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Cerneckis J, Cai H, Shi Y. Induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs): molecular mechanisms of induction and applications. Signal Transduct Target Ther 2024; 9:112. [PMID: 38670977 PMCID: PMC11053163 DOI: 10.1038/s41392-024-01809-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2023] [Revised: 03/09/2024] [Accepted: 03/17/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
The induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC) technology has transformed in vitro research and holds great promise to advance regenerative medicine. iPSCs have the capacity for an almost unlimited expansion, are amenable to genetic engineering, and can be differentiated into most somatic cell types. iPSCs have been widely applied to model human development and diseases, perform drug screening, and develop cell therapies. In this review, we outline key developments in the iPSC field and highlight the immense versatility of the iPSC technology for in vitro modeling and therapeutic applications. We begin by discussing the pivotal discoveries that revealed the potential of a somatic cell nucleus for reprogramming and led to successful generation of iPSCs. We consider the molecular mechanisms and dynamics of somatic cell reprogramming as well as the numerous methods available to induce pluripotency. Subsequently, we discuss various iPSC-based cellular models, from mono-cultures of a single cell type to complex three-dimensional organoids, and how these models can be applied to elucidate the mechanisms of human development and diseases. We use examples of neurological disorders, coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), and cancer to highlight the diversity of disease-specific phenotypes that can be modeled using iPSC-derived cells. We also consider how iPSC-derived cellular models can be used in high-throughput drug screening and drug toxicity studies. Finally, we discuss the process of developing autologous and allogeneic iPSC-based cell therapies and their potential to alleviate human diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonas Cerneckis
- Department of Neurodegenerative Diseases, Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, Duarte, CA, 91010, USA
- Irell & Manella Graduate School of Biological Sciences, Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, Duarte, CA, 91010, USA
| | - Hongxia Cai
- Department of Neurodegenerative Diseases, Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, Duarte, CA, 91010, USA
| | - Yanhong Shi
- Department of Neurodegenerative Diseases, Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, Duarte, CA, 91010, USA.
- Irell & Manella Graduate School of Biological Sciences, Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, Duarte, CA, 91010, USA.
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Lyu L, Feng Y, Huang B, Xu RH, Hu Y. Mapping the global landscape for induced pluripotent stem cells from patents and clinical trials. Nat Biotechnol 2024; 42:563-569. [PMID: 38632441 DOI: 10.1038/s41587-024-02196-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/19/2024]
Affiliation(s)
- Liyang Lyu
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macao SAR, China
| | - Ye Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macao SAR, China
| | - Borong Huang
- Center of Reproduction, Development & Aging, and Institute of Translational Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Macao SAR, China
- Ministry of Education Frontiers Science Center for Precision Oncology, University of Macau, Macao SAR, China
| | - Ren-He Xu
- Center of Reproduction, Development & Aging, and Institute of Translational Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Macao SAR, China.
- Ministry of Education Frontiers Science Center for Precision Oncology, University of Macau, Macao SAR, China.
| | - Yuanjia Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macao SAR, China.
- DPM, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Macao SAR, China.
- Centre for Pharmaceutical Regulatory Sciences, University of Macau, Macao SAR, China.
