1
|
Miller MJ, Lee P, Lee BG, Flegel WA, West-Mitchell K, Conry-Cantilena K, De Giorgi V. Consideration for alpha-gal syndrome in two critically ill persons with group O blood who received group B plasma. Transfusion 2024; 64:949-951. [PMID: 38566573 DOI: 10.1111/trf.17811] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2023] [Revised: 03/11/2024] [Accepted: 03/13/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) has reported increasing rates of alpha-gal syndrome, an allergic response after meat ingestion (AGS). AGS has been associated with prior exposure to tick bites or other biologics characterized by a life-threatening immunoglobulin E (IgE)-mediated hypersensitivity to galactose-alpha-1,3-galactose (alpha-gal) an oligosaccharide structurally similar to the group B antigen on red blood cells (RBC) found in most non-primate mammalian meat and products derived from these mammals. In 2023, Transfusion reported 3 group O recipients of group B plasma in the Washington, D.C. metropolitan area with no history of meat allergy who had anaphylactic transfusion reactions compatible with AGS. AIMS We investigated allergic reactions in 2 additional patients who received ABO minor-incompatible blood products at 2 hospitals in the D.C. area during fall 2023. METHODS For both patients, a medical chart review was performed and IgE levels to alpha-gal were measured. RESULTS The first patient, a 64-year-old, O-positive patient status post heart transplant with no known allergies, was admitted with acute COVID-19 induced antibody-mediated transplant rejection and placed on extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO). While undergoing plasma exchange (PLEX) (50% albumin/50% fresh frozen plasma (FFP)), the patient tolerated 2 units of group O FFP and 1 unit of group A FFP before becoming hemodynamically unstable during transfusion of 1 unit of B-positive FFP. PLEX was stopped. The patient later died of sepsis from underlying causes. The second patient, a 57-year-old O-positive man with a history of melanoma and neuro fibromatosis type 1, was undergoing an abdominal resection including transfusion of 3 units of O-positive RBC when he suffered hypotension and ventricular tachycardia requiring intraoperative code after receiving 2 units of group B FFP. Hiveswere noted after resuscitation. The patient had a history of tick bites but no known allergies. He is alive 5 months after the possible allergic event. Both patients had full transfusion reaction evaluations and immunology testing results above the positive cutoff for anti-alpha-gal IgE. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION Two patients with O-positive blood and no known allergies experience danaphyl axis after transfusion with group B FFP. The symptoms cannot definitively be imputed to an allergic transfusion reaction, but the presence of IgE against alpha-gal supports an association. Medicating patients with antihistamines and IV steroids pre-transfusion may prevent allergic reactions. Restricting group B plasma-containing products (plasma, platelets, cryoprecipitate) for patients who experience AGS-like symptoms may be considered.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maureen J Miller
- Department of Transfusion Medicine, National Institutes of Health Clinical Center, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Patricia Lee
- Department of Transfusion Medicine, National Institutes of Health Clinical Center, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Brian G Lee
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, MedStar Washington Hospital Center, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Willy A Flegel
- Department of Transfusion Medicine, National Institutes of Health Clinical Center, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
- Department of Pathology, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Kamille West-Mitchell
- Department of Transfusion Medicine, National Institutes of Health Clinical Center, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Kathleen Conry-Cantilena
- Department of Transfusion Medicine, National Institutes of Health Clinical Center, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Valeria De Giorgi
- Department of Transfusion Medicine, National Institutes of Health Clinical Center, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Miller MJ, Perinet L, Alter HJ, Conry-Cantilena K, De Giorgi V. Natural History Studies, a Natural Next Step to Study Emerging Transfusion-Transmitted Infections. Transfus Med Rev 2024; 38:150820. [PMID: 38364616 DOI: 10.1016/j.tmrv.2024.150820] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2024] [Revised: 01/09/2024] [Accepted: 01/10/2024] [Indexed: 02/18/2024]
Affiliation(s)
- Maureen J Miller
- Infectious Diseases Section, Department of Transfusion Medicine, National Institutes of Health Clinical Center, Bethesda, MD, USA.
| | - Lara Perinet
- Infectious Diseases Section, Department of Transfusion Medicine, National Institutes of Health Clinical Center, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Harvey J Alter
- Infectious Diseases Section, Department of Transfusion Medicine, National Institutes of Health Clinical Center, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Kathleen Conry-Cantilena
- Infectious Diseases Section, Department of Transfusion Medicine, National Institutes of Health Clinical Center, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Valeria De Giorgi
- Infectious Diseases Section, Department of Transfusion Medicine, National Institutes of Health Clinical Center, Bethesda, MD, USA
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Myint M, Oppedisano F, De Giorgi V, Kim BM, Marincola FM, Alter HJ, Nesci S. Inflammatory signaling in NASH driven by hepatocyte mitochondrial dysfunctions. J Transl Med 2023; 21:757. [PMID: 37884933 PMCID: PMC10605416 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-023-04627-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2023] [Accepted: 10/14/2023] [Indexed: 10/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Liver steatosis, inflammation, and variable degrees of fibrosis are the pathological manifestations of nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), an aggressive presentation of the most prevalent chronic liver disease in the Western world known as nonalcoholic fatty liver (NAFL). Mitochondrial hepatocyte dysfunction is a primary event that triggers inflammation, affecting Kupffer and hepatic stellate cell behaviour. Here, we consider the role of impaired mitochondrial function caused by lipotoxicity during oxidative stress in hepatocytes. Dysfunction in oxidative phosphorylation and mitochondrial ROS production cause the release of damage-associated molecular patterns from dying hepatocytes, leading to activation of innate immunity and trans-differentiation of hepatic stellate cells, thereby driving fibrosis in NASH.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Francesca Oppedisano
- Department of Health Sciences, Institute of Research for Food Safety and Health, University "Magna Græcia" of Catanzaro, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Valeria De Giorgi
- Department of Transfusion Medicine, Clinical Center, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, USA
| | | | | | - Harvey J Alter
- Department of Transfusion Medicine, Clinical Center, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, USA
| | - Salvatore Nesci
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, University of Bologna, Ozzano Emilia, Italy.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Soni MK, Migliori E, Fu J, Assal A, Chan HT, Pan J, Khatiwada P, Ciubotariu R, May MS, Pereira MR, De Giorgi V, Sykes M, Mapara MY, Muranski PJ. The prospect of universal coronavirus immunity: characterization of reciprocal and non-reciprocal T cell responses against SARS-CoV2 and common human coronaviruses. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1212203. [PMID: 37901229 PMCID: PMC10612330 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1212203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2023] [Accepted: 09/25/2023] [Indexed: 10/31/2023] Open
Abstract
T cell immunity plays a central role in clinical outcomes of Coronavirus Infectious Disease 2019 (COVID-19) and T cell-focused vaccination or cellular immunotherapy might provide enhanced protection for some immunocompromised patients. Pre-existing T cell memory recognizing SARS-CoV-2 antigens antedating COVID-19 infection or vaccination, may have developed as an imprint of prior infections with endemic non-SARS human coronaviruses (hCoVs) OC43, HKU1, 229E, NL63, pathogens of "common cold". In turn, SARS-CoV-2-primed T cells may recognize emerging variants or other hCoV viruses and modulate the course of subsequent hCoV infections. Cross-immunity between hCoVs and SARS-CoV-2 has not been well characterized. Here, we systematically investigated T cell responses against the immunodominant SARS-CoV-2 spike, nucleocapsid and membrane proteins and corresponding antigens from α- and β-hCoVs among vaccinated, convalescent, and unexposed subjects. Broad T cell immunity against all tested SARS-CoV-2 antigens emerged in COVID-19 survivors. In convalescent and in vaccinated individuals, SARS-CoV-2 spike-specific T cells reliably recognized most SARS-CoV-2 variants, however cross-reactivity against the omicron variant was reduced by approximately 47%. Responses against spike, nucleocapsid and membrane antigens from endemic hCoVs were significantly more extensive in COVID-19 survivors than in unexposed subjects and displayed cross-reactivity between α- and β-hCoVs. In some, non-SARS hCoV-specific T cells demonstrated a prominent non-reciprocal cross-reactivity with SARS-CoV-2 antigens, whereas a distinct anti-SARS-CoV-2 immunological repertoire emerged post-COVID-19, with relatively limited cross-recognition of non-SARS hCoVs. Based on this cross-reactivity pattern, we established a strategy for in-vitro expansion of universal anti-hCoV T cells for adoptive immunotherapy. Overall, these results have implications for the future design of universal vaccines and cell-based immune therapies against SARS- and non-SARS-CoVs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mithil K. Soni
- Columbia Center for Translational Immunology, Department of Medicine, Columbia University, New York, NY, United States
| | - Edoardo Migliori
- Columbia Center for Translational Immunology, Department of Medicine, Columbia University, New York, NY, United States
| | - Jianing Fu
- Columbia Center for Translational Immunology, Department of Medicine, Columbia University, New York, NY, United States
| | - Amer Assal
- Department of Medicine, Blood and Marrow Transplantation and Cell Therapy Program, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, United States
- Columbia University Medical Center, Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Center, New York, NY, United States
| | - Hei Ton Chan
- Columbia University Medical Center, Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Center, New York, NY, United States
| | - Jian Pan
- Columbia University Medical Center, Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Center, New York, NY, United States
| | - Prabesh Khatiwada
- Columbia Center for Translational Immunology, Department of Medicine, Columbia University, New York, NY, United States
| | - Rodica Ciubotariu
- Columbia University Medical Center, Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Center, New York, NY, United States
| | - Michael S. May
- Columbia University Medical Center, Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Center, New York, NY, United States
| | - Marcus R. Pereira
- Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Disease, Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, NY, United States
| | - Valeria De Giorgi
- Department of Transfusion Medicine, National Institutes of Health Clinical Center, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Megan Sykes
- Columbia Center for Translational Immunology, Department of Medicine, Columbia University, New York, NY, United States
| | - Markus Y. Mapara
- Columbia Center for Translational Immunology, Department of Medicine, Columbia University, New York, NY, United States
| | - Pawel J. Muranski
- Columbia Center for Translational Immunology, Department of Medicine, Columbia University, New York, NY, United States
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Long J, Soni M, Muranski P, Miller MJ, Conry-Cantilena C, De Giorgi V. Case Report: Kinetics and durability of humoral and cellular response of SARS-CoV-2 messenger RNA vaccine in a lung and kidney transplant recipient. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1207638. [PMID: 37465681 PMCID: PMC10350526 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1207638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2023] [Accepted: 06/09/2023] [Indexed: 07/20/2023] Open
Abstract
We present a case report of a 63-year-old female health care worker who is 15 years status post double lung transplant and six years status post living related donor kidney transplant who is healthy on a chronic immunosuppression regimen including prednisone, mycophenolate, and tacrolimus who received the SARS-CoV-2 mRNA vaccine (Pfizer-BioNTech BNT162b2) primary series and had poor initial humoral response to the COVID-19 mRNA vaccine, then demonstrated a robust, sustained immune response against S1 and S2 antigens for over seven months after receiving the recommended vaccine doses, including booster dose, without developing COVID-19 or other serious adverse events. Her immune response to vaccination indicates effective formation of anti-spike T cell memory despite chronic immunosuppression. This case report provides a comprehensive characterization of her immune response to this SARS-CoV-2 vaccination series. As vaccine effectiveness data is updated, and as better understanding of immune response including hybrid immunity emerges, these findings may reassure that recipients of SOTs may be capable of durable immune responses to emerging variants of SARS-CoV-2.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- James Long
- Infectious Diseases Section, Department of Transfusion Medicine, National Institutes of Health Clinical Center, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Mithil Soni
- Columbia Center for Translational Immunology, Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, United States
| | - Pawel Muranski
- Columbia Center for Translational Immunology, Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, United States
| | - Maureen J. Miller
- Infectious Diseases Section, Department of Transfusion Medicine, National Institutes of Health Clinical Center, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Cathleen Conry-Cantilena
- Infectious Diseases Section, Department of Transfusion Medicine, National Institutes of Health Clinical Center, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Valeria De Giorgi
- Infectious Diseases Section, Department of Transfusion Medicine, National Institutes of Health Clinical Center, Bethesda, MD, United States
