1
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Lin Y, Wu TY, Chen X, Wan S, Chao B, Xin J, Yang JYH, Wong WH, Wang YXR. Data integration and inference of gene regulation using single-cell temporal multimodal data with scTIE. Genome Res 2024; 34:119-133. [PMID: 38190633 PMCID: PMC10903952 DOI: 10.1101/gr.277960.123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2023] [Accepted: 12/13/2023] [Indexed: 01/10/2024]
Abstract
Single-cell technologies offer unprecedented opportunities to dissect gene regulatory mechanisms in context-specific ways. Although there are computational methods for extracting gene regulatory relationships from scRNA-seq and scATAC-seq data, the data integration problem, essential for accurate cell type identification, has been mostly treated as a standalone challenge. Here we present scTIE, a unified method that integrates temporal multimodal data and infers regulatory relationships predictive of cellular state changes. scTIE uses an autoencoder to embed cells from all time points into a common space by using iterative optimal transport, followed by extracting interpretable information to predict cell trajectories. Using a variety of synthetic and real temporal multimodal data sets, we show scTIE achieves effective data integration while preserving more biological signals than existing methods, particularly in the presence of batch effects and noise. Furthermore, on the exemplar multiome data set we generated from differentiating mouse embryonic stem cells over time, we show scTIE captures regulatory elements highly predictive of cell transition probabilities, providing new potentials to understand the regulatory landscape driving developmental processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingxin Lin
- School of Mathematics and Statistics, The University of Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
- Charles Perkins Centre, The University of Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
- Laboratory of Data Discovery for Health Limited (D24H), Science Park, Hong Kong SAR 999077, China
| | - Tung-Yu Wu
- Department of Statistics, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305-4020, USA
| | - Xi Chen
- Department of Statistics, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305-4020, USA
| | - Sheng Wan
- Institute of Electronics, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu 30010, Taiwan
| | - Brian Chao
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305-9505, USA
| | - Jingxue Xin
- Department of Statistics, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305-4020, USA
| | - Jean Y H Yang
- School of Mathematics and Statistics, The University of Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
- Charles Perkins Centre, The University of Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
- Laboratory of Data Discovery for Health Limited (D24H), Science Park, Hong Kong SAR 999077, China
| | - Wing H Wong
- Department of Statistics, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305-4020, USA;
- Department of Biomedical Data Science, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305-5464, USA
- Bio-X Program, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, USA
| | - Y X Rachel Wang
- School of Mathematics and Statistics, The University of Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia;
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2
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Lin Y, Wu TY, Chen X, Wan S, Chao B, Xin J, Yang JY, Wong WH, Wang YXR. scTIE: data integration and inference of gene regulation using single-cell temporal multimodal data. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.05.18.541381. [PMID: 37292801 PMCID: PMC10245711 DOI: 10.1101/2023.05.18.541381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Single-cell technologies offer unprecedented opportunities to dissect gene regulatory mechanisms in context-specific ways. Although there are computational methods for extracting gene regulatory relationships from scRNA-seq and scATAC-seq data, the data integration problem, essential for accurate cell type identification, has been mostly treated as a standalone challenge. Here we present scTIE, a unified method that integrates temporal multimodal data and infers regulatory relationships predictive of cellular state changes. scTIE uses an autoencoder to embed cells from all time points into a common space using iterative optimal transport, followed by extracting interpretable information to predict cell trajectories. Using a variety of synthetic and real temporal multimodal datasets, we demonstrate scTIE achieves effective data integration while preserving more biological signals than existing methods, particularly in the presence of batch effects and noise. Furthermore, on the exemplar multiome dataset we generated from differentiating mouse embryonic stem cells over time, we demonstrate scTIE captures regulatory elements highly predictive of cell transition probabilities, providing new potentials to understand the regulatory landscape driving developmental processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingxin Lin
- School of Mathematics and Statistics, The University of Sydney, NSW, Australia
- Charles Perkins Centre, The University of Sydney, NSW, Australia
- Laboratory of Data Discovery for Health Limited (D24H), Science Park, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Tung-Yu Wu
- Department of Statistics, Stanford University, CA, USA
| | - Xi Chen
- Department of Statistics, Stanford University, CA, USA
| | - Sheng Wan
- Institute of Electronics, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu, Taiwan
| | - Brian Chao
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Stanford University, CA, USA
| | - Jingxue Xin
- Department of Statistics, Stanford University, CA, USA
| | - Jean Y.H. Yang
- School of Mathematics and Statistics, The University of Sydney, NSW, Australia
- Charles Perkins Centre, The University of Sydney, NSW, Australia
- Laboratory of Data Discovery for Health Limited (D24H), Science Park, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Wing H. Wong
- Department of Statistics, Stanford University, CA, USA
- Department of Biomedical Data Science, Stanford University, CA, USA
- Bio-X Program, Stanford University, CA, USA
| | - Y. X. Rachel Wang
- School of Mathematics and Statistics, The University of Sydney, NSW, Australia
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3
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Moon JE, Lawrence JB. Chromosome silencing in vitro reveals trisomy 21 causes cell-autonomous deficits in angiogenesis and early dysregulation in Notch signaling. Cell Rep 2022; 40:111174. [PMID: 35947952 PMCID: PMC9505374 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2022.111174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2021] [Revised: 12/24/2021] [Accepted: 07/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite the prevalence of Down syndrome (DS), little is known regarding the specific cell pathologies that underlie this multi-system disorder. To understand which cell types and pathways are more directly affected by trisomy 21 (T21), we used an inducible-XIST system to silence one chromosome 21 in vitro. T21 caused the dysregulation of Notch signaling in iPSCs, potentially affecting cell-type programming. Further analyses identified dysregulation of pathways important for two cell types: neurogenesis and angiogenesis. Angiogenesis is essential to many bodily systems, yet is understudied in DS; therefore, we focused next on whether T21 affects endothelial cells. An in vitro assay for microvasculature formation revealed a cellular pathology involving delayed tube formation in response to angiogenic signals. Parallel transcriptomic analysis of endothelia further showed deficits in angiogenesis regulators. Results indicate a direct cell-autonomous impact of T21 on endothelial function, highlighting the importance of angiogenesis, with wide-reaching implications for development and disease progression. Moon and Lawrence examine the immediate effects of trisomy 21 silencing and find angiogenesis and neurogenesis pathways, including Notch signaling, affected as early as pluripotency. In endothelial cells, functional analyses show that trisomy delays the angiogenic response for microvessel formation and transcriptomics show a parallel impact on angiogenic regulators and signal-response and cytoskeleton processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer E Moon
- Department of Neurology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA 01655, USA
| | - Jeanne B Lawrence
- Department of Neurology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA 01655, USA; Department of Pediatrics, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA 01655, USA.