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Bae J, Kitayama S, Herbert Z, Daheron L, Kurata K, Keskin DB, Livak K, Li S, Tarannum M, Romee R, Samur M, Munshi NC, Kaneko S, Ritz J, Anderson KC. Differentiation of BCMA-specific induced pluripotent stem cells into rejuvenated CD8αβ+ T cells targeting multiple myeloma. Blood 2024; 143:895-911. [PMID: 37890146 PMCID: PMC10940063 DOI: 10.1182/blood.2023020528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2023] [Revised: 10/16/2023] [Accepted: 10/17/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
ABSTRACT A major hurdle in adoptive T-cell therapy is cell exhaustion and failure to maintain antitumor responses. Here, we introduce an induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC) strategy for reprogramming and revitalizing precursor exhausted B-cell maturation antigen (BCMA)-specific T cells to effectively target multiple myeloma (MM). Heteroclitic BCMA72-80 (YLMFLLRKI)-specific CD8+ memory cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTL) were epigenetically reprogrammed to a pluripotent state, developed into hematopoietic progenitor cells (CD34+ CD43+/CD14- CD235a-), differentiated into the T-cell lineage and evaluated for their polyfunctional activities against MM. The final T-cell products demonstrated (1) mature CD8αβ+ memory phenotype, (2) high expression of activation or costimulatory molecules (CD38, CD28, and 41BB), (3) no expression of immune checkpoint and senescence markers (CTLA4, PD1, LAG3, and TIM3; CD57), and (4) robust proliferation and polyfunctional immune responses to MM. The BCMA-specific iPSC-T cells possessed a single T-cell receptor clonotype with cognate BCMA peptide recognition and specificity for targeting MM. RNA sequencing analyses revealed distinct genome-wide shifts and a distinctive transcriptional profile in selected iPSC clones, which can develop CD8αβ+ memory T cells. This includes a repertoire of gene regulators promoting T-cell lineage development, memory CTL activation, and immune response regulation (LCK, IL7R, 4-1BB, TRAIL, GZMB, FOXF1, and ITGA1). This study highlights the potential application of iPSC technology to an adaptive T-cell therapy protocol and identifies specific transcriptional patterns that could serve as a biomarker for selection of suitable iPSC clones for the successful development of antigen-specific CD8αβ+ memory T cells to improve the outcome in patients with MM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jooeun Bae
- Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Shuichi Kitayama
- Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Zach Herbert
- Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | | | - Keiji Kurata
- Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Derin B. Keskin
- Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Kenneth Livak
- Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Shuqiang Li
- Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA
| | - Mubin Tarannum
- Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Rizwan Romee
- Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Mehmet Samur
- Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Nikhil C. Munshi
- Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Shin Kaneko
- Center for iPS Cell Research and Application, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Jerome Ritz
- Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Kenneth C. Anderson
- Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
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Ma L, Xiao C, Zhang Z, Zhan YA. Exosomes secreted from induced pluripotent stem cell ameliorate the lipopolysaccharide induced neuroinflammatory response via lncRNA-0949. Immun Inflamm Dis 2024; 12:e1155. [PMID: 38533916 DOI: 10.1002/iid3.1155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2023] [Revised: 11/01/2023] [Accepted: 01/05/2024] [Indexed: 03/28/2024] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE To study the effect of exosomes derived from the induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) in the neuroinflammatory response of microglia caused by lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and reveal the potential underlying mechanism. METHODS A permanent microglia cell line HMO6 was activated by LPS. The features of exosomes were analyzed by nano flow cytometry, Western blot and transmission electron microscope. The RNA-seq was used to analyze the difference of noncoding RNA profiles between iPSC-Exos and HMO6 derived exosomes and proved that long no-coding RNA (lncRNA-0949) was highly expressed in the iPSC-Exos. Activated HMO6 cells were cocultured with iPSC-Exos in which lncRNA-0949 was overexpressed, knocked down or normally expressed. Quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR), Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay and Western blot assay were adopted to analyze RNA and protein expression of inflammatory factors in HMO6 cells. RESULTS The oxidative stress and inflammatory response of microglia were significantly attenuated with the iPSC derived exosomes treatment. LncRNA-0949 was effectively delivered into the HMO6 cells through the iPSC-Exos, which largely alleviated the production of malondialdehyde, IL-6, IL-1β and TNF-α in HMO6 cells. Overexpression of lncRNA-0949 could enhance the anti-inflammatory effect of the iPSC-Exos, and knock-down of lncRNA-0949 impaired this availability. CONCLUSION According to our results, lncRNA-0949 enriched exosomes from iPSC could potentially be used as a therapeutic strategy to prevent/treat neuroinflammatory diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lixiu Ma
