflammation and tissue regeneration-roles it may reprise in tumorigenesis, acting on subsets of tumor cells to foster cancer initiation and progression. We also consider critical gaps in knowledge and resources that stand between the recent, exciting momentum in the CRIPTO field and highly actionable CRIPTO manipulation for cancer therapy and beyond.
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Affiliation(s)
- David W. Freeman
- Department of Oncological Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84113, USA;
| | - Elisa Rodrigues Sousa
- Urology Research Laboratory, Department for BioMedical Research DBMR, University of Bern, 3012 Bern, Switzerland; (E.R.S.); (S.K.); (E.Z.)
| | - Sofia Karkampouna
- Urology Research Laboratory, Department for BioMedical Research DBMR, University of Bern, 3012 Bern, Switzerland; (E.R.S.); (S.K.); (E.Z.)
| | - Eugenio Zoni
- Urology Research Laboratory, Department for BioMedical Research DBMR, University of Bern, 3012 Bern, Switzerland; (E.R.S.); (S.K.); (E.Z.)
| | - Peter C. Gray
- Peptide Biology Laboratory, The Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA;
| | - David S. Salomon
- Mouse Cancer Genetics Program, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Frederick, MD 20893, USA;
| | - Marianna Kruithof-de Julio
- Urology Research Laboratory, Department for BioMedical Research DBMR, University of Bern, 3012 Bern, Switzerland; (E.R.S.); (S.K.); (E.Z.)
- Translational Organoid Models, Department for BioMedical Research, University of Bern, 3012 Bern, Switzerland
- Bern Center for Precision Medicine, Inselspital, University Hospital of Bern, 3010 Bern, Switzerland
- Department of Urology, Inselspital, University Hospital of Bern, 3010 Bern, Switzerland
| | - Benjamin T. Spike
- Department of Oncological Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84113, USA;
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15
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Jun S, Mahesula S, Mathews TP, Martin-Sandoval MS, Zhao Z, Piskounova E, Agathocleous M. The requirement for pyruvate dehydrogenase in leukemogenesis depends on cell lineage. Cell Metab 2021; 33:1777-1792.e8. [PMID: 34375613 DOI: 10.1016/j.cmet.2021.07.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2021] [Revised: 05/19/2021] [Accepted: 07/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Cancer cells are metabolically similar to their corresponding normal tissues. Differences between cancers and normal tissues may reflect reprogramming during transformation or maintenance of the metabolism of the specific normal cell type that originated the cancer. Here, we compare glucose metabolism in hematopoiesis and leukemia. Thymus T cell progenitors were glucose avid and oxidized more glucose in the tricarboxylic acid cycle through pyruvate dehydrogenase (PDH) as compared with other hematopoietic cells. PDH deletion decreased double-positive T cell progenitor cells but had no effect on hematopoietic stem cells, myeloid progenitors, or other hematopoietic cells. PDH deletion blocked the development of Pten-deficient T cell leukemia, but not the development of a Pten-deficient myeloid neoplasm. Therefore, the requirement for PDH in leukemia reflected the metabolism of the normal cell of origin independently of the driver genetic lesion. PDH was required to prevent pyruvate accumulation and maintain glutathione levels and redox homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sojeong Jun
- Children's Medical Center Research Institute and Department of Pediatrics, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Swetha Mahesula
- Children's Medical Center Research Institute and Department of Pediatrics, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Thomas P Mathews
- Children's Medical Center Research Institute and Department of Pediatrics, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Misty S Martin-Sandoval
- Children's Medical Center Research Institute and Department of Pediatrics, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Zhiyu Zhao
- Children's Medical Center Research Institute and Department of Pediatrics, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Elena Piskounova
- Sandra and Edward Meyer Cancer Center and Department of Dermatology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Michalis Agathocleous
- Children's Medical Center Research Institute and Department of Pediatrics, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA.
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16
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GRP78 Overexpression Triggers PINK1-IP 3R-Mediated Neuroprotective Mitophagy. Biomedicines 2021; 9:biomedicines9081039. [PMID: 34440243 PMCID: PMC8391647 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines9081039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2021] [Revised: 08/03/2021] [Accepted: 08/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
An experimental model of spinal root avulsion (RA) is useful to study causal molecular programs that drive retrograde neurodegeneration after neuron-target disconnection. This neurodegenerative process shares common characteristics with neuronal disease-related processes such as the presence of endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress and autophagy flux blockage. We previously found that the overexpression of GRP78 promoted motoneuronal neuroprotection after RA. After that, we aimed to unravel the underlying mechanism by carrying out a comparative unbiased proteomic analysis and pharmacological and genetic interventions. Unexpectedly, mitochondrial factors turned out to be most altered when GRP78 was overexpressed, and the abundance of engulfed mitochondria, a hallmark of mitophagy, was also observed by electronic microscopy in RA-injured motoneurons after GRP78 overexpression. In addition, GRP78 overexpression increased LC3-mitochondria tagging, promoted PINK1 translocation, mitophagy induction, and recovered mitochondrial function in ER-stressed cells. Lastly, we found that GRP78-promoted pro-survival mitophagy was mediated by PINK1 and IP3R in our in vitro model of motoneuronal death. This data indicates a novel relationship between the GRP78 chaperone and mitophagy, opening novel therapeutical options for drug design to achieve neuroprotection.
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17
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Bruno S, Mancini M, De Santis S, Monaldi C, Cavo M, Soverini S. The Role of Hypoxic Bone Marrow Microenvironment in Acute Myeloid Leukemia and Future Therapeutic Opportunities. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22136857. [PMID: 34202238 PMCID: PMC8269413 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22136857] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2021] [Revised: 06/18/2021] [Accepted: 06/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is a hematologic malignancy caused by a wide range of alterations responsible for a high grade of heterogeneity among patients. Several studies have demonstrated that the hypoxic bone marrow microenvironment (BMM) plays a crucial role in AML pathogenesis and therapy response. This review article summarizes the current literature regarding the effects of the dynamic crosstalk between leukemic stem cells (LSCs) and hypoxic BMM. The interaction between LSCs and hypoxic BMM regulates fundamental cell fate decisions, including survival, self-renewal, and proliferation capacity as a consequence of genetic, transcriptional, and metabolic adaptation of LSCs mediated by hypoxia-inducible factors (HIFs). HIF-1α and some of their targets have been associated with poor prognosis in AML. It has been demonstrated that the hypoxic BMM creates a protective niche that mediates resistance to therapy. Therefore, we also highlight how hypoxia hallmarks might be targeted in the future to hit the leukemic population to improve AML patient outcomes.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Bone Marrow/metabolism
- Bone Marrow/pathology
- Cell Line, Tumor
- Cellular Reprogramming
- Disease Management
- Disease Susceptibility
- Energy Metabolism
- Epigenesis, Genetic
- Gene Expression Regulation, Leukemic
- Humans
- Hypoxia/metabolism
- Hypoxia-Inducible Factor 1/metabolism
- Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute/etiology
- Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute/metabolism
- Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute/pathology
- Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute/therapy
- Molecular Targeted Therapy
- Neoplastic Stem Cells/metabolism
- Signal Transduction
- Tumor Microenvironment
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Affiliation(s)
- Samantha Bruno
- Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine, University of Bologna, 40138 Bologna, Italy; (S.B.); (S.D.S.); (C.M.); (M.C.)
| | - Manuela Mancini
- Istituto di Ematologia “Seràgnoli”, IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero, Universitaria di Bologna, 40138 Bologna, Italy;
| | - Sara De Santis
- Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine, University of Bologna, 40138 Bologna, Italy; (S.B.); (S.D.S.); (C.M.); (M.C.)
| | - Cecilia Monaldi
- Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine, University of Bologna, 40138 Bologna, Italy; (S.B.); (S.D.S.); (C.M.); (M.C.)
| | - Michele Cavo
- Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine, University of Bologna, 40138 Bologna, Italy; (S.B.); (S.D.S.); (C.M.); (M.C.)
- Istituto di Ematologia “Seràgnoli”, IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero, Universitaria di Bologna, 40138 Bologna, Italy;
| | - Simona Soverini
- Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine, University of Bologna, 40138 Bologna, Italy; (S.B.); (S.D.S.); (C.M.); (M.C.)
- Correspondence:
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18
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Samimi A, Khodayar MJ, Alidadi H, Khodadi E. The Dual Role of ROS in Hematological Malignancies: Stem Cell Protection and Cancer Cell Metastasis. Stem Cell Rev Rep 2021; 16:262-275. [PMID: 31912368 DOI: 10.1007/s12015-019-09949-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE Reactive oxygen species (ROS) play crucial role in hematopoiesis, regulation of differentiation, self-renewal, and the balance between quiescence and proliferation of hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs). The HSCs are a small population of undifferentiated cells that reside in the bone marrow (BM) and can undergo self-renewal by giving rise to mature cells. METHODS Relevant literature was identified through a PubMed search (2000-2019) of English-language papers using the following terms: reactive oxygen species, hematopoietic stem cell, leukemic stem cell, leukemia and chemotherapy. RESULTS HSCs are very sensitive to high levels of ROS and increased production of ROS have been attributed to HSC aging. HSC aging induced by both cell intrinsic and extrinsic factors is linked to impaired HSC self-renewal and regeneration. In addition, the elevated ROS levels might even trigger differentiation of Leukemic stem cells (LSCs) and ROS may be involved in the initiation and progression of hematological malignancies, such as leukemia. CONCLUSION Targeting genes involved in ROS in LSCs and HSCs are increasingly being used as a critical target for therapeutic interventions. Appropriate concentration of ROS may be an optimal therapeutic target for treatment of leukemia during chemotherapy, but still more studies are required to better understanding of the of ROS role in blood disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Azin Samimi
- Department of Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran.,Legal Medicine Organization, Legal Medicine Research Center, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Mohammad Javad Khodayar
- Department of Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran.,Toxicology Research Center, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Hadis Alidadi
- Department of Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran.,Toxicology Research Center, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Elahe Khodadi
- Thalassemia & Hemoglobinopathy Research Center, Health Research Institute, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran.