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4
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RUNX1 overexpression triggers TGF-β signaling to upregulate p15 and thereby blocks early hematopoiesis by inducing cell cycle arrest. Stem Cell Res 2022; 60:102694. [DOI: 10.1016/j.scr.2022.102694] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2021] [Revised: 01/14/2022] [Accepted: 01/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
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5
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Howell ED, Yzaguirre AD, Gao P, Lis R, He B, Lakadamyali M, Rafii S, Tan K, Speck NA. Efficient hemogenic endothelial cell specification by RUNX1 is dependent on baseline chromatin accessibility of RUNX1-regulated TGFβ target genes. Genes Dev 2021; 35:1475-1489. [PMID: 34675061 PMCID: PMC8559682 DOI: 10.1101/gad.348738.121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2021] [Accepted: 09/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
In this study, Howell et al. found that the ability of RUNX1 to promote endothelial-to-hematopoietic transition (EHT) depends on its ability to recruit the TGFβ signaling effectors AP-1 and SMAD2/3, which in turn is determined by the changing chromatin landscape in embryonic versus fetal ECs. Their work provides insight into the regulation of EndoMT and EHT that will guide reprogramming efforts for clinical applications. Hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells (HSPCs) are generated de novo in the embryo from hemogenic endothelial cells (HECs) via an endothelial-to-hematopoietic transition (EHT) that requires the transcription factor RUNX1. Ectopic expression of RUNX1 alone can efficiently promote EHT and HSPC formation from embryonic endothelial cells (ECs), but less efficiently from fetal or adult ECs. Efficiency correlated with baseline accessibility of TGFβ-related genes associated with endothelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EndoMT) and participation of AP-1 and SMAD2/3 to initiate further chromatin remodeling along with RUNX1 at these sites. Activation of TGFβ signaling improved the efficiency with which RUNX1 specified fetal ECs as HECs. Thus, the ability of RUNX1 to promote EHT depends on its ability to recruit the TGFβ signaling effectors AP-1 and SMAD2/3, which in turn is determined by the changing chromatin landscape in embryonic versus fetal ECs. This work provides insight into regulation of EndoMT and EHT that will guide reprogramming efforts for clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth D Howell
- Abramson Family Cancer Research Institute, Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia Pennsylvania 19104, USA
| | - Amanda D Yzaguirre
- Abramson Family Cancer Research Institute, Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia Pennsylvania 19104, USA
| | - Peng Gao
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA.,Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA.,Department of Genetics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA
| | - Raphael Lis
- Ansary Stem Cell Institute, Department of Genetic Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York 10065, USA.,Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York 10065, USA
| | - Bing He
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA.,Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA.,Department of Genetics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA
| | - Melike Lakadamyali
- Department of Physiology, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia Pennsylvania 19104, USA
| | - Shahin Rafii
- Ansary Stem Cell Institute, Department of Genetic Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York 10065, USA.,Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York 10065, USA
| | - Kai Tan
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA.,Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA.,Department of Genetics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA
| | - Nancy A Speck
- Abramson Family Cancer Research Institute, Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia Pennsylvania 19104, USA
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6
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Rada M, Kapelanski-Lamoureux A, Petrillo S, Tabariès S, Siegel P, Reynolds AR, Lazaris A, Metrakos P. Runt related transcription factor-1 plays a central role in vessel co-option of colorectal cancer liver metastases. Commun Biol 2021; 4:950. [PMID: 34376784 PMCID: PMC8355374 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-021-02481-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2020] [Accepted: 06/17/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer liver metastasis (CRCLM) has two major histopathological growth patterns: angiogenic desmoplastic and non-angiogenic replacement. The replacement lesions obtain their blood supply through vessel co-option, wherein the cancer cells hijack pre-existing blood vessels of the surrounding liver tissue. Consequentially, anti-angiogenic therapies are less efficacious in CRCLM patients with replacement lesions. However, the mechanisms which drive vessel co-option in the replacement lesions are unknown. Here, we show that Runt Related Transcription Factor-1 (RUNX1) overexpression in the cancer cells of the replacement lesions drives cancer cell motility via ARP2/3 to achieve vessel co-option. Furthermore, overexpression of RUNX1 in the cancer cells is mediated by Transforming Growth Factor Beta-1 (TGFβ1) and thrombospondin 1 (TSP1). Importantly, RUNX1 knockdown impaired the metastatic capability of colorectal cancer cells in vivo and induced the development of angiogenic lesions in liver. Our results confirm that RUNX1 may be a potential target to overcome vessel co-option in CRCLM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miran Rada
- Cancer Research Program, McGill University Health Centre Research Institute, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | | | - Stephanie Petrillo
- Cancer Research Program, McGill University Health Centre Research Institute, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Sébastien Tabariès
- Rosalind and Morris Goodman Cancer Research Centre, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Peter Siegel
- Rosalind and Morris Goodman Cancer Research Centre, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | | | - Anthoula Lazaris
- Cancer Research Program, McGill University Health Centre Research Institute, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Peter Metrakos
- Cancer Research Program, McGill University Health Centre Research Institute, Montreal, QC, Canada.
