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Du C, Liu C, Yu K, Zhang S, Fu Z, Chen X, Liao W, Chen J, Zhang Y, Wang X, Chen M, Chen F, Shen M, Wang C, Chen S, Wang S, Wang J. Mitochondrial serine catabolism safeguards maintenance of the hematopoietic stem cell pool in homeostasis and injury. Cell Stem Cell 2024; 31:1484-1500.e9. [PMID: 39181130 DOI: 10.1016/j.stem.2024.07.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2024] [Revised: 06/14/2024] [Accepted: 07/30/2024] [Indexed: 08/27/2024]
Abstract
Hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) employ a very unique metabolic pattern to maintain themselves, while the spectrum of their metabolic adaptations remains incompletely understood. Here, we uncover a distinct and heterogeneous serine metabolism within HSCs and identify mouse HSCs as a serine auxotroph whose maintenance relies on exogenous serine and the ensuing mitochondrial serine catabolism driven by the hydroxymethyltransferase 2 (SHMT2)-methylene-tetrahydrofolate dehydrogenase 2 (MTHFD2) axis. Mitochondrial serine catabolism primarily feeds NAD(P)H generation to maintain redox balance and thereby diminishes ferroptosis susceptibility of HSCs. Dietary serine deficiency, or genetic or pharmacological inhibition of the SHMT2-MTHFD2 axis, increases ferroptosis susceptibility of HSCs, leading to impaired maintenance of the HSC pool. Moreover, exogenous serine protects HSCs from irradiation-induced myelosuppressive injury by fueling mitochondrial serine catabolism to mitigate ferroptosis. These findings reframe the canonical view of serine from a nonessential amino acid to an essential niche metabolite for HSC pool maintenance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Changhong Du
- State Key Laboratory of Trauma and Chemical Poisoning, Institute of Combined Injury, Chongqing Engineering Research Center for Nanomedicine, College of Preventive Medicine, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing 400038, China.
| | - Chaonan Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Trauma and Chemical Poisoning, Institute of Combined Injury, Chongqing Engineering Research Center for Nanomedicine, College of Preventive Medicine, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing 400038, China; Frontier Medical Training Brigade, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Xinjiang 831200, China
| | - Kuan Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Trauma and Chemical Poisoning, Institute of Combined Injury, Chongqing Engineering Research Center for Nanomedicine, College of Preventive Medicine, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing 400038, China
| | - Shuzhen Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Trauma and Chemical Poisoning, Institute of Combined Injury, Chongqing Engineering Research Center for Nanomedicine, College of Preventive Medicine, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing 400038, China
| | - Zeyu Fu
- State Key Laboratory of Trauma and Chemical Poisoning, Institute of Combined Injury, Chongqing Engineering Research Center for Nanomedicine, College of Preventive Medicine, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing 400038, China
| | - Xinliang Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Trauma and Chemical Poisoning, Institute of Combined Injury, Chongqing Engineering Research Center for Nanomedicine, College of Preventive Medicine, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing 400038, China
| | - Weinian Liao
- State Key Laboratory of Trauma and Chemical Poisoning, Institute of Combined Injury, Chongqing Engineering Research Center for Nanomedicine, College of Preventive Medicine, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing 400038, China
| | - Jun Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Trauma and Chemical Poisoning, Institute of Combined Injury, Chongqing Engineering Research Center for Nanomedicine, College of Preventive Medicine, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing 400038, China
| | - Yimin Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Trauma and Chemical Poisoning, Institute of Combined Injury, Chongqing Engineering Research Center for Nanomedicine, College of Preventive Medicine, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing 400038, China
| | - Xinmiao Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Trauma and Chemical Poisoning, Institute of Combined Injury, Chongqing Engineering Research Center for Nanomedicine, College of Preventive Medicine, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing 400038, China; Department of Hematology, The General Hospital of Western Theater Command, Chengdu, Sichuan 610008, China
| | - Mo Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Trauma and Chemical Poisoning, Institute of Combined Injury, Chongqing Engineering Research Center for Nanomedicine, College of Preventive Medicine, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing 400038, China
| | - Fang Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Trauma and Chemical Poisoning, Institute of Combined Injury, Chongqing Engineering Research Center for Nanomedicine, College of Preventive Medicine, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing 400038, China
| | - Mingqiang Shen
- State Key Laboratory of Trauma and Chemical Poisoning, Institute of Combined Injury, Chongqing Engineering Research Center for Nanomedicine, College of Preventive Medicine, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing 400038, China
| | - Cheng Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Trauma and Chemical Poisoning, Institute of Combined Injury, Chongqing Engineering Research Center for Nanomedicine, College of Preventive Medicine, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing 400038, China
| | - Shilei Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Trauma and Chemical Poisoning, Institute of Combined Injury, Chongqing Engineering Research Center for Nanomedicine, College of Preventive Medicine, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing 400038, China
| | - Song Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Trauma and Chemical Poisoning, Institute of Combined Injury, Chongqing Engineering Research Center for Nanomedicine, College of Preventive Medicine, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing 400038, China.
| | - Junping Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Trauma and Chemical Poisoning, Institute of Combined Injury, Chongqing Engineering Research Center for Nanomedicine, College of Preventive Medicine, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing 400038, China.
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