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Soni M, Migliori E, Fu J, Assal A, Chan HT, Pan J, Khatiwada P, Ciubotariu R, May MS, Pereira M, De Giorgi V, Sykes M, Mapara MY, Muranski P. The prospect of universal coronavirus immunity: a characterization of reciprocal and non-reciprocal T cell responses against SARS-CoV2 and common human coronaviruses. bioRxiv 2023:2023.01.03.519511. [PMID: 36711835 PMCID: PMC9881858 DOI: 10.1101/2023.01.03.519511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
T cell immunity plays a central role in clinical outcomes of Coronavirus Infectious Disease 2019 (COVID-19). Therefore, T cell-focused vaccination or cellular immunotherapy might provide enhanced protection for immunocompromised patients. Pre-existing T cell memory recognizing SARS-CoV2 antigens antedating COVID-19 infection or vaccination, may have developed as an imprint of prior infections with endemic non-SARS human coronaviruses (hCoVs) OC43, HKU1, 229E, NL63, pathogens of "common cold". In turn, SARS-CoV2-primed T cells may recognize emerging variants or other hCoV viruses and modulate the course of subsequent hCoV infections. Cross-immunity between hCoVs and SARS-CoV2 has not been well characterized. Here, we systematically investigated T cell responses against the immunodominant SARS-CoV2 spike, nucleocapsid and membrane proteins and corresponding antigens from α- and β-hCoVs among vaccinated, convalescent, and unexposed subjects. Broad T cell immunity against all tested SARS-CoV2 antigens emerged in COVID-19 survivors. In convalescent and in vaccinated individuals, SARS-CoV2 spike-specific T cells reliably recognized most SARS-CoV2 variants, however cross-reactivity against the omicron variant was reduced by approximately 50%. Responses against spike, nucleocapsid and membrane antigens from endemic hCoVs were more extensive in COVID-19 survivors than in unexposed subjects and displayed cross-reactivity between α- and β-hCoVs. In some, non-SARS hCoVspecific T cells demonstrated a prominent non-reciprocal cross-reactivity with SARS-CoV2 antigens, whereas a distinct anti-SARS-CoV2 immunological repertoire emerged post-COVID-19, with relatively limited cross-recognition of non-SARS hCoVs. Based on this cross-reactivity pattern, we established a strategy for in-vitro expansion of universal anti-hCoV T cells for adoptive immunotherapy. Overall, these results have implications for the future design of universal vaccines and cell-based immune therapies against SARS- and non-SARS-CoVs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mithil Soni
- Columbia Center for Translational Immunology, Department of Medicine, Columbia University, New York, New York, United States
| | - Edoardo Migliori
- Columbia Center for Translational Immunology, Department of Medicine, Columbia University, New York, New York, United States
| | - Jianing Fu
- Columbia Center for Translational Immunology, Department of Medicine, Columbia University, New York, New York, United States
| | - Amer Assal
- Department of Medicine, Blood and Marrow Transplantation and Cell Therapy Program, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, New York, USA
- Columbia University Medical Center/Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Center, New York, New York, USA
| | - Hei Ton Chan
- Columbia University Medical Center/Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Center, New York, New York, USA
| | - Jian Pan
- Columbia University Medical Center/Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Center, New York, New York, USA
| | - Prabesh Khatiwada
- Columbia Center for Translational Immunology, Department of Medicine, Columbia University, New York, New York, United States
| | - Rodica Ciubotariu
- Columbia University Medical Center/Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Center, New York, New York, USA
| | - Michael S May
- Columbia University Medical Center/Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Center, New York, New York, USA
| | - Marcus Pereira
- Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Disease, Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, New York, USA
| | - Valeria De Giorgi
- Department of Transfusion Medicine, National Institutes of Health Clinical Center, Bethesda, MD
| | - Megan Sykes
- Columbia Center for Translational Immunology, Department of Medicine, Columbia University, New York, New York, United States
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology and Department of Surgery, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Markus Y Mapara
- Columbia Center for Translational Immunology, Department of Medicine, Columbia University, New York, New York, United States
| | - Pawel Muranski
- Columbia Center for Translational Immunology, Department of Medicine, Columbia University, New York, New York, United States
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Henning AN, Budeebazar M, Boldbaatar D, Yagaanbuyant D, Duger D, Batsukh K, Zhou H, Baumann R, Allison RD, Alter HJ, Dashdorj N, De Giorgi V. Peripheral B cells from patients with hepatitis C virus-associated lymphoma exhibit clonal expansion and an anergic-like transcriptional profile. iScience 2022; 26:105801. [PMID: 36619973 PMCID: PMC9813790 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2022.105801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2022] [Revised: 10/27/2022] [Accepted: 12/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic HCV infection remains a global health concern due to its involvement in hepatic and extrahepatic diseases, including B cell non-Hodgkin lymphoma (BNHL). Clinical and epidemiological evidence support a causal role for HCV in BNHL development, although mechanistic insight is lacking. We performed RNA-sequencing on peripheral B cells from patients with HCV alone, BNHL alone, and HCV-associated BNHL to identify unique and shared transcriptional profiles associated with transformation. In patients with HCV-associated BNHL, we observed the enrichment of an anergic-like gene signature and evidence of clonal expansion that was correlated with the expression of epigenetic regulatory genes. Our data support a role for viral-mediated clonal expansion of anergic-like B cells in HCV-associated BNHL development and suggest epigenetic dysregulation as a potential mechanism driving expansion. We propose epigenetic mechanisms may be involved in both HCV-associated lymphoma and regulation of B cell anergy, representing an attractive target for clinical interventions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Amanda N. Henning
- Department of Transfusion Medicine, Clinical Center, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA,Corresponding author
| | - Myagmarjav Budeebazar
- Department of Gastroenterology, Mongolian National University of Medical Sciences, Ulaanbaatar 14210, Mongolia,Liver Center, Ulaanbaatar 14230, Mongolia
| | | | | | - Davaadorj Duger
- Department of Gastroenterology, Mongolian National University of Medical Sciences, Ulaanbaatar 14210, Mongolia
| | - Khishigjargal Batsukh
- Center of Hematology and Bone Marrow Transplantation, First Central Hospital of Mongolia, Ulaanbaatar 14210, Mongolia
| | - Huizhi Zhou
- Department of Transfusion Medicine, Clinical Center, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Ryan Baumann
- Department of Transfusion Medicine, Clinical Center, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Robert D. Allison
- Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Harvey J. Alter
- Department of Transfusion Medicine, Clinical Center, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Naranjargal Dashdorj
- Liver Center, Ulaanbaatar 14230, Mongolia,Onom Foundation, Ulaanbaatar 17011, Mongolia
| | - Valeria De Giorgi
- Department of Transfusion Medicine, Clinical Center, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA,Corresponding author
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Gedda MR, Danaher P, Shao L, Ongkeko M, Chen L, Dinh A, Thioye Sall M, Reddy OL, Bailey C, Wahba A, Dzekunova I, Somerville R, De Giorgi V, Jin P, West K, Panch SR, Stroncek DF. Longitudinal transcriptional analysis of peripheral blood leukocytes in COVID-19 convalescent donors. J Transl Med 2022; 20:587. [PMID: 36510222 PMCID: PMC9742656 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-022-03751-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2022] [Accepted: 11/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND SARS-CoV2 can induce a strong host immune response. Many studies have evaluated antibody response following SARS-CoV2 infections. This study investigated the immune response and T cell receptor diversity in people who had recovered from SARS-CoV2 infection (COVID-19). METHODS Using the nCounter platform, we compared transcriptomic profiles of 162 COVID-19 convalescent donors (CCD) and 40 healthy donors (HD). 69 of the 162 CCDs had two or more time points sampled. RESULTS After eliminating the effects of demographic factors, we found extensive differential gene expression up to 241 days into the convalescent period. The differentially expressed genes were involved in several pathways, including virus-host interaction, interleukin and JAK-STAT signaling, T-cell co-stimulation, and immune exhaustion. A subset of 21 CCD samples was found to be highly "perturbed," characterized by overexpression of PLAU, IL1B, NFKB1, PLEK, LCP2, IRF3, MTOR, IL18BP, RACK1, TGFB1, and others. In addition, one of the clusters, P1 (n = 8) CCD samples, showed enhanced TCR diversity in 7 VJ pairs (TRAV9.1_TCRVA_014.1, TRBV6.8_TCRVB_016.1, TRAV7_TCRVA_008.1, TRGV9_ENST00000444775.1, TRAV18_TCRVA_026.1, TRGV4_ENST00000390345.1, TRAV11_TCRVA_017.1). Multiplexed cytokine analysis revealed anomalies in SCF, SCGF-b, and MCP-1 expression in this subset. CONCLUSIONS Persistent alterations in inflammatory pathways and T-cell activation/exhaustion markers for months after active infection may help shed light on the pathophysiology of a prolonged post-viral syndrome observed following recovery from COVID-19 infection. Future studies may inform the ability to identify druggable targets involving these pathways to mitigate the long-term effects of COVID-19 infection. TRIAL REGISTRATION https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT04360278 Registered April 24, 2020.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mallikarjuna R. Gedda
- grid.94365.3d0000 0001 2297 5165Center for Cellular Engineering, Department of Transfusion Medicine, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA ,grid.280030.90000 0001 2150 6316Section of Retinal Ganglion Cell Biology, Laboratory of Retinal Cell and Molecular Biology, National Eye Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA
| | - Patrick Danaher
- grid.510973.90000 0004 5375 2863NanoString Technologies, Seattle, WA 98109 USA
| | - Lipei Shao
- grid.94365.3d0000 0001 2297 5165Center for Cellular Engineering, Department of Transfusion Medicine, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA
| | - Martin Ongkeko
- grid.94365.3d0000 0001 2297 5165Center for Cellular Engineering, Department of Transfusion Medicine, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA
| | - Leonard Chen
- grid.94365.3d0000 0001 2297 5165Blood Services Section, Department of Transfusion Medicine, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA
| | - Anh Dinh
- grid.94365.3d0000 0001 2297 5165Center for Cellular Engineering, Department of Transfusion Medicine, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA
| | - Mame Thioye Sall
- grid.94365.3d0000 0001 2297 5165Center for Cellular Engineering, Department of Transfusion Medicine, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA
| | - Opal L. Reddy
- grid.94365.3d0000 0001 2297 5165Center for Cellular Engineering, Department of Transfusion Medicine, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA
| | - Christina Bailey
- grid.510973.90000 0004 5375 2863NanoString Technologies, Seattle, WA 98109 USA
| | - Amy Wahba
- grid.510973.90000 0004 5375 2863NanoString Technologies, Seattle, WA 98109 USA
| | - Inna Dzekunova
- grid.510973.90000 0004 5375 2863NanoString Technologies, Seattle, WA 98109 USA
| | - Robert Somerville
- grid.94365.3d0000 0001 2297 5165Center for Cellular Engineering, Department of Transfusion Medicine, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA
| | - Valeria De Giorgi
- grid.94365.3d0000 0001 2297 5165Infectious Disease Section, Department of Transfusion Medicine, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA
| | - Ping Jin
- grid.94365.3d0000 0001 2297 5165Center for Cellular Engineering, Department of Transfusion Medicine, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA
| | - Kamille West
- grid.94365.3d0000 0001 2297 5165Blood Services Section, Department of Transfusion Medicine, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA
| | - Sandhya R. Panch
- grid.94365.3d0000 0001 2297 5165Center for Cellular Engineering, Department of Transfusion Medicine, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA ,grid.34477.330000000122986657Department of Medicine (Hematology Division), University of Washington/Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, WA 98109 USA
| | - David F. Stroncek
- grid.94365.3d0000 0001 2297 5165Center for Cellular Engineering, Department of Transfusion Medicine, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Chen Z, Zhang P, Matsuoka Y, Tsybovsky Y, West K, Santos C, Boyd LF, Nguyen H, Pomerenke A, Stephens T, Olia AS, Zhang B, De Giorgi V, Holbrook MR, Gross R, Postnikova E, Garza NL, Johnson RF, Margulies DH, Kwong PD, Alter HJ, Buchholz UJ, Lusso P, Farci P. Potent monoclonal antibodies neutralize Omicron sublineages and other SARS-CoV-2 variants. Cell Rep 2022; 41:111528. [PMID: 36302375 PMCID: PMC9554601 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2022.111528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2022] [Revised: 07/29/2022] [Accepted: 09/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The emergence and global spread of the SARS-CoV-2 Omicron variants, which carry an unprecedented number of mutations, raise serious concerns due to the reduced efficacy of current vaccines and resistance to therapeutic antibodies. Here, we report the generation and characterization of two potent human monoclonal antibodies, NA8 and NE12, against the receptor-binding domain of the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein. NA8 interacts with a highly conserved region and has a breadth of neutralization with picomolar potency against the Beta variant and the Omicron BA.1 and BA.2 sublineages and nanomolar potency against BA.2.12.1 and BA.4. Combination of NA8 and NE12 retains potent neutralizing activity against the major SARS-CoV-2 variants of concern. Cryo-EM analysis provides the structural basis for the broad and complementary neutralizing activity of these two antibodies. We confirm the in vivo protective and therapeutic efficacies of NA8 and NE12 in the hamster model. These results show that broad and potent human antibodies can overcome the continuous immune escape of evolving SARS-CoV-2 variants.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhaochun Chen
- Hepatic Pathogenesis Section, Laboratory of Infectious Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA.