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7
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Delgado-Tirado S, Amarnani D, Zhao G, Rossin EJ, Eliott D, Miller JB, Greene WA, Ramos L, Arevalo-Alquichire S, Leyton-Cifuentes D, Gonzalez-Buendia L, Isaacs-Bernal D, Whitmore HAB, Chmielewska N, Duffy BV, Kim E, Wang HC, Ruiz-Moreno JM, Kim LA, Arboleda-Velasquez JF. Topical delivery of a small molecule RUNX1 transcription factor inhibitor for the treatment of proliferative vitreoretinopathy. Sci Rep 2020; 10:20554. [PMID: 33257736 PMCID: PMC7705016 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-77254-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2020] [Accepted: 11/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Proliferative vitreoretinopathy (PVR) is the leading cause of retinal detachment surgery failure. Despite significant advances in vitreoretinal surgery, it still remains without an effective prophylactic or therapeutic medical treatment. After ocular injury or retinal detachment, misplaced retinal cells undergo epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT) to form contractile membranes within the eye. We identified Runt-related transcription factor 1 (RUNX1) as a gene highly expressed in surgically-removed human PVR specimens. RUNX1 upregulation was a hallmark of EMT in primary cultures derived from human PVR membranes (C-PVR). The inhibition of RUNX1 reduced proliferation of human C-PVR cells in vitro, and curbed growth of freshly isolated human PVR membranes in an explant assay. We formulated Ro5-3335, a lipophilic small molecule RUNX1 inhibitor, into a nanoemulsion that when administered topically curbed the progression of disease in a novel rabbit model of mild PVR developed using C-PVR cells. Mass spectrometry analysis detected 2.67 ng/mL of Ro5-3335 within the vitreous cavity after treatment. This work shows a critical role for RUNX1 in PVR and supports the feasibility of targeting RUNX1 within the eye for the treatment of an EMT-mediated condition using a topical ophthalmic agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Santiago Delgado-Tirado
- Schepens Eye Research Institute of Massachusetts Eye and Ear and the Department of Ophthalmology at Harvard Medical School, Boston, USA
| | - Dhanesh Amarnani
- Schepens Eye Research Institute of Massachusetts Eye and Ear and the Department of Ophthalmology at Harvard Medical School, Boston, USA
| | - Guannan Zhao
- Schepens Eye Research Institute of Massachusetts Eye and Ear and the Department of Ophthalmology at Harvard Medical School, Boston, USA
| | - Elizabeth J Rossin
- Retina Service, Massachusetts Eye and Ear and the Department of Ophthalmology at Harvard Medical School, Boston, USA
| | - Dean Eliott
- Retina Service, Massachusetts Eye and Ear and the Department of Ophthalmology at Harvard Medical School, Boston, USA
| | - John B Miller
- Retina Service, Massachusetts Eye and Ear and the Department of Ophthalmology at Harvard Medical School, Boston, USA
| | - Whitney A Greene
- Sensory Trauma Task Area, United States Army Institute of Surgical Research, Fort Sam Houston, San Antonio, USA
| | - Leslie Ramos
- Schepens Eye Research Institute of Massachusetts Eye and Ear and the Department of Ophthalmology at Harvard Medical School, Boston, USA
| | - Said Arevalo-Alquichire
- Schepens Eye Research Institute of Massachusetts Eye and Ear and the Department of Ophthalmology at Harvard Medical School, Boston, USA
- Energy, Materials and Environment Group, Faculty of Engineering, Universidad de La Sabana, Chia, Colombia
| | - David Leyton-Cifuentes
- Schepens Eye Research Institute of Massachusetts Eye and Ear and the Department of Ophthalmology at Harvard Medical School, Boston, USA
- Universidad EIA, Envigado, Colombia
| | - Lucia Gonzalez-Buendia
- Schepens Eye Research Institute of Massachusetts Eye and Ear and the Department of Ophthalmology at Harvard Medical School, Boston, USA
| | - Daniela Isaacs-Bernal
- Schepens Eye Research Institute of Massachusetts Eye and Ear and the Department of Ophthalmology at Harvard Medical School, Boston, USA
- Energy, Materials and Environment Group, Faculty of Engineering, Universidad de La Sabana, Chia, Colombia
| | - Hannah A B Whitmore
- Schepens Eye Research Institute of Massachusetts Eye and Ear and the Department of Ophthalmology at Harvard Medical School, Boston, USA
| | - Natalia Chmielewska
- Schepens Eye Research Institute of Massachusetts Eye and Ear and the Department of Ophthalmology at Harvard Medical School, Boston, USA
- Boston College, Boston, USA
| | - Brandon V Duffy
- Schepens Eye Research Institute of Massachusetts Eye and Ear and the Department of Ophthalmology at Harvard Medical School, Boston, USA
- Harvard College, Cambridge, USA
| | - Eric Kim
- Schepens Eye Research Institute of Massachusetts Eye and Ear and the Department of Ophthalmology at Harvard Medical School, Boston, USA
| | - Heuy-Ching Wang
- Sensory Trauma Task Area, United States Army Institute of Surgical Research, Fort Sam Houston, San Antonio, USA
| | - Jose M Ruiz-Moreno
- Department of Ophthalmology, Castilla La Mancha University, Puerta de Hierro-Majadahonda University Hospital, Madrid, Spain
- Vissum Corporation, Alicante, Spain
| | - Leo A Kim
- Schepens Eye Research Institute of Massachusetts Eye and Ear and the Department of Ophthalmology at Harvard Medical School, Boston, USA.
