1
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Branch MC, Weber M, Li MY, Flora P, Ezhkova E. Overview of chromatin regulatory processes during surface ectodermal development and homeostasis. Dev Biol 2024; 515:30-45. [PMID: 38971398 DOI: 10.1016/j.ydbio.2024.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2023] [Revised: 05/02/2024] [Accepted: 07/02/2024] [Indexed: 07/08/2024]
Abstract
The ectoderm is the outermost of the three germ layers of the early embryo that arise during gastrulation. Once the germ layers are established, the complex interplay of cellular proliferation, differentiation, and migration results in organogenesis. The ectoderm is the progenitor of both the surface ectoderm and the neural ectoderm. Notably, the surface ectoderm develops into the epidermis and its associated appendages, nails, external exocrine glands, olfactory epithelium, and the anterior pituitary. Specification, development, and homeostasis of these organs demand a tightly orchestrated gene expression program that is often dictated by epigenetic regulation. In this review, we discuss the recent discoveries that have highlighted the importance of chromatin regulatory mechanisms mediated by transcription factors, histone and DNA modifications that aid in the development of surface ectodermal organs and maintain their homeostasis post-development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meagan C Branch
- Black Family Stem Cell Institute, Department of Cell, Developmental, and Regenerative Biology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Madison Weber
- Black Family Stem Cell Institute, Department of Cell, Developmental, and Regenerative Biology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Meng-Yen Li
- Black Family Stem Cell Institute, Department of Cell, Developmental, and Regenerative Biology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Pooja Flora
- Black Family Stem Cell Institute, Department of Cell, Developmental, and Regenerative Biology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA.
| | - Elena Ezhkova
- Black Family Stem Cell Institute, Department of Cell, Developmental, and Regenerative Biology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA.
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2
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Lu Y, Wang Y, Wang J, Liang L, Li J, Yu Y, Zeng J, He M, Wei X, Liu Z, Shi P, Li J. A comprehensive exploration of hydrogel applications in multi-stage skin wound healing. Biomater Sci 2024; 12:3745-3764. [PMID: 38959069 DOI: 10.1039/d4bm00394b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/05/2024]
Abstract
Hydrogels, as an emerging biomaterial, have found extensive use in the healing of wounds due to their distinctive physicochemical structure and functional properties. Moreover, hydrogels can be made to match a range of therapeutic requirements for materials used in wound healing through specific functional modifications. This review provides a step-by-step explanation of the processes involved in cutaneous wound healing, including hemostasis, inflammation, proliferation, and reconstitution, along with an investigation of the factors that impact these processes. Furthermore, a thorough analysis is conducted on the various stages of the wound healing process at which functional hydrogels are implemented, including hemostasis, anti-infection measures, encouraging regeneration, scar reduction, and wound monitoring. Next, the latest progress of multifunctional hydrogels for wound healing and the methods to achieve these functions are discussed in depth and categorized for elucidation. Finally, perspectives and challenges associated with the clinical applications of multifunctional hydrogels are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongping Lu
- Guangyuan Central Hospital, Guangyuan 628000, P. R. China.
| | - Yuemin Wang
- College of Medicine, Southwest Jiaotong University, 610003, China
| | - Jie Wang
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, P. R. China
| | - Ling Liang
- Guangyuan Central Hospital, Guangyuan 628000, P. R. China.
| | - Jinrong Li
- Guangyuan Central Hospital, Guangyuan 628000, P. R. China.
| | - Yue Yu
- Guangyuan Central Hospital, Guangyuan 628000, P. R. China.
| | - Jia Zeng
- Guangyuan Central Hospital, Guangyuan 628000, P. R. China.
| | - Mingfang He
- Guangyuan Central Hospital, Guangyuan 628000, P. R. China.
| | - Xipeng Wei
- Guangyuan Central Hospital, Guangyuan 628000, P. R. China.
| | - Zhining Liu
- Guangyuan Central Hospital, Guangyuan 628000, P. R. China.
| | - Ping Shi
- Guangyuan Central Hospital, Guangyuan 628000, P. R. China.
| | - Jianshu Li
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, P. R. China.