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jian, People's Republic of China
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Nanchang, Jiangxi Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Ce Xiao
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jian, People's Republic of China
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Nanchang, Jiangxi Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhizhe Zhang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jian, People's Republic of China
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Nanchang, Jiangxi Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Yi-An Zhan
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jian, People's Republic of China
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Nanchang, Jiangxi Province, People's Republic of China
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Zhang T, Qian C, Song M, Tang Y, Zhou Y, Dong G, Shen Q, Chen W, Wang A, Shen S, Zhao Y, Lu Y. Application Prospect of Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells in Organoids and Cell Therapy. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:2680. [PMID: 38473926 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25052680] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2024] [Revised: 02/13/2024] [Accepted: 02/23/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Since its inception, induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC) technology has been hailed as a powerful tool for comprehending disease etiology and advancing drug screening across various domains. While earlier iPSC-based disease modeling and drug assessment primarily operated at the cellular level, recent years have witnessed a significant shift towards organoid-based investigations. Organoids derived from iPSCs offer distinct advantages, particularly in enabling the observation of disease progression and drug metabolism in an in vivo-like environment, surpassing the capabilities of iPSC-derived cells. Furthermore, iPSC-based cell therapy has emerged as a focal point of clinical interest. In this review, we provide an extensive overview of non-integrative reprogramming methods that have evolved since the inception of iPSC technology. We also deliver a comprehensive examination of iPSC-derived organoids, spanning the realms of the nervous system, cardiovascular system, and oncology, as well as systematically elucidate recent advancements in iPSC-related cell therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teng Zhang
- Jiangsu Joint International Research Laboratory of Chinese Medicine and Regenerative Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Pharmacology and Safety Evaluation of Chinese Materia Medica, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Cheng Qian
- Jiangsu Joint International Research Laboratory of Chinese Medicine and Regenerative Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Pharmacology and Safety Evaluation of Chinese Materia Medica, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Mengyao Song
- Jiangsu Joint International Research Laboratory of Chinese Medicine and Regenerative Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Pharmacology and Safety Evaluation of Chinese Materia Medica, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Yu Tang
- Jiangsu Joint International Research Laboratory of Chinese Medicine and Regenerative Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Pharmacology and Safety Evaluation of Chinese Materia Medica, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Yueke Zhou
- Jiangsu Joint International Research Laboratory of Chinese Medicine and Regenerative Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Pharmacology and Safety Evaluation of Chinese Materia Medica, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Guanglu Dong
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Pharmacology and Safety Evaluation of Chinese Materia Medica, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Medicine & Holistic Integrative Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Qiuhong Shen
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Pharmacology and Safety Evaluation of Chinese Materia Medica, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Medicine & Holistic Integrative Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Wenxing Chen
- Jiangsu Joint International Research Laboratory of Chinese Medicine and Regenerative Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Pharmacology and Safety Evaluation of Chinese Materia Medica, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Aiyun Wang
- Jiangsu Joint International Research Laboratory of Chinese Medicine and Regenerative Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Pharmacology and Safety Evaluation of Chinese Materia Medica, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Sanbing Shen
- Regenerative Medicine Institute, School of Medicine, University of Galway, H91 W2TY Galway, Ireland
| | - Yang Zhao