- Retina Service, Massachusetts Eye and Ear and the Department of Ophthalmology at Harvard Medical School, Boston, USA.
| | - Joseph F Arboleda-Velasquez
- Schepens Eye Research Institute of Massachusetts Eye and Ear and the Department of Ophthalmology at Harvard Medical School, Boston, USA.
- Universidad EIA, Envigado, Colombia.
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8
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Amini P, Nassiri S, Malbon A, Markkanen E. Differential stromal reprogramming in benign and malignant naturally occurring canine mammary tumours identifies disease-modulating stromal components. Sci Rep 2020; 10:5506. [PMID: 32218455 PMCID: PMC7099087 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-62354-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2019] [Accepted: 03/12/2020] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
While cancer-associated stroma (CAS) in malignant tumours is well described, stromal changes in benign forms of naturally occurring tumours remain poorly characterized. Spontaneous canine mammary carcinomas (mCA) are viewed as excellent models of human mCA. We have recently reported highly conserved stromal reprogramming between canine and human mCA based on transcriptome analysis of laser-capture-microdissected FFPE specimen. To identify stromal changes between benign and malignant mammary tumours, we have analysed matched normal and adenoma-associated stroma (AAS) from 13 canine mammary adenomas and compared them to previous data from 15 canine mCA. Our analyses reveal distinct stromal reprogramming even in small benign tumours. While similarities between AAS and CAS exist, the stromal signature clearly distinguished adenomas from mCA. The distinction between AAS and CAS is further substantiated by differential enrichment in several hallmark signalling pathways as well as differential abundance in cellular composition. Finally, we identify COL11A1, VIT, CD74, HLA-DRA, STRA6, IGFBP4, PIGR, and TNIP1 as strongly discriminatory stromal genes between adenoma and mCA, and demonstrate their prognostic value for human breast cancer. Given the relevance of canine CAS as a model for the human disease, our approach identifies disease-modulating stromal components with implications for both human and canine breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Parisa Amini
- Institute of Veterinary Pharmacology and Toxicology, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Sina Nassiri
- Bioinformatics Core Facility, SIB Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Alexandra Malbon
- Institute of Veterinary Pathology, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland.,The Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies and The Roslin Institute Easter Bush Campus, Midlothian, EH25 9RG, Scotland
| | - Enni Markkanen
- Institute of Veterinary Pharmacology and Toxicology, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland.
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9
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Sarper SE, Inubushi T, Kurosaka H, Ono Minagi H, Murata Y, Kuremoto KI, Sakai T, Taniuchi I, Yamashiro T. Anterior cleft palate due to Cbfb deficiency and its rescue by folic acid. Dis Model Mech 2019; 12:dmm.038851. [PMID: 31171577 PMCID: PMC6602316 DOI: 10.1242/dmm.038851] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2019] [Accepted: 05/08/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Core binding factor β (Cbfb) is a cofactor of the Runx family of transcription factors. Among these transcription factors, Runx1 is a prerequisite for anterior-specific palatal fusion. It was previously unclear, however, whether Cbfb served as a modulator or as an obligatory factor in the Runx signaling process that regulates palatogenesis. Here, we report that Cbfb is essential and indispensable in mouse anterior palatogenesis. Palatal fusion in Cbfb mutants is disrupted owing to failed disintegration of the fusing epithelium specifically at the anterior portion, as observed in Runx1 mutants. In these mutants, expression of TGFB3 is disrupted in the area of failed palatal fusion, in which phosphorylation of Stat3 is also affected. TGFB3 protein has been shown to rescue palatal fusion in vitro. TGFB3 also activated Stat3 phosphorylation. Strikingly, the anterior cleft palate in Cbfb mutants is further rescued by pharmaceutical application of folic acid, which activates suppressed Stat3 phosphorylation and Tgfb3 expression in vitro. With these findings, we provide the first evidence that Cbfb is a prerequisite for anterior palatogenesis and acts as an obligatory cofactor in the Runx1/Cbfb-Stat3-Tgfb3 signaling axis. Furthermore, the rescue of the mutant cleft palate using folic acid might highlight potential therapeutic targets aimed at Stat3 modification for the prevention and pharmaceutical intervention of cleft palate. Summary: Epithelial deletion of Cbfb results in an anterior cleft palate with impaired fusion of the palatal process; folic acid application rescues the mutant phenotype with Stat3 activation in vitro.