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3
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Hegde A, Ghosh S, Ananthan ASHP, Kataria S, Dutta A, Prabhu S, Khedkar SU, Dutta A, Jamora C. Extracellular Caspase-1 induces hair stem cell migration in wounded and inflamed skin conditions. J Cell Biol 2024; 223:e202306028. [PMID: 38587472 PMCID: PMC11001599 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.202306028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2023] [Revised: 12/18/2023] [Accepted: 03/25/2024] [Indexed: 04/09/2024] Open
Abstract
The wound-healing process is a paradigm of the directed migration of various pools of stem cells from their niche to the site of injury where they replenish damaged cells. Two decades have elapsed since the observation that wounding activates multipotent hair follicle stem cells to infiltrate the epidermis, but the cues that coax these cells out of their niche remain unknown. Here, we report that Caspase-1, a protein classically known as an integral component of the cytosolic inflammasome, is secreted upon wounding and has a non-canonical role in the extracellular milieu. Through its caspase activation recruitment domain (CARD), Caspase-1 is sufficient to initiate the migration of hair follicle stem cells into the epidermis. Uncovering this novel function of Caspase-1 also facilitates a deeper understanding of the mechanistic basis of the epithelial hyperplasia found to accompany numerous inflammatory skin diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akshay Hegde
- IFOM-inStem Joint Research Laboratory, Centre for Inflammation and Tissue Homeostasis, Institute for Stem Cell Science and Regenerative Medicine, Bangalore, India
- School of Chemical and Biotechnology (SCBT), Shanmugha Arts, Science, Technology and Research Academy (SASTRA), Deemed to be University, Thanjavur, India
| | - Subhasri Ghosh
- IFOM-inStem Joint Research Laboratory, Centre for Inflammation and Tissue Homeostasis, Institute for Stem Cell Science and Regenerative Medicine, Bangalore, India
| | - Akhil SHP Ananthan
- IFOM-inStem Joint Research Laboratory, Centre for Inflammation and Tissue Homeostasis, Institute for Stem Cell Science and Regenerative Medicine, Bangalore, India
| | - Sunny Kataria
- IFOM-inStem Joint Research Laboratory, Centre for Inflammation and Tissue Homeostasis, Institute for Stem Cell Science and Regenerative Medicine, Bangalore, India
| | - Abhik Dutta
- IFOM-inStem Joint Research Laboratory, Centre for Inflammation and Tissue Homeostasis, Institute for Stem Cell Science and Regenerative Medicine, Bangalore, India
- School of Chemical and Biotechnology (SCBT), Shanmugha Arts, Science, Technology and Research Academy (SASTRA), Deemed to be University, Thanjavur, India
| | - Srilekha Prabhu
- IFOM-inStem Joint Research Laboratory, Centre for Inflammation and Tissue Homeostasis, Institute for Stem Cell Science and Regenerative Medicine, Bangalore, India
| | - Sneha Uday Khedkar
- IFOM-inStem Joint Research Laboratory, Centre for Inflammation and Tissue Homeostasis, Institute for Stem Cell Science and Regenerative Medicine, Bangalore, India
| | - Anupam Dutta
- IFOM-inStem Joint Research Laboratory, Centre for Inflammation and Tissue Homeostasis, Institute for Stem Cell Science and Regenerative Medicine, Bangalore, India
| | - Colin Jamora
- IFOM-inStem Joint Research Laboratory, Centre for Inflammation and Tissue Homeostasis, Institute for Stem Cell Science and Regenerative Medicine, Bangalore, India
- FIRC Institute of Molecular Oncology, Milan, Italy
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4
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Ghuwalewala S, Jiang K, Ragi S, Shalloway D, Tumbar T. A transit-amplifying progenitor with biphasic behavior contributes to epidermal renewal. Development 2024; 151:dev202389. [PMID: 38934416 PMCID: PMC11234368 DOI: 10.1242/dev.202389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2023] [Accepted: 05/20/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024]
Abstract
Transit-amplifying (TA) cells are progenitors that undergo an amplification phase followed by transition into an extinction phase. A long postulated epidermal TA progenitor with biphasic behavior has not yet been experimentally observed in vivo. Here, we identify such a TA population using clonal analysis of Aspm-CreER genetic cell-marking in mice, which uncovers contribution to both homeostasis and injury repair of adult skin. This TA population is more frequently dividing than a Dlx1-CreER-marked long-term self-renewing (e.g. stem cell) population. Newly developed generalized birth-death modeling of long-term lineage tracing data shows that both TA progenitors and stem cells display neutral competition, but only the stem cells display neutral drift. The quantitative evolution of a nascent TA cell and its direct descendants shows that TA progenitors indeed amplify the basal layer before transition and that the homeostatic TA population is mostly in extinction phase. This model will be broadly useful for analyzing progenitors whose behavior changes with their clone age. This work identifies a long-missing class of non-self-renewing biphasic epidermal TA progenitors and has broad implications for understanding tissue renewal mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sangeeta Ghuwalewala
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14850, USA
| | - Kevin Jiang
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14850, USA
| | - Sara Ragi
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14850, USA
| | - David Shalloway
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14850, USA
| | - Tudorita Tumbar
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14850, USA
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5
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Levra Levron C, Elettrico L, Duval C, Piacenti G, Proserpio V, Donati G. Bridging tissue repair and epithelial carcinogenesis: epigenetic memory and field cancerization. Cell Death Differ 2024:10.1038/s41418-023-01254-6. [PMID: 38228801 DOI: 10.1038/s41418-023-01254-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2023] [Revised: 12/18/2023] [Accepted: 12/21/2023] [Indexed: 01/18/2024] Open
Abstract
The epigenome coordinates spatial-temporal specific gene expression during development and in adulthood, for the maintenance of homeostasis and upon tissue repair. The upheaval of the epigenetic landscape is a key event in the onset of many pathologies including tumours, where epigenetic changes cooperate with genetic aberrations to establish the neoplastic phenotype and to drive cell plasticity during its evolution. DNA methylation, histone modifiers and readers or other chromatin components are indeed often altered in cancers, such as carcinomas that develop in epithelia. Lining the surfaces and the cavities of our body and acting as a barrier from the environment, epithelia are frequently subjected to acute or chronic tissue damages, such as mechanical injuries or inflammatory episodes. These events can activate plasticity mechanisms, with a deep impact on cells' epigenome. Despite being very effective, tissue repair mechanisms are closely associated with tumour onset. Here we review the similarities between tissue repair and carcinogenesis, with a special focus on the epigenetic mechanisms activated by cells during repair and opted by carcinoma cells in multiple epithelia. Moreover, we discuss the recent findings on inflammatory and wound memory in epithelia and describe the epigenetic modifications that characterise them. Finally, as wound memory in epithelial cells promotes carcinogenesis, we highlight how it represents an early step for the establishment of field cancerization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiara Levra Levron
- Department of Life Sciences and Systems Biology, University of Turin, Torino, Italy
- Molecular Biotechnology Center "Guido Tarone", University of Turin, Torino, Italy
| | - Luca Elettrico
- Department of Life Sciences and Systems Biology, University of Turin, Torino, Italy
- Molecular Biotechnology Center "Guido Tarone", University of Turin, Torino, Italy
| | - Carlotta Duval
- Department of Life Sciences and Systems Biology, University of Turin, Torino, Italy
- Molecular Biotechnology Center "Guido Tarone", University of Turin, Torino, Italy
| | - Gabriele Piacenti
- Department of Life Sciences and Systems Biology, University of Turin, Torino, Italy
- Molecular Biotechnology Center "Guido Tarone", University of Turin, Torino, Italy
| | - Valentina Proserpio
- Department of Life Sciences and Systems Biology, University of Turin, Torino, Italy
- Molecular Biotechnology Center "Guido Tarone", University of Turin, Torino, Italy
- Italian Institute for Genomic Medicine, Candiolo (TO), Italy
| | - Giacomo Donati
- Department of Life Sciences and Systems Biology, University of Turin, Torino, Italy.