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19
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Proteins Marking the Sequence of Genotoxic Signaling from Irradiated Mesenchymal Stromal Cells to CD34+ Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22115844. [PMID: 34072546 PMCID: PMC8197937 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22115844] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2021] [Revised: 05/19/2021] [Accepted: 05/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Non-targeted effects (NTE) of ionizing radiation may initiate myeloid neoplasms (MN). Here, protein mediators (I) in irradiated human mesenchymal stromal cells (MSC) as the NTE source, (II) in MSC conditioned supernatant and (III) in human bone marrow CD34+ cells undergoing genotoxic NTE were investigated. Healthy sublethal irradiated MSC showed significantly increased levels of reactive oxygen species. These cells responded by increasing intracellular abundance of proteins involved in proteasomal degradation, protein translation, cytoskeleton dynamics, nucleocytoplasmic shuttling, and those with antioxidant activity. Among the increased proteins were THY1 and GNA11/14, which are signaling proteins with hitherto unknown functions in the radiation response and NTE. In the corresponding MSC conditioned medium, the three chaperones GRP78, CALR, and PDIA3 were increased. Together with GPI, these were the only four altered proteins, which were associated with the observed genotoxic NTE. Healthy CD34+ cells cultured in MSC conditioned medium suffered from more than a six-fold increase in γH2AX focal staining, indicative for DNA double-strand breaks, as well as numerical and structural chromosomal aberrations within three days. At this stage, five proteins were altered, among them IQGAP1, HMGB1, and PA2G4, which are involved in malign development. In summary, our data provide novel insights into three sequential steps of genotoxic signaling from irradiated MSC to CD34+ cells, implicating that induced NTE might initiate the development of MN.
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20
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Lager TW, Conner C, Keating CR, Warshaw JN, Panopoulos AD. Cell surface GRP78 and Dermcidin cooperate to regulate breast cancer cell migration through Wnt signaling. Oncogene 2021; 40:4050-4059. [PMID: 33981001 PMCID: PMC8197743 DOI: 10.1038/s41388-021-01821-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2019] [Revised: 04/15/2021] [Accepted: 04/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
The heat shock protein GRP78 typically resides in the endoplasmic reticulum in normal tissues, but it has been shown to be expressed on the cell surface of several cancer cells, and some stem cells, where it can act as a signaling molecule by not-yet-fully defined mechanisms. Although cell surface GRP78 (sGRP78) has emerged as an attractive chemotherapeutic target, understanding how sGRP78 is functioning in cancer has been complicated by the fact that sGRP78 can function in a cell-context dependent manner, with a diverse array of reported binding partners, to regulate a variety of cellular responses. We had previously shown that sGRP78 was important in regulating pluripotent stem cell (PSC) functions, and hypothesized that embryonic-like mechanisms of GRP78 were critical to regulating aggressive breast cancer cell functions. Here, using proteomics we identify Dermcidin (DCD) as a novel sGRP78 binding partner common to both PSCs and breast cancer cells. We show that GRP78 and DCD cooperate to regulate stem cell and cancer cell migration that is dependent on the cell surface functions of these proteins. Finally, we identify Wnt/β-catenin signaling, a critical pathway in stem cell and cancer cell biology, as an important downstream intermediate in regulating this migration phenotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tyson W Lager
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN, USA.,Center for Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN, USA
| | - Clay Conner
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN, USA.,Center for Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN, USA
| | - Claudia R Keating
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN, USA.,Stritch School of Medicine, Loyola University Chicago, Maywood, IL, USA
| | - Jane N Warshaw
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN, USA.,Departments of Cell Biology and Internal Medicine, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Athanasia D Panopoulos
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN, USA. .,Center for Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN, USA. .,Harper Cancer Research Institute, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN, USA.
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21
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Tiwari SK, Mandal S. Mitochondrial Control of Stem Cell State and Fate: Lessons From Drosophila. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:606639. [PMID: 34012959 PMCID: PMC8128071 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.606639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2020] [Accepted: 04/06/2021] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Over the years, Drosophila has served as a wonderful genetically tractable model system to unravel various facets of tissue-resident stem cells in their microenvironment. Studies in different stem and progenitor cell types of Drosophila have led to the discovery of cell-intrinsic and extrinsic factors crucial for stem cell state and fate. Though initially touted as the ATP generating machines for carrying various cellular processes, it is now increasingly becoming clear that mitochondrial processes alone can override the cellular program of stem cells. The last few years have witnessed a surge in our understanding of mitochondria's contribution to governing different stem cell properties in their subtissular niches in Drosophila. Through this review, we intend to sum up and highlight the outcome of these in vivo studies that implicate mitochondria as a central regulator of stem cell fate decisions; to find the commonalities and uniqueness associated with these regulatory mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Satish Kumar Tiwari
- Developmental Genetics Laboratory, Department of Biological Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER) Mohali, Mohali, India
| | - Sudip Mandal
- Molecular Cell and Developmental Biology Laboratory, Department of Biological Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER) Mohali, Mohali, India
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22
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Oliverio S, Beltran JSO, Occhigrossi L, Bordoni V, Agrati C, D'Eletto M, Rossin F, Borelli P, Amarante-Mendes GP, Demidov O, Barlev NA, Piacentini M. Transglutaminase Type 2 is Involved in the Hematopoietic Stem Cells Homeostasis. BIOCHEMISTRY (MOSCOW) 2021; 85:1159-1168. [PMID: 33202201 DOI: 10.1134/s0006297920100041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Type 2 transglutaminase (TG2) is a multifunctional protein involved in various biological processes playing a key regulatory role in cell homeostasis such as cell death and autophagy. New evidence is emerging that support an important role of autophagy in regulating normal hematopoiesis. Prompted by these findings, in this study we investigated in vivo involvement of TG2 in mouse hematopoiesis under normal or nutrient deprivation conditions. We found that the number and rate of differentiation of bone marrow hematopoietic stem cell was decreased in the TG2 knockout mice. We present evidence showing that these effects on hematopoietic system are very likely due to the TG2-dependent impairment of autophagy. In fact, stimulation of autophagy by starvation is able to rescue the block of the differentiation of stem cells progenitors in the TG2 KO mice. It was also shown that the RhoA/ERK½ pathway, known to be essential for regulation of the bone marrow progenitor cells homeostasis, was significantly impaired in the absence of TG2. Hence, this study expanded our knowledge about TG2 discovering a role of this enzyme in regulation of hematopoiesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Oliverio
- Department of Biology, University of Rome "Tor Vergata", Rome, 00133, Italy
| | - J S O Beltran
- Department of Biology, University of Rome "Tor Vergata", Rome, 00133, Italy.,Clinical and Experimental Hematology Laboratory, Department of Clinical and Toxicological Analysis, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - L Occhigrossi
- Department of Biology, University of Rome "Tor Vergata", Rome, 00133, Italy
| | - V Bordoni
- National Institute for Infectious Diseases I. R. C. C. S. "Lazzaro Spallanzani" Rome, 00149, Italy
| | - C Agrati
- National Institute for Infectious Diseases I. R. C. C. S. "Lazzaro Spallanzani" Rome, 00149, Italy
| | - M D'Eletto
- Department of Biology, University of Rome "Tor Vergata", Rome, 00133, Italy
| | - F Rossin
- Department of Biology, University of Rome "Tor Vergata", Rome, 00133, Italy
| | - P Borelli
- Clinical and Experimental Hematology Laboratory, Department of Clinical and Toxicological Analysis, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - G P Amarante-Mendes
- Department of Immunology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - O Demidov
- Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Institute of Cytology, Russian Academy of Sciences, St.-Petersburg, 194064, Russia
| | - N A Barlev
- Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Institute of Cytology, Russian Academy of Sciences, St.-Petersburg, 194064, Russia
| | - M Piacentini
- Department of Biology, University of Rome "Tor Vergata", Rome, 00133, Italy. .,National Institute for Infectious Diseases I. R. C. C. S. "Lazzaro Spallanzani" Rome, 00149, Italy.,Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Institute of Cytology, Russian Academy of Sciences, St.-Petersburg, 194064, Russia
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23
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MDH1-mediated malate-aspartate NADH shuttle maintains the activity levels of fetal liver hematopoietic stem cells. Blood 2021; 136:553-571. [PMID: 32396938 DOI: 10.1182/blood.2019003940] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2019] [Accepted: 04/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
The connections between energy metabolism and stemness of hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) at different developmental stages remain largely unknown. We generated a transgenic mouse line for the genetically encoded NADH/NAD+ sensor (SoNar) and demonstrate that there are 3 distinct fetal liver hematopoietic cell populations according to the ratios of SoNar fluorescence. SoNar-low cells had an enhanced level of mitochondrial respiration but a glycolytic level similar to that of SoNar-high cells. Interestingly, 10% of SoNar-low cells were enriched for 65% of total immunophenotypic fetal liver HSCs (FL-HSCs) and contained approximately fivefold more functional HSCs than their SoNar-high counterparts. SoNar was able to monitor sensitively the dynamic changes of energy metabolism in HSCs both in vitro and in vivo. Mechanistically, STAT3 transactivated MDH1 to sustain the malate-aspartate NADH shuttle activity and HSC self-renewal and differentiation. We reveal an unexpected metabolic program of FL-HSCs and provide a powerful genetic tool for metabolic studies of HSCs or other types of stem cells.