| | - Peng Zhang
- Laboratory of Immunoregulation, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Yumiko Matsuoka
- RNA Viruses Section, Laboratory of Infectious Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Yaroslav Tsybovsky
- Cancer Research Technology Program, Leidos Biomedical Research, Inc., Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, MD, USA
| | - Kamille West
- Department of Transfusion Medicine, NIH Clinical Center, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Celia Santos
- RNA Viruses Section, Laboratory of Infectious Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Lisa F Boyd
- Molecular Biology Section, Laboratory of Immune System Biology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Hanh Nguyen
- Hepatic Pathogenesis Section, Laboratory of Infectious Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Anna Pomerenke
- Hepatic Pathogenesis Section, Laboratory of Infectious Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Tyler Stephens
- Cancer Research Technology Program, Leidos Biomedical Research, Inc., Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, MD, USA
| | - Adam S Olia
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Baoshan Zhang
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Valeria De Giorgi
- Department of Transfusion Medicine, NIH Clinical Center, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Michael R Holbrook
- National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID) Integrated Research Facility, National Institutes of Health, Frederick, MD, USA
| | - Robin Gross
- National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID) Integrated Research Facility, National Institutes of Health, Frederick, MD, USA
| | - Elena Postnikova
- National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID) Integrated Research Facility, National Institutes of Health, Frederick, MD, USA
| | - Nicole L Garza
- SARS-CoV-2 Virology Core, Laboratory of Viral Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Reed F Johnson
- SARS-CoV-2 Virology Core, Laboratory of Viral Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - David H Margulies
- Molecular Biology Section, Laboratory of Immune System Biology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Peter D Kwong
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Harvey J Alter
- Department of Transfusion Medicine, NIH Clinical Center, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Ursula J Buchholz
- RNA Viruses Section, Laboratory of Infectious Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Paolo Lusso
- Laboratory of Immunoregulation, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Patrizia Farci
- Hepatic Pathogenesis Section, Laboratory of Infectious Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Yu Y, Esposito D, Kang Z, Lu J, Remaley AT, De Giorgi V, Chen LN, West K, Cao L. mRNA vaccine-induced antibodies more effective than natural immunity in neutralizing SARS-CoV-2 and its high affinity variants. Sci Rep 2022; 12:2628. [PMID: 35173254 PMCID: PMC8850441 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-06629-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2021] [Accepted: 01/17/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Several variants of SARS-CoV-2 have emerged. Those with mutations in the angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE2) receptor binding domain (RBD) are associated with increased transmission and severity. In this study, we developed both antibody quantification and functional neutralization assays. Analyses of both COVID-19 convalescent and diagnostic cohorts strongly support the use of RBD antibody levels as an excellent surrogate to biochemical neutralization activities. Data further revealed that the samples from mRNA vaccinated individuals had a median of 17 times higher RBD antibody levels and a similar degree of increased neutralization activities against RBD-ACE2 binding than those from natural infections. Our data showed that N501Y RBD had fivefold higher ACE2 binding than the original variant. While some antisera from naturally infected subjects had substantially reduced neutralization ability against N501Y RBD, all blood samples from vaccinated individuals were highly effective in neutralizing it. Thus, our data indicates that mRNA vaccination may generate more neutralizing RBD antibodies than natural immunity. It further suggests a potential need to maintain high RBD antibody levels to control the more infectious SARS-CoV-2 variants.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yunkai Yu
- Genetics Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, 37 Convent Dr. MSC 4265, Bldg 37, Rm 6040, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Dominic Esposito
- Protein Expression Laboratory, NCI RAS Initiative, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, MD, USA
| | - Zhigang Kang
- Genetics Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, 37 Convent Dr. MSC 4265, Bldg 37, Rm 6040, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Jianming Lu
- Codex BioSolutions, Inc, Gaithersburg, MD, USA
| | - Alan T Remaley
- Lipoprotein Metabolism Section, National Heat, Lung, and Blood Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Valeria De Giorgi
- Department of Transfusion Medicine, National Institutes of Health Clinical Center, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Leonard N Chen
- Department of Transfusion Medicine, National Institutes of Health Clinical Center, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Kamille West
- Department of Transfusion Medicine, National Institutes of Health Clinical Center, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Liang Cao
- Genetics Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, 37 Convent Dr. MSC 4265, Bldg 37, Rm 6040, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Chen Z, Zhang P, Matsuoka Y, Tsybovsky Y, West K, Santos C, Boyd LF, Nguyen H, Pomerenke A, Stephens T, Olia AS, De Giorgi V, Holbrook MR, Gross R, Postnikova E, Garza NL, Johnson RF, Margulies DH, Kwong PD, Alter HJ, Buchholz UJ, Lusso P, Farci P. Extremely potent monoclonal antibodies neutralize Omicron and other SARS-CoV-2 variants. medRxiv 2022. [PMID: 35043120 DOI: 10.1101/2022.01.12.22269023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
The ongoing coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), has triggered a devastating global health, social and economic crisis. The RNA nature and broad circulation of this virus facilitate the accumulation of mutations, leading to the continuous emergence of variants of concern with increased transmissibility or pathogenicity 1 . This poses a major challenge to the effectiveness of current vaccines and therapeutic antibodies 1, 2 . Thus, there is an urgent need for effective therapeutic and preventive measures with a broad spectrum of action, especially against variants with an unparalleled number of mutations such as the recently emerged Omicron variant, which is rapidly spreading across the globe 3 . Here, we used combinatorial antibody phage-display libraries from convalescent COVID-19 patients to generate monoclonal antibodies against the receptor-binding domain of the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein with ultrapotent neutralizing activity. One such antibody, NE12, neutralizes an early isolate, the WA-1 strain, as well as the Alpha and Delta variants with half-maximal inhibitory concentrations at picomolar level. A second antibody, NA8, has an unusual breadth of neutralization, with picomolar activity against both the Beta and Omicron variants. The prophylactic and therapeutic efficacy of NE12 and NA8 was confirmed in preclinical studies in the golden Syrian hamster model. Analysis by cryo-EM illustrated the structural basis for the neutralization properties of NE12 and NA8. Potent and broadly neutralizing antibodies against conserved regions of the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein may play a key role against future variants of concern that evade immune control.
Collapse
|
12
|
Srivastava K, West KA, De Giorgi V, Holbrook MR, Bovin NV, Henry SM, Flegel WA. COVID-19 Antibody Detection and Assay Performance Using Red Cell Agglutination. Microbiol Spectr 2021; 9:e0083021. [PMID: 34878316 PMCID: PMC8653820 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.00830-21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2021] [Accepted: 11/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Red cells can be labeled with peptides from the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein (C-19 kodecytes) and used as reagent cells for serologic screening of SARS-CoV-2 antibodies. We evaluated 140 convalescent COVID-19 donors and 275 healthy controls using C19-kodecytes. The analytical performance of the C19-kodecyte assay was compared with a virus neutralizing assay and two commercial chemiluminescent antibody tests (Total assay and IgG assay, Ortho). The C19-kodecyte assay detected SARS-CoV-2 antibodies with a sensitivity of 92.8% and specificity of 96.3%, well within the minimum performance range required by FDA for EUA authorization of serologic tests. The Cohen's kappa coefficient was 0.90 indicating an almost perfect agreement with the Total assay. The Spearman's correlation coefficient was 0.20 with the neutralizing assay (0.49 with IgG, and 0.41 with Total assays). The limited correlation in assay reaction strengths suggested that the assays may be influenced by different antibody specificities. The C19-kodecyte assay is easily scalable and may vastly improve test capacity in any blood typing laboratory using its routine column agglutination platforms. IMPORTANCE We recently developed a red cell based assay to detect SARS-CoV-2 antibodies in human plasma. In the current study, we show the hands-on application of this assay in a group of COVID-19 convalescent plasma donors and healthy individuals. We compared our assay against three published assays, including two that are widely used for patient care in the United States. Our assay compared well with all three assays. Our easily scalable assay can be used for population-wide screening of SARS-CoV-2 antibody status. It can be readily established in any hospital blood bank worldwide using its routine equipment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kshitij Srivastava
- Department of Transfusion Medicine, NIH Clinical Center, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Kamille A. West
- Department of Transfusion Medicine, NIH Clinical Center, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Valeria De Giorgi
- Department of Transfusion Medicine, NIH Clinical Center, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Michael R. Holbrook
- National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID) Integrated Research Facility, National Institutes of Health, Frederick, Maryland, USA
| | - Nicolai V. Bovin
- Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Moscow, Russia
- Centre for Kode Technology Innovation, School of Engineering, Computer and Mathematical Sciences, Faculty of Design and Creative Technologies, Auckland University of Technology, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Stephen M. Henry
- Centre for Kode Technology Innovation, School of Engineering, Computer and Mathematical Sciences, Faculty of Design and Creative Technologies, Auckland University of Technology, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Willy A. Flegel
- Department of Transfusion Medicine, NIH Clinical Center, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Henning AN, Green D, Baumann R, Grandinetti P, Highfill SL, Zhou H, De Giorgi V. Immunomagnetic B cell isolation as a tool to study blood cell subsets and enrich B cell transcripts. BMC Res Notes 2021; 14:418. [PMID: 34794498 PMCID: PMC8600718 DOI: 10.1186/s13104-021-05833-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2021] [Accepted: 11/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Transcriptional profiling of immune cells is an indispensable tool in biomedical research; however, heterogenous sample types routinely used in transcriptomic studies may mask important cell type-specific transcriptional differences. Techniques to isolate desired cell types are used to overcome this limitation. We sought to evaluate the use of immunomagnetic B cell isolation on RNA quality and transcriptional output. Additionally, we aimed to develop a B cell gene signature representative of a freshly isolated B cell population to be used as a tool to verify isolation efficacy and to provide a transcriptional standard for evaluating maintenance or deviation from traditional B cell identity. RESULTS We found RNA quality and RNA-sequencing output to be comparable between donor-matched PBMC, whole blood, and B cells following negative selection by immunomagnetic B cell isolation. Transcriptional analysis enabled the development of an 85 gene B cell signature. This signature effectively clustered isolated B cells from heterogeneous sample types in our study and naïve and memory B cells when applied to transcriptional data from a published source. Additionally, by identifying B cell signature genes whose functional role in B cells is currently unknown, our gene signature has uncovered areas for future investigation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Amanda N. Henning
- Department of Transfusion Medicine, Clinical Center, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD USA
| | - Daniel Green
- Women’s Malignancies Branch, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD USA
| | - Ryan Baumann
- Department of Transfusion Medicine, Clinical Center, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD USA
| | - Patrick Grandinetti
- Experimental Transplantation and Immunology Branch, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD USA
| | - Steven L. Highfill
- Department of Transfusion Medicine, Clinical Center, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD USA
| | - Huizhi Zhou
- Department of Transfusion Medicine, Clinical Center, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD USA
| | - Valeria De Giorgi
- Department of Transfusion Medicine, Clinical Center, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD USA
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Hassan S, West KA, Conry-Cantilena K, De Giorgi V. Regulatory challenges of convalescent plasma collection during the evolving stages of COVID-19 pandemic in the United States. Transfusion 2021; 62:483-492. [PMID: 34778974 PMCID: PMC8661755 DOI: 10.1111/trf.16751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2021] [Revised: 11/02/2021] [Accepted: 11/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sajjad Hassan
- Department of Transfusion Medicine, NIH Clinical Center, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Kamille A West
- Department of Transfusion Medicine, NIH Clinical Center, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Kathleen Conry-Cantilena
- Department of Transfusion Medicine, NIH Clinical Center, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Valeria De Giorgi
- Department of Transfusion Medicine, NIH Clinical Center, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Gedda M, Danaher P, Saho L, Ongkeko M, Chen L, Sall MT, Reddy O, Bailey C, Wahba A, Dzekunova I, Giorgi VD, Somerville R, Ping J, West K, Panch S, Stroncek D. 953 Transcriptional analysis of leukocytes from COVID convalescent donors reveals persistent activation of the innate and adaptive immune system. J Immunother Cancer 2021. [DOI: 10.1136/jitc-2021-sitc2021.953] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
BackgroundCoronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) results in robust but dysregulated acute immune response characterized by pro-inflammatory cytokine production and T-cell exhaustion, but little is known concerning immune response following recovery. We assessed immune function in convalescent plasma donors (CCD) who had recovered from COVID-19.MethodsThe cellular immune response and T-cell receptor (TCR) diversity in CCD was investigated using the nCounter host response and TCR diversity panels. 270 CCD and 40 healthy donor (HD) blood samples collected 11 to 193 days after diagnosis were analyzed. The CCD samples were from 162 donors, 69 donated more than once. All HD donated only once.ResultsMany genes were differentially expressed for months following infection. Analysis of samples collected 0 to 90 days post-diagnosis found that 19 of 773 genes were differentially expressed among CCD and HD (FDR < 0.05) (figure 1a). At 90 to 120 days, 120 to 150 and >150 post-diagnosis, 13, 58 and 4 genes were differentially expressed respectively (FDR < 0.05) (figures 1b-d). At 120 to 150 days the differentially expressed genes included those in Treg differentiation, type III interferon signaling and chemokine signaling pathways. 76 genes were differently expressed at least once during the time windows described above. (Figure 1e). Among CCD, the expression of CTLA-4, ICOS, ICOSLG, OSM and CXCR4 were initially elevated but fell to HD levels at the end of the study period. The expression of LILRA6, CCR2 and CX3CR1 increased or remained elevated throughout (figure 1f).A subset of samples departed notably from the average trend. The transcriptome of each CCD sample was scored by its similarity to the mean transcriptome of HD samples. This analysis revealed 21 CCD samples from 19 unique donors were highly perturbed from HD samples (figure 2a). Among these highly perturbed samples 80% were collected > 90 days post-diagnosis. The perturbed samples clustered into two groups, labelled P1 and P2 (figure 2b) and displayed dysregulation of distinct gene sets (figures 2c, 2d). The P1 were characterized by increased expression of genes in myeloid inflammation, type 1 interferon and innate immune signaling pathways, lower COVID antibody levels and increased T-cell receptor diversity. P2 were characterized by highly up-regulated CD44, BCL2, TGFB1, IL18BP, IL27RA, and IL11RA.Abstract 953 Figure 1Longitudinal trends in CCD gene expression. a-d: Differential expression results in HD vs. 4 time windows of CCD. Genes with FDR <0.1 are labeled; e: average CCD log2 fold-changes from HD over time. Color is only given for times where the Loess regression is different from the mean HD with p < 0.05; f: longitudinal results for selected genes. Orange lines connect CCD samples over time. Blue lines show inner 95% quantiles of HD samplesAbstract 953 Figure 2CCD with more severe departure from HD gene expression. a: CCD samples (in orange) were scored for perturbation from the mean HD (in blue), and 21 highly perturbed sample subsets emerged; b: clustering of the 21 highly perturbed patients. The dendrogram was cut to define two groups. c: volcano plots comparing expression in P1 (left) and P2 (right) vs. CCD; d: longitudinal trends of selected genes perturbed in P1 and P2ConclusionsImmune dysregulation in CCD continues at least 6 months post-infection. Some CCDs experienced marked transcriptional changes which may be the result of COVID-19 reactivation and could be responsible for long-haul syndrome.AcknowledgementsN/ATrial RegistrationNCT04360278ReferencesN/A Ethics ApprovalN/AConsentN/A