- Molecular Biotechnology Center "Guido Tarone", University of Turin, Torino, Italy.
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6
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Phan QM, Salz L, Kindl SS, Lopez JS, Thompson SM, Makkar J, Driskell IM, Driskell RR. Lineage commitment of dermal fibroblast progenitors is controlled by Kdm6b-mediated chromatin demethylation. EMBO J 2023; 42:e113880. [PMID: 37602956 PMCID: PMC10548174 DOI: 10.15252/embj.2023113880] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2023] [Revised: 07/26/2023] [Accepted: 08/01/2023] [Indexed: 08/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Dermal Fibroblast Progenitors (DFPs) differentiate into distinct fibroblast lineages during skin development. However, the epigenetic mechanisms that regulate DFP differentiation are not known. Our objective was to use multimodal single-cell approaches, epigenetic assays, and allografting techniques to define a DFP state and the mechanism that governs its differentiation potential. Our initial results indicated that the overall transcription profile of DFPs is repressed by H3K27me3 and has inaccessible chromatin at lineage-specific genes. Surprisingly, the repressive chromatin profile of DFPs renders them unable to reform the skin in allograft assays despite their multipotent potential. We hypothesized that chromatin derepression was modulated by the H3K27me3 demethylase, Kdm6b/Jmjd3. Dermal fibroblast-specific deletion of Kdm6b/Jmjd3 in mice resulted in adipocyte compartment ablation and inhibition of mature dermal papilla functions, confirmed by additional single-cell RNA-seq, ChIP-seq, and allografting assays. We conclude that DFPs are functionally derepressed during murine skin development by Kdm6b/Jmjd3. Our studies therefore reveal a multimodal understanding of how DFPs differentiate into distinct fibroblast lineages and provide a novel publicly available multiomics search tool.
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Affiliation(s)
- Quan M Phan
- School of Molecular BiosciencesWashington State UniversityPullmanWAUSA
| | - Lucia Salz
- North Rhine‐Westphalia Technical University of AachenAachenGermany
| | - Sam S Kindl
- School of Molecular BiosciencesWashington State UniversityPullmanWAUSA
| | - Jayden S Lopez
- School of Molecular BiosciencesWashington State UniversityPullmanWAUSA
| | - Sean M Thompson
- School of Molecular BiosciencesWashington State UniversityPullmanWAUSA
| | - Jasson Makkar
- School of Molecular BiosciencesWashington State UniversityPullmanWAUSA
| | - Iwona M Driskell
- School of Molecular BiosciencesWashington State UniversityPullmanWAUSA
| | - Ryan R Driskell
- School of Molecular BiosciencesWashington State UniversityPullmanWAUSA
- Center for Reproductive BiologyWashington State UniversityPullmanWAUSA
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7
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Phan QM, Salz L, Kindl SS, Lopez JS, Thompson SM, Makkar J, Driskell IM, Driskell RR. Lineage Commitment of Dermal Fibroblast Progenitors is Mediated by Chromatin De-repression. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.03.07.531478. [PMID: 36945417 PMCID: PMC10028926 DOI: 10.1101/2023.03.07.531478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Dermal Fibroblast Progenitors (DFPs) differentiate into distinct fibroblast lineages during skin development. However, the mechanisms that regulate lineage commitment of naive dermal progenitors to form niches around the hair follicle, dermis, and hypodermis, are unknown. In our study, we used multimodal single-cell approaches, epigenetic assays, and allografting techniques to define a DFP state and the mechanisms that govern its differentiation potential. Our results indicate that the overall chromatin profile of DFPs is repressed by H3K27me3 and has inaccessible chromatin at lineage specific genes. Surprisingly, the repressed chromatin profile of DFPs renders them unable to reform skin in allograft assays despite their multipotent potential. Distinct fibroblast lineages, such as the dermal papilla and adipocytes contained specific chromatin profiles that were de-repressed during late embryogenesis by the H3K27-me3 demethylase, Kdm6b/Jmjd3. Tissue-specific deletion of Kdm6b/Jmjd3 resulted in ablating the adipocyte compartment and inhibiting mature dermal papilla functions in single-cell-RNA-seq, ChIPseq, and allografting assays. Altogether our studies reveal a mechanistic multimodal understanding of how DFPs differentiate into distinct fibroblast lineages, and we provide a novel multiomic search-tool within skinregeneration.org.