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Affiliation(s)
- Safiye E Sarper
- Department of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, Graduate School of Dentistry, Osaka University, Osaka 565-0871, Japan.,Laboratory of Theoretical Biology, Graduate School of Sciences, Osaka University, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Toshihiro Inubushi
- Department of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, Graduate School of Dentistry, Osaka University, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Kurosaka
- Department of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, Graduate School of Dentistry, Osaka University, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Hitomi Ono Minagi
- Department of Oral-facial Disorders, Osaka University Graduate School of Dentistry, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Yuka Murata
- Department of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, Graduate School of Dentistry, Osaka University, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Koh-Ichi Kuremoto
- Department of Advanced Prosthodontics, Graduate School of Biomedical & Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima 734-8553, Japan
| | - Takayoshi Sakai
- Department of Oral-facial Disorders, Osaka University Graduate School of Dentistry, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Ichiro Taniuchi
- Laboratory for Transcriptional Regulation, RIKEN Research Center for Allergy and Immunology, Yokohama 230-0045, Japan
| | - Takashi Yamashiro
- Department of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, Graduate School of Dentistry, Osaka University, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
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10
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Hong D, Fritz AJ, Gordon JA, Tye CE, Boyd JR, Tracy KM, Frietze SE, Carr FE, Nickerson JA, Van Wijnen AJ, Imbalzano AN, Zaidi SK, Lian JB, Stein JL, Stein GS. RUNX1-dependent mechanisms in biological control and dysregulation in cancer. J Cell Physiol 2019; 234:8597-8609. [PMID: 30515788 PMCID: PMC6395522 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.27841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2018] [Accepted: 11/12/2018] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
The RUNX1 transcription factor has recently been shown to be obligatory for normal development. RUNX1 controls the expression of genes essential for proper development in many cell lineages and tissues including blood, bone, cartilage, hair follicles, and mammary glands. Compromised RUNX1 regulation is associated with many cancers. In this review, we highlight evidence for RUNX1 control in both invertebrate and mammalian development and recent novel findings of perturbed RUNX1 control in breast cancer that has implications for other solid tumors. As RUNX1 is essential for definitive hematopoiesis, RUNX1 mutations in hematopoietic lineage cells have been implicated in the etiology of several leukemias. Studies of solid tumors have revealed a context-dependent function for RUNX1 either as an oncogene or a tumor suppressor. These RUNX1 functions have been reported for breast, prostate, lung, and skin cancers that are related to cancer subtypes and different stages of tumor development. Growing evidence suggests that RUNX1 suppresses aggressiveness in most breast cancer subtypes particularly in the early stage of tumorigenesis. Several studies have identified RUNX1 suppression of the breast cancer epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition. Most recently, RUNX1 repression of cancer stem cells and tumorsphere formation was reported for breast cancer. It is anticipated that these new discoveries of the context-dependent diversity of RUNX1 functions will lead to innovative therapeutic strategies for the intervention of cancer and other abnormalities of normal tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deli Hong
- Dana Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Andrew J Fritz
- Department of Biochemistry and University of Vermont Cancer Center, University of Vermont, Burlington, Vermont
| | - Jonathan A Gordon
- Department of Biochemistry and University of Vermont Cancer Center, University of Vermont, Burlington, Vermont
| | - Coralee E Tye
- Department of Biochemistry and University of Vermont Cancer Center, University of Vermont, Burlington, Vermont
| | - Joseph R Boyd
- Department of Biochemistry and University of Vermont Cancer Center, University of Vermont, Burlington, Vermont
| | - Kirsten M Tracy
- Department of Biochemistry and University of Vermont Cancer Center, University of Vermont, Burlington, Vermont
| | - Seth E Frietze
- Department of Biomedical and Health Sciences, University of Vermont, Burlington, Vermont
| | - Frances E. Carr
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Vermont, Burlington, Vermont
| | | | - Andre J. Van Wijnen
- Departments of Orthopedic Surgery and Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Anthony N. Imbalzano
- Graduate Program in Cell Biology and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, UMass Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts
| | - Sayyed K. Zaidi
- Department of Biochemistry and University of Vermont Cancer Center, University of Vermont, Burlington, Vermont
| | - Jane B. Lian
- Department of Biochemistry and University of Vermont Cancer Center, University of Vermont, Burlington, Vermont
| | - Janet L. Stein
- Department of Biochemistry and University of Vermont Cancer Center, University of Vermont, Burlington, Vermont
| | - Gary S. Stein
- Department of Biochemistry and University of Vermont Cancer Center, University of Vermont, Burlington, Vermont
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11
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Sobol M, Klar J, Laan L, Shahsavani M, Schuster J, Annerén G, Konzer A, Mi J, Bergquist J, Nordlund J, Hoeber J, Huss M, Falk A, Dahl N. Transcriptome and Proteome Profiling of Neural Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells from Individuals with Down Syndrome Disclose Dynamic Dysregulations of Key Pathways and Cellular Functions. Mol Neurobiol 2019; 56:7113-7127. [PMID: 30989628 PMCID: PMC6728280 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-019-1585-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2018] [Accepted: 03/25/2019] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Down syndrome (DS) or trisomy 21 (T21) is a leading genetic cause of intellectual disability. To gain insights into dynamics of molecular perturbations during neurogenesis in DS, we established a model using induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSC) with transcriptome profiles comparable to that of normal fetal brain development. When applied on iPSCs with T21, transcriptome and proteome signatures at two stages of differentiation revealed strong temporal dynamics of dysregulated genes, proteins and pathways belonging to 11 major functional clusters. DNA replication, synaptic maturation and neuroactive clusters were disturbed at the early differentiation time point accompanied by a skewed transition from the neural progenitor cell stage and reduced cellular growth. With differentiation, growth factor and extracellular matrix, oxidative phosphorylation and glycolysis emerged as major perturbed clusters. Furthermore, we identified a marked dysregulation of a set of genes encoded by chromosome 21 including an early upregulation of the hub gene APP, supporting its role for disturbed neurogenesis, and the transcription factors OLIG1, OLIG2 and RUNX1, consistent with deficient myelination and neuronal differentiation. Taken together, our findings highlight novel sequential and differentiation-dependent dynamics of disturbed functions, pathways and elements in T21 neurogenesis, providing further insights into developmental abnormalities of the DS brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Sobol
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, Box 815, SE-751 08, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Joakim Klar
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, Box 815, SE-751 08, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Loora Laan
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, Box 815, SE-751 08, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Mansoureh Shahsavani
- Department of Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet Solna, SE-171 65, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Jens Schuster
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, Box 815, SE-751 08, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Göran Annerén
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, Box 815, SE-751 08, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Anne Konzer
- Department of Chemistry - BMC, Analytical Chemistry, Uppsala University, Box 599, SE-751 24, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Jia Mi
- Department of Chemistry - BMC, Analytical Chemistry, Uppsala University, Box 599, SE-751 24, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Jonas Bergquist
- Department of Chemistry - BMC, Analytical Chemistry, Uppsala University, Box 599, SE-751 24, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Jessica Nordlund
- Department of Medical Sciences and Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, Box 1432, SE-751 44, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Jan Hoeber
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, Box 815, SE-751 08, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Mikael Huss
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, National Bioinformatics Infrastructure Sweden, Science for Life Laboratory, Stockholm University, Box 1031, SE-171 21, Solna, Sweden
| | - Anna Falk
- Department of Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet Solna, SE-171 65, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Niklas Dahl
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, Box 815, SE-751 08, Uppsala, Sweden.