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Chen Z, Wang H, Zhang Z, Xu J, Qi Y, Xue H, Gao Z, Zhao R, Wang S, Zhang S, Qiu W, Guo X, Li G. Cell surface GRP78 regulates BACE2 via lysosome-dependent manner to maintain mesenchymal phenotype of glioma stem cells. J Exp Clin Cancer Res 2021; 40:20. [PMID: 33413577 PMCID: PMC7791784 DOI: 10.1186/s13046-020-01807-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2020] [Accepted: 12/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Glioma stem cells (GSCs) are considered the initial cells of gliomas, contributing to therapeutic resistance. Patient-derived GSCs well recapitulate the heterogeneity of their parent glioma tissues, which can be classified into different subtypes. Likewise, previous works identified GSCs as two distinct subtypes, mesenchymal (MES) and proneural (PN) subtypes, and with general recognition, the MES subtype is considered a more malignant phenotype characterized by high invasion and radioresistance. Therefore, understanding the mechanisms involved in the MES phenotype is necessary for glioblastoma treatment. METHODS Data for bioinformatic analysis were obtained from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) and The Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database. An antibody was used to block cell surface glucose-regulated protein 78 (csGRP78). Apoptosis and cell cycle analyses were performed to evaluate radiation damage. Immunofluorescence staining was applied to assess protein expression and distribution. Mass spectrometry combined with bioinformatic analysis was used to screen downstream molecules. Intracranial GSC-derived xenografts were established for in vivo experiments. RESULTS Total GRP78 expression was associated with MES GSC stemness, and csGRP78 was highly expressed in MES GSCs. Targeting csGRP78 suppressed the self-renewal and radioresistance of MES GSCs in vitro and in vivo, accompanied by downregulation of the STAT3, NF-κB and C/EBPβ pathways. Mass spectrometry revealed the potential downstream β-site APP-cleaving enzyme 2 (BACE2), which was regulated by csGRP78 via lysosomal degradation. Knockdown of BACE2 inactivated NF-κB and C/EBPβ and significantly suppressed the tumorigenesis and radioresistance of MES GSCs in vitro and in vivo. CONCLUSIONS Cell surface GRP78 was preferentially expressed in MES GSCs and played a pivotal role in MES phenotype maintenance. Thus, blocking csGRP78 in MES GSCs with a high-specificity antibody might be a promising novel therapeutic strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zihang Chen
- Department of Neurosurgery, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine and Institute of Brain and Brain-Inspired Science, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Brain Function Remodeling, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Huizhi Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine and Institute of Brain and Brain-Inspired Science, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Brain Function Remodeling, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Zongpu Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine and Institute of Brain and Brain-Inspired Science, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Brain Function Remodeling, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Jianye Xu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine and Institute of Brain and Brain-Inspired Science, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Brain Function Remodeling, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Yanhua Qi
- Department of Neurosurgery, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine and Institute of Brain and Brain-Inspired Science, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Brain Function Remodeling, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Hao Xue
- Department of Neurosurgery, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine and Institute of Brain and Brain-Inspired Science, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Brain Function Remodeling, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Zijie Gao
- Department of Neurosurgery, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine and Institute of Brain and Brain-Inspired Science, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Brain Function Remodeling, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Rongrong Zhao
- Department of Neurosurgery, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine and Institute of Brain and Brain-Inspired Science, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Brain Function Remodeling, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Shaobo Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine and Institute of Brain and Brain-Inspired Science, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Brain Function Remodeling, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Shouji Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine and Institute of Brain and Brain-Inspired Science, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Brain Function Remodeling, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Wei Qiu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine and Institute of Brain and Brain-Inspired Science, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Brain Function Remodeling, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Xing Guo
- Department of Neurosurgery, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine and Institute of Brain and Brain-Inspired Science, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China.
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Brain Function Remodeling, Jinan, Shandong, China.
- Department of Neurosurgery, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, 107 Wenhua Western Road, Jinan, 250012, Shandong, China.
| | - Gang Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine and Institute of Brain and Brain-Inspired Science, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China.
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Brain Function Remodeling, Jinan, Shandong, China.
- Department of Neurosurgery, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, 107 Wenhua Western Road, Jinan, 250012, Shandong, China.
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Liu K, Tsung K, Attenello FJ. Characterizing Cell Stress and GRP78 in Glioma to Enhance Tumor Treatment. Front Oncol 2020; 10:608911. [PMID: 33363039 PMCID: PMC7759649 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2020.608911] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2020] [Accepted: 11/11/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma (GBM) is the most common primary brain tumor, carrying a very poor prognosis, with median overall survival at about 12 to 15 months despite surgical resection, chemotherapy with temozolomide (TMZ), and radiation therapy. GBM recurs in the vast majority of patients, with recurrent tumors commonly displaying increase in resistance to standard of care chemotherapy, TMZ, as well as radiotherapy. One of the most commonly cited mechanisms of chemotherapeutic and radio-resistance occurs via the glucose-regulated protein 78 (GRP78), a well-studied mediator of the unfolded protein response (UPR), that has also demonstrated potential as a biomarker in GBM. Overexpression of GRP78 has been directly correlated with malignant tumor characteristics, including higher tumor grade, cellular proliferation, migration, invasion, poorer responses to TMZ and radiation therapy, and poorer patient outcomes. GRP78 expression is also higher in GBM tumor cells upon recurrence. Meanwhile, knockdown or suppression of GRP78 has been shown to sensitize cells to TMZ and radiation therapy. In light of these findings, various novel developing therapies are targeting GRP78 as monotherapies, combination therapies that enhance the effects of TMZ and radiation therapy, and as treatment delivery modalities. In this review, we delineate the mechanisms by which GRP78 has been noted to specifically modulate glioblastoma behavior and discuss current developing therapies involving GRP78 in GBM. While further research is necessary to translate these developing therapies into clinical settings, GRP78-based therapies hold promise in improving current standard-of-care GBM therapy and may ultimately lead to improved patient outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristie Liu
- Keck School of Medicine of the University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Kathleen Tsung
- Department of Neurosurgery, Keck School of Medicine of the University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Frank J Attenello
- Department of Neurosurgery, Keck School of Medicine of the University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States
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Gopal U, Pizzo SV. Cell surface GRP78 signaling: An emerging role as a transcriptional modulator in cancer. J Cell Physiol 2020; 236:2352-2363. [PMID: 32864780 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.30030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2020] [Revised: 08/07/2020] [Accepted: 08/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Cancer cells acquire dysregulated gene expression to establish specific transcriptional dependencies and their underlying mechanisms that are ultimately responsible for this addictions have not been fully elucidated. Glucose-regulated protein 78 (GRP78) is a stress-inducible, multifunctional, prosurvival, endoplasmic reticulum chaperone in the heat shock protein 70 family. Expression of cell surface GRP78 (CS-GRP78) is associated with increased malignant behavior and resistance to chemotherapy and radiotherapy by endowing various cancer cells with increased proliferative ability, altered metabolism, improved survival, and augmented invasive and metastatic potential. Emerging evidence has highlighted an unusual role of CS-GRP78 in regulating transcription factors (TFs) by mediating various signaling pathways involved in malignant transformation, metabolic reprogramming, and tumor progression. During the last decade, we targeted CS-GRP78 with C38 monoclonal antibody (C38 Mab) in numerous studies, which have highlighted the epigenetic interplay between CS-GRP78 and various TFs including c-MYC, Yes-associated protein/transcriptional coactivator with PDZ-binding motif, c-Fos, and histone acetylation to potentiate subsequent modulation of tumorigenesis, invasion, and metastasis. Here, we summarize the current state of knowledge about the role of CS-GRP78 in cancer development and progression, including epigenetic regulation and sheds light on CS-GRP78 as vulnerable target for cancer therapy. Overall, this review focuses on the mechanisms of TFs that are behind the transcriptional dysregulation in cancer and lays the groundwork for rational therapeutic use of C38 Mab based on CS-GRP78 biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Udhayakumar Gopal
- Department of Pathology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Salvatore V Pizzo
- Department of Pathology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina
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Radulovic V, van der Garde M, Koide S, Sigurdsson V, Lang S, Kaneko S, Miharada K. Junctional Adhesion Molecule 2 Represents a Subset of Hematopoietic Stem Cells with Enhanced Potential for T Lymphopoiesis. Cell Rep 2020; 27:2826-2836.e5. [PMID: 31167130 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2019.05.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2018] [Revised: 03/18/2019] [Accepted: 05/06/2019] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The distinct lineage potential is a key feature of hematopoietic stem cell (HSC) heterogeneity, but a subset of HSCs specialized for a single lymphoid compartment has not been identified. Here we report that HSCs expressing junctional adhesion molecule 2 (Jam2) at a higher level (Jam2high HSCs) have a greater T cell reconstitution capacity. Jam2high HSCs are metabolically dormant but preferentially differentiate toward lymphocytes, especially T cell lineages. Jam2high HSCs uniquely express T cell-related genes, and the interaction with Jam1 facilitates the Notch/Delta signaling pathway. Frequency of Jam2high HSCs changes upon T cell depletion in vivo, potentially suggesting that Jam2 expression may reflect scarcity of T cells and requirement of T cell replenishment. Our findings highlight Jam2 as a potential marker for a subfraction of HSCs with an extensive lymphopoietic capacity, mainly in T lymphopoiesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Visnja Radulovic
- Division of Molecular Medicine and Gene Therapy, Lund Stem Cell Center, Lund University, 22184 Lund, Sweden
| | - Mark van der Garde
- Division of Molecular Medicine and Gene Therapy, Lund Stem Cell Center, Lund University, 22184 Lund, Sweden
| | - Shuhei Koide
- Division of Molecular Medicine and Gene Therapy, Lund Stem Cell Center, Lund University, 22184 Lund, Sweden
| | - Valgardur Sigurdsson
- Division of Molecular Medicine and Gene Therapy, Lund Stem Cell Center, Lund University, 22184 Lund, Sweden
| | - Stefan Lang
- StemTherapy Bioinformatics Core Facility, Lund Stem Cell Center, Lund University, 22184 Lund, Sweden
| | - Shin Kaneko
- Center of iPS Cell Research and Application, Kyoto University, 606-8507 Kyoto, Japan
| | - Kenichi Miharada
- Division of Molecular Medicine and Gene Therapy, Lund Stem Cell Center, Lund University, 22184 Lund, Sweden.
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Rodrigues Sousa E, Zoni E, Karkampouna S, La Manna F, Gray PC, De Menna M, Kruithof-de Julio M. A Multidisciplinary Review of the Roles of Cripto in the Scientific Literature Through a Bibliometric Analysis of its Biological Roles. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:cancers12061480. [PMID: 32517087 PMCID: PMC7352664 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12061480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2020] [Revised: 06/01/2020] [Accepted: 06/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Cripto is a small glycosylphosphatidylinisitol (GPI)-anchored and secreted oncofetal protein that plays important roles in regulating normal physiological processes, including stem cell differentiation, embryonal development, and tissue growth and remodeling, as well as pathological processes such as tumor initiation and progression. Cripto functions as a co-receptor for TGF-β ligands such as Nodal, GDF1, and GDF3. Soluble and secreted forms of Cripto also exhibit growth factor-like activity and activate SRC/MAPK/PI3K/AKT pathways. Glucose-Regulated Protein 78 kDa (GRP78) binds Cripto at the cell surface and has been shown to be required for Cripto signaling via both TGF-β and SRC/MAPK/PI3K/AKT pathways. To provide a comprehensive overview of the scientific literature related to Cripto, we performed, for the first time, a bibliometric analysis of the biological roles of Cripto as reported in the scientific literature covering the last 10 years. We present different fields of knowledge in comprehensive areas of research on Cripto, ranging from basic to translational research, using a keyword-driven approach. Our ultimate aim is to aid the scientific community in conducting targeted research by identifying areas where research has been conducted so far and, perhaps more importantly, where critical knowledge is still missing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisa Rodrigues Sousa
- Department for Biomedical Research, Urology Research Laboratory, University of Bern, 3008 Bern, Switzerland; (E.R.S.); (E.Z.); (S.K.); (F.L.M.); (M.D.M.)
| | - Eugenio Zoni
- Department for Biomedical Research, Urology Research Laboratory, University of Bern, 3008 Bern, Switzerland; (E.R.S.); (E.Z.); (S.K.); (F.L.M.); (M.D.M.)