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Affiliation(s)
- Quan M. Phan
- School of Molecular Biosciences, Washington State University, Pullman, WA
| | - Lucia Salz
- North Rhine-Westphalia Technical University of Aachen, Aachen, Germany
| | - Sam S. Kindl
- School of Molecular Biosciences, Washington State University, Pullman, WA
| | - Jayden S. Lopez
- School of Molecular Biosciences, Washington State University, Pullman, WA
| | - Sean M. Thompson
- School of Molecular Biosciences, Washington State University, Pullman, WA
| | - Jasson Makkar
- School of Molecular Biosciences, Washington State University, Pullman, WA
| | - Iwona M. Driskell
- School of Molecular Biosciences, Washington State University, Pullman, WA
| | - Ryan R. Driskell
- School of Molecular Biosciences, Washington State University, Pullman, WA
- Center for Reproductive Biology, Washington State University, Pullman, WA
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8
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Li N, Meng G, Yang C, Li H, Liu L, Wu Y, Liu B. Changes in epigenetic information during the occurrence and development of gastric cancer. Int J Biochem Cell Biol 2022; 153:106315. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biocel.2022.106315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2022] [Revised: 09/22/2022] [Accepted: 10/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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9
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Ghuwalewala S, Lee SA, Jiang K, Baidya J, Chovatiya G, Kaur P, Shalloway D, Tumbar T. Binary organization of epidermal basal domains highlights robustness to environmental exposure. EMBO J 2022; 41:e110488. [PMID: 35949182 PMCID: PMC9475544 DOI: 10.15252/embj.2021110488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2021] [Revised: 07/07/2022] [Accepted: 07/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Adulte interfollicular epidermis (IFE) renewal is likely orchestrated by physiological demands of its complex tissue architecture comprising spatial and cellular heterogeneity. Mouse tail and back skin display two kinds of basal IFE spatial domains that regenerate at different rates. Here, we elucidate the molecular and cellular states of basal IFE domains by marker expression and single-cell transcriptomics in mouse and human skin. We uncover two paths of basal cell differentiation that in part reflect the IFE spatial domain organization. We unravel previously unrecognized similarities between mouse tail IFE basal domains defined as scales and interscales versus human rete ridges and inter-ridges, respectively. Furthermore, our basal IFE transcriptomics and gene targeting in mice provide evidence supporting a physiological role of IFE domains in adaptation to differential UV exposure. We identify Sox6 as a novel UV-induced and interscale/inter-ridge preferred basal IFE-domain transcription factor, important for IFE proliferation and survival. The spatial, cellular, and molecular organization of IFE basal domains underscores skin adaptation to environmental exposure and its unusual robustness in adult homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Seon A Lee
- Department of Molecular Biology and GeneticsCornell UniversityIthacaNYUSA
| | - Kevin Jiang
- Department of Molecular Biology and GeneticsCornell UniversityIthacaNYUSA
| | - Joydeep Baidya
- Department of Molecular Biology and GeneticsCornell UniversityIthacaNYUSA
| | - Gopal Chovatiya
- Department of Molecular Biology and GeneticsCornell UniversityIthacaNYUSA
| | - Pritinder Kaur
- Curtin Medical School/Curtin Health Innovation Research InstituteCurtin UniversityPerthWAAustralia
| | - David Shalloway
- Department of Molecular Biology and GeneticsCornell UniversityIthacaNYUSA
| | - Tudorita Tumbar
- Department of Molecular Biology and GeneticsCornell UniversityIthacaNYUSA
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10
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Polycomb repressive complex 2 in adult hair follicle stem cells is dispensable for hair regeneration. PLoS Genet 2021; 17:e1009948. [PMID: 34905545 PMCID: PMC8670713 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1009948] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2021] [Accepted: 11/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Hair follicle stem cells (HFSCs) are multipotent cells that cycle through quiescence and activation to continuously fuel the production of hair follicles. Prior genome mapping studies had shown that tri-methylation of histone H3 at lysine 27 (H3K27me3), the chromatin mark mediated by Polycomb Repressive Complex 2 (PRC2), is dynamic between quiescent and activated HFSCs, suggesting that transcriptional changes associated with H3K27me3 might be critical for proper HFSC function. However, functional in vivo studies elucidating the role of PRC2 in adult HFSCs are lacking. In this study, by using in vivo loss-of-function studies we show that, surprisingly, PRC2 plays a non-instructive role in adult HFSCs and loss of PRC2 in HFSCs does not lead to loss of HFSC quiescence or changes in cell identity. Interestingly, RNA-seq and immunofluorescence analyses of PRC2-null quiescent HFSCs revealed upregulation of genes associated with activated state of HFSCs. Altogether, our findings show that transcriptional program under PRC2 regulation is dispensable for maintaining HFSC quiescence and hair regeneration.
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11
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Bonitto K, Sarathy K, Atai K, Mitra M, Coller HA. Is There a Histone Code for Cellular Quiescence? Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:739780. [PMID: 34778253 PMCID: PMC8586460 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.739780] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2021] [Accepted: 09/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Many of the cells in our bodies are quiescent, that is, temporarily not dividing. Under certain physiological conditions such as during tissue repair and maintenance, quiescent cells receive the appropriate stimulus and are induced to enter the cell cycle. The ability of cells to successfully transition into and out of a quiescent state is crucial for many biological processes including wound healing, stem cell maintenance, and immunological responses. Across species and tissues, transcriptional, epigenetic, and chromosomal changes associated with the transition between proliferation and quiescence have been analyzed, and some consistent changes associated with quiescence have been identified. Histone modifications have been shown to play a role in chromatin packing and accessibility, nucleosome mobility, gene expression, and chromosome arrangement. In this review, we critically evaluate the role of different histone marks in these processes during quiescence entry and exit. We consider different model systems for quiescence, each of the most frequently monitored candidate histone marks, and the role of their writers, erasers and readers. We highlight data that support these marks contributing to the changes observed with quiescence. We specifically ask whether there is a quiescence histone “code,” a mechanism whereby the language encoded by specific combinations of histone marks is read and relayed downstream to modulate cell state and function. We conclude by highlighting emerging technologies that can be applied to gain greater insight into the role of a histone code for quiescence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenya Bonitto
- Department of Molecular, Cell, and Developmental Biology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Kirthana Sarathy
- Department of Molecular, Cell, and Developmental Biology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Kaiser Atai
- Department of Molecular, Cell, and Developmental Biology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States.,Molecular Biology Interdepartmental Doctoral Program, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States.,Department of Biological Chemistry, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Mithun Mitra