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12
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Sarper SE, Kurosaka H, Inubushi T, Ono Minagi H, Kuremoto KI, Sakai T, Taniuchi I, Yamashiro T. Runx1-Stat3-Tgfb3 signaling network regulating the anterior palatal development. Sci Rep 2018; 8:11208. [PMID: 30046048 PMCID: PMC6060112 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-29681-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2018] [Accepted: 06/15/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Runx1 deficiency results in an anteriorly specific cleft palate at the boundary between the primary and secondary palates and in the first rugae area of the secondary palate in mice. However, the cellular and molecular pathogenesis underlying such regional specificity remain unknown. In this study, Runx1 epithelial-specific deletion led to the failed disintegration of the contacting palatal epithelium and markedly downregulated Tgfb3 expression in the primary palate and nasal septum. In culture, TGFB3 protein rescued the clefting of the mutant. Furthermore, Stat3 phosphorylation was disturbed in the corresponding cleft regions in Runx1 mutants. The Stat3 function was manifested by palatal fusion defects in culture following Stat3 inhibitor treatment with significant downregulation of Tgfb3. Tgfb3 is therefore a critical target of Runx1 signaling, and this signaling axis could be mediated by Stat3 activation. Interestingly, the expression of Socs3, an inhibitor of Stat3, was specific in the primary palate and upregulated by Runx1 deficiency. Thus, the involvement of Socs3 in Runx1-Tgfb3 signaling might explain, at least in part, the anteriorly specific downregulation of Tgfb3 expression and Stat3 activity in Runx1 mutants. This is the first study to show that the novel Runx1-Stat3-Tgfb3 axis is essential in anterior palatogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Safiye E Sarper
- Department of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, Osaka University Graduate School of Dentistry, Osaka, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Kurosaka
- Department of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, Osaka University Graduate School of Dentistry, Osaka, Japan
| | - Toshihiro Inubushi
- Department of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, Osaka University Graduate School of Dentistry, Osaka, Japan
| | - Hitomi Ono Minagi
- Department of Oral-facial Disorders, Osaka University Graduate School of Dentistry, Osaka, Japan
| | - Koh-Ichi Kuremoto
- Department of Advanced Prosthodontics, Graduate School of Biomedical & Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Takayoshi Sakai
- Department of Oral-facial Disorders, Osaka University Graduate School of Dentistry, Osaka, Japan
| | - Ichiro Taniuchi
- Laboratory for Transcriptional Regulation, RIKEN Research Center for Allergy and Immunology, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Takashi Yamashiro
- Department of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, Osaka University Graduate School of Dentistry, Osaka, Japan.