- Department of Urology, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, 3010 Bern, Switzerland
| | - Sofia Karkampouna
- Department for Biomedical Research, Urology Research Laboratory, University of Bern, 3008 Bern, Switzerland; (E.R.S.); (E.Z.); (S.K.); (F.L.M.); (M.D.M.)
| | - Federico La Manna
- Department for Biomedical Research, Urology Research Laboratory, University of Bern, 3008 Bern, Switzerland; (E.R.S.); (E.Z.); (S.K.); (F.L.M.); (M.D.M.)
- Department of Urology, Leiden University Medical Center, 2333 ZA Leiden, The Netherlands
| | | | - Marta De Menna
- Department for Biomedical Research, Urology Research Laboratory, University of Bern, 3008 Bern, Switzerland; (E.R.S.); (E.Z.); (S.K.); (F.L.M.); (M.D.M.)
| | - Marianna Kruithof-de Julio
- Department for Biomedical Research, Urology Research Laboratory, University of Bern, 3008 Bern, Switzerland; (E.R.S.); (E.Z.); (S.K.); (F.L.M.); (M.D.M.)
- Department of Urology, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, 3010 Bern, Switzerland
- Correspondence:
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Cell surface GRP78 promotes stemness in normal and neoplastic cells. Sci Rep 2020; 10:3474. [PMID: 32103065 PMCID: PMC7044190 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-60269-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2019] [Accepted: 01/31/2020] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Reliable approaches to identify stem cell mechanisms that mediate aggressive cancer could have great therapeutic value, based on the growing evidence of embryonic signatures in metastatic cancers. However, how to best identify and target stem-like mechanisms aberrantly acquired by cancer cells has been challenging. We harnessed the power of reprogramming to examine GRP78, a chaperone protein generally restricted to the endoplasmic reticulum in normal tissues, but which is expressed on the cell surface of human embryonic stem cells and many cancer types. We have discovered that (1) cell surface GRP78 (sGRP78) is expressed on iPSCs and is important in reprogramming, (2) sGRP78 promotes cellular functions in both pluripotent and breast cancer cells (3) overexpression of GRP78 in breast cancer cells leads to an induction of a CD24−/CD44+ tumor initiating cell (TIC) population (4) sGRP78+ breast cancer cells are enriched for stemness genes and appear to be a subset of TICs (5) sGRP78+ breast cancer cells show an enhanced ability to seed metastatic organ sites in vivo. These collective findings show that GRP78 has important functions in regulating both pluripotency and oncogenesis, and suggest that sGRP78 marks a stem-like population in breast cancer cells that has increased metastatic potential in vivo.
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Wierenga ATJ, Cunningham A, Erdem A, Lopera NV, Brouwers-Vos AZ, Pruis M, Mulder AB, Günther UL, Martens JHA, Vellenga E, Schuringa JJ. HIF1/2-exerted control over glycolytic gene expression is not functionally relevant for glycolysis in human leukemic stem/progenitor cells. Cancer Metab 2019; 7:11. [PMID: 31890203 PMCID: PMC6935105 DOI: 10.1186/s40170-019-0206-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2019] [Accepted: 12/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Hypoxia-inducible factors (HIF)1 and 2 are transcription factors that regulate the homeostatic response to low oxygen conditions. Since data related to the importance of HIF1 and 2 in hematopoietic stem and progenitors is conflicting, we investigated the chromatin binding profiles of HIF1 and HIF2 and linked that to transcriptional networks and the cellular metabolic state. Methods Genome-wide ChIPseq and ChIP-PCR experiments were performed to identify HIF1 and HIF2 binding sites in human acute myeloid leukemia (AML) cells and healthy CD34+ hematopoietic stem/progenitor cells. Transcriptome studies were performed to identify gene expression changes induced by hypoxia or by overexpression of oxygen-insensitive HIF1 and HIF2 mutants. Metabolism studies were performed by 1D-NMR, and glucose consumption and lactate production levels were determined by spectrophotometric enzyme assays. CRISPR-CAS9-mediated HIF1, HIF2, and ARNT-/- lines were generated to study the functional consequences upon loss of HIF signaling, in vitro and in vivo upon transplantation of knockout lines in xenograft mice. Results Genome-wide ChIP-seq and transcriptome studies revealed that overlapping HIF1- and HIF2-controlled loci were highly enriched for various processes including metabolism, particularly glucose metabolism, but also for chromatin organization, cellular response to stress and G protein-coupled receptor signaling. ChIP-qPCR validation studies confirmed that glycolysis-related genes but not genes related to the TCA cycle or glutaminolysis were controlled by both HIF1 and HIF2 in leukemic cell lines and primary AMLs, while in healthy human CD34+ cells these loci were predominantly controlled by HIF1 and not HIF2. However, and in contrast to our initial hypotheses, CRISPR/Cas9-mediated knockout of HIF signaling did not affect growth, internal metabolite concentrations, glucose consumption or lactate production under hypoxia, not even in vivo upon transplantation of knockout cells into xenograft mice. Conclusion These data indicate that, while HIFs exert control over glycolysis but not OxPHOS gene expression in human leukemic cells, this is not critically important for their metabolic state. In contrast, inhibition of BCR-ABL did impact on glucose consumption and lactate production regardless of the presence of HIFs. These data indicate that oncogene-mediated control over glycolysis can occur independently of hypoxic signaling modules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Albertus T J Wierenga
- Department of Experimental Hematology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Hanzeplein 1, Groningen, 9700RB The Netherlands.,Department of Laboratory Medicine, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Hanzeplein 1, 9700RB Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Alan Cunningham
- Department of Experimental Hematology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Hanzeplein 1, Groningen, 9700RB The Netherlands
| | - Ayşegül Erdem
- Department of Experimental Hematology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Hanzeplein 1, Groningen, 9700RB The Netherlands
| | | | - Annet Z Brouwers-Vos
- Department of Experimental Hematology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Hanzeplein 1, Groningen, 9700RB The Netherlands
| | - Maurien Pruis
- Department of Experimental Hematology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Hanzeplein 1, Groningen, 9700RB The Netherlands
| | - André B Mulder
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Hanzeplein 1, 9700RB Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Ulrich L Günther
- 3Institute of Cancer and Genomic Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Joost H A Martens
- 4Department of Molecular Biology, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences (RIMLS), Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Edo Vellenga
- Department of Experimental Hematology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Hanzeplein 1, Groningen, 9700RB The Netherlands
| | - Jan Jacob Schuringa
- Department of Experimental Hematology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Hanzeplein 1, Groningen, 9700RB The Netherlands
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Hosokawa K, Mizumaki H, Elbadry MI, Saito C, Espinoza JL, Thi Thanh Dao A, Katagiri T, Harashima A, Kikuchi A, Kanai A, Matsui H, Inaba T, Taniwaki M, Yamamoto Y, Nakao S. Clonal hematopoiesis by SLIT1-mutated hematopoietic stem cells due to a breakdown of the autocrine loop involving Slit1 in acquired aplastic anemia. Leukemia 2019; 33:2732-2766. [PMID: 31186493 DOI: 10.1038/s41375-019-0510-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2019] [Revised: 04/23/2019] [Accepted: 05/01/2019] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kohei Hosokawa
- Department of Hematology & Respirology, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Hiroki Mizumaki
- Department of Hematology & Respirology, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Mahmoud I Elbadry
- Department of Hematology & Respirology, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Chizuru Saito
- Department of Hematology & Respirology, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - J Luis Espinoza
- Department of Hematology & Respirology, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - An Thi Thanh Dao
- Department of Hematology & Respirology, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan
- Pediatric Department, University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
| | - Takamasa Katagiri
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Ai Harashima
- Department of Biochemistry, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Akihiro Kikuchi
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Kanazawa University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kanazawa, Japan
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Homeostatic Regulation, National Institute for Physiological Sciences, National Institute of Natural Sciences, Okazaki, Japan
| | - Akinori Kanai
- Research Institute for Radiation Biology and Medicine, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Hirotaka Matsui
- Research Institute for Radiation Biology and Medicine, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Toshiya Inaba
- Research Institute for Radiation Biology and Medicine, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Masafumi Taniwaki
- Department of Hematology, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | | | - Shinji Nakao
- Department of Hematology & Respirology, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan.
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PPM1K Regulates Hematopoiesis and Leukemogenesis through CDC20-Mediated Ubiquitination of MEIS1 and p21. Cell Rep 2019; 23:1461-1475. [PMID: 29719258 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2018.03.140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2017] [Revised: 01/08/2018] [Accepted: 03/29/2018] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
In addition to acting as building blocks for biosynthesis, amino acids might serve as signaling regulators in various physiological and pathological processes. However, it remains unknown whether amino acid levels affect the activities of hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs). By using a genetically encoded fluorescent sensor of the intracellular levels of branched-chain amino acids (BCAAs), we could monitor the dynamics of BCAA metabolism in HSCs. A mitochondrial-targeted 2C-type Ser/Thr protein phosphatase (PPM1K) promotes the catabolism of BCAAs to maintain MEIS1 and p21 levels by decreasing the ubiquitination-mediated degradation controlled by the E3 ubiquitin ligase CDC20. PPM1K deficiency led to a notable decrease in MEIS1/p21 signaling to reduce the glycolysis and quiescence of HSCs, followed by a severe impairment in repopulation activities. Moreover, the deletion of Ppm1k dramatically extended survival in a murine leukemia model. These findings will enhance the current understanding of nutrient signaling in metabolism and function of stem cells.
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Abstract
Hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) are considered to originate from the aorta-gonad-mesonephros, migrate into fetal liver for a rapid expansion, and eventually reside into a unique hypoxic bone marrow niche, where they maintain their homeostasis throughout their life span. HSCs have been widely used for the treatment of many begin or malignant hematopoietic disorders. However, the unavailability of sufficient amount of HSCs still impedes their applications in the clinic. It is urgent to understand how HSC stemness or cell fates are determined at different developmental stages. Although many intrinsic and extrinsic factors (niche components) have been identified in the regulation of HSC origination, expansion, migration, and localization, the underlying mechanisms remain largely unknown. In this article, we summarize current views on the metabolic profiles of HSCs and related regulatory networks, which shows that intrinsic metabolic regulation may be critical for the cell fate determinations of HSCs: HSCs utilize glycolysis as their major energy sources; mitochondrial respiration is also required for the homeostasis of HSCs; amino acids, lipids, or other nutrient metabolisms also have unique roles in sustaining HSC activities. Mechanistically, many important regulatory pathways, such as MEIS1/HIF1A, MYC, PPM1K/CDC20, and ROS signals, are identified to fine-tune the nutrient metabolisms and cell fate commitments in HSCs. Nevertheless, more effort is required for the optimization or establishment of sensitive and specific metabolic techniques/systems for the metabolism studies in HSCs with limited cell numbers and exploring the metabolic profiles and fundamental regulatory mechanisms of different types of nutrients at each developmental stage of HSCs.