- Department of Molecular, Cell, and Developmental Biology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States.,Department of Biological Chemistry, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Hilary A Coller
- Department of Molecular, Cell, and Developmental Biology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States.,Department of Biological Chemistry, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States.,Molecular Biology Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States
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12
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Flora P, Dalal G, Cohen I, Ezhkova E. Polycomb Repressive Complex(es) and Their Role in Adult Stem Cells. Genes (Basel) 2021; 12:1485. [PMID: 34680880 PMCID: PMC8535826 DOI: 10.3390/genes12101485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2021] [Revised: 09/13/2021] [Accepted: 09/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Populations of resident stem cells (SCs) are responsible for maintaining, repairing, and regenerating adult tissues. In addition to having the capacity to generate all the differentiated cell types of the tissue, adult SCs undergo long periods of quiescence within the niche to maintain themselves. The process of SC renewal and differentiation is tightly regulated for proper tissue regeneration throughout an organisms' lifetime. Epigenetic regulators, such as the polycomb group (PcG) of proteins have been implicated in modulating gene expression in adult SCs to maintain homeostatic and regenerative balances in adult tissues. In this review, we summarize the recent findings that elucidate the composition and function of the polycomb repressive complex machinery and highlight their role in diverse adult stem cell compartments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pooja Flora
- Department of Cell, Developmental, and Regenerative Biology, Black Family Stem Cell Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, 1 Gustave L. Levy Place, New York, NY 10029, USA;
| | - Gil Dalal
- The Shraga Segal Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Genetics, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer Sheva 84105, Israel;
| | - Idan Cohen
- The Shraga Segal Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Genetics, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer Sheva 84105, Israel;
| | - Elena Ezhkova
- Department of Cell, Developmental, and Regenerative Biology, Black Family Stem Cell Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, 1 Gustave L. Levy Place, New York, NY 10029, USA;
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13
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Stevenson AW, Deng Z, Allahham A, Prêle CM, Wood FM, Fear MW. The epigenetics of keloids. Exp Dermatol 2021; 30:1099-1114. [PMID: 34152651 DOI: 10.1111/exd.14414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2020] [Revised: 06/04/2021] [Accepted: 06/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Keloid scarring is a fibroproliferative disorder of the skin with unknown pathophysiology, characterised by fibrotic tissue that extends beyond the boundaries of the original wound. Therapeutic options are few and commonly ineffective, with keloids very commonly recurring even after surgery and adjunct treatments. Epigenetics, defined as alterations to the DNA not involving the base-pair sequence, is a key regulator of cell functions, and aberrant epigenetic modifications have been found to contribute to many pathologies. Multiple studies have examined many different epigenetic modifications in keloids, including DNA methylation, histone modification, microRNAs and long non-coding RNAs. These studies have established that epigenetic dysregulation exists in keloid scars, and successful future treatment of keloids may involve reverting these aberrant modifications back to those found in normal skin. Here we summarise the clinical and experimental studies available on the epigenetics of keloids, discuss the major open questions and future perspectives on the treatment of this disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew W Stevenson
- Burn Injury Research Unit, School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Zhenjun Deng
- Burn Injury Research Unit, School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Amira Allahham
- Burn Injury Research Unit, School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Cecilia M Prêle
- Ear Science Centre, Medical School, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Fiona M Wood
- Burn Injury Research Unit, School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia.,Burns Service of Western Australia, Princess Margaret Hospital for Children and Fiona Stanley Hospital, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Mark W Fear
- Burn Injury Research Unit, School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia.,Institute for Respiratory Health, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia
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14
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Fujimura Y, Watanabe M, Ohno K, Kobayashi Y, Takashima S, Nakamura H, Kosumi H, Wang Y, Mai Y, Lauria A, Proserpio V, Ujiie H, Iwata H, Nishie W, Nagayama M, Oliviero S, Donati G, Shimizu H, Natsuga K. Hair follicle stem cell progeny heal blisters while pausing skin development. EMBO Rep 2021; 22:e50882. [PMID: 34085753 DOI: 10.15252/embr.202050882] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2020] [Revised: 04/30/2021] [Accepted: 05/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Injury in adult tissue generally reactivates developmental programs to foster regeneration, but it is not known whether this paradigm applies to growing tissue. Here, by employing blisters, we show that epidermal wounds heal at the expense of skin development. The regenerated epidermis suppresses the expression of tissue morphogenesis genes accompanied by delayed hair follicle (HF) growth. Lineage tracing experiments, cell proliferation dynamics, and mathematical modeling reveal that the progeny of HF junctional zone stem cells, which undergo a morphological transformation, repair the blisters while not promoting HF development. In contrast, the contribution of interfollicular stem cell progeny to blister healing is small. These findings demonstrate that HF development can be sacrificed for the sake of epidermal wound regeneration. Our study elucidates the key cellular mechanism of wound healing in skin blistering diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Fujimura
- Department of Dermatology, Faculty of Medicine and Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Mika Watanabe
- Department of Dermatology, Faculty of Medicine and Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan.,Department of Life Sciences and Systems Biology, Molecular Biotechnology Centre, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Kota Ohno
- Research Institute for Electronic Science, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Yasuaki Kobayashi
- Research Institute for Electronic Science, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Shota Takashima
- Department of Dermatology, Faculty of Medicine and Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Hideki Nakamura
- Department of Dermatology, Faculty of Medicine and Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Hideyuki Kosumi
- Department of Dermatology, Faculty of Medicine and Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Yunan Wang
- Department of Dermatology, Faculty of Medicine and Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Yosuke Mai
- Department of Dermatology, Faculty of Medicine and Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Andrea Lauria
- Department of Life Sciences and Systems Biology, Molecular Biotechnology Centre, University of Turin, Turin, Italy.,Italian Institute for Genomic Medicine, Candiolo, Italy
| | - Valentina Proserpio