Collapse
|
16
|
De Giorgi V, West KA, Henning AN, Chen LN, Holbrook MR, Gross R, Liang J, Postnikova E, Trenbeath J, Pogue S, Scinto T, Alter HJ, Cantilena CC. Naturally acquired SARS-CoV-2 immunity persists for up to 11 months following infection. J Infect Dis 2021; 224:1294-1304. [PMID: 34089610 PMCID: PMC8195007 DOI: 10.1093/infdis/jiab295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2021] [Accepted: 06/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Characterizing the kinetics of the antibody response to severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS‐CoV‐2) is of critical importance to developing strategies that may mitigate the public health burden of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). We conducted a prospective, longitudinal analysis of COVID-19 convalescent plasma donors at multiple time points over an 11-month period to determine how circulating antibody levels change over time following natural infection. Methods From April 2020 to February 2021, we enrolled 228 donors. At each study visit, subjects either donated plasma or had study samples drawn only. Anti–SARS-CoV-2 donor testing was performed using the VITROS Anti–SARS-CoV-2 Total and IgG assays and an in-house fluorescence reduction neutralization assay. Results Anti–SARS-CoV-2 antibodies were identified in 97% of COVID-19 convalescent donors at initial presentation. In follow-up analyses, of 116 donors presenting at repeat time points, 91.4% had detectable IgG levels up to 11 months after symptom recovery, while 63% had detectable neutralizing titers; however, 25% of donors had neutralizing levels that dropped to an undetectable titer over time. Conclusions Our data suggest that immunological memory is acquired in most individuals infected with SARS-CoV-2 and is sustained in a majority of patients for up to 11 months after recovery. Clinical Trials Registration. NCT04360278.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Valeria De Giorgi
- National Institutes of Health (NIH), Clinical Center, Department of Transfusion Medicine, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Kamille A West
- National Institutes of Health (NIH), Clinical Center, Department of Transfusion Medicine, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Amanda N Henning
- National Institutes of Health (NIH), Clinical Center, Department of Transfusion Medicine, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Leonard N Chen
- National Institutes of Health (NIH), Clinical Center, Department of Transfusion Medicine, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Michael R Holbrook
- National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID) Integrated Research Facility, National Institutes of Health (NIH), Frederick, MD 21702, USA
| | - Robin Gross
- National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID) Integrated Research Facility, National Institutes of Health (NIH), Frederick, MD 21702, USA
| | - Janie Liang
- National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID) Integrated Research Facility, National Institutes of Health (NIH), Frederick, MD 21702, USA
| | - Elena Postnikova
- National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID) Integrated Research Facility, National Institutes of Health (NIH), Frederick, MD 21702, USA
| | - Joni Trenbeath
- National Institutes of Health (NIH), Clinical Center, Department of Transfusion Medicine, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Sarah Pogue
- National Institutes of Health (NIH), Clinical Center, Department of Transfusion Medicine, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Tania Scinto
- National Institutes of Health (NIH), Clinical Center, Department of Transfusion Medicine, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Harvey J Alter
- National Institutes of Health (NIH), Clinical Center, Department of Transfusion Medicine, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Cathy Conry Cantilena
- National Institutes of Health (NIH), Clinical Center, Department of Transfusion Medicine, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
De Giorgi V, West KA, Henning AN, Chen L, Holbrook MR, Gross R, Liang J, Postnikova E, Trenbeath J, Pogue S, Scinto T, Alter HJ, Cantilena CC. Anti-SARS-CoV-2 Serology persistence over time in COVID-19 Convalescent Plasma Donors. medRxiv 2021. [PMID: 33758897 DOI: 10.1101/2021.03.08.21253093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Background Characterizing the kinetics of the antibody response to SARS□CoV□2 is of critical importance to developing strategies that may mitigate the public health burden of COVID-19. We sought to determine how circulating antibody levels change over time following natural infection. Methods/Materials We conducted a prospective, longitudinal analysis of COVID-19 convalescent plasma (CCP) donors at multiple time points over a 9-month period. At each study visit, subjects either donated plasma or only had study samples drawn. In all cases, anti-SARS-CoV-2 donor testing was performed using semi-quantitative chemiluminescent immunoassays (ChLIA) targeting subunit 1 (S1) of the SARS-CoV-2 spike (S) protein, and an in-house fluorescence reduction neutralization assay (FRNA). Results From April to November 2020 we enrolled 202 donors, mean age 47.3 ±14.7 years, 55% female, 75% Caucasian. Most donors reported a mild clinical course (91%, n=171) without hospitalization. One hundred and five (105) (52%) donors presented for repeat visits with a median 42 (12-163) days between visits. The final visit occurred at a median 160 (53-273) days post-symptom resolution. Total anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibodies (Ab), SARS-CoV-2 specific IgG and neutralizing antibodies were detected in 97.5%, 91.1%, and 74% of donors respectively at initial presentation. Neutralizing Ab titers based on FRNA 50 were positively associated with mean IgG levels (p = <0.0001). Mean IgG levels and neutralizing titers were positively associated with COVID-19 severity, increased donor age and BMI (p=0.0006 and p=0.0028, p=0.0083 and p=0.0363, (p=0.0008 and p=0.0018, respectively). Over the course of repeat visits, IgG decreased in 74.1% of donors; FRNA 50 decreased in 44.4% and remained unchanged in 33.3% of repeat donors. A weak negative correlation was observed between total Ab levels and number of days post-symptom recovery (r = 0.09). Conclusion Anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibodies were identified in 97% of convalescent donors at initial presentation. In a cohort that largely did not require hospitalization. IgG and neutralizing antibodies were positively correlated with age, BMI and clinical severity, and persisted for up to 9 months post-recovery from natural infection. On repeat presentation, IgG anti-SARS-CoV-2 levels decreased in 56% of repeat donors. Overall, these data suggest that CP donors possess a wide range of IgG and neutralizing antibody levels that are proportionally distributed across demographics, with the exception of age, BMI and clinical severity.
Collapse
|
18
|
Barat B, Das S, De Giorgi V, Henderson DK, Kopka S, Lau AF, Miller T, Moriarty T, Palmore TN, Sawney S, Spalding C, Tanjutco P, Wortmann G, Zelazny AM, Frank KM. Pooled Saliva Specimens for SARS-CoV-2 Testing. J Clin Microbiol 2021; 59:e02486-20. [PMID: 33262219 PMCID: PMC8106731 DOI: 10.1128/jcm.02486-20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2020] [Accepted: 11/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
We evaluated saliva (SAL) specimens for SARS-CoV-2 reverse transcriptase PCR (RT-PCR) testing by comparison of 459 prospectively paired nasopharyngeal (NP) or midturbinate (MT) swabs from 449 individuals with the aim of using saliva for asymptomatic screening. Samples were collected in a drive-through car line for symptomatic individuals (n = 380) and in the emergency department (ED) (n = 69). The percentages of positive and negative agreement of saliva compared to nasopharyngeal swab were 81.1% (95% confidence interval [CI], 65.8% to 90.5%) and 99.8% (95% CI, 98.7% to 100%), respectively. The percent positive agreement increased to 90.0% (95% CI, 74.4% to 96.5%) when considering only samples with moderate to high viral load (cycle threshold [CT ] for the NP, ≤34). Pools of five saliva specimens were also evaluated on three platforms, bioMérieux NucliSENS easyMAG with ABI 7500Fast (CDC assay), Hologic Panther Fusion, and Roche Cobas 6800. The average loss of signal upon pooling was 2 to 3 CT values across the platforms. The sensitivities of detecting a positive specimen in a pool compared with testing individually were 94%, 90%, and 94% for the CDC 2019-nCoV real-time RT-PCR, Panther Fusion SARS-CoV-2 assay, and Cobas SARS-CoV-2 test, respectively, with decreased sample detection trending with lower viral load. We conclude that although pooled saliva testing, as collected in this study, is not quite as sensitive as NP/MT testing, saliva testing is adequate to detect individuals with higher viral loads in an asymptomatic screening program, does not require swabs or viral transport medium for collection, and may help to improve voluntary screening compliance for those individuals averse to various forms of nasal collections.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bidisha Barat
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Sanchita Das
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Valeria De Giorgi
- Department of Transfusion Medicine, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - David K Henderson
- Hospital Epidemiology Service, Clinical Center, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Stacy Kopka
- Clinical Monitoring Research Program Directorate, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Rockville, Maryland, USA
| | - Anna F Lau
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Tracey Miller
- Clinical Monitoring Research Program Directorate, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Rockville, Maryland, USA
| | | | - Tara N Palmore
- Hospital Epidemiology Service, Clinical Center, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Shari Sawney
- MedStar Washington Hospital Center, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Chris Spalding
- Hospital Epidemiology Service, Clinical Center, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | | | | | - Adrian M Zelazny
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Karen M Frank
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Barat B, Das S, De Giorgi V, Henderson DK, Kopka S, Lau AF, Miller T, Moriarty T, Palmore TN, Sawney S, Spalding C, Tanjutco P, Wortmann G, Zelazny AM, Frank KM. Pooled Saliva Specimens for SARS-CoV-2 Testing. medRxiv 2020:2020.10.02.20204859. [PMID: 33052363 PMCID: PMC7553188 DOI: 10.1101/2020.10.02.20204859] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
We evaluated saliva (SAL) specimens for SARS-CoV-2 RT-PCR testing by comparison of 459 prospectively paired nasopharyngeal (NP) or mid-turbinate (MT) swabs from 449 individuals with the aim of using saliva for asymptomatic screening. Samples were collected in a drive-through car line for symptomatic individuals (N=380) and in the emergency department (ED) (N=69). The percent positive and negative agreement of saliva compared to nasopharyngeal swab were 81.1% (95% CI: 65.8% - 90.5%) and 99.8% (95% CI: 98.7% - 100%), respectively. The sensitivity increased to 90.0% (95% CI: 74.4% - 96.5%) when considering only samples with moderate to high viral load (Cycle threshold (Ct) for the NP <=34). Pools of five saliva specimens were also evaluated on three platforms: bioMérieux NucliSENS easyMAG with ABI 7500Fast (CDC assay), Hologic Panther Fusion, and Roche COBAS 6800. The median loss of signal upon pooling was 2-4 Ct values across the platforms. The sensitivity of detecting a positive specimen in a pool compared with testing individually was 100%, 93%, and 95% for CDC 2019-nCoV Real-Time RT-PCR, Panther Fusion® SARS-CoV-2 assay, and cobas® SARS-CoV-2 test respectively, with decreased sample detection trending with lower viral load. We conclude that although pooled saliva testing, as collected in this study, is not quite as sensitive as NP/MT testing, saliva testing is adequate to detect individuals with higher viral loads in an asymptomatic screening program, does not require swabs or viral transport media for collection, and may help to improve voluntary screening compliance for those individuals averse to various forms of nasal collections.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bidisha Barat
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Clinical Center, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Sanchita Das
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Clinical Center, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Valeria De Giorgi
- Department of Transfusion Medicine, Clinical Center, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - David K Henderson
- Hospital Epidemiology Service, Clinical Center, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Stacy Kopka
- Clinical Monitoring Research Program Directorate, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Rockville, MD, USA
| | - Anna F Lau
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Clinical Center, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Tracey Miller
- Clinical Monitoring Research Program Directorate, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Rockville, MD, USA
| | | | - Tara N Palmore
- Hospital Epidemiology Service, Clinical Center, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Shari Sawney
- MedStar Washington Hospital Center, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Chris Spalding
- Hospital Epidemiology Service, Clinical Center, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | | | | | - Adrian M Zelazny
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Clinical Center, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Karen M Frank
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Clinical Center, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Al Hashmi M, Sastry KS, Silcock L, Chouchane L, Mattei V, James N, Mathew R, Bedognetti D, De Giorgi V, Murtas D, Liu W, Chouchane A, Temanni R, Seliger B, Wang E, Marincola FM, Tomei S. Differential responsiveness to BRAF inhibitors of melanoma cell lines BRAF V600E-mutated. J Transl Med 2020; 18:192. [PMID: 32393282 PMCID: PMC7216681 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-020-02350-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2020] [Accepted: 04/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Most mutations in melanoma affect one critical amino acid on BRAF gene, resulting in the V600E substitution. Patient management is often based on the use of specific inhibitors targeting this mutation. Methods DNA and RNA mutation status was assessed in 15 melanoma cell lines by Sanger sequencing and RNA-seq. We tested the cell lines responsiveness to BRAF inhibitors (vemurafenib and PLX4720, BRAF-specific and sorafenib, BRAF non-specific). Cell proliferation was assessed by MTT colorimetric assay. BRAF V600E RNA expression was assessed by qPCR. Expression level of phosphorylated-ERK protein was assessed by Western Blotting as marker of BRAF activation. Results Three cell lines were discordant in the mutation detection (BRAF V600E at DNA level/Sanger sequencing and BRAF WT on RNA-seq). We initially postulated that those cell lines may express only the WT allele at the RNA level although mutated at the DNA level. A more careful analysis showed that they express low level of BRAF RNA and the expression may be in favor of the WT allele. We tested whether the discordant cell lines responded differently to BRAF-specific inhibitors. Their proliferation rate decreased after treatment with vemurafenib and PLX4720 but was not affected by sorafenib, suggesting a BRAF V600E biological behavior. Yet, responsiveness to the BRAF specific inhibitors was lower as compared to the control. Western Blot analysis revealed a decreased expression of p-ERK protein in the BRAF V600E control cell line and in the discordant cell lines upon treatment with BRAF-specific inhibitors. The discordant cell lines showed a lower responsiveness to BRAF inhibitors when compared to the BRAF V600E control cell line. The results obtained from the inhibition experiment and molecular analyses were also confirmed in three additional cell lines. Conclusion Cell lines carrying V600E mutation at the DNA level may respond differently to BRAF targeted treatment potentially due to a lower V600E RNA expression.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Muna Al Hashmi
- Research Branch, Sidra Medical and Research Center, 26999, Doha, Qatar
| | - Konduru S Sastry
- Research Branch, Sidra Medical and Research Center, 26999, Doha, Qatar
| | - Lee Silcock
- Research Branch, Sidra Medical and Research Center, 26999, Doha, Qatar
| | - Lotfi Chouchane
- Department of Genetic Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College in Qatar, Doha, Qatar
| | - Valentina Mattei
- Research Branch, Sidra Medical and Research Center, 26999, Doha, Qatar
| | - Nicola James
- Research Branch, Sidra Medical and Research Center, 26999, Doha, Qatar
| | - Rebecca Mathew
- Research Branch, Sidra Medical and Research Center, 26999, Doha, Qatar
| | - Davide Bedognetti
- Research Branch, Sidra Medical and Research Center, 26999, Doha, Qatar
| | - Valeria De Giorgi
- Infectious Disease and Immunogenetics Section (IDIS), Department of Transfusion Medicine, Clinical Center, National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, USA
| | - Daniela Murtas
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Section of Cytomorphology, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Wei Liu
- Research Branch, Sidra Medical and Research Center, 26999, Doha, Qatar
| | - Aouatef Chouchane
- Research Branch, Sidra Medical and Research Center, 26999, Doha, Qatar
| | - Ramzi Temanni
- Research Branch, Sidra Medical and Research Center, 26999, Doha, Qatar
| | - Barbara Seliger
- Institute of Medical Immunology, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle/Saale, Germany
| | - Ena Wang
- Research Branch, Sidra Medical and Research Center, 26999, Doha, Qatar
| | - Francesco M Marincola
- Research Branch, Sidra Medical and Research Center, 26999, Doha, Qatar.,Refuge Biotechnologies, Menlo Park, CA, USA
| | - Sara Tomei
- Research Branch, Sidra Medical and Research Center, 26999, Doha, Qatar.