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Betulinic Acid Suppresses Breast Cancer Metastasis by Targeting GRP78-Mediated Glycolysis and ER Stress Apoptotic Pathway. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2019; 2019:8781690. [PMID: 31531187 PMCID: PMC6721262 DOI: 10.1155/2019/8781690] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2019] [Accepted: 07/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Targeting aberrant metabolism is a promising strategy for inhibiting cancer growth and metastasis. Research is now geared towards investigating the inhibition of glycolysis for anticancer drug development. Betulinic acid (BA) has demonstrated potent anticancer activities in multiple malignancies. However, its regulatory effects on glycolysis and the underlying molecular mechanisms are still unclear. BA inhibited invasion and migration of highly aggressive breast cancer cells. Moreover, BA could suppress aerobic glycolysis of breast cancer cells presenting as a reduction of lactate production, quiescent energy phenotype transition, and downregulation of aerobic glycolysis-related proteins. In this study, glucose-regulated protein 78 (GRP78) was also identified as the molecular target of BA in inhibiting aerobic glycolysis. BA treatment led to GRP78 overexpression, and GRP78 knockdown abrogated the inhibitory effect of BA on glycolysis. Further studies demonstrated that overexpressed GRP78 activated the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress sensor PERK. Subsequent phosphorylation of eIF2α led to the inhibition of β-catenin expression, which resulted in the inhibition of c-Myc-mediated glycolysis. Coimmunoprecipitation assay revealed that BA interrupted the binding between GRP78 and PERK, thereby initiating the glycolysis inhibition cascade. Finally, the lung colonization model validated that BA inhibited breast cancer metastasis in vivo, as well as suppressed the expression of aerobic glycolysis-related proteins. In conclusion, our study not only provided a promising drug for aerobic glycolysis inhibition but also revealed that GRP78 is a novel molecular link between glycolytic metabolism and ER stress during tumor metastasis.
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Sandomenico A, Ruvo M. Targeting Nodal and Cripto-1: Perspectives Inside Dual Potential Theranostic Cancer Biomarkers. Curr Med Chem 2019; 26:1994-2050. [PMID: 30207211 DOI: 10.2174/0929867325666180912104707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2018] [Revised: 07/13/2018] [Accepted: 07/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Elucidating the mechanisms of recurrence of embryonic signaling pathways in tumorigenesis has led to the discovery of onco-fetal players which have physiological roles during normal development but result aberrantly re-activated in tumors. In this context, Nodal and Cripto-1 are recognized as onco-developmental factors, which are absent in normal tissues but are overexpressed in several solid tumors where they can serve as theranostic agents. OBJECTIVE To collect, review and discuss the most relevant papers related to the involvement of Nodal and Cripto-1 in the development, progression, recurrence and metastasis of several tumors where they are over-expressed, with a particular attention to their occurrence on the surface of the corresponding sub-populations of cancer stem cells (CSC). RESULTS We have gathered, rationalized and discussed the most interesting findings extracted from some 370 papers related to the involvement of Cripto-1 and Nodal in all tumor types where they have been detected. Data demonstrate the clear connection between Nodal and Cripto-1 presence and their multiple oncogenic activities across different tumors. We have also reviewed and highlighted the potential of targeting Nodal, Cripto-1 and the complexes that they form on the surface of tumor cells, especially of CSC, as an innovative approach to detect and suppress tumors with molecules that block one or more mechanisms that they regulate. CONCLUSION Overall, Nodal and Cripto-1 represent two innovative and effective biomarkers for developing potential theranostic anti-tumor agents that target normal as well as CSC subpopulations and overcome both pharmacological resistance and tumor relapse.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annamaria Sandomenico
- Istituto di Biostrutture e Bioimmagini, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (IBB-CNR), via Mezzocannone, 16, 80134, Napoli, Italy
| | - Menotti Ruvo
- Istituto di Biostrutture e Bioimmagini, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (IBB-CNR), via Mezzocannone, 16, 80134, Napoli, Italy
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The Best for the Most Important: Maintaining a Pristine Proteome in Stem and Progenitor Cells. Stem Cells Int 2019; 2019:1608787. [PMID: 31191665 PMCID: PMC6525796 DOI: 10.1155/2019/1608787] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2018] [Accepted: 03/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Pluripotent stem cells give rise to reproductively enabled offsprings by generating progressively lineage-restricted multipotent stem cells that would differentiate into lineage-committed stem and progenitor cells. These lineage-committed stem and progenitor cells give rise to all adult tissues and organs. Adult stem and progenitor cells are generated as part of the developmental program and play critical roles in tissue and organ maintenance and/or regeneration. The ability of pluripotent stem cells to self-renew, maintain pluripotency, and differentiate into a multicellular organism is highly dependent on sensing and integrating extracellular and extraorganismal cues. Proteins perform and integrate almost all cellular functions including signal transduction, regulation of gene expression, metabolism, and cell division and death. Therefore, maintenance of an appropriate mix of correctly folded proteins, a pristine proteome, is essential for proper stem cell function. The stem cells' proteome must be pristine because unfolded, misfolded, or otherwise damaged proteins would interfere with unlimited self-renewal, maintenance of pluripotency, differentiation into downstream lineages, and consequently with the development of properly functioning tissue and organs. Understanding how various stem cells generate and maintain a pristine proteome is therefore essential for exploiting their potential in regenerative medicine and possibly for the discovery of novel approaches for maintaining, propagating, and differentiating pluripotent, multipotent, and adult stem cells as well as induced pluripotent stem cells. In this review, we will summarize cellular networks used by various stem cells for generation and maintenance of a pristine proteome. We will also explore the coordination of these networks with one another and their integration with the gene regulatory and signaling networks.
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Roy IM, Biswas A, Verfaillie C, Khurana S. Energy Producing Metabolic Pathways in Functional Regulation of the Hematopoietic Stem Cells. IUBMB Life 2019; 70:612-624. [PMID: 29999238 DOI: 10.1002/iub.1870] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2018] [Accepted: 04/20/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The hematopoietic system has a very well-studied hierarchy with the long-term (LT) hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) taking the top position. The pool of quiescent adult LT-HSCs generated during the fetal and early postnatal life acts as a reservoir to supply all the blood cells. Therefore, the maintenance of this stem cell pool is pivotal to maintaining homeostasis in hematopoietic system. It has long been known that external cues, along with the internal genetic factors influence the status of HSCs in the bone marrow (BM). Hypoxia is one such factor that regulates the vascular as well as hematopoietic ontogeny from a very early time point in development. The metabolic outcomes of a hypoxic microenvironment play important roles in functional regulation of HSCs, especially in case of adult BM HSCs. Anaerobic metabolic pathways therefore perform prominent role in meeting energy demands. Increased oxidative pathways on the other hand result in loss of stemness. Recent studies have attributed the functional differences in HSCs across different life stages to their metabolic phenotypes regulated by respective niches. Indicating thus, that various energy production pathways could play distinct role in regulating HSC function at different developmental/physiological states. Here, we review the current status of our understanding over the role that energy production pathways play in regulating HSC stemness. © 2018 IUBMB Life, 70(7):612-624, 2018.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irene M Roy
- School of Biology, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, India
| | - Atreyi Biswas
- School of Biology, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, India
| | | | - Satish Khurana
- School of Biology, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, India
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Mohammad K, Dakik P, Medkour Y, Mitrofanova D, Titorenko VI. Quiescence Entry, Maintenance, and Exit in Adult Stem Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20092158. [PMID: 31052375 PMCID: PMC6539837 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20092158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2019] [Revised: 04/24/2019] [Accepted: 04/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Cells of unicellular and multicellular eukaryotes can respond to certain environmental cues by arresting the cell cycle and entering a reversible state of quiescence. Quiescent cells do not divide, but can re-enter the cell cycle and resume proliferation if exposed to some signals from the environment. Quiescent cells in mammals and humans include adult stem cells. These cells exhibit improved stress resistance and enhanced survival ability. In response to certain extrinsic signals, adult stem cells can self-renew by dividing asymmetrically. Such asymmetric divisions not only allow the maintenance of a population of quiescent cells, but also yield daughter progenitor cells. A multistep process of the controlled proliferation of these progenitor cells leads to the formation of one or more types of fully differentiated cells. An age-related decline in the ability of adult stem cells to balance quiescence maintenance and regulated proliferation has been implicated in many aging-associated diseases. In this review, we describe many traits shared by different types of quiescent adult stem cells. We discuss how these traits contribute to the quiescence, self-renewal, and proliferation of adult stem cells. We examine the cell-intrinsic mechanisms that allow establishing and sustaining the characteristic traits of adult stem cells, thereby regulating quiescence entry, maintenance, and exit.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karamat Mohammad
- Department of Biology, Concordia University, 7141 Sherbrooke Street, West, SP Building, Room 501-13, Montreal, QC H4B 1R6, Canada.
| | - Paméla Dakik
- Department of Biology, Concordia University, 7141 Sherbrooke Street, West, SP Building, Room 501-13, Montreal, QC H4B 1R6, Canada.
| | - Younes Medkour
- Department of Biology, Concordia University, 7141 Sherbrooke Street, West, SP Building, Room 501-13, Montreal, QC H4B 1R6, Canada.
| | - Darya Mitrofanova
- Department of Biology, Concordia University, 7141 Sherbrooke Street, West, SP Building, Room 501-13, Montreal, QC H4B 1R6, Canada.
| | - Vladimir I Titorenko
- Department of Biology, Concordia University, 7141 Sherbrooke Street, West, SP Building, Room 501-13, Montreal, QC H4B 1R6, Canada.