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13
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Hamidi S, Sheng G. Epithelial-mesenchymal transition in haematopoietic stem cell development and homeostasis. J Biochem 2018; 164:265-275. [DOI: 10.1093/jb/mvy063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2018] [Accepted: 07/14/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Sofiane Hamidi
- Laboratory of Developmental Morphogenesis, International Research Center for Medical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Guojun Sheng
- Laboratory of Developmental Morphogenesis, International Research Center for Medical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
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14
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Chen B, Teng J, Liu H, Pan X, Zhou Y, Huang S, Lai M, Bian G, Mao B, Sun W, Zhou Q, Yang S, Nakahata T, Ma F. Inducible overexpression of RUNX1b/c in human embryonic stem cells blocks early hematopoiesis from mesoderm. J Mol Cell Biol 2018; 9:262-273. [PMID: 28992293 DOI: 10.1093/jmcb/mjx032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2016] [Accepted: 08/12/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
RUNX1 is absolutely required for definitive hematopoiesis, but the function of RUNX1b/c, two isoforms of human RUNX1, is unclear. We established inducible RUNX1b/c-overexpressing human embryonic stem cell (hESC) lines, in which RUNX1b/c overexpression prevented the emergence of CD34+ cells from early stage, thereby drastically reducing the production of hematopoietic stem/progenitor cells. Simultaneously, the expression of hematopoiesis-related factors was downregulated. However, such blockage effect disappeared from day 6 in hESC/AGM-S3 cell co-cultures, proving that the blockage occurred before the generation of hemogenic endothelial cells. This blockage was partially rescued by RepSox, an inhibitor of the transforming growth factor (TGF)-β signaling pathway, indicating a close relationship between RUNX1b/c and TGF-β pathway. Our results suggest a unique inhibitory function of RUNX1b/c in the development of early hematopoiesis and may aid further understanding of its biological function in normal and diseased models.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Chen
- Institute of Blood Transfusion, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College (CAMS & PUMC), Chengdu 610052, China
| | - Jiawen Teng
- Institute of Blood Transfusion, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College (CAMS & PUMC), Chengdu 610052, China
| | - Hongwei Liu
- Institute of Blood Transfusion, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College (CAMS & PUMC), Chengdu 610052, China
| | - X Pan
- Institute of Blood Transfusion, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College (CAMS & PUMC), Chengdu 610052, China
| | - Y Zhou
- Institute of Blood Transfusion, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College (CAMS & PUMC), Chengdu 610052, China
| | - Shu Huang
- Institute of Blood Transfusion, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College (CAMS & PUMC), Chengdu 610052, China
| | - Mowen Lai
- Institute of Blood Transfusion, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College (CAMS & PUMC), Chengdu 610052, China
| | - Guohui Bian
- Institute of Blood Transfusion, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College (CAMS & PUMC), Chengdu 610052, China
| | - Bin Mao
- Institute of Blood Transfusion, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College (CAMS & PUMC), Chengdu 610052, China
| | - Wencui Sun
- Institute of Blood Transfusion, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College (CAMS & PUMC), Chengdu 610052, China
| | - Qiongxiu Zhou
- Institute of Blood Transfusion, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College (CAMS & PUMC), Chengdu 610052, China
| | - Shengyong Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
| | - Tatsutoshi Nakahata
- Center for iPS Cell Research and Application (CiRA), Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan
| | - Feng Ma
- Institute of Blood Transfusion, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College (CAMS & PUMC), Chengdu 610052, China
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, CAMS & PUMC, Tianjin 300020, China
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15
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Runt-Related Transcription Factor 1 (RUNX1) Promotes TGF-β-Induced Renal Tubular Epithelial-to-Mesenchymal Transition (EMT) and Renal Fibrosis through the PI3K Subunit p110δ. EBioMedicine 2018; 31:217-225. [PMID: 29759484 PMCID: PMC6013935 DOI: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2018.04.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 104] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2018] [Revised: 04/24/2018] [Accepted: 04/26/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Renal fibrosis is widely considered a common mechanism leading to end-stage renal failure. Epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) plays important roles in the pathogenesis of renal fibrosis. Runt-related transcription factor 1(RUNX1) plays a vital role in hematopoiesis via Endothelial-to-Hematopoietic Transition (EHT), a process that is conceptually similar to EMT, but its role in EMT and renal fibrosis is unclear. Here, we demonstrate that RUNX1 is overexpressed in the processes of TGF-β-induced partial EMT and renal fibrosis and that the expression level of RUNX1 is SMAD3-dependent. Knockdown of RUNX1 attenuated both TGF-β-induced phenotypic changes and the expression levels of EMT marker genes in renal tubular epithelial cells (RTECs). In addition, overexpression of RUNX1 promoted the expression of EMT marker genes in renal tubular epithelial cells. Moreover, RUNX1 promoted TGF-β-induced partial EMT by increasing transcription of the PI3K subunit p110δ, which mediated Akt activation. Specific deletion of Runx1 in mouse RTECs attenuated renal fibrosis, which was induced by both unilateral ureteral obstruction (UUO) and folic acid (FA) treatment. These findings suggest that RUNX1 is a potential target for preventing renal fibrosis. RUNX1 is required for TGF-β induced renal tubular EMT, which increases p110δ transcription for Akt activation. Ablation of RUNX1 in mouse RTECs inhibits renal fibrosis induced by unilateral ureteral obstruction or folic acid. These findings suggest that RUNX1 might be used as a potential target to prevent renal fibrosis.
Kidney fibrosis is a critical pathologic step during the development of renal failure, while epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) contributes to the pathogenesis of renal fibrosis. Exploring the new effectors as potential targets to inhibit renal fibrosis is currently under extensive investigation. This manuscript has identified that RUNX1 is required for TGF-β induced renal tubular EMT via increasing expression levels of the PI3K subunit p110δ and Akt activation. Importantly, ablation of Runx1 in mouse renal tubular epithelial cells or the RUNX1 inhibitor could reduce renal fibrosis in response to unilateral ureteral obstruction or under the treatment of folic acid. These findings suggest that the RUNX1 inhibitor might be used to prevent renal fibrosis.
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16
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Brunet T, King N. The Origin of Animal Multicellularity and Cell Differentiation. Dev Cell 2017; 43:124-140. [PMID: 29065305 PMCID: PMC6089241 DOI: 10.1016/j.devcel.2017.09.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 215] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2017] [Revised: 08/31/2017] [Accepted: 09/19/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Over 600 million years ago, animals evolved from a unicellular or colonial organism whose cell(s) captured bacteria with a collar complex, a flagellum surrounded by a microvillar collar. Using principles from evolutionary cell biology, we reason that the transition to multicellularity required modification of pre-existing mechanisms for extracellular matrix synthesis and cytokinesis. We discuss two hypotheses for the origin of animal cell types: division of labor from ancient plurifunctional cells and conversion of temporally alternating phenotypes into spatially juxtaposed cell types. Mechanistic studies in diverse animals and their relatives promise to deepen our understanding of animal origins and cell biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thibaut Brunet
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute and the Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Nicole King
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute and the Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA.