- Jiangsu Joint International Research Laboratory of Chinese Medicine and Regenerative Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Pharmacology and Safety Evaluation of Chinese Materia Medica, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Medicine & Holistic Integrative Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Yin Lu
- Jiangsu Joint International Research Laboratory of Chinese Medicine and Regenerative Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Pharmacology and Safety Evaluation of Chinese Materia Medica, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China
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Marques BL, Maciel GF, Brito MR, Dias LD, Scalzo S, Santos AK, Kihara AH, da Costa Santiago H, Parreira RC, Birbrair A, Resende RR. Regulatory mechanisms of stem cell differentiation: Biotechnological applications for neurogenesis. Semin Cell Dev Biol 2023; 144:11-19. [PMID: 36202693 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcdb.2022.09.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2022] [Revised: 09/20/2022] [Accepted: 09/27/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The world population's life expectancy is growing, and neurodegenerative disorders common in old age require more efficient therapies. In this context, neural stem cells (NSCs) are imperative for the development and maintenance of the functioning of the nervous system and have broad therapeutic applicability for neurodegenerative diseases. Therefore, knowing all the mechanisms that govern the self-renewal, differentiation, and cell signaling of NSC is necessary. This review will address some of these aspects, including the role of growth and transcription factors, epigenetic modulators, microRNAs, and extracellular matrix components. Furthermore, differentiation and transdifferentiation processes will be addressed as therapeutic strategies showing their significance for stem cell-based therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bruno L Marques
- Departamento de Farmacologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Goiás, Goiânia, GO, Brazil
| | | | - Marcello R Brito
- Centro Universitário de Mineiros - UNIFIMES, Campus Trindade, GO, Brazil
| | - Lucas D Dias
- Centro Universitário de Mineiros - UNIFIMES, Campus Trindade, GO, Brazil
| | - Sérgio Scalzo
- Departamento de Fisiologia e Biofísica, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Anderson K Santos
- Departamento de Fisiologia e Biofísica, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Alexandre Hiroaki Kihara
- Centro de Matemática, Computação e Cognição, Universidade Federal do ABC, São Bernardo do Campo, SP, Brazil
| | - Helton da Costa Santiago
- Departamento de Bioquímica e Imunologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Ricardo C Parreira
- Centro Universitário de Mineiros - UNIFIMES, Campus Trindade, GO, Brazil
| | - Alexander Birbrair
- Departamento de Patologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Rodrigo R Resende
- Departamento de Bioquímica e Imunologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil.
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Abstract
Flaviviruses are vector-borne pathogens capable of causing devastating human diseases. The re-emergence of Zika in 2016 notoriously led to a widescale epidemic in the Americas. New daunting evidence suggests that a single mutation in Zika virus genome may increase transmission and pathogenesis, further highlighting the need to be prepared for flavivirus outbreaks. Dengue, in particular infects about 400 million people each year, leading to reoccurring local outbreaks. Public health efforts to mitigate flavivirus transmission is largely dependent on vector control strategies, as only a limited number of flavivirus vaccines have been developed thus far. There are currently no commercially available antivirals for flaviviruses, leaving supportive care as the primary treatment option. In this review, we will briefly paint a broad picture of the flavivirus landscape in terms of therapeutics, with particular focus on viral targets, promising novel compounds entering the drug discovery pipeline, as well as model systems for evaluating drug efficacy.
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Zhu Q, Liang P, Chu C, Zhang A, Zhou W. Protein sumoylation in normal and cancer stem cells. Front Mol Biosci 2022; 9:1095142. [PMID: 36601585 PMCID: PMC9806136 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2022.1095142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2022] [Accepted: 12/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Stem cells with the capacity of self-renewal and differentiation play pivotal roles in normal tissues and malignant tumors. Whereas stem cells are supposed to be genetically identical to their non-stem cell counterparts, cell stemness is deliberately regulated by a dynamic network of molecular mechanisms. Reversible post-translational protein modifications (PTMs) are rapid and reversible non-genetic processes that regulate essentially all physiological and pathological process. Numerous studies have reported the involvement of post-translational protein modifications in the acquirement and maintenance of cell stemness. Recent studies underscore the importance of protein sumoylation, i.e., the covalent attachment of the small ubiquitin-like modifiers (SUMO), as a critical post-translational protein modification in the stem cell populations in development and tumorigenesis. In this review, we summarize the functions of protein sumoylation in different kinds of normal and cancer stem cells. In addition, we describe the upstream regulators and the downstream effectors of protein sumoylation associated with cell stemness. We also introduce the translational studies aiming at sumoylation to target stem cells for disease treatment. Finally, we propose future directions for sumoylation studies in stem cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiuhong Zhu