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Dauer P, Sharma NS, Gupta VK, Durden B, Hadad R, Banerjee S, Dudeja V, Saluja A, Banerjee S. ER stress sensor, glucose regulatory protein 78 (GRP78) regulates redox status in pancreatic cancer thereby maintaining "stemness". Cell Death Dis 2019; 10:132. [PMID: 30755605 PMCID: PMC6372649 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-019-1408-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2018] [Revised: 01/25/2019] [Accepted: 01/28/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress and the unfolded protein response (UPR) signaling have been shown to be dysregulated in multiple cancer types. Glucose regulatory protein 78 (GRP78), the master regulator of the UPR, plays a role in proliferation, invasion, and metastasis in cancer. Cancer stem cells (CSCs) make up a crucial component of the tumor heterogeneity in pancreatic cancer, as well as other cancers. “Stemness” in pancreatic cancer defines a population of cells within the tumor that have increased therapeutic resistance as well as survival advantage. In the current study, we investigated how GRP78 was responsible for maintaining “stemness” in pancreatic cancer thereby contributing to its aggressive biology. We determined that GRP78 downregulation decreased clonogenicity and self-renewal properties in pancreatic cancer cell lines in vitro. In vivo studies resulted in delayed tumor initiation frequency, as well as smaller tumor volume in the shGRP78 groups. Additionally, downregulation of GRP78 resulted in dysregulated fatty acid metabolism in pancreatic tumors as well as the cells. Further, our results showed that shGRP78 dysregulates multiple transcriptomic and proteomic pathways that involve DNA damage, oxidative stress, and cell death, that were reversed upon treatment with a ROS inhibitor, N-acetylcysteine. This study thus demonstrates for the first time that the heightened UPR in pancreatic cancer may be responsible for maintenance of the “stemness” properties in these cells that are attributed to aggressive properties like chemoresistance and metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patricia Dauer
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, 55455, USA.,Department of Surgery, University of Miami, Miami, FL, USA
| | | | - Vineet K Gupta
- Department of Surgery, University of Miami, Miami, FL, USA.,Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, Miami, FL, USA
| | | | - Roey Hadad
- Department of Surgery, University of Miami, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Santanu Banerjee
- Department of Surgery, University of Miami, Miami, FL, USA.,Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Vikas Dudeja
- Department of Surgery, University of Miami, Miami, FL, USA.,Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Ashok Saluja
- Department of Surgery, University of Miami, Miami, FL, USA.,Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Sulagna Banerjee
- Department of Surgery, University of Miami, Miami, FL, USA. .,Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, Miami, FL, USA.
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Metabolic Regulations in Hematopoietic Stem Cells. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2019; 1143:59-74. [PMID: 31338815 DOI: 10.1007/978-981-13-7342-8_3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
One of the bottlenecks of the treatments for malignant hematopoietic disorders is the unavailability of sufficient amount of hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs). HSCs are considered to be originated from the aorta-gonad-mesonephros and gradually migrates into fetal liver and resides in a unique microenvironment/niche of bone marrow. Although many intrinsic and extrinsic factors (niche components) are reported to be involved in the origination, maturation, migration, and localization of HSCs at different developmental stages, the detailed molecular mechanisms still remain largely unknown. Previous studies have shown that intrinsic metabolic networks may be critical for the cell fate determinations of HSCs. For example, HSCs mainly utilize glycolysis as the main energy sources; oxidative phosphorylation is required for the homeostasis of HSCs; lipid or amino acid metabolisms may also sustain HSC stemness. Mechanistically, lots of regulatory pathways, such as MEIS1/HIF1A and PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling, are found to fine-tune the different nutrient metabolisms and cell fate commitments of HSCs. However, more efforts are required for the optimization and establishment of precise metabolic techniques specific for the HSCs with relatively rare cell frequency and understanding of the basic metabolic properties and their underlying regulatory mechanisms of different nutrients (such as glucose) during the different developmental stages of HSCs.
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41
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Hoover M, Runa F, Booker E, Diedrich JK, Duell E, Williams B, Arellano-Garcia C, Uhlendorf T, La Kim S, Fischer W, Moresco J, Gray PC, Kelber JA. Identification of myosin II as a cripto binding protein and regulator of cripto function in stem cells and tissue regeneration. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2018; 509:69-75. [PMID: 30579599 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2018.12.059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2018] [Accepted: 12/07/2018] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Cripto regulates stem cell function in normal and disease contexts via TGFbeta/activin/nodal, PI3K/Akt, MAPK and Wnt signaling. Still, the molecular mechanisms that govern these pleiotropic functions of Cripto remain poorly understood. We performed an unbiased screen for novel Cripto binding proteins using proteomics-based methods, and identified novel proteins including members of myosin II complexes, the actin cytoskeleton, the cellular stress response, and extracellular exosomes. We report that myosin II, and upstream ROCK1/2 activities are required for localization of Cripto to cytoplasm/membrane domains and its subsequent release into the conditioned media fraction of cultured cells. Functionally, we demonstrate that soluble Cripto (one-eyed pinhead in zebrafish) promotes proliferation in mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) and stem cell-mediated wound healing in the zebrafish caudal fin model of regeneration. Notably, we demonstrate that both Cripto and myosin II inhibitors attenuated regeneration to a similar degree and in a non-additive manner. Taken together, our data present a novel role for myosin II function in regulating subcellular Cripto localization and function in stem cells and an important regulatory mechanism of tissue regeneration. Importantly, these insights may further the development of context-dependent Cripto agonists and antagonists for therapeutic benefit.
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Affiliation(s)
- Malachia Hoover
- Department of Biology, California State University Northridge, USA
| | - Farhana Runa
- Department of Biology, California State University Northridge, USA
| | - Evan Booker
- Clayton Foundation for Peptide Biology, The Salk Institute for Biological Studies, USA
| | - Jolene K Diedrich
- Mass Spectrometry Core, The Salk Institute for Biological Studies, USA
| | - Erika Duell
- Department of Biology, California State University Northridge, USA
| | - Blake Williams
- Department of Biology, California State University Northridge, USA
| | | | - Toni Uhlendorf
- Department of Biology, California State University Northridge, USA
| | - Sa La Kim
- Department of Biology, California State University Northridge, USA
| | - Wolfgang Fischer
- Clayton Foundation for Peptide Biology, The Salk Institute for Biological Studies, USA
| | - James Moresco
- Mass Spectrometry Core, The Salk Institute for Biological Studies, USA
| | - Peter C Gray
- Clayton Foundation for Peptide Biology, The Salk Institute for Biological Studies, USA
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42
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Ogawa S, Matsuoka Y, Takada M, Matsui K, Yamane F, Kubota E, Yasuhara S, Hieda K, Kanayama N, Hatano N, Tokumitsu H, Magari M. Interleukin 34 (IL-34) cell-surface localization regulated by the molecular chaperone 78-kDa glucose-regulated protein facilitates the differentiation of monocytic cells. J Biol Chem 2018; 294:2386-2396. [PMID: 30573681 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.ra118.006226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2018] [Revised: 12/07/2018] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Interleukin 34 (IL-34) constitutes a cytokine that shares a common receptor, colony-stimulating factor-1 receptor (CSF-1R), with CSF-1. We recently identified a novel type of monocytic cell termed follicular dendritic cell-induced monocytic cells (FDMCs), whose differentiation depended on CSF-1R signaling through the IL-34 produced from a follicular dendritic cell line, FL-Y. Here, we report the functional mechanisms of the IL-34-mediated CSF-1R signaling underlying FDMC differentiation. CRIPSR/Cas9-mediated knockout of the Il34 gene confirmed that the ability of FL-Y cells to induce FDMCs completely depends on the IL-34 expressed by FL-Y cells. Transwell culture experiments revealed that FDMC differentiation requires a signal from a membrane-anchored form of IL-34 on the FL-Y cell surface, but not from a secreted form, in a direct interaction between FDMC precursor cells and FL-Y cells. Furthermore, flow cytometric analysis using an anti-IL-34 antibody indicated that IL-34 was also expressed on the FL-Y cell surface. Thus, we explored proteins interacting with IL-34 in FL-Y cells. Mass spectrometry analysis and pulldown assay identified that IL-34 was associated with the molecular chaperone 78-kDa glucose-regulated protein (GRP78) in the plasma membrane fraction of FL-Y cells. Consistent with this finding, GRP78-heterozygous FL-Y cells expressed a lower level of IL-34 protein on their cell surface and exhibited a reduced competency to induce FDMC differentiation compared with the original FL-Y cells. These results indicated a novel GRP78-dependent localization and specific function of IL-34 in FL-Y cells related to monocytic cell differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sayaka Ogawa
- From the Division of Medical Bioengineering, Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology
| | - Yukiko Matsuoka
- From the Division of Medical Bioengineering, Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology
| | - Miho Takada
- From the Division of Medical Bioengineering, Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology
| | - Kazue Matsui
- From the Division of Medical Bioengineering, Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology
| | - Fumihiro Yamane
- From the Division of Medical Bioengineering, Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology
| | - Eri Kubota
- the Department of Applied Chemistry and Biotechnology, Faculty of Engineering, and
| | - Shiori Yasuhara
- From the Division of Medical Bioengineering, Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology
| | - Kentaro Hieda
- From the Division of Medical Bioengineering, Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology
| | - Naoki Kanayama
- From the Division of Medical Bioengineering, Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology.,the Laboratory of Applied Cell Biology, Graduate School of Interdisciplinary Science and Engineering in Health Systems, Okayama University, Tsushima-Naka 3-1-1, Kita-ku, Okayama 700-8530, Japan
| | - Naoya Hatano
- the Laboratory of Applied Cell Biology, Graduate School of Interdisciplinary Science and Engineering in Health Systems, Okayama University, Tsushima-Naka 3-1-1, Kita-ku, Okayama 700-8530, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Tokumitsu
- From the Division of Medical Bioengineering, Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology.,the Laboratory of Applied Cell Biology, Graduate School of Interdisciplinary Science and Engineering in Health Systems, Okayama University, Tsushima-Naka 3-1-1, Kita-ku, Okayama 700-8530, Japan
| | - Masaki Magari
- From the Division of Medical Bioengineering, Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, .,the Laboratory of Applied Cell Biology, Graduate School of Interdisciplinary Science and Engineering in Health Systems, Okayama University, Tsushima-Naka 3-1-1, Kita-ku, Okayama 700-8530, Japan