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
De Giorgi V, Zhou H, Alter HJ, Allison RD. A microarray-based pathogen chip for simultaneous molecular detection of transfusion-transmitted infectious agents. J Transl Med 2019; 17:156. [PMID: 31088488 PMCID: PMC6518760 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-019-1905-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2019] [Accepted: 05/05/2019] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND New and emerging transfusion-transmitted infections remain a threat to the blood supply. Blood donors are currently screened for less than half of known agents, primarily by individual tests. A screening platform that could simultaneously detect all known transfusion-transmitted pathogens and allow rapid addition of new targets would significantly increase blood safety and could improve the response to new agents. We describe the early stage development and validation of a microarray-based platform (pathogen chip) for simultaneous molecular detection of transfusion-transmitted RNA viruses. METHODS Sixteen RNA viruses that pose a significant risk for transfusion-transmission were selected for inclusion on the pathogen chip. Viruses were targeted for detection by 1769 oligonucleotide probes selected by Agilent eArray software. Differentially concentrated positive plasma samples were used to evaluate performance and limits of detection in the context of individual pathogens or combinations to simulate coinfection. RNA-viruses detection and concentration were validated by RT-qPCR. RESULTS Hepatitis A, B and C, Chikungunya, dengue 1-4, HIV 1-2, HTLV I-II, West Nile and Zika viruses were all correctly identified by the pathogen chip within the range of 105 to 102 copies/mL; hepatitis E virus from 105 to 104. In mixtures of 3-8 different viruses, all were correctly identified between 105 and 103 copies/mL. CONCLUSIONS This microarray-based multi-pathogen screening platform accurately and reproducibly detected individual and mixed RNA viruses in one test from single samples with limits of detection as low as 102 copies mL.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Valeria De Giorgi
- Infectious Diseases Section, Department of Transfusion Medicine, National Institutes of Health Clinical Center, Building 10, Room 1C711, 10 Center Drive, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA.
| | - Huizhi Zhou
- Infectious Diseases Section, Department of Transfusion Medicine, National Institutes of Health Clinical Center, Building 10, Room 1C711, 10 Center Drive, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Harvey J Alter
- Infectious Diseases Section, Department of Transfusion Medicine, National Institutes of Health Clinical Center, Building 10, Room 1C711, 10 Center Drive, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Robert D Allison
- Infectious Diseases Section, Department of Transfusion Medicine, National Institutes of Health Clinical Center, Building 10, Room 1C711, 10 Center Drive, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Salam KA, Wang RY, Grandinetti T, De Giorgi V, Alter HJ, Allison RD. Binding of Free and Immune Complex-Associated Hepatitis C Virus to Erythrocytes Is Mediated by the Complement System. Hepatology 2018; 68:2118-2129. [PMID: 29742812 PMCID: PMC6226377 DOI: 10.1002/hep.30087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2018] [Revised: 04/26/2018] [Accepted: 05/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Erythrocytes bind circulating immune complexes (ICs) and facilitate IC clearance from the circulation. Chronic hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection is associated with IC-related disorders. In this study, we investigated the kinetics and mechanism of HCV and HCV-IC binding to and dissociation from erythrocytes. Cell culture-produced HCV was mixed with erythrocytes from healthy blood donors, and erythrocyte-associated virus particles were quantified. Purified complement proteins, complement-depleted serum, and complement receptor antibodies were used to investigate complement-mediated HCV-erythrocyte binding. Purified HCV-specific immunoglobulin G (IgG) from a chronic HCV-infected patient was used to study complement-mediated HCV-IC/erythrocyte binding. Binding of HCV to erythrocytes increased 200- to 1,000-fold after adding complement active human serum in the absence of antibody. Opsonization of free HCV occurred within 10 minutes, and peak binding to erythrocytes was observed at 20-30 minutes. Complement protein C1 was required for binding, whereas C2, C3, and C4 significantly enhanced binding. Complement receptor 1 (CR1, CD35) antibodies blocked the binding of HCV to erythrocytes isolated from chronically infected HCV patients and healthy blood donors. HCV-ICs significantly enhanced complement-mediated binding to erythrocytes compared to unbound HCV. Dissociation of complement-opsonized HCV from erythrocytes depended on the presence of Factor I. HCV released by Factor I bound preferentially to CD19+ B cells compared to other leukocytes. Conclusion: These results demonstrate that complement mediates the binding of free and IC-associated HCV to CR1 on erythrocytes and provide a mechanistic rationale for investigating the differential phenotypic expression of HCV-IC-related disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kazi Abdus Salam
- Infectious Diseases Section, Department of Transfusion Medicine, Clinical Center, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Rajshahi, Rajshahi-6205, Bangladesh
| | - Richard Y. Wang
- Infectious Diseases Section, Department of Transfusion Medicine, Clinical Center, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Teresa Grandinetti
- Infectious Diseases Section, Department of Transfusion Medicine, Clinical Center, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Valeria De Giorgi
- Infectious Diseases Section, Department of Transfusion Medicine, Clinical Center, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Harvey J. Alter
- Infectious Diseases Section, Department of Transfusion Medicine, Clinical Center, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Robert D. Allison
- Infectious Diseases Section, Department of Transfusion Medicine, Clinical Center, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Mousset CM, Hobo W, Ji Y, Fredrix H, De Giorgi V, Allison RD, Kester MGD, Falkenburg JHF, Schaap NPM, Jansen JH, Gattinoni L, Dolstra H, van der Waart AB. Ex vivo AKT-inhibition facilitates generation of polyfunctional stem cell memory-like CD8 + T cells for adoptive immunotherapy. Oncoimmunology 2018; 7:e1488565. [PMID: 30288356 PMCID: PMC6169586 DOI: 10.1080/2162402x.2018.1488565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2018] [Accepted: 06/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Adoptive T cell therapy has shown clinical potential for patients with cancer, though effective treatment is dependent on longevity and potency of the exploited tumor-reactive T cells. Previously, we showed that ex vivo inhibition of AKT using the research compound Akt-inhibitor VIII retained differentiation and improved functionality of minor histocompatibility antigen (MiHA)-specific CD8+ T cells. Here, we compared a panel of clinically applicable AKT-inhibitors with an allosteric or adenosine triphosphate-competitive mode of action. We analyzed phenotype, functionality, metabolism and transcriptome of AKT-inhibited CD8+ T cells using different T cell activation models. Most inhibitors facilitated T cell expansion while preserving an early memory phenotype, reflected by maintenance of CD62L, CCR7 and CXCR4 expression. Moreover, transcriptome profiling revealed that AKT-inhibited CD8+ T cells clustered closely to naturally occurring stem cell-memory CD8+ T cells, while control T cells resembled effector-memory T cells. Interestingly, AKT-inhibited CD8+ T cells showed enrichment of hypoxia-associated genes, which was consistent with enhanced glycolytic function. Notably, AKT-inhibition during MiHA-specific CD8+ T cell priming uncoupled preservation of early memory differentiation from ex vivo expansion. Furthermore, AKT-inhibited MiHA-specific CD8+ T cells showed increased polyfunctionality with co-secretion of IFN-γ and IL-2 upon antigen recall. Together, these data demonstrate that AKT-inhibitors with different modality of action promote the ex vivo generation of stem cell memory-like CD8+ T cells with a unique metabolic profile and retained polyfunctionality. Akt-inhibitor VIII and GDC-0068 outperformed other inhibitors, and are therefore promising candidates for ex vivo generation of superior tumor-reactive T cells for adoptive immunotherapy in cancer patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Charlotte M Mousset
- Department of Laboratory Medicine - Laboratory of Hematology; Radboud Institute of Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Willemijn Hobo
- Department of Laboratory Medicine - Laboratory of Hematology; Radboud Institute of Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Yun Ji
- Experimental Transplantation and Immunology, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Hanny Fredrix
- Department of Laboratory Medicine - Laboratory of Hematology; Radboud Institute of Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Valeria De Giorgi
- Infectious Diseases Section, Department of Transfusion Medicine, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Robert D Allison
- Infectious Diseases Section, Department of Transfusion Medicine, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Michel G D Kester
- Department of Hematology - Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - J H Frederik Falkenburg
- Department of Hematology - Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Nicolaas P M Schaap
- Department of Hematology, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Joop H Jansen
- Department of Laboratory Medicine - Laboratory of Hematology; Radboud Institute of Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Luca Gattinoni
- Experimental Transplantation and Immunology, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Harry Dolstra
- Department of Laboratory Medicine - Laboratory of Hematology; Radboud Institute of Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Anniek B van der Waart
- Department of Laboratory Medicine - Laboratory of Hematology; Radboud Institute of Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Wang RY, Bare P, De Giorgi V, Matsuura K, Salam KA, Grandinetti T, Schechterly C, Alter HJ. Preferential association of hepatitis C virus with CD19 + B cells is mediated by complement system. Hepatology 2016; 64:1900-1910. [PMID: 27641977 PMCID: PMC5115962 DOI: 10.1002/hep.28842] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2016] [Revised: 08/08/2016] [Accepted: 08/21/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Extrahepatic disease manifestations are common in chronic hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection. The mechanism of HCV-related lymphoproliferative disorders is not fully understood. Recent studies have found that HCV in peripheral blood mononuclear cells from chronically infected patients is mainly associated with cluster of differentiation 19-positive (CD19+ ) B cells. To further elucidate this preferential association of HCV with B cells, we used in vitro cultured virus and uninfected peripheral blood mononuclear cells from healthy blood donors to investigate the necessary serum components that activate the binding of HCV to B cells. First, we found that the active serum components were present not only in HCV carriers but also in HCV recovered patients and HCV-negative, healthy blood donors and that the serum components were heat-labile. Second, the preferential binding activity of HCV to B cells could be blocked by anti-complement C3 antibodies. In experiments with complement-depleted serum and purified complement proteins, we demonstrated that complement proteins C1, C2, and C3 were required to activate such binding activity. Complement protein C4 was partially involved in this process. Third, using antibodies against cell surface markers, we showed that the binding complex mainly involved CD21 (complement receptor 2), CD19, CD20, and CD81; CD35 (complement receptor 1) was involved but had lower binding activity. Fourth, both anti-CD21 and anti-CD35 antibodies could block the binding of patient-derived HCV to B cells. Fifth, complement also mediated HCV binding to Raji cells, a cultured B-cell line derived from Burkitt's lymphoma. CONCLUSION In chronic HCV infection, the preferential association of HCV with B cells is mediated by the complement system, mainly through complement receptor 2 (CD21), in conjunction with the CD19 and CD81 complex. (Hepatology 2016;64:1900-1910).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Richard Y. Wang
- Department of Transfusion Medicine, Clinical Center, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
| | - Patricia Bare
- Department of Transfusion Medicine, Clinical Center, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD,Instituto de Investigaciones Hematológicas, Instituto de Medicina Experimental, CONICET, Academia Nacional de Medicina, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Valeria De Giorgi
- Department of Transfusion Medicine, Clinical Center, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
| | - Kentaro Matsuura
- Department of Transfusion Medicine, Clinical Center, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD,Department of Gastroenterology and Metabolism, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Kazi Abdus Salam
- Department of Transfusion Medicine, Clinical Center, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Rajshahi, Rajshahi-6205, Bangladesh
| | - Teresa Grandinetti
- Department of Transfusion Medicine, Clinical Center, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
| | - Cathy Schechterly
- Department of Transfusion Medicine, Clinical Center, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
| | - Harvey J. Alter
- Department of Transfusion Medicine, Clinical Center, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Matsuura K, De Giorgi V, Schechterly C, Wang RY, Farci P, Tanaka Y, Alter HJ. Circulating let-7 levels in plasma and extracellular vesicles correlate with hepatic fibrosis progression in chronic hepatitis C. Hepatology 2016; 64:732-45. [PMID: 27227815 PMCID: PMC4992455 DOI: 10.1002/hep.28660] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2015] [Accepted: 05/13/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED The goal of this study was to determine whether an association exists between circulating microRNA (miRNA) levels and disease progression in chronic hepatitis C (CHC), whether plasma or extracellular vesicles (EVs) were optimal for miRNA measurement and their correlation with hepatic miRNA expression, and the mechanistic plausibility of this association. We studied 130 CHC patients prospectively followed over several decades. A comprehensive miRNA profile in plasma using microarray with 2578 probe sets showed 323 miRNAs differentially expressed between healthy individuals and CHC patients, but only six that distinguished patients with mild versus severe chronic hepatitis. Eventually, let-7a/7c/7d-5p and miR-122-5p were identified as candidate predictors of disease progression. Cross-sectional analyses at the time of initial liver biopsy showed that reduced levels of let-7a/7c/7d-5p (let-7s) in plasma were correlated with advanced histological hepatic fibrosis stage and other fibrotic markers, whereas miR-122-5p levels in plasma were positively correlated with inflammatory activity, but not fibrosis. Measuring let-7s levels in EVs was not superior to intact plasma for discriminating significant hepatic fibrosis. Longitudinal analyses in 60 patients with paired liver biopsies showed that let-7s levels in plasma markedly declined over time in parallel with fibrosis progression. However, circulating let-7s levels did not parallel those in the liver. CONCLUSION Of all miRNAs screened, the let-7 family showed the best correlation with hepatic fibrosis in CHC. A single determination of let-7s levels in plasma did not have superior predictive value for significant hepatic fibrosis compared with that of fibrosis-4 index, but the rate of let-7s decline in paired longitudinal samples correlated well with fibrosis progression. Pathway analysis suggested that low levels of let-7 may influence hepatic fibrogenesis through activation of transforming growth factor β signaling in hepatic stellate cells. (Hepatology 2016;64:732-745).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kentaro Matsuura
- Department of Transfusion Medicine, Clinical Center, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD,Department of Gastroenterology and Metabolism, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya, Japan,Department of Virology and Liver Unit, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Valeria De Giorgi
- Department of Transfusion Medicine, Clinical Center, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
| | - Cathy Schechterly
- Department of Transfusion Medicine, Clinical Center, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
| | - Richard Y. Wang
- Department of Transfusion Medicine, Clinical Center, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
| | - Patrizia Farci
- Hepatic Pathogenesis Section, Laboratory of Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
| | - Yasuhito Tanaka
- Department of Virology and Liver Unit, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Harvey J. Alter
- Department of Transfusion Medicine, Clinical Center, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD,Corresponding author: Harvey J. Alter, M.D., Department of Transfusion Medicine, Clinical Center, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD. Building 10, Room 1C-711, 10 Center Drive, Bethesda, MD 20892. ; Tel: 301-496-8393; fax: 301-402-2965
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Tomei S, Bedognetti D, De Giorgi V, Sommariva M, Civini S, Reinboth J, Al Hashmi M, Ascierto M, Liu Q, Ayotte BD, Worschech A, Uccellini L, Ascierto PA, Stroncek D, Palmieri G, Chouchane L, Wang E, Marincola FM. The immune-related role of BRAF in melanoma. Lab Invest 2015. [PMCID: PMC4315228 DOI: 10.1186/1479-5876-13-s1-k19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
|
27
|
Caputo E, Wang E, Valentino A, Crispi S, De Giorgi V, Fico A, Ficili B, Capone M, Anniciello A, Cavalcanti E, Botti G, Mozzillo N, Ascierto PA, Marincola FM, Travali S. Ran signaling in melanoma: implications for the development of alternative therapeutic strategies. Cancer Lett 2014; 357:286-296. [PMID: 25444926 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2014.11.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2014] [Revised: 10/29/2014] [Accepted: 11/15/2014] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
We performed a comparative study between two human metastatic melanoma cell lines (A375 and 526), and melanocytes (FOM78) by gene expression profiling and pathway analysis, using Gene Set Enrichment Analysis (GSEA) and Ingenuity Pathway Analysis (IPA) software. Genes involved in Ran signaling were significantly over-represented (p ≤ 0.001) and up-regulated in melanoma cells. A melanoma-associated molecular pathway was identified, where Ran, Aurora Kinase A (AurkA) and TERT were up-regulated, while c-myc and PTEN were down-regulated. A consistent high Ran and AurkA gene expression was detected in about 48% and 53%, respectively, of 113 tissue samples from metastatic melanoma patients. AurkA down-regulation was observed in melanoma cells, by Ran knockdown, suggesting AurkA protein is a Ran downstream target. Furthermore, AurkA inhibition, by exposure of melanoma cells to MLN8054, a specific AurKA inhibitor, induced apoptosis in both melanoma cell lines and molecular alterations in the IPA-identified molecular pathway. These alterations differed between cell lines, with an up-regulation of c-myc protein level observed in 526 cells and a slight reduction seen in A375 cells. Moreover, Ran silencing did not affect the A375 invasive capability, while it was enhanced in 526 cells, suggesting that Ran knockdown, by AurkA down-regulation, resulted in a Ran-independent enhanced melanoma cell invasion. Finally, AurK A inhibition induced a PTEN up-regulation and its action was independent of B-RAF mutational status. These findings provide insights relevant for the development of novel therapeutic strategies as well as for a better understanding of mechanisms underlying therapy resistance in melanoma.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Emilia Caputo
- Institute of Genetics and Biophysics -I.G.B. A. Buzzati-Traverso- CNR, Naples I-80131, Italy; Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche, Università degli Studi di Catania, Catania I-95124, Italy.