- Intelligent Pathology Institute, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Panpan Liang
- Intelligent Pathology Institute, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Cuiying Chu
- Intelligent Pathology Institute, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Aili Zhang
- Department of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Sciences, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, United States,*Correspondence: Aili Zhang, ; Wenchao Zhou,
| | - Wenchao Zhou
- Intelligent Pathology Institute, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, China,*Correspondence: Aili Zhang, ; Wenchao Zhou,
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Andrews PW, Barbaric I, Benvenisty N, Draper JS, Ludwig T, Merkle FT, Sato Y, Spits C, Stacey GN, Wang H, Pera MF. The consequences of recurrent genetic and epigenetic variants in human pluripotent stem cells. Cell Stem Cell 2022; 29:1624-1636. [PMID: 36459966 DOI: 10.1016/j.stem.2022.11.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2022] [Revised: 11/08/2022] [Accepted: 11/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/05/2022]
Abstract
It is well established that human pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs) can acquire genetic and epigenetic changes during culture in vitro. Given the increasing use of hPSCs in research and therapy and the vast expansion in the number of hPSC lines available for researchers, the International Society for Stem Cell Research has recognized the need to reassess quality control standards for ensuring the genetic integrity of hPSCs. Here, we summarize current knowledge of the nature of recurrent genetic and epigenetic variants in hPSC culture, the methods for their detection, and what is known concerning their effects on cell behavior in vitro or in vivo. We argue that the potential consequences of low-level contamination of cell therapy products with cells bearing oncogenic variants are essentially unknown at present. We highlight the key challenges facing the field with particular reference to safety assessment of hPSC-derived cellular therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter W Andrews
- Centre for Stem Cell Biology, School of Biological Sciences, University of Sheffield, Western Bank, Sheffield, S10 2TN, UK; Steering Committee, International Stem Cell Initiative
| | - Ivana Barbaric
- Centre for Stem Cell Biology, School of Biological Sciences, University of Sheffield, Western Bank, Sheffield, S10 2TN, UK; Steering Committee, International Stem Cell Initiative
| | - Nissim Benvenisty
- The Azrieli Center for Stem Cells and Genetic Research, Department of Genetics, Silberman Institute of Life Sciences, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Edmond J. Safra Campus, Givat Ram, Jerusalem 91904, Israel; Steering Committee, International Stem Cell Initiative
| | - Jonathan S Draper
- Stem Cell Network, 501 Smyth Road, Ottawa, ON, K1H 8L6, Canada; Steering Committee, International Stem Cell Initiative
| | - Tenneille Ludwig
- WiCell Research Institute, Madison, WI, USA; University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53719, USA; Steering Committee, International Stem Cell Initiative
| | - Florian T Merkle
- Wellcome Trust-Medical Research Council Institute of Metabolic Science, Wellcome Trust-Medical Research Council Cambridge Stem Cell Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, UK; Steering Committee, International Stem Cell Initiative
| | - Yoji Sato
- Division of Cell-Based Therapeutic Products, National Institute of Health Sciences, 3-25-26 Tonomachi, Kawasaki Ward, Kawasaki City, Kanagawa 210-9501, Japan; Steering Committee, International Stem Cell Initiative
| | - Claudia Spits
- Research Group Reproduction and Genetics, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Laarbeeklaan 103, 1090 Brussels, Belgium; Steering Committee, International Stem Cell Initiative
| | - Glyn N Stacey
- International Stem Cell Banking Initiative, 2 High Street, Barley, UK; National Stem Cell Resource Centre, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China; Institute for Stem Cell and Regeneration, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China; Steering Committee, International Stem Cell Initiative
| | - Haoyi Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Reproductive Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100101, Beijing, China; Beijing Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, 100101, Beijing, China; Steering Committee, International Stem Cell Initiative
| | - Martin F Pera
- The Jackson Laboratory, 600 Main Street, Bar Harbor, ME 04609, USA; Steering Committee, International Stem Cell Initiative.