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Mousset CM, Hobo W, Ji Y, Fredrix H, De Giorgi V, Allison RD, Kester MGD, Falkenburg JHF, Schaap NPM, Jansen JH, Gattinoni L, Dolstra H, van der Waart AB. Ex vivo AKT-inhibition facilitates generation of polyfunctional stem cell memory-like CD8 + T cells for adoptive immunotherapy. Oncoimmunology 2018; 7:e1488565. [PMID: 30288356 PMCID: PMC6169586 DOI: 10.1080/2162402x.2018.1488565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2018] [Accepted: 06/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Adoptive T cell therapy has shown clinical potential for patients with cancer, though effective treatment is dependent on longevity and potency of the exploited tumor-reactive T cells. Previously, we showed that ex vivo inhibition of AKT using the research compound Akt-inhibitor VIII retained differentiation and improved functionality of minor histocompatibility antigen (MiHA)-specific CD8+ T cells. Here, we compared a panel of clinically applicable AKT-inhibitors with an allosteric or adenosine triphosphate-competitive mode of action. We analyzed phenotype, functionality, metabolism and transcriptome of AKT-inhibited CD8+ T cells using different T cell activation models. Most inhibitors facilitated T cell expansion while preserving an early memory phenotype, reflected by maintenance of CD62L, CCR7 and CXCR4 expression. Moreover, transcriptome profiling revealed that AKT-inhibited CD8+ T cells clustered closely to naturally occurring stem cell-memory CD8+ T cells, while control T cells resembled effector-memory T cells. Interestingly, AKT-inhibited CD8+ T cells showed enrichment of hypoxia-associated genes, which was consistent with enhanced glycolytic function. Notably, AKT-inhibition during MiHA-specific CD8+ T cell priming uncoupled preservation of early memory differentiation from ex vivo expansion. Furthermore, AKT-inhibited MiHA-specific CD8+ T cells showed increased polyfunctionality with co-secretion of IFN-γ and IL-2 upon antigen recall. Together, these data demonstrate that AKT-inhibitors with different modality of action promote the ex vivo generation of stem cell memory-like CD8+ T cells with a unique metabolic profile and retained polyfunctionality. Akt-inhibitor VIII and GDC-0068 outperformed other inhibitors, and are therefore promising candidates for ex vivo generation of superior tumor-reactive T cells for adoptive immunotherapy in cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charlotte M Mousset
- Department of Laboratory Medicine - Laboratory of Hematology; Radboud Institute of Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Willemijn Hobo
- Department of Laboratory Medicine - Laboratory of Hematology; Radboud Institute of Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Yun Ji
- Experimental Transplantation and Immunology, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Hanny Fredrix
- Department of Laboratory Medicine - Laboratory of Hematology; Radboud Institute of Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Valeria De Giorgi
- Infectious Diseases Section, Department of Transfusion Medicine, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Robert D Allison
- Infectious Diseases Section, Department of Transfusion Medicine, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Michel G D Kester
- Department of Hematology - Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - J H Frederik Falkenburg
- Department of Hematology - Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Nicolaas P M Schaap
- Department of Hematology, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Joop H Jansen
- Department of Laboratory Medicine - Laboratory of Hematology; Radboud Institute of Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Luca Gattinoni
- Experimental Transplantation and Immunology, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Harry Dolstra
- Department of Laboratory Medicine - Laboratory of Hematology; Radboud Institute of Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Anniek B van der Waart
- Department of Laboratory Medicine - Laboratory of Hematology; Radboud Institute of Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
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44
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Sigurdsson V, Miharada K. Regulation of unfolded protein response in hematopoietic stem cells. Int J Hematol 2018; 107:627-633. [PMID: 29725845 DOI: 10.1007/s12185-018-2458-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2018] [Accepted: 04/24/2018] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) play a central role in hematopoietic regeneration, which has been demonstrated by thorough studies. In contrast, the cell cycle status and metabolic condition of HSCs define these cells as dormant. Recent studies have also revealed that protein metabolism is quite unique, as dormant HSCs have a lower protein synthesis rate and folding capacity. Under proliferative conditions, upon hematopoietic stress, HSCs need to deal with higher requirements of protein production to achieve fast and effective blood replenishment. In such cases, increased protein synthesis could exceed the capacity of precise protein quality control, leading to the accumulation of unfolded and misfolded proteins. In turn, this triggers endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress as a part of the unfolded protein response (UPR). Since ER stress is a multi-layered, bidirectional cellular response that contains both positive (survival) and negative (death) reactions, proper management of UPR and ER stress signals is crucial for HSCs and also for maintaining the healthy hematopoietic system. In this review, we introduce the latest findings in this emerging field within hematopoiesis and HSC regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valgardur Sigurdsson
- Division of Molecular Medicine and Gene Therapy, Lund Stem Cell Center, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Kenichi Miharada
- Division of Molecular Medicine and Gene Therapy, Lund Stem Cell Center, Lund University, Lund, Sweden.
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45
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Zhang H, Menzies KJ, Auwerx J. The role of mitochondria in stem cell fate and aging. Development 2018; 145:145/8/dev143420. [PMID: 29654217 DOI: 10.1242/dev.143420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 180] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The importance of mitochondria in energy metabolism, signal transduction and aging in post-mitotic tissues has been well established. Recently, the crucial role of mitochondrial-linked signaling in stem cell function has come to light and the importance of mitochondria in mediating stem cell activity is becoming increasingly recognized. Despite the fact that many stem cells exhibit low mitochondrial content and a reliance on mitochondrial-independent glycolytic metabolism for energy, accumulating evidence has implicated the importance of mitochondrial function in stem cell activation, fate decisions and defense against senescence. In this Review, we discuss the recent advances that link mitochondrial metabolism, homeostasis, stress responses, and dynamics to stem cell function, particularly in the context of disease and aging. This Review will also highlight some recent progress in mitochondrial therapeutics that may present attractive strategies for improving stem cell function as a basis for regenerative medicine and healthy aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongbo Zhang
- Key Laboratory for Stem Cells and Tissue Engineering, Ministry of Education, Sun-Yat Sen University, 510080, Guangzhou, China.,Laboratory of Integrative and Systems Physiology, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, CH-1015, Switzerland
| | - Keir J Menzies
- Interdisciplinary School of Health Sciences, University of Ottawa Brain and Mind Research Institute and Centre for Neuromuscular Disease, Ottawa, Canada, K1H 8M5
| | - Johan Auwerx
- Laboratory of Integrative and Systems Physiology, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, CH-1015, Switzerland
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46
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Chang CW, Chen YS, Tsay YG, Han CL, Chen YJ, Yang CC, Hung KF, Lin CH, Huang TY, Kao SY, Lee TC, Lo JF. ROS-independent ER stress-mediated NRF2 activation promotes warburg effect to maintain stemness-associated properties of cancer-initiating cells. Cell Death Dis 2018; 9:194. [PMID: 29416012 PMCID: PMC5833380 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-017-0250-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2017] [Revised: 12/08/2017] [Accepted: 12/12/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Cancer-initiating cells (CICs) are responsible for tumor initiation, progression, and therapeutic resistance; moreover, redox homeostasis is important in regulating cancer stemness. Previously, we have identified that cancer cells containing low intracellular reactive oxygen species levels (ROSLow cells) display enhanced features of CICs. However, the specific metabolic signatures of CICs remain unclear and are required for further characterization by systemic screenings. Herein, we first showed CICs mainly relying on glycolysis that was important for the maintenance of stemness properties. Next, we revealed that NRF2, a master regulator of antioxidants, was able to maintain low intracellular ROS levels of CICs, even though in the absence of oxidative stress. We further characterized that NRF2 activation was required for the maintenance of CICs properties. Of ROSLow cells, NRF2 activation not only directly activates the transcription of genes encoding glycolytic enzymes but also inhibited the conversion of pyruvate to acetyl-CoA by directly activating pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase 1 (PDK1) to lead to inhibition of tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle; therefore, to promote Warburg effect. A positive regulatory ROS-independent ER stress pathway (GRP78/p-PERK/NRF2 signaling) was identified to mediate the metabolic shift (Warburg effect) and stemness of CICs. Lastly, co-expression of p-PERK and p-NRF2 was significantly associated with the clinical outcome. Our data show that NRF2 acting as a central node in the maintenance of low ROS levels and stemness associated properties of the CICs, which is significantly associated with the clinical outcome, but independent from ROS stress. Future treatments by inhibiting NRF2 activation may exhibit great potential in targeting CICs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ching-Wen Chang
- Institute of Oral Biology, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Syuan Chen
- Institute of Oral Biology, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yeou-Guang Tsay
- Department of Biotechnology and Laboratory Science in Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Li Han
- Institute of Chemistry, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Ju Chen
- Institute of Chemistry, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Cheng-Chieh Yang
- Department of Dentistry, School of Dentistry, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Kai-Feng Hung
- Department of Dentistry, School of Dentistry, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Department of Medical Research and Education, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chao-Hsiung Lin
- Department of Life Sciences and Institute of Genome Sciences, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Tsung-Yen Huang
- Department of Life Sciences and Institute of Genome Sciences, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Shou-Yen Kao
- Department of Dentistry, School of Dentistry, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Te-Chang Lee
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Jeng-Fan Lo
- Institute of Oral Biology, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan. .,Genome Research Center, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan. .,Graduate Institute of Chinese Medical Science and Institute of Medical Science, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan. .,Department of Dentistry, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan. .,National Yang-Ming University VGH Genome Research Center, Taipei, Taiwan.