| | - Ena Wang
- Infectious Disease and Immunogenetics Section (IDIS), Department of Transfusion Medicine (DTM), Clinical Center (CC), Center for Human Immunology (CHI), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD, United States; Sidra Medical and Research Center, Doha, Qatar
| | - Anna Valentino
- Institute of Genetics and Biophysics -I.G.B. A. Buzzati-Traverso- CNR, Naples I-80131, Italy
| | - Stefania Crispi
- Institute of Genetics and Biophysics -I.G.B. A. Buzzati-Traverso- CNR, Naples I-80131, Italy; Institute of Biosciences and BioResources-IBB, CNR, Naples I-8013, Italy
| | - Valeria De Giorgi
- Infectious Disease and Immunogenetics Section (IDIS), Department of Transfusion Medicine (DTM), Clinical Center (CC), Center for Human Immunology (CHI), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Annalisa Fico
- Institute of Genetics and Biophysics -I.G.B. A. Buzzati-Traverso- CNR, Naples I-80131, Italy
| | - Bartolomea Ficili
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche, Università degli Studi di Catania, Catania I-95124, Italy
| | - Mariaelena Capone
- Istituto Nazionale Tumori Fondazione G. Pascale, Naples I-80131, Italy
| | | | | | - Gerardo Botti
- Istituto Nazionale Tumori Fondazione G. Pascale, Naples I-80131, Italy
| | - Nicola Mozzillo
- Istituto Nazionale Tumori Fondazione G. Pascale, Naples I-80131, Italy
| | - Paolo A Ascierto
- Istituto Nazionale Tumori Fondazione G. Pascale, Naples I-80131, Italy
| | - Francesco M Marincola
- Infectious Disease and Immunogenetics Section (IDIS), Department of Transfusion Medicine (DTM), Clinical Center (CC), Center for Human Immunology (CHI), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD, United States; Sidra Medical and Research Center, Doha, Qatar
| | - Salvatore Travali
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche, Università degli Studi di Catania, Catania I-95124, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Tomei S, Bedognetti D, De Giorgi V, Sommariva M, Civini S, Reinboth J, Al Hashmi M, Ascierto ML, Liu Q, Ayotte BD, Worschech A, Uccellini L, Ascierto PA, Stroncek D, Palmieri G, Chouchane L, Wang E, Marincola FM. The immune-related role of BRAF in melanoma. Mol Oncol 2014; 9:93-104. [PMID: 25174651 PMCID: PMC4500792 DOI: 10.1016/j.molonc.2014.07.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2013] [Revised: 07/08/2014] [Accepted: 07/17/2014] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The existence of a dichotomy between immunologically active and quiescent tumor phenotypes has been recently recognized in several types of cancer. The activation of a Th1 type of immune signature has been shown to confer better prognosis and likelihood to respond to immunotherapy. However, whether such dichotomy depends on the genetic make‐up of individual cancers is not known yet. BRAF and NRAS mutations are commonly acquired during melanoma progression. Here we explored the role of BRAF and NRAS mutations in influencing the immune phenotype based on a classification previously identified by our group. Methods One‐hundred‐thirteen melanoma metastases underwent microarray analysis and BRAF and NRAS genotyping. Allele‐specific PCR was also performed in order to exclude low‐frequency mutations. Results Comparison between BRAF and NRAS mutant versus wild type samples identified mostly constituents or regulators of MAPK and related pathways. When testing gene lists discriminative of BRAF, NRAS and MAPK alterations, we found that 112 BRAF‐specific transcripts were able to distinguish the two immune‐related phenotypes already described in melanoma, with the poor phenotype associated mostly with BRAF mutation. Noteworthy, such association was stronger in samples displaying low BRAF mRNA expression. However, when testing NRAS mutations, we were not able to find the same association. Conclusion This study suggests that BRAF mutation‐related specific transcripts associate with a poor phenotype in melanoma and provide a nest for further investigation. BRAF and NRAS status was assessed in 113 melanoma metastases by Sanger sequencing and high sensitive allele‐specific PCR. The expression of BRAF‐specific genes categorized the metastases in two divergent groups. The mutant group associated with a poor phenotype. The association between BRAF mutation and the poor phenotype was stronger in samples displaying low BRAF mRNA expression. Functional interpretation of BRAF expression‐discriminative genes revealed pathways related to an unfavorable phenotype.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sara Tomei
- Infectious Disease and Immunogenetics Section (IDIS), Department of Transfusion Medicine, Clinical Center and Trans-NIH Center for Human Immunology (CHI), National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA; Department of Genetic Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College in Qatar, PO Box 24144, Doha, Qatar; Sidra Medical and Research Center, P.O. Box 26999, Doha, Qatar.
| | - Davide Bedognetti
- Infectious Disease and Immunogenetics Section (IDIS), Department of Transfusion Medicine, Clinical Center and Trans-NIH Center for Human Immunology (CHI), National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA; Sidra Medical and Research Center, P.O. Box 26999, Doha, Qatar
| | - Valeria De Giorgi
- Infectious Disease and Immunogenetics Section (IDIS), Department of Transfusion Medicine, Clinical Center and Trans-NIH Center for Human Immunology (CHI), National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Michele Sommariva
- Infectious Disease and Immunogenetics Section (IDIS), Department of Transfusion Medicine, Clinical Center and Trans-NIH Center for Human Immunology (CHI), National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA; Department of Biomedical Sciences for Health, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Sara Civini
- Cell Processing Section, Department of Transfusion Medicine, Clinical Center and Trans-NIH Center for Human Immunology (CHI), National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Jennifer Reinboth
- Infectious Disease and Immunogenetics Section (IDIS), Department of Transfusion Medicine, Clinical Center and Trans-NIH Center for Human Immunology (CHI), National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA; Department of Biochemistry, Biocenter, University of Wuerzburg, Wuerzburg 97074, Germany; Genelux Corporation, San Diego Science Center, San Diego 92109, USA
| | - Muna Al Hashmi
- Sidra Medical and Research Center, P.O. Box 26999, Doha, Qatar
| | - Maria Libera Ascierto
- Infectious Disease and Immunogenetics Section (IDIS), Department of Transfusion Medicine, Clinical Center and Trans-NIH Center for Human Immunology (CHI), National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA; Center of Excellence for Biomedical Research (CEBR), University of Genoa, Italy
| | - Qiuzhen Liu
- Infectious Disease and Immunogenetics Section (IDIS), Department of Transfusion Medicine, Clinical Center and Trans-NIH Center for Human Immunology (CHI), National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Ben D Ayotte
- Department of Biology, Northern Michigan University, Marquette, MI, USA
| | - Andrea Worschech
- Department of Genetic Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College in Qatar, PO Box 24144, Doha, Qatar
| | - Lorenzo Uccellini
- Infectious Disease and Immunogenetics Section (IDIS), Department of Transfusion Medicine, Clinical Center and Trans-NIH Center for Human Immunology (CHI), National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA; Institute of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, University of Milan, L. Sacco Hospital, Milan, Italy
| | - Paolo A Ascierto
- Istituto Nazionale Tumori Fondazione "G. Pascale", Via G. Semmola, Naples, Italy
| | - David Stroncek
- Cell Processing Section, Department of Transfusion Medicine, Clinical Center and Trans-NIH Center for Human Immunology (CHI), National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Giuseppe Palmieri
- Institute of Biomolecular Chemistry, National Research Council, Sassari, Italy
| | - Lotfi Chouchane
- Department of Genetic Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College in Qatar, PO Box 24144, Doha, Qatar
| | - Ena Wang
- Infectious Disease and Immunogenetics Section (IDIS), Department of Transfusion Medicine, Clinical Center and Trans-NIH Center for Human Immunology (CHI), National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA; Sidra Medical and Research Center, P.O. Box 26999, Doha, Qatar
| | - Francesco M Marincola
- Infectious Disease and Immunogenetics Section (IDIS), Department of Transfusion Medicine, Clinical Center and Trans-NIH Center for Human Immunology (CHI), National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA; Sidra Medical and Research Center, P.O. Box 26999, Doha, Qatar
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Liu Q, Tomei S, Ascierto ML, De Giorgi V, Bedognetti D, Dai C, Uccellini L, Spivey T, Pos Z, Thomas J, Reinboth J, Murtas D, Zhang Q, Chouchane L, Weiss GR, Slingluff CL, Lee PP, Rosenberg SA, Alter H, Yao K, Wang E, Marincola FM. Melanoma NOS1 expression promotes dysfunctional IFN signaling. J Clin Invest 2014; 124:2147-59. [PMID: 24691438 DOI: 10.1172/jci69611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2013] [Accepted: 01/22/2014] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
In multiple forms of cancer, constitutive activation of type I IFN signaling is a critical consequence of immune surveillance against cancer; however, PBMCs isolated from cancer patients exhibit depressed STAT1 phosphorylation in response to IFN-α, suggesting IFN signaling dysfunction. Here, we demonstrated in a coculture system that melanoma cells differentially impairs the IFN-α response in PBMCs and that the inhibitory potential of a particular melanoma cell correlates with NOS1 expression. Comparison of gene transcription and array comparative genomic hybridization (aCGH) between melanoma cells from different patients indicated that suppression of IFN-α signaling correlates with an amplification of the NOS1 locus within segment 12q22-24. Evaluation of NOS1 levels in melanomas and IFN responsiveness of purified PBMCs from patients indicated a negative correlation between NOS1 expression in melanomas and the responsiveness of PBMCs to IFN-α. Furthermore, in an explorative study, NOS1 expression in melanoma metastases was negatively associated with patient response to adoptive T cell therapy. This study provides a link between cancer cell phenotype and IFN signal dysfunction in circulating immune cells.