- Italian Institute for Genomic Medicine, Candiolo, Italy.,Candiolo Cancer Institute, FPO-IRCCS, Candiolo, Italy
| | - Hideyuki Ujiie
- Department of Dermatology, Faculty of Medicine and Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Hiroaki Iwata
- Department of Dermatology, Faculty of Medicine and Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Wataru Nishie
- Department of Dermatology, Faculty of Medicine and Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Masaharu Nagayama
- Research Institute for Electronic Science, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Salvatore Oliviero
- Department of Life Sciences and Systems Biology, Molecular Biotechnology Centre, University of Turin, Turin, Italy.,Italian Institute for Genomic Medicine, Candiolo, Italy
| | - Giacomo Donati
- Department of Life Sciences and Systems Biology, Molecular Biotechnology Centre, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Hiroshi Shimizu
- Department of Dermatology, Faculty of Medicine and Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Ken Natsuga
- Department of Dermatology, Faculty of Medicine and Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
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15
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Li X, Liu C, Zhu Y, Rao H, Liu M, Gui L, Feng W, Tang H, Xu J, Gao WQ, Li L. SETD2 epidermal deficiency promotes cutaneous wound healing via activation of AKT/mTOR Signalling. Cell Prolif 2021; 54:e13045. [PMID: 33949020 PMCID: PMC8168411 DOI: 10.1111/cpr.13045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2021] [Revised: 03/26/2021] [Accepted: 04/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives Cutaneous wound healing is one of the major medical problems worldwide. Epigenetic modifiers have been identified as important players in skin development, homeostasis and wound repair. SET domain–containing 2 (SETD2) is the only known histone H3K36 tri‐methylase; however, its role in skin wound healing remains unclear. Materials and Methods To elucidate the biological role of SETD2 in wound healing, conditional gene targeting was used to generate epidermis‐specific Setd2‐deficient mice. Wound‐healing experiments were performed on the backs of mice, and injured skin tissues were collected and analysed by haematoxylin and eosin (H&E) and immunohistochemical staining. In vitro, CCK8 and scratch wound‐healing assays were performed on Setd2‐knockdown and Setd2‐overexpression human immortalized keratinocyte cell line (HaCaT). In addition, RNA‐seq and H3K36me3 ChIP‐seq analyses were performed to identify the dysregulated genes modulated by SETD2. Finally, the results were validated in functional rescue experiments using AKT and mTOR inhibitors (MK2206 and rapamycin). Results Epidermis‐specific Setd2‐deficient mice were successfully established, and SETD2 deficiency resulted in accelerated re‐epithelialization during cutaneous wound healing by promoting keratinocyte proliferation and migration. Furthermore, the loss of SETD2 enhanced the scratch closure and proliferation of keratinocytes in vitro. Mechanistically, the deletion of Setd2 resulted in the activation of AKT/mTOR signalling pathway, while the pharmacological inhibition of AKT and mTOR with MK2206 and rapamycin, respectively, delayed wound closure. Conclusions Our results showed that SETD2 loss promoted cutaneous wound healing via the activation of AKT/mTOR signalling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoxue Li
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, School of Medicine and School of Biomedical Engineering, Renji Med-X Clinical Stem Cell Research Center, Ren Ji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China.,School of Biomedical Engineering and Med-X Research Institute, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Changwei Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, School of Medicine and School of Biomedical Engineering, Renji Med-X Clinical Stem Cell Research Center, Ren Ji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China.,School of Biomedical Engineering and Med-X Research Institute, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yiwen Zhu
- School of Rehabilitation Science, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Hanyu Rao
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, School of Medicine and School of Biomedical Engineering, Renji Med-X Clinical Stem Cell Research Center, Ren Ji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China.,School of Biomedical Engineering and Med-X Research Institute, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Min Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, School of Medicine and School of Biomedical Engineering, Renji Med-X Clinical Stem Cell Research Center, Ren Ji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China.,School of Biomedical Engineering and Med-X Research Institute, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Liming Gui
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, School of Medicine and School of Biomedical Engineering, Renji Med-X Clinical Stem Cell Research Center, Ren Ji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China.,School of Biomedical Engineering and Med-X Research Institute, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Wenxin Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, School of Medicine and School of Biomedical Engineering, Renji Med-X Clinical Stem Cell Research Center, Ren Ji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China.,School of Biomedical Engineering and Med-X Research Institute, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Huayuan Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Oncogenomics, School of Chemical Biology and Biotechnology, Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School, Shenzhen, China
| | - Jin Xu
- School of Biomedical Engineering and Med-X Research Institute, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Wei-Qiang Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, School of Medicine and School of Biomedical Engineering, Renji Med-X Clinical Stem Cell Research Center, Ren Ji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China.,School of Biomedical Engineering and Med-X Research Institute, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Li Li
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, School of Medicine and School of Biomedical Engineering, Renji Med-X Clinical Stem Cell Research Center, Ren Ji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China.,School of Biomedical Engineering and Med-X Research Institute, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
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16
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Pastar I, Marjanovic J, Stone RC, Chen V, Burgess JL, Mervis JS, Tomic-Canic M. Epigenetic regulation of cellular functions in wound healing. Exp Dermatol 2021; 30:1073-1089. [PMID: 33690920 DOI: 10.1111/exd.14325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2021] [Revised: 03/04/2021] [Accepted: 03/08/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Stringent spatiotemporal regulation of the wound healing process involving multiple cell types is associated with epigenetic mechanisms of gene regulation, such as DNA methylation, histone modification and chromatin remodelling, as well as non-coding RNAs. Here, we discuss the epigenetic changes that occur during wound healing and the rapidly expanding understanding of how these mechanisms affect healing resolution in both acute and chronic wound milieu. We provide a focussed overview of current research into epigenetic regulators that contribute to wound healing by specific cell type. We highlight the role of epigenetic regulators in the molecular pathophysiology of chronic wound conditions. The understanding of how epigenetic regulators can affect cellular functions during normal and impaired wound healing could lead to novel therapeutic approaches, and we outline questions that can provide guidance for future research on epigenetic-based interventions to promote healing. Dissecting the dynamic interplay between cellular subtypes involved in wound healing and epigenetic parameters during barrier repair will deepen our understanding of how to improve healing outcomes in patients affected by chronic non-healing wounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irena Pastar