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17
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Hong D, Messier TL, Tye CE, Dobson JR, Fritz AJ, Sikora KR, Browne G, Stein JL, Lian JB, Stein GS. Runx1 stabilizes the mammary epithelial cell phenotype and prevents epithelial to mesenchymal transition. Oncotarget 2017; 8:17610-17627. [PMID: 28407681 PMCID: PMC5392273 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.15381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2016] [Accepted: 01/16/2017] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Runx1 is a well characterized transcription factor essential for hematopoietic differentiation and Runx1 mutations are the cause of leukemias. Runx1 is highly expressed in normal epithelium of most glands and recently has been associated with solid tumors. Notably, the function of Runx1 in the mammary gland and how it is involved in initiation and progression of breast cancer is still unclear. Here we demonstrate the consequences of Runx1 loss in normal mammary epithelial and breast cancer cells. We first observed that Runx1 is decreased in tumorigenic and metastatic breast cancer cells. We also observed loss of Runx1 expression upon induction of epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) in MCF10A (normal-like) cells. Furthermore depletion of Runx1 in MCF10A cells resulted in striking changes in cell shape, leading to mesenchymal cell morphology. The epithelial phenotype could be restored in breast cancer cells by re-expressing Runx1. Analyses of breast tumors and patient data revealed that low Runx1 expression is associated with poor prognosis and decreased survival. We addressed mechanisms for the function of Runx1 in maintaining the epithelial phenotype and find Runx1 directly regulates E-cadherin; and serves as a downstream transcription factor mediating TGFβ signaling. We also observed through global gene expression profiling of growth factor depleted cells that induction of EMT and loss of Runx1 is associated with activation of TGFβ and WNT pathways. Thus these findings have identified a novel function for Runx1 in sustaining normal epithelial morphology and preventing EMT and suggest Runx1 levels could be a prognostic indicator of tumor progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deli Hong
- Department of Biochemistry and University of Vermont Cancer Center, University of Vermont College of Medicine, Burlington, VT, USA.,Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA, USA
| | - Terri L Messier
- Department of Biochemistry and University of Vermont Cancer Center, University of Vermont College of Medicine, Burlington, VT, USA
| | - Coralee E Tye
- Department of Biochemistry and University of Vermont Cancer Center, University of Vermont College of Medicine, Burlington, VT, USA
| | - Jason R Dobson
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA, USA
| | - Andrew J Fritz
- Department of Biochemistry and University of Vermont Cancer Center, University of Vermont College of Medicine, Burlington, VT, USA
| | - Kenneth R Sikora
- Department of Biochemistry and University of Vermont Cancer Center, University of Vermont College of Medicine, Burlington, VT, USA
| | - Gillian Browne
- Department of Biochemistry and University of Vermont Cancer Center, University of Vermont College of Medicine, Burlington, VT, USA
| | - Janet L Stein
- Department of Biochemistry and University of Vermont Cancer Center, University of Vermont College of Medicine, Burlington, VT, USA
| | - Jane B Lian
- Department of Biochemistry and University of Vermont Cancer Center, University of Vermont College of Medicine, Burlington, VT, USA
| | - Gary S Stein
- Department of Biochemistry and University of Vermont Cancer Center, University of Vermont College of Medicine, Burlington, VT, USA
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18
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VanOudenhove JJ, Medina R, Ghule PN, Lian JB, Stein JL, Zaidi SK, Stein GS. Precocious Phenotypic Transcription-Factor Expression During Early Development. J Cell Biochem 2017; 118:953-958. [PMID: 27591551 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.25723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2016] [Accepted: 09/01/2016] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
A novel role for phenotypic transcription factors in very early differentiation was recently observed and merits further study to elucidate what role this precocious expression may have in development. The RUNX1 transcription factor exhibits selective and transient upregulation during early mesenchymal differentiation. In contrast to phenotype-associated transcriptional control of gene expression to establish and sustain hematopoietic/myeloid lineage identity, precocious expression of RUNX1 is functionally linked to control of an epithelial to mesenchymal transition that is obligatory for development. This early RUNX1 expression spike provides a paradigm for precocious expression of a phenotypic transcription factor that invites detailed mechanistic study to fully understand its biological importance. J. Cell. Biochem. 118: 953-958, 2017. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer J VanOudenhove
- Department of Biochemistry and University of Vermont Cancer Center, University of Vermont College of Medicine, 89 Beaumont Avenue, Burlington, Vermont 05405.,Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, 55 Lake Avenue North, Worcester, Massachusetts 01655
| | - Ricardo Medina
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, 55 Lake Avenue North, Worcester, Massachusetts 01655
| | - Prachi N Ghule
- Department of Biochemistry and University of Vermont Cancer Center, University of Vermont College of Medicine, 89 Beaumont Avenue, Burlington, Vermont 05405
| | - Jane B Lian
- Department of Biochemistry and University of Vermont Cancer Center, University of Vermont College of Medicine, 89 Beaumont Avenue, Burlington, Vermont 05405
| | - Janet L Stein
- Department of Biochemistry and University of Vermont Cancer Center, University of Vermont College of Medicine, 89 Beaumont Avenue, Burlington, Vermont 05405
| | - Sayyed K Zaidi
- Department of Biochemistry and University of Vermont Cancer Center, University of Vermont College of Medicine, 89 Beaumont Avenue, Burlington, Vermont 05405
| | - Gary S Stein
- Department of Biochemistry and University of Vermont Cancer Center, University of Vermont College of Medicine, 89 Beaumont Avenue, Burlington, Vermont 05405
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