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47
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Staquicini DI, D'Angelo S, Ferrara F, Karjalainen K, Sharma G, Smith TL, Tarleton CA, Jaalouk DE, Kuniyasu A, Baze WB, Chaffee BK, Hanley PW, Barnhart KF, Koivunen E, Marchiò S, Sidman RL, Cortes JE, Kantarjian HM, Arap W, Pasqualini R. Therapeutic targeting of membrane-associated GRP78 in leukemia and lymphoma: preclinical efficacy in vitro and formal toxicity study of BMTP-78 in rodents and primates. THE PHARMACOGENOMICS JOURNAL 2017; 18:436-443. [PMID: 29205207 DOI: 10.1038/tpj.2017.46] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2017] [Revised: 06/19/2017] [Accepted: 06/30/2017] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Translation of drug candidates into clinical settings requires demonstration of preclinical efficacy and formal toxicology analysis for filling an Investigational New Drug (IND) application with the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA). Here, we investigate the membrane-associated glucose response protein 78 (GRP78) as a therapeutic target in leukemia and lymphoma. We evaluated the efficacy of the GRP78-targeted proapoptotic drug bone metastasis targeting peptidomimetic 78 (BMTP-78), a member of the D(KLAKLAK)2-containing class of agents. BMTP-78 was validated in cells from patients with acute myeloid leukemia and in a panel of human leukemia and lymphoma cell lines, where it induced dose-dependent cytotoxicity in all samples tested. Based on the in vitro efficacy of BMTP-78, we performed formal good laboratory practice toxicology studies in both rodents (mice and rats) and nonhuman primates (cynomolgus and rhesus monkeys). These analyses represent required steps towards an IND application of BMTP-78 for theranostic first-in-human clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- D I Staquicini
- University of New Mexico Comprehensive Cancer Center, Albuquerque, NM, USA.,Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Molecular Medicine, University of New Mexico School of Medicine, Albuquerque, NM, USA
| | - S D'Angelo
- University of New Mexico Comprehensive Cancer Center, Albuquerque, NM, USA.,Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Molecular Medicine, University of New Mexico School of Medicine, Albuquerque, NM, USA
| | - F Ferrara
- University of New Mexico Comprehensive Cancer Center, Albuquerque, NM, USA.,Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Molecular Medicine, University of New Mexico School of Medicine, Albuquerque, NM, USA
| | - K Karjalainen
- Department of Experimental Therapeutics, The University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - G Sharma
- University of New Mexico Comprehensive Cancer Center, Albuquerque, NM, USA
| | - T L Smith
- University of New Mexico Comprehensive Cancer Center, Albuquerque, NM, USA.,Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Molecular Medicine, University of New Mexico School of Medicine, Albuquerque, NM, USA
| | - C A Tarleton
- University of New Mexico Comprehensive Cancer Center, Albuquerque, NM, USA.,Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Molecular Medicine, University of New Mexico School of Medicine, Albuquerque, NM, USA
| | - D E Jaalouk
- Department of Biology, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - A Kuniyasu
- Department of Molecular Cell Pharmacology, Sojo University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - W B Baze
- Department of Veterinary Science and Keeling Center for Comparative Medicine and Research, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Bastrop, TX, USA
| | - B K Chaffee
- Department of Veterinary Science and Keeling Center for Comparative Medicine and Research, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Bastrop, TX, USA
| | - P W Hanley
- Department of Veterinary Science and Keeling Center for Comparative Medicine and Research, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Bastrop, TX, USA
| | - K F Barnhart
- Department of Veterinary Science and Keeling Center for Comparative Medicine and Research, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Bastrop, TX, USA.,David H Koch Center, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - E Koivunen
- Department of Biological and Environmental Science, The University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.,Department of Leukemia, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - S Marchiò
- University of New Mexico Comprehensive Cancer Center, Albuquerque, NM, USA.,Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Molecular Medicine, University of New Mexico School of Medicine, Albuquerque, NM, USA.,Department of Oncology, University of Turin, Candiolo, Italy.,Candiolo Cancer Center-FPO, IRCCS, Candiolo, Italy
| | - R L Sidman
- Department of Neurology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - J E Cortes
- Department of Leukemia, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - H M Kantarjian
- Department of Leukemia, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - W Arap
- University of New Mexico Comprehensive Cancer Center, Albuquerque, NM, USA.,Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Hematology/Oncology, University of New Mexico School of Medicine, Albuquerque, NM
| | - R Pasqualini
- University of New Mexico Comprehensive Cancer Center, Albuquerque, NM, USA.,Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Molecular Medicine, University of New Mexico School of Medicine, Albuquerque, NM, USA
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48
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Riha R, Gupta-Saraf P, Bhanja P, Badkul S, Saha S. Stressed Out - Therapeutic Implications of ER Stress Related Cancer Research. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2017; 2:156-167. [PMID: 29445586 DOI: 10.7150/oncm.22477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The unfolded protein response (UPR) is an established and well-studied cellular response to the stress and serves to relieve the stress and reinstate cellular homeostasis. It occurs in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER), responsible of properly folding and processing of secretory and transmembrane proteins. It is extremely sensitive to alteration in homeostasis caused by various internal or external stressors which leads to accumulation of misfolded or unfolded proteins in the ER lumen. The UPR works by restoring protein homeostasis in the ER, either through the boosting of protein-folding and degradation capability or by assuaging the demands for such effects, and can cause the activation of cell death if unable to do so. Cancer cells have adapted to gain advantage from the UPR and keeping the cell away from apoptosis and promoting survival, including survival of the cancer stem cells and evading the immune system. Several components of the UPR are overexpressed in a malignant cell and are responsible for resistance from various chemotherapy options and radiotherapy, which are also responsible for causing ER stress and activating the UPR. In this review, we discuss the various ways in which UPR can aid different cancers to survive and evade therapy and highlight recent research, which exploits the UPR to confer sensitivity to these cancer cells against various drugs and radiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Randal Riha
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Kansas Medical Center
| | - Pooja Gupta-Saraf
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Kansas Medical Center
| | - Payel Bhanja
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Kansas Medical Center
| | - Samyak Badkul
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Kansas Medical Center
| | - Subhrajit Saha
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Kansas Medical Center.,Department of Cancer Biology, University of Kansas Medical Center
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49
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Hoggatt J, Kfoury Y, Scadden DT. Hematopoietic Stem Cell Niche in Health and Disease. ANNUAL REVIEW OF PATHOLOGY-MECHANISMS OF DISEASE 2017; 11:555-81. [PMID: 27193455 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-pathol-012615-044414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 109] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Regulation of stem cells in adult tissues is a key determinant of how well an organism can respond to the stresses of physiological challenge and disease. This is particularly true of the hematopoietic system, where demands on host defenses can call for an acute increase in cell production. Hematopoietic stem cells receive the regulatory signals for cell production in adult mammals in the bone marrow, a tissue with higher-order architectural and functional organization than previously appreciated. Here, we review the data defining particular structural components and heterologous cells in the bone marrow that participate in hematopoietic stem cell function. Further, we explore the case for stromal-hematopoietic cell interactions contributing to neoplastic myeloid disease. As the hematopoietic regulatory networks in the bone marrow are revealed, it is anticipated that strategies will emerge for how to enhance or inhibit production of specific blood cells. In that way, the control of hematopoiesis will enter the domain of therapies to modulate broad aspects of hematopoiesis, both normal and malignant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan Hoggatt
- Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138.,Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138.,Center for Regenerative Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts 02114;
| | - Youmna Kfoury
- Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138.,Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138.,Center for Regenerative Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts 02114;
| | - David T Scadden
- Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138.,Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138.,Center for Regenerative Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts 02114;
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50
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Liapis V, Zysk A, DeNichilo M, Zinonos I, Hay S, Panagopoulos V, Shoubridge A, Difelice C, Ponomarev V, Ingman W, Atkins GJ, Findlay DM, Zannettino ACW, Evdokiou A. Anticancer efficacy of the hypoxia-activated prodrug evofosfamide is enhanced in combination with proapoptotic receptor agonists against osteosarcoma. Cancer Med 2017; 6:2164-2176. [PMID: 28799237 PMCID: PMC5603834 DOI: 10.1002/cam4.1115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2017] [Revised: 03/21/2017] [Accepted: 03/31/2017] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Tumor hypoxia is a major cause of treatment failure for a variety of malignancies. However, hypoxia also leads to treatment opportunities as demonstrated by the development of compounds that target regions of hypoxia within tumors. Evofosfamide is a hypoxia‐activated prodrug that is created by linking the hypoxia‐seeking 2‐nitroimidazole moiety to the cytotoxic bromo‐isophosphoramide mustard (Br‐IPM). When evofosfamide is delivered to hypoxic regions of tumors, the DNA cross‐linking toxin, Br‐IPM, is released leading to cell death. This study assessed the anticancer efficacy of evofosfamide in combination with the Proapoptotic Receptor Agonists (PARAs) dulanermin and drozitumab against human osteosarcoma in vitro and in an intratibial murine model of osteosarcoma. Under hypoxic conditions in vitro, evofosfamide cooperated with dulanermin and drozitumab, resulting in the potentiation of cytotoxicity to osteosarcoma cells. In contrast, under the same conditions, primary human osteoblasts were resistant to treatment. Animals transplanted with osteosarcoma cells directly into their tibiae developed mixed osteosclerotic/osteolytic bone lesions and consequently developed lung metastases 3 weeks post cancer cell transplantation. Tumor burden in the bone was reduced by evofosfamide treatment alone and in combination with drozitumab and prevented osteosarcoma‐induced bone destruction while also reducing the growth of pulmonary metastases. These results suggest that evofosfamide may be an attractive therapeutic agent, with strong anticancer activity alone or in combination with either drozitumab or dulanermin against osteosarcoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vasilios Liapis
- Discipline of Surgery, Breast Cancer Research Unit, Basil Hetzel Institute and Centre for Personalised Cancer Medicine, University of Adelaide, Woodville, South Australia, Australia
| | - Aneta Zysk
- Discipline of Surgery, Breast Cancer Research Unit, Basil Hetzel Institute and Centre for Personalised Cancer Medicine, University of Adelaide, Woodville, South Australia, Australia
| | - Mark DeNichilo
- Vascular Biology and Cell Trafficking Laboratory, Centre for Cancer Biology, University of South Australia, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Irene Zinonos
- Discipline of Surgery, Breast Cancer Research Unit, Basil Hetzel Institute and Centre for Personalised Cancer Medicine, University of Adelaide, Woodville, South Australia, Australia
| | - Shelley Hay
- Discipline of Surgery, Breast Cancer Research Unit, Basil Hetzel Institute and Centre for Personalised Cancer Medicine, University of Adelaide, Woodville, South Australia, Australia
| | - Vasilios Panagopoulos
- Discipline of Surgery, Breast Cancer Research Unit, Basil Hetzel Institute and Centre for Personalised Cancer Medicine, University of Adelaide, Woodville, South Australia, Australia
| | - Alexandra Shoubridge
- Discipline of Surgery, Breast Cancer Research Unit, Basil Hetzel Institute and Centre for Personalised Cancer Medicine, University of Adelaide, Woodville, South Australia, Australia
| | - Christopher Difelice
- Discipline of Surgery, Breast Cancer Research Unit, Basil Hetzel Institute and Centre for Personalised Cancer Medicine, University of Adelaide, Woodville, South Australia, Australia
| | - Vladimir Ponomarev
- Department of Radiology, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Wendy Ingman
- Discipline of Surgery, School of Medicine at The Queen Elizabeth Hospital, University of Adelaide, Woodville, Australia.,Robinson Research Institute, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Gerald J Atkins
- Discipline of Orthopaedics and Trauma, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - David M Findlay
- Discipline of Orthopaedics and Trauma, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Andrew C W Zannettino
- School of Medical Sciences, Myeloma Research Laboratory Cancer Theme, South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute (SAHMRI), Faculty of Health Science, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Andreas Evdokiou
- Discipline of Surgery, Breast Cancer Research Unit, Basil Hetzel Institute and Centre for Personalised Cancer Medicine, University of Adelaide, Woodville, South Australia, Australia
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