- Dr Phillip Frost Department of Dermatology and Cutaneous Surgery, Wound Healing and Regenerative Medicine Research Program, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Jelena Marjanovic
- Dr Phillip Frost Department of Dermatology and Cutaneous Surgery, Wound Healing and Regenerative Medicine Research Program, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Rivka C Stone
- Dr Phillip Frost Department of Dermatology and Cutaneous Surgery, Wound Healing and Regenerative Medicine Research Program, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Vivien Chen
- Dr Phillip Frost Department of Dermatology and Cutaneous Surgery, Wound Healing and Regenerative Medicine Research Program, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Jamie L Burgess
- Dr Phillip Frost Department of Dermatology and Cutaneous Surgery, Wound Healing and Regenerative Medicine Research Program, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Joshua S Mervis
- Dr Phillip Frost Department of Dermatology and Cutaneous Surgery, Wound Healing and Regenerative Medicine Research Program, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Marjana Tomic-Canic
- Dr Phillip Frost Department of Dermatology and Cutaneous Surgery, Wound Healing and Regenerative Medicine Research Program, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
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17
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Wagner RN, Piñón Hofbauer J, Wally V, Kofler B, Schmuth M, De Rosa L, De Luca M, Bauer JW. Epigenetic and metabolic regulation of epidermal homeostasis. Exp Dermatol 2021; 30:1009-1022. [PMID: 33600038 PMCID: PMC8359218 DOI: 10.1111/exd.14305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2020] [Revised: 02/11/2021] [Accepted: 02/14/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Continuous exposure of the skin to environmental, mechanical and chemical stress necessitates constant self‐renewal of the epidermis to maintain its barrier function. This self‐renewal ability is attributed to epidermal stem cells (EPSCs), which are long‐lived, multipotent cells located in the basal layer of the epidermis. Epidermal homeostasis – coordinated proliferation and differentiation of EPSCs – relies on fine‐tuned adaptations in gene expression which in turn are tightly associated with specific epigenetic signatures and metabolic requirements. In this review, we will briefly summarize basic concepts of EPSC biology and epigenetic regulation with relevance to epidermal homeostasis. We will highlight the intricate interplay between mitochondrial energy metabolism and epigenetic events – including miRNA‐mediated mechanisms – and discuss how the loss of epigenetic regulation and epidermal homeostasis manifests in skin disease. Discussion of inherited epidermolysis bullosa (EB) and disorders of cornification will focus on evidence for epigenetic deregulation and failure in epidermal homeostasis, including stem cell exhaustion and signs of premature ageing. We reason that the epigenetic and metabolic component of epidermal homeostasis is significant and warrants close attention. Charting epigenetic and metabolic complexities also represents an important step in the development of future systemic interventions aimed at restoring epidermal homeostasis and ameliorating disease burden in severe skin conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roland N Wagner
- Department of Dermatology and Allergology, University Hospital of the Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Josefina Piñón Hofbauer
- EB House Austria, Research Program for Molecular Therapy of Genodermatoses, Department of Dermatology and Allergology, University Hospital of the Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Verena Wally
- EB House Austria, Research Program for Molecular Therapy of Genodermatoses, Department of Dermatology and Allergology, University Hospital of the Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Barbara Kofler
- Research Program for Receptor Biochemistry and Tumor Metabolism, Department of Pediatrics, University Hospital of the Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Matthias Schmuth
- Department of Dermatology, Medical University Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Laura De Rosa
- Holostem Terapie Avanzate S.r.l., Center for Regenerative Medicine "Stefano Ferrari", Modena, Italy
| | - Michele De Luca
- Center for Regenerative Medicine "Stefano Ferrari", Department of Life Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - Johann W Bauer
- Department of Dermatology and Allergology, University Hospital of the Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg, Austria
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18
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Balmer P, Hariton WVJ, Sayar BS, Jagannathan V, Galichet A, Leeb T, Roosje P, Müller EJ. SUV39H2 epigenetic silencing controls fate conversion of epidermal stem and progenitor cells. J Cell Biol 2021; 220:211810. [PMID: 33604655 PMCID: PMC7898489 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.201908178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2019] [Revised: 11/04/2020] [Accepted: 01/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Epigenetic histone trimethylation on lysine 9 (H3K9me3) represents a major molecular signal for genome stability and gene silencing conserved from worms to man. However, the functional role of the H3K9 trimethylases SUV39H1/2 in mammalian tissue homeostasis remains largely unknown. Here, we use a spontaneous dog model with monogenic inheritance of a recessive SUV39H2 loss-of-function variant and impaired differentiation in the epidermis, a self-renewing tissue fueled by stem and progenitor cell proliferation and differentiation. Our results demonstrate that SUV39H2 maintains the stem and progenitor cell pool by restricting fate conversion through H3K9me3 repressive marks on gene promoters encoding components of the Wnt/p63/adhesion axis. When SUV39H2 function is lost, repression is relieved, and enhanced Wnt activity causes progenitor cells to prematurely exit the cell cycle, a process mimicked by pharmacological Wnt activation in primary canine, human, and mouse keratinocytes. As a consequence, the stem cell growth potential of cultured SUV39H2-deficient canine keratinocytes is exhausted while epidermal differentiation and genome stability are compromised. Collectively, our data identify SUV39H2 and potentially also SUV39H1 as major gatekeepers in the delicate balance of progenitor fate conversion through H3K9me3 rate-limiting road blocks in basal layer keratinocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pierre Balmer
- Division of Clinical Dermatology, Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland.,Dermfocus, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland.,Department for BioMedical Research, Molecular Dermatology and Stem Cell Research, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland.,Department of Dermatology, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - William V J Hariton
- Dermfocus, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland.,Department for BioMedical Research, Molecular Dermatology and Stem Cell Research, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland.,Department of Dermatology, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Beyza S Sayar
- Dermfocus, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland.,Department for BioMedical Research, Molecular Dermatology and Stem Cell Research, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland.,Department of Dermatology, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Vidhya Jagannathan