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10
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Greater genetic diversity is needed in human pluripotent stem cell models. Nat Commun 2022; 13:7301. [PMID: 36435871 PMCID: PMC9701202 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-34940-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2021] [Accepted: 11/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
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11
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Xeno-Free Integrated Platform for Robust Production of Cardiomyocyte Sheets from hiPSCs. Stem Cells Int 2022; 2022:4542719. [DOI: 10.1155/2022/4542719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2021] [Revised: 10/17/2022] [Accepted: 11/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Human induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs) can be efficiently differentiated into cardiomyocytes (CMs), which can be used for cardiac disease modeling, for drug screening, and to regenerate damaged myocardium. Implementation of xeno-free culture systems is essential to fully explore the potential of these cells. However, differentiation using xeno-free adhesion matrices often results in low CM yields and lack of functional CM sheets, capable of enduring additional maturation stages. Here, we established a xeno-free CM differentiation platform using TeSR/Synthemax, including a replating step and integrated with two versatile purification/enrichment metabolic approaches. Results showed that the replating step was essential to reestablish a fully integrated, closely-knit CM sheet. In addition, replating contributed to increase the cTnT expression from 65% to 75% and the output from 2.2 to 3.1 CM per hiPSC, comparable with the efficiency observed when using TeSR/Matrigel. In addition, supplementation with PluriSin1 and Glu-Lac+ medium allowed increasing the CM content over 80% without compromising CM sheet integrity or functionality. Thus, this xeno-free differentiation platform is a reliable and robust method to produce hiPSC-derived CMs, increasing the possibility of using these cells safely for a wide range of applications.
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Medina-Cano D, Corrigan EK, Glenn RA, Islam MT, Lin Y, Kim J, Cho H, Vierbuchen T. Rapid and robust directed differentiation of mouse epiblast stem cells into definitive endoderm and forebrain organoids. Development 2022; 149:dev200561. [PMID: 35899604 PMCID: PMC10655922 DOI: 10.1242/dev.200561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2022] [Accepted: 07/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Directed differentiation of pluripotent stem cells (PSCs) is a powerful model system for deconstructing embryonic development. Although mice are the most advanced mammalian model system for genetic studies of embryonic development, state-of-the-art protocols for directed differentiation of mouse PSCs into defined lineages require additional steps and generates target cell types with lower purity than analogous protocols for human PSCs, limiting their application as models for mechanistic studies of development. Here, we examine the potential of mouse epiblast stem cells cultured in media containing Wnt pathway inhibitors as a starting point for directed differentiation. As a proof of concept, we focused our efforts on two specific cell/tissue types that have proven difficult to generate efficiently and reproducibly from mouse embryonic stem cells: definitive endoderm and neural organoids. We present new protocols for rapid generation of nearly pure definitive endoderm and forebrain-patterned neural organoids that model the development of prethalamic and hippocampal neurons. These differentiation models present new possibilities for combining mouse genetic tools with in vitro differentiation to characterize molecular and cellular mechanisms of embryonic development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Medina-Cano
- Developmental Biology Program, Sloan Kettering Institute for Cancer Research, New York, NY 10065, USA
- Center for Stem Cell Biology, Sloan Kettering Institute for Cancer Research, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Emily K. Corrigan
- Developmental Biology Program, Sloan Kettering Institute for Cancer Research, New York, NY 10065, USA
- Center for Stem Cell Biology, Sloan Kettering Institute for Cancer Research, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Rachel A. Glenn
- Developmental Biology Program, Sloan Kettering Institute for Cancer Research, New York, NY 10065, USA
- Center for Stem Cell Biology, Sloan Kettering Institute for Cancer Research, New York, NY 10065, USA
- Cell and Developmental Biology Program, Weill Cornell Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Cornell University, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Mohammed T. Islam
- Developmental Biology Program, Sloan Kettering Institute for Cancer Research, New York, NY 10065, USA
- Center for Stem Cell Biology, Sloan Kettering Institute for Cancer Research, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Yuan Lin
- Developmental Biology Program, Sloan Kettering Institute for Cancer Research, New York, NY 10065, USA