Collapse
|
30
|
De Giorgi V, Xie Z, Chen J, Shi R, Zhou H, Liu H, Wunderlich J, Sommariva M, Tomei S, Ascierto ML, Bedognetti D, Wang E, Marincola FM. NGS technology applied to melanoma cell lines. J Immunother Cancer 2013. [PMCID: PMC3990304 DOI: 10.1186/2051-1426-1-s1-p141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
|
31
|
Ascierto ML, Alter H, Bozzano F, Picciotto A, Marenco S, Marras F, Schechterly C, Bedognetti D, De Giorgi V, Sommariva M, Ascierto PA, Moretta L, Wang E, Marincola FM, De Maria A. Genomic scale analysis of NK cells impact on response to IFN-α. J Immunother Cancer 2013. [PMCID: PMC3991079 DOI: 10.1186/2051-1426-1-s1-p46] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
|
32
|
Sommariva M, Cheung F, Chen J, Shi R, Zhang L, Morgan R, Bedognetti D, De Giorgi V, Ascierto ML, Rosenberg SA, Marincola FM, Wang E. Genetic inference of immune responsiveness of melanoma cancer patients to TIL therapy. J Immunother Cancer 2013. [PMCID: PMC3991192 DOI: 10.1186/2051-1426-1-s1-p63] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
|
33
|
Bedognetti D, Ascierto ML, Sato-Matsushita M, Gugiatti E, Massucco C, Zupo S, Di Meglio A, Dellepiane C, Sertoli MR, Racchi O, Balleari E, De Giorgi V, Sommariva M, Durando P, Ferrarini M, Cacciani R, Provinciali N, Iudici R, Alicino C, Wang E, Ansaldi F, Marincola FM, De Maria A. Intradermal influenza vaccination in complete remission cancer patients: molecular insights. J Immunother Cancer 2013. [PMCID: PMC3990295 DOI: 10.1186/2051-1426-1-s1-p197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
|
34
|
Xie Q, Su Y, Dykema K, Johnson J, Koeman J, De Giorgi V, Huang A, Schlegel R, Essenburg C, Kang L, Iwaya K, Seki S, Khoo SK, Zhang B, Buonaguro F, Marincola FM, Furge K, Vande Woude GF, Shinomiya N. Overexpression of HGF Promotes HBV-Induced Hepatocellular Carcinoma Progression and Is an Effective Indicator for Met-Targeting Therapy. Genes Cancer 2013; 4:247-60. [PMID: 24167653 PMCID: PMC3807646 DOI: 10.1177/1947601913501075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2013] [Accepted: 07/13/2013] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Hepatitis B virus (HBV) is a well-known cause of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), but the regulators effectively driving virus production and HCC progression remain unclear. By using genetically engineered mouse models, we show that overexpression of hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) accelerated HCC progression, supporting the genomic analysis that an up-regulated HGF signature is associated with poor prognosis in HBV-positive HCC patients. We show that for both liver regeneration and spontaneous HCC development there is an inclusive requirement for MET expression, and when HGF induces autocrine activation the tumor displays sensitivity to a small-molecule Met inhibitor. Our results demonstrate that HGF is a driver of HBV-induced HCC progression and may serve as an effective biomarker for Met-targeted therapy. MET inhibitors are entering clinical trials against cancer, and our data provide a molecular basis for targeting the Met pathway in hepatitis B-induced HCC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qian Xie
- Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, Van Andel Research Institute, Grand Rapids, MI, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
35
|
Buonaguro FM, Tornesello M, Izzo F, De Giorgi V, Worschech A, Wang E, Marincola F, Buonaguro L. G104 Molecular Signatures in Human Liver Cancer. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr 2013. [DOI: 10.1097/01.qai.0000429257.85522.75] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
|
36
|
De Giorgi V, Buonaguro L, Worschech A, Tornesello ML, Izzo F, Marincola FM, Wang E, Buonaguro FM. Molecular signatures associated with HCV-induced hepatocellular carcinoma and liver metastasis. PLoS One 2013; 8:e56153. [PMID: 23441164 PMCID: PMC3575468 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0056153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2012] [Accepted: 01/07/2013] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
UNLABELLED Hepatocellular carcinomas (HCCs) are a heterogeneous group of tumors that differ in risk factors and genetic alterations. In Italy, particularly Southern Italy, chronic hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection represents the main cause of HCC. Using high-density oligoarrays, we identified consistent differences in gene-expression between HCC and normal liver tissue. Expression patterns in HCC were also readily distinguishable from those associated with liver metastases. To characterize molecular events relevant to hepatocarcinogenesis and identify biomarkers for early HCC detection, gene expression profiling of 71 liver biopsies from HCV-related primary HCC and corresponding HCV-positive non-HCC hepatic tissue, as well as gastrointestinal liver metastases paired with the apparently normal peri-tumoral liver tissue, were compared to 6 liver biopsies from healthy individuals. Characteristic gene signatures were identified when normal tissue was compared with HCV-related primary HCC, corresponding HCV-positive non-HCC as well as gastrointestinal liver metastases. Pathway analysis classified the cellular and biological functions of the genes differentially expressed as related to regulation of gene expression and post-translational modification in HCV-related primary HCC; cellular Growth and Proliferation, and Cell-To-Cell Signaling and Interaction in HCV-related non HCC samples; Cellular Growth and Proliferation and Cell Cycle in metastasis. Also characteristic gene signatures were identified of HCV-HCC progression for early HCC diagnosis. CONCLUSIONS A diagnostic molecular signature complementing conventional pathologic assessment was identified.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Valeria De Giorgi
- Infectious Disease and Immunogenetics Section (IDIS), Department of Transfusion Medicine, Clinical Center and Trans-NIH Center for Human Immunology (CHI), National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Luigi Buonaguro
- Molecular Biology and Viral Oncogenesis and AIDS Refer. Center, Ist. Naz. Tumori "Fond. G. Pascale", Naples, Italy
| | - Andrea Worschech
- Department of Biochemistry, Biocenter, University of Wuerzburg, Am Hubland, Wuerzburg, Germany
| | - Maria Lina Tornesello
- Molecular Biology and Viral Oncogenesis and AIDS Refer. Center, Ist. Naz. Tumori "Fond. G. Pascale", Naples, Italy
| | - Francesco Izzo
- Hepato-biliary Surgery Department, Ist. Naz. Tumori "Fond. G. Pascale", Naples, Italy
| | - Francesco M. Marincola
- Infectious Disease and Immunogenetics Section (IDIS), Department of Transfusion Medicine, Clinical Center and Trans-NIH Center for Human Immunology (CHI), National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Ena Wang
- Infectious Disease and Immunogenetics Section (IDIS), Department of Transfusion Medicine, Clinical Center and Trans-NIH Center for Human Immunology (CHI), National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Franco M. Buonaguro
- Molecular Biology and Viral Oncogenesis and AIDS Refer. Center, Ist. Naz. Tumori "Fond. G. Pascale", Naples, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Murtas D, Maric D, De Giorgi V, Reinboth J, Worschech A, Fetsch P, Filie A, Ascierto M, Bedognetti D, Liu Q, Uccellini L, Chouchane L, Wang E, Marincola FM, Tomei S. IRF-1 responsiveness to immune cytokines predicts different cancer phenotypes. J Immunother Cancer 2013. [PMCID: PMC3990328 DOI: 10.1186/2051-1426-1-s1-p249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
|
38
|
Tomei S, Adams S, Uccellini L, Bedognetti D, De Giorgi V, Erdenebileg N, Ascierto ML, Reinboth J, Liu Q, Bevilacqua G, Wang E, Mazzanti C, Marincola FM. Association between HRAS rs12628 and rs112587690 polymorphisms with the risk of melanoma in the North American population. Med Oncol 2012; 29:3456-61. [PMID: 22618666 PMCID: PMC3505523 DOI: 10.1007/s12032-012-0255-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2012] [Accepted: 05/05/2012] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
HRAS belongs to the RAS genes superfamily. RAS genes are important players in several human tumors and the single-nucleotide polymorphism rs12628 has been shown to contribute to the risk of bladder, colon, gastrointestinal, oral, and thyroid carcinoma. We hypothesized that this SNP may affect the risk of cutaneous melanoma as well. HRAS gene contains a polymorphic region (rs112587690), a repeated hexanucleotide -GGGCCT- located in intron 1. Three alleles of this region, P1, P2, and P3, have been identified that contain two, three, and four repeats of the hexanucleotide, respectively. We investigated the clinical impact of these polymorphisms in a case-control study. A total of 141 melanoma patients and 118 healthy donors from the North America Caucasian population were screened for rs12628 and rs112587690 polymorphisms. Genotypes were assessed by capillary sequencing or fragment analysis, respectively, and rs12628 CC and rs112587690 P1P1 genotypes significantly associated with increased melanoma risk (OR = 3.83, p = 0.003; OR = 11.3, p = 0.033, respectively), while rs112587690 P1P3 frequency resulted significantly higher in the control group (OR = 0.5, p = 0.017). These results suggest that rs12628 C homozygosis may be considered a potential risk factor for melanoma development in the North American population possibly through the linkage to rs112587690.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sara Tomei
- Division of Surgical, Molecular, and Ultrastructural Pathology, Section of Molecular Pathology, University of Pisa and Pisa University Hospital, 56100, Pisa, Italy.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
39
|
Uccellini L, De Giorgi V, Zhao Y, Tumaini B, Erdenebileg N, Dudley ME, Tomei S, Bedognetti D, Ascierto ML, Liu Q, Simon R, Kottyan L, Kaufman KM, Harley JB, Wang E, Rosenberg SA, Marincola FM. IRF5 gene polymorphisms in melanoma. J Transl Med 2012; 10:170. [PMID: 22909381 PMCID: PMC3492128 DOI: 10.1186/1479-5876-10-170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2012] [Accepted: 08/01/2012] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Interferon regulatory factor (IRF)-5 is a transcription factor involved in type I interferon signaling whose germ line variants have been associated with autoimmune pathogenesis. Since relationships have been observed between development of autoimmunity and responsiveness of melanoma to several types of immunotherapy, we tested whether polymorphisms of IRF5 are associated with responsiveness of melanoma to adoptive therapy with tumor infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs). Methods 140 TILs were genotyped for four single nucleotide polymorphisms (rs10954213, rs11770589, rs6953165, rs2004640) and one insertion-deletion in the IRF5 gene by sequencing. Gene-expression profile of the TILs, 112 parental melanoma metastases (MM) and 9 cell lines derived from some metastases were assessed by Affymetrix Human Gene ST 1.0 array. Results Lack of A allele in rs10954213 (G > A) was associated with non-response (p < 0.005). Other polymorphisms in strong linkage disequilibrium with rs10954213 demonstrated similar trends. Genes differentially expressed in vitro between cell lines carrying or not the A allele could be applied to the transcriptional profile of 112 melanoma metastases to predict their responsiveness to therapy, suggesting that IRF5 genotype may influence immune responsiveness by affecting the intrinsic biology of melanoma. Conclusions This study is the first to analyze associations between melanoma immune responsiveness and IRF5 polymorphism. The results support a common genetic basis which may underline the development of autoimmunity and melanoma immune responsiveness.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lorenzo Uccellini
- Infectious Disease and Immunogenetics Section, Department of Transfusion Medicine, Clinical Center and trans-NIH Center for Human Immunology, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
40
|
Bedognetti D, Tomei S, Spivey TL, De Giorgi V, Ascierto ML, Wang E, Dudley ME, Uccellini L, Sertoli MR, Marincola F, Rosenberg SA. Evaluation of chemokine-ligand pathways in pretreatment tumor biopsies as predictive biomarker of response to adoptive therapy in metastatic melanoma patients. J Clin Oncol 2012. [DOI: 10.1200/jco.2012.30.15_suppl.8576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
8576 Background: Adoptive therapy with tumor infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) induces objective responses (OR) in approximately 50% of patients with metastatic melanoma. The recruitment of TILs through CXCR3/CCR5-ligand chemokines is believed critical for immune-mediated rejection. Here, we investigated the predictive role of a gene-signature based on CXCR3/CCR5-ligand chemokine transcripts in pre-treatment melanoma biopsies, its biological role and its relation with CCR5-Δ32 polymorphism, which encodes a protein not expressed on cell surface. Methods: Expression of CXCR3/CXCR3-ligand transcripts (i.e CXCL9, 10, 11) and CCR5/CCR5-ligand transcripts (i.e. CCL3, 4, 5) were assessed in 113 pre-treatment tumor biopsies from patients enrolled in adoptive therapy trials: 24 patients achieved a complete remission (CR), 34 a partial remission (PR), and 55 did not respond (NR). Copy number variation and gene expression profile of these target genes were assessed in 15 biopsy-derived cell lines. CCR5-Δ32 was assessed by sequencing germinal DNA. Results: CXCL9, 10 and 11 and CCL5 clustered together and were selected for hierarchical clustering analysis based on the mean-centered gene expression values. A signature characterized by the over-expression of these genes was associated with the likelihood to achieve a clinical response (OR rate: PR+CR: 65% vs 38%, High vs Low, respectively, P=0.015). Neither correlation between the copy number variation and the gene-expression of the corresponding genes, nor correlation between the transcripts of the investigated genes between tumor biopsies and the matched cell lines was detected. Transcript expression of the target genes did not differ between CCR5-Δ32 (n =20) and wild type patients (n=93). Conclusions: Coordinate over-expression of CXCR3/CCR5 ligands in pre-treatment tumor samples was associated with responsiveness to treatment. However, the lack of correlation between in vivo and ex vivo data suggest the inflammatory status characterized by the up-regulation of these inflammatory chemokine genes is an in vivo multifactorial phenomenon.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Sara Tomei
- National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
| | | | | | | | - Ena Wang
- National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
| | - Mark E. Dudley
- Surgery Branch, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
| | | | | | | | - Steven A. Rosenberg
- Surgery Branch, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
| |
Collapse
|
41
|