- Dermfocus, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland.,Institute of Genetics, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Arnaud Galichet
- Dermfocus, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland.,Department for BioMedical Research, Molecular Dermatology and Stem Cell Research, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland.,Department of Dermatology, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Tosso Leeb
- Dermfocus, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland.,Institute of Genetics, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Petra Roosje
- Division of Clinical Dermatology, Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland.,Dermfocus, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Eliane J Müller
- Dermfocus, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland.,Department for BioMedical Research, Molecular Dermatology and Stem Cell Research, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland.,Department of Dermatology, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland.,Institute of Animal Pathology, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
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19
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Lee SA, Li KN, Tumbar T. Stem cell-intrinsic mechanisms regulating adult hair follicle homeostasis. Exp Dermatol 2020; 30:430-447. [PMID: 33278851 DOI: 10.1111/exd.14251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2020] [Revised: 11/23/2020] [Accepted: 11/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Adult hair follicle stem cells (HFSCs) undergo dynamic and periodic molecular changes in their cellular states throughout the hair homeostatic cycle. These states are tightly regulated by cell-intrinsic mechanisms and by extrinsic signals from the microenvironment. HFSCs are essential not only for fuelling hair growth, but also for skin wound healing. Increasing evidence suggests an important role of HFSCs in organizing multiple skin components around the hair follicle, thus functioning as an organizing centre during adult skin homeostasis. Here, we focus on recent findings on cell-intrinsic mechanisms of HFSC homeostasis, which include transcription factors, histone modifications, DNA regulatory elements, non-coding RNAs, cell metabolism, cell polarity and post-transcriptional mRNA processing. Several transcription factors are now known to participate in well-known signalling pathways that control hair follicle homeostasis, as well as in super-enhancer activities to modulate HFSC and progenitor lineage progression. Interestingly, HFSCs have been shown to secrete molecules that are important in guiding the organization of several skin components around the hair follicle, including nerves, arrector pili muscle and vasculature. Finally, we discuss recent technological advances in the field such as single-cell RNA sequencing and live imaging, which revealed HFSC and progenitor heterogeneity and brought new light to understanding crosstalking between HFSCs and the microenvironment. The field is well on its way to generate a comprehensive map of molecular interactions that should serve as a solid theoretical platform for application in hair and skin disease and ageing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seon A Lee
- Molecular Biology and Genetics, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
| | - Kefei Nina Li
- Molecular Biology and Genetics, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
| | - Tudorita Tumbar
- Molecular Biology and Genetics, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
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20
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Flora P, Ezhkova E. Regulatory mechanisms governing epidermal stem cell function during development and homeostasis. Development 2020; 147:147/22/dev194100. [PMID: 33191273 DOI: 10.1242/dev.194100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Cell divisions and cell-fate decisions require stringent regulation for proper tissue development and homeostasis. The mammalian epidermis is a highly organized tissue structure that is sustained by epidermal stem cells (ESCs) that balance self-renewal and cell-fate decisions to establish a protective barrier, while replacing dying cells during homeostasis and in response to injury. Extensive work over past decades has provided insights into the regulatory mechanisms that control ESC specification, self-renewal and maintenance during different stages of the lifetime of an organism. In this Review, we discuss recent findings that have furthered our understanding of key regulatory features that allow ESCs to establish a functional barrier during development and to maintain tissue homeostasis in adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pooja Flora
- Black Family Stem Cell Institute, Department of Cell, Developmental, and Regenerative Biology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, 1 Gustave L. Levy Place, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Elena Ezhkova
- Black Family Stem Cell Institute, Department of Cell, Developmental, and Regenerative Biology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, 1 Gustave L. Levy Place, New York, NY 10029, USA
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21
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Lewis CJ, Stevenson A, Fear MW, Wood FM. A review of epigenetic regulation in wound healing: Implications for the future of wound care. Wound Repair Regen 2020; 28:710-718. [DOI: 10.1111/wrr.12838] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2019] [Revised: 04/25/2020] [Accepted: 06/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Christopher J. Lewis
- State Adult Burn Service of Western Australia Fiona Stanley Hospital Perth Western Australia Australia
| | - Andrew Stevenson
- State Adult Burn Service of Western Australia Fiona Stanley Hospital Perth Western Australia Australia
| | - Mark W. Fear
- State Adult Burn Service of Western Australia Fiona Stanley Hospital Perth Western Australia Australia
| | - Fiona M. Wood
- State Adult Burn Service of Western Australia Fiona Stanley Hospital Perth Western Australia Australia
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22
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Somasundaram L, Levy S, Hussein AM, Ehnes DD, Mathieu J, Ruohola-Baker H. Epigenetic metabolites license stem cell states. Curr Top Dev Biol 2020; 138:209-240. [PMID: 32220298 DOI: 10.1016/bs.ctdb.2020.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
It has become clear during recent years that stem cells undergo metabolic remodeling during their activation process. While these metabolic switches take place in pluripotency as well as adult stem cell populations, the rules that govern the switch are not clear. In this review, we summarize some of the transitions in adult and pluripotent cell types and will propose that the key function in this process is the generation of epigenetic metabolites that govern critical epigenetic modifications, and therefore stem cell states.
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Affiliation(s)
- Logeshwaran Somasundaram
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States; Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States
| | - Shiri Levy
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States; Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States
| | - Abdiasis M Hussein
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States; Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States
| | - Devon D Ehnes
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States; Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States
| | - Julie Mathieu
- Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States; Department of Comparative Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States
| | - Hannele Ruohola-Baker
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States; Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States.
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