- Center for Stem Cell Biology, Sloan Kettering Institute for Cancer Research, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Juliet Kim
- Developmental Biology Program, Sloan Kettering Institute for Cancer Research, New York, NY 10065, USA
- Center for Stem Cell Biology, Sloan Kettering Institute for Cancer Research, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Hyunwoo Cho
- Developmental Biology Program, Sloan Kettering Institute for Cancer Research, New York, NY 10065, USA
- Center for Stem Cell Biology, Sloan Kettering Institute for Cancer Research, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Thomas Vierbuchen
- Developmental Biology Program, Sloan Kettering Institute for Cancer Research, New York, NY 10065, USA
- Center for Stem Cell Biology, Sloan Kettering Institute for Cancer Research, New York, NY 10065, USA
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A real-time pluripotency reporter for the long-term and real-time monitoring of pluripotency changes in induced pluripotent stem cells. Aging (Albany NY) 2022; 14:4445-4458. [PMID: 35575836 PMCID: PMC9186763 DOI: 10.18632/aging.204083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2021] [Accepted: 02/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
To master the technology of reprogramming mouse somatic cells to induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs), which will lay a good foundation for setting up a technology platform on reprogramming human cancer cells into iPSCs. Mouse iPSCs (i.e., Oct4-GFP miPSCs) was successfully generated from mouse embryonic fibroblasts (MEFs) harboring Oct4-EGFP transgene by introducing four factors, Oct4, Sox2, c-Myc and Klf4, under mESC (Murine embryonic stem cells) culture conditions. Oct4-GFP miPSCs were similar to mESCs in morphology, proliferation, mESC-specific surface antigens and gene expression. Additionally, Oct4-GFP miPSCs could be cultured in suspension to form embryoid bodies (EBs) and differentiate into cell types of the three germ layers in vitro. Moreover, Oct4-GFP miPSCs could develop to teratoma and chimera in vivo. Unlike cell cycle distribution of MEFs, Oct4-GFP miPSCs are similar to mESCs in the cell cycle structure which consists of higher S phase and lower G1 phase. More importantly, our data demonstrated that MEFs harboring Oct4-EGFP transgene did not express GFP, until they were reprogrammed to the pluripotent stage (iPSCs), while the GFP expression was progressively lost when these pluripotent Oct4-GFP miPSCs exposed to EB-mediated differentiation conditions, suggesting the pluripotency of Oct4-GFP miPSCs can be real-time monitored over long periods of time via GFP assay. Altogether, our findings demonstrate that Oct4-GFP miPSC line is successfully established, which will lay a solid foundation for setting up a technology platform on reprogramming cancer cells into iPSCs. Furthermore, this pluripotency reporter system permits the long-term real-time monitoring of pluripotency changes in a live single-cell, and its progeny.
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Chaves LP, Melo CM, Saggioro FP, dos Reis RB, Squire JA. Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition Signaling and Prostate Cancer Stem Cells: Emerging Biomarkers and Opportunities for Precision Therapeutics. Genes (Basel) 2021; 12:1900. [PMID: 34946849 PMCID: PMC8701270 DOI: 10.3390/genes12121900] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2021] [Revised: 11/18/2021] [Accepted: 11/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Prostate cancers may reactivate a latent embryonic program called the epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) during the development of metastatic disease. Through EMT, tumors can develop a mesenchymal phenotype similar to cancer stem cell traits that contributes to metastasis and variation in therapeutic responses. Some of the recurrent somatic mutations of prostate cancer affect EMT driver genes and effector transcription factors that induce the chromatin- and androgen-dependent epigenetic alterations that characterize castrate-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC). EMT regulators in prostate cancer comprise transcription factors (SNAI1/2, ZEB1, TWIST1, and ETS), tumor suppressor genes (RB1, PTEN, and TP53), and post-transcriptional regulators (miRNAs) that under the selective pressures of antiandrogen therapy can develop an androgen-independent metastatic phenotype. In prostate cancer mouse models of EMT, Slug expression, as well as WNT/β-Catenin and notch signaling pathways, have been shown to increase stemness potential. Recent single-cell transcriptomic studies also suggest that the stemness phenotype of advanced prostate cancer may be related to EMT. Other evidence correlates EMT and stemness with immune evasion, for example, activation of the polycomb repressor complex I, promoting EMT and stemness and cytokine secretion through RB1, TP53, and PRC1. These findings are helping clinical trials in CRPC that seek to understand how drugs and biomarkers related to the acquisition of EMT can improve drug response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luiz Paulo Chaves
- Department of Genetics, Medicine School of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto 14048-900, SP, Brazil; (L.P.C.); (C.M.M.)