Spivey TL, De Giorgi V, Zhao Y, Bedognetti D, Pos Z, Liu Q, Tomei S, Ascierto ML, Uccellini L, Reinboth J, Chouchane L, Stroncek DF, Wang E, Marincola FM. The stable traits of melanoma genetics: an alternate approach to target discovery. BMC Genomics 2012; 13:156. [PMID: 22537248 PMCID: PMC3362771 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2164-13-156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2011] [Accepted: 04/26/2012] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The weight that gene copy number plays in transcription remains controversial; although in specific cases gene expression correlates with copy number, the relationship cannot be inferred at the global level. We hypothesized that genes steadily expressed by 15 melanoma cell lines (CMs) and their parental tissues (TMs) should be critical for oncogenesis and their expression most frequently influenced by their respective copy number. Results Functional interpretation of 3,030 transcripts concordantly expressed (Pearson's correlation coefficient p-value < 0.05) by CMs and TMs confirmed an enrichment of functions crucial to oncogenesis. Among them, 968 were expressed according to the transcriptional efficiency predicted by copy number analysis (Pearson's correlation coefficient p-value < 0.05). We named these genes, "genomic delegates" as they represent at the transcriptional level the genetic footprint of individual cancers. We then tested whether the genes could categorize 112 melanoma metastases. Two divergent phenotypes were observed: one with prevalent expression of cancer testis antigens, enhanced cyclin activity, WNT signaling, and a Th17 immune phenotype (Class A). This phenotype expressed, therefore, transcripts previously associated to more aggressive cancer. The second class (B) prevalently expressed genes associated with melanoma signaling including MITF, melanoma differentiation antigens, and displayed a Th1 immune phenotype associated with better prognosis and likelihood to respond to immunotherapy. An intermediate third class (C) was further identified. The three phenotypes were confirmed by unsupervised principal component analysis. Conclusions This study suggests that clinically relevant phenotypes of melanoma can be retraced to stable oncogenic properties of cancer cells linked to their genetic back bone, and offers a roadmap for uncovering novel targets for tailored anti-cancer therapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tara L Spivey
- Infectious Disease and Immunogenetics Section (IDIS), Department of Transfusion Medicine, Clinical Center and trans-NIH Center for Human Immunology (CHI), National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
42
|
Spivey TL, Uccellini L, Ascierto ML, Zoppoli G, De Giorgi V, Delogu LG, Engle AM, Thomas JM, Wang E, Marincola FM, Bedognetti D. Gene expression profiling in acute allograft rejection: challenging the immunologic constant of rejection hypothesis. J Transl Med 2011; 9:174. [PMID: 21992116 PMCID: PMC3213224 DOI: 10.1186/1479-5876-9-174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2011] [Accepted: 10/12/2011] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
In humans, the role and relationship between molecular pathways that lead to tissue destruction during acute allograft rejection are not fully understood. Based on studies conducted in humans, we recently hypothesized that different immune-mediated tissue destruction processes (i.e. cancer, infection, autoimmunity) share common convergent final mechanisms. We called this phenomenon the "Immunologic Constant of Rejection (ICR)." The elements of the ICR include molecular pathways that are consistently described through different immune-mediated tissue destruction processes and demonstrate the activation of interferon-stimulated genes (ISGs), the recruitment of cytotoxic immune cells (primarily through CXCR3/CCR5 ligand pathways), and the activation of immune effector function genes (IEF genes; granzymes A/B, perforin, etc.). Here, we challenge the ICR hypothesis by using a meta-analytical approach and systematically reviewing microarray studies evaluating gene expression on tissue biopsies during acute allograft rejection. We found the pillars of the ICR consistently present among the studies reviewed, despite implicit heterogeneity. Additionally, we provide a descriptive mechanistic overview of acute allograft rejection by describing those molecular pathways most frequently encountered and thereby thought to be most significant. The biological role of the following molecular pathways is described: IFN-γ, CXCR3/CCR5 ligand, IEF genes, TNF-α, IL-10, IRF-1/STAT-1, and complement pathways. The role of NK cell, B cell and T-regulatory cell signatures are also addressed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tara L Spivey
- Infectious Disease and Immunogenetics Section (IDIS), Department of Transfusion Medicine, Clinical Center and trans-NIH Center for Human Immunology (CHI), National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
43
|
Ascierto ML, Giorgi VD, Liu Q, Bedognetti D, Spivey TL, Murtas D, Uccellini L, Ayotte BD, Stroncek DF, Chouchane L, Manjili MH, Wang E, Marincola FM. An immunologic portrait of cancer. J Transl Med 2011; 9:146. [PMID: 21875439 PMCID: PMC3175185 DOI: 10.1186/1479-5876-9-146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2011] [Accepted: 08/29/2011] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
The advent of high-throughput technology challenges the traditional histopathological classification of cancer, and proposes new taxonomies derived from global transcriptional patterns. Although most of these molecular re-classifications did not endure the test of time, they provided bulk of new information that can reframe our understanding of human cancer biology. Here, we focus on an immunologic interpretation of cancer that segregates oncogenic processes independent from their tissue derivation into at least two categories of which one bears the footprints of immune activation. Several observations describe a cancer phenotype where the expression of interferon stimulated genes and immune effector mechanisms reflect patterns commonly observed during the inflammatory response against pathogens, which leads to elimination of infected cells. As these signatures are observed in growing cancers, they are not sufficient to entirely clear the organism of neoplastic cells but they sustain, as in chronic infections, a self-perpetuating inflammatory process. Yet, several studies determined an association between this inflammatory status and a favorable natural history of the disease or a better responsiveness to cancer immune therapy. Moreover, these signatures overlap with those observed during immune-mediated cancer rejection and, more broadly, immune-mediated tissue-specific destruction in other immune pathologies. Thus, a discussion concerning this cancer phenotype is warranted as it remains unknown why it occurs in immune competent hosts. It also remains uncertain whether a genetically determined response of the host to its own cancer, the genetic makeup of the neoplastic process or a combination of both drives the inflammatory process. Here we reflect on commonalities and discrepancies among studies and on the genetic or somatic conditions that may cause this schism in cancer behavior.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maria Libera Ascierto
- Infectious Disease and Immunogenetics Section (IDIS), Department of Transfusion Medicine, Clinical Center and Trans-NIH Center for Human Immunology (CHI), National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, 20892, USA
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Genoa, Italy
- Center of Excellence for Biomedical Research (CEBR), Genoa, Italy
| | - Valeria De Giorgi
- Infectious Disease and Immunogenetics Section (IDIS), Department of Transfusion Medicine, Clinical Center and Trans-NIH Center for Human Immunology (CHI), National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, 20892, USA
| | - Qiuzhen Liu
- Infectious Disease and Immunogenetics Section (IDIS), Department of Transfusion Medicine, Clinical Center and Trans-NIH Center for Human Immunology (CHI), National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, 20892, USA
| | - Davide Bedognetti
- Infectious Disease and Immunogenetics Section (IDIS), Department of Transfusion Medicine, Clinical Center and Trans-NIH Center for Human Immunology (CHI), National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, 20892, USA
- Center of Excellence for Biomedical Research (CEBR), Genoa, Italy
- Department of Oncology, Biology and Genetics and National Cancer Research Institute of Genoa, Italy
| | - Tara L Spivey
- Infectious Disease and Immunogenetics Section (IDIS), Department of Transfusion Medicine, Clinical Center and Trans-NIH Center for Human Immunology (CHI), National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, 20892, USA
| | - Daniela Murtas
- Infectious Disease and Immunogenetics Section (IDIS), Department of Transfusion Medicine, Clinical Center and Trans-NIH Center for Human Immunology (CHI), National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, 20892, USA
| | - Lorenzo Uccellini
- Infectious Disease and Immunogenetics Section (IDIS), Department of Transfusion Medicine, Clinical Center and Trans-NIH Center for Human Immunology (CHI), National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, 20892, USA
| | - Ben D Ayotte
- Department of Biology, Northern Michigan University, Marquette, MI 49855,USA
| | - David F Stroncek
- Infectious Disease and Immunogenetics Section (IDIS), Department of Transfusion Medicine, Clinical Center and Trans-NIH Center for Human Immunology (CHI), National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, 20892, USA
| | - Lotfi Chouchane
- Weill Cornell Medical College in Qatar, Education City, Doha Qatar Box 24144
| | - Masoud H Manjili
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Virginia Commonwealth University Massey Cancer Center, Richmond, VA 23298, USA
| | - Ena Wang
- Infectious Disease and Immunogenetics Section (IDIS), Department of Transfusion Medicine, Clinical Center and Trans-NIH Center for Human Immunology (CHI), National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, 20892, USA
| | - Francesco M Marincola
- Infectious Disease and Immunogenetics Section (IDIS), Department of Transfusion Medicine, Clinical Center and Trans-NIH Center for Human Immunology (CHI), National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, 20892, USA
| |
Collapse
|
44
|
Xie Q, Bradley R, Kang L, Koeman J, Worschech A, De Giorgi V, Wang E, Kefene L, Su Y, Essenburg C, Kaufman D, DeKoning T, Enter M, J.O'Rourke T, Marincola F, Vande Woude GF. Abstract LB-223: Dissecting the therapeutic determinants of MET inhibition in Glioblastoma: HGF-autocrine loop predicts sensitivity to MET inhibitor. Cancer Res 2011. [DOI: 10.1158/1538-7445.am2011-lb-223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Due to its invasive nature, glioblastoma (GBM) is the most aggressive brain cancer. Hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) binds to MET tyrosine kinase receptor and induces invasive tumor growth. As MET inhibitors are entering clinical trials against several types of cancer including GBM, it is compelling to identify therapeutic determinants which could indicate which patient subsets are suitable for this therapy. We investigated in vivo four types of GBM models for their sensitivity to MET (SGX523*) or EGFR (erlotinib*) inhibitors: 1) Tumors sustained by an HGF-autocrine loop; 2) tumors displaying paracrine HGF tumor growth; and 3) tumors with polysomy MET amplification. 4) In addition, GBM tumors with epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) amplification were included, as this occurs frequently in GBM patients and often in association with MET aberrancy. Of the four tumor types, we observed that HGF-autocrine loop expression correlates with p-MET levels in the HGF autocrine cell lines, which in turn are extremely sensitive to MET inhibition in vivo. Moreover, serum HGF levels in HGF-autocrine loop GBM xenografts correlate with MET inhibition. Paracrine HGF can enhance GBM growth in vivo, but they were not significantly sensitive to MET inhibition. In type 4, EGFR VIII amplification predicted sensitivity to erlotinib, but MET polysomy in the same tumor did not display MET activity and the cells did not show sensitivity to MET inhibition. We conclude that HGF-autocrine loop GBM tumors bear an activated MET signaling pathway that may be used to predict sensitivity to MET inhibitors in GBM patients. However, targeting MET alone may not be sufficient for treating GBM and the combination of MET with other RTK inhibitors, especially EGFR inhibitors should be considered.
*SGX523, a selective small molecule MET inhibitor, was obtained from Eli Lilly and Company, Indianapolis IN.
*Erlotinib inhibits EGFR and was a generous gift from OSI Pharmaceuticals, Long Island N.Y.
Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 102nd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2011 Apr 2-6; Orlando, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2011;71(8 Suppl):Abstract nr LB-223. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2011-LB-223
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qian Xie
- 1Van Andel Research Inst., Grand Rapids, MI
| | | | - Liang Kang
- 1Van Andel Research Inst., Grand Rapids, MI
| | | | - Andrea Worschech
- 2Infectious Disease and Immunogenetics Section, Dept of Transfusion Medicine, Clinical Ctr, NIH, Bethesda, MD
| | - Valeria De Giorgi
- 2Infectious Disease and Immunogenetics Section, Dept of Transfusion Medicine, Clinical Ctr, NIH, Bethesda, MD
| | - Ena Wang
- 3Infectious Disease and Immunogenetics Section, Dept of Transfusion medicine, Clinical Ctr, NIH, Bethesda, MD
| | | | - Yanli Su
- 1Van Andel Research Inst., Grand Rapids, MI
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Francesco Marincola
- 2Infectious Disease and Immunogenetics Section, Dept of Transfusion Medicine, Clinical Ctr, NIH, Bethesda, MD
| | | |
Collapse
|
45
|
De Giorgi V, Monaco A, Worchech A, Tornesello M, Izzo F, Buonaguro L, Marincola FM, Wang E, Buonaguro FM. Gene profiling, biomarkers and pathways characterizing HCV-related hepatocellular carcinoma. J Transl Med 2009; 7:85. [PMID: 19821982 PMCID: PMC2768694 DOI: 10.1186/1479-5876-7-85] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2009] [Accepted: 10/12/2009] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection is a major cause of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) worldwide. The molecular mechanisms of HCV-induced hepatocarcinogenesis are not yet fully elucidated. Besides indirect effects as tissue inflammation and regeneration, a more direct oncogenic activity of HCV can be postulated leading to an altered expression of cellular genes by early HCV viral proteins. In the present study, a comparison of gene expression patterns has been performed by microarray analysis on liver biopsies from HCV-positive HCC patients and HCV-negative controls. Methods Gene expression profiling of liver tissues has been performed using a high-density microarray containing 36'000 oligos, representing 90% of the human genes. Samples were obtained from 14 patients affected by HCV-related HCC and 7 HCV-negative non-liver-cancer patients, enrolled at INT in Naples. Transcriptional profiles identified in liver biopsies from HCC nodules and paired non-adjacent non-HCC liver tissue of the same HCV-positive patients were compared to those from HCV-negative controls by the Cluster program. The pathway analysis was performed using the BRB-Array- Tools based on the "Ingenuity System Database". Significance threshold of t-test was set at 0.001. Results Significant differences were found between the expression patterns of several genes falling into different metabolic and inflammation/immunity pathways in HCV-related HCC tissues as well as the non-HCC counterpart compared to normal liver tissues. Only few genes were found differentially expressed between HCV-related HCC tissues and paired non-HCC counterpart. Conclusion In this study, informative data on the global gene expression pattern of HCV-related HCC and non-HCC counterpart, as well as on their difference with the one observed in normal liver tissues have been obtained. These results may lead to the identification of specific biomarkers relevant to develop tools for detection, diagnosis, and classification of HCV-related HCC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Valeria De Giorgi
- Molecular Biology and Viral Oncogenesis & AIDS Refer, Center, Ist, Naz, Tumori Fond, G Pascale, Naples, Italy.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|