| | - Camila Morais Melo
- Department of Genetics, Medicine School of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto 14048-900, SP, Brazil; (L.P.C.); (C.M.M.)
| | - Fabiano Pinto Saggioro
- Pathology Department, Medicine School of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto 14048-900, SP, Brazil;
| | - Rodolfo Borges dos Reis
- Division of Urology, Department of Surgery and Anatomy, Medicine School of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto 14048-900, SP, Brazil;
| | - Jeremy Andrew Squire
- Department of Genetics, Medicine School of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto 14048-900, SP, Brazil; (L.P.C.); (C.M.M.)
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, Queen’s University, Kingston, ON K7L 3N6, Canada
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Ndjenda II MK, Nguelefack-Mbuyo EP, Hescheler J, Nguelefack TB, Nguemo F. Assessment of the In Vitro Cytotoxicity Effects of the Leaf Methanol Extract of Crinum zeylanicum on Mouse Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells and Their Cardiomyocytes Derivatives. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2021; 14:ph14121208. [PMID: 34959609 PMCID: PMC8704771 DOI: 10.3390/ph14121208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2021] [Revised: 11/18/2021] [Accepted: 11/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Crinum zeylanicum (C. zeylanicum) is commonly used in African folk medicine to treat cardiovascular ailments. In the present study, we investigated the cytotoxic effect of the leaf methanol extract of C. zeylanicum (CZE) using mouse pluripotent stem cells (mPSCs). mPSCs and their cardiomyocytes (CMs) derivatives were exposed to CZE at different concentrations. Cell proliferation, differentiation capacity, and beating activity were assessed using xCELLigence system and microscopy for embryoid body (EB) morphology. Expression of markers associated with major cardiac cell types was examined by immunofluorescence and quantitative RT-PCR. Intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels were assessed by dichlorodihydrofluorescein diacetate staining. The results showed that the plant extract significantly reduced cell proliferation and viability in a concentration- and time-dependent manner. This was accompanied by a decrease in EB size and an increase in intracellular ROS. High concentrations of CZE decreased the expression of some important cardiac biomarkers. In addition, CZE treatment was associated with poor sarcomere structural organization of CMs and significantly decreased the amplitude and beating rate of CMs, without affecting CMs viability. These results indicate that CZE might be toxic at high concentrations in the embryonic stages of stem cells and could modulate the contracting activity of CMs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magloire Kanyou Ndjenda II
- Research Unit of Animal Physiology and Phytopharmacology, Faculty of Science, University of Dschang, P.O. Box 67 Dschang, Cameroon; (M.K.N.II); (E.P.N.-M.); (T.B.N.)
| | - Elvine Pami Nguelefack-Mbuyo
- Research Unit of Animal Physiology and Phytopharmacology, Faculty of Science, University of Dschang, P.O. Box 67 Dschang, Cameroon; (M.K.N.II); (E.P.N.-M.); (T.B.N.)
| | - Jürgen Hescheler
- Center for Physiology, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, Robert-Koch-Str. 39, 50931 Cologne, Germany;
| | - Télesphore Benoît Nguelefack
- Research Unit of Animal Physiology and Phytopharmacology, Faculty of Science, University of Dschang, P.O. Box 67 Dschang, Cameroon; (M.K.N.II); (E.P.N.-M.); (T.B.N.)
| | - Filomain Nguemo
- Center for Physiology, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, Robert-Koch-Str. 39, 50931 Cologne, Germany;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +49-221-478-6940; Fax: +49-221-478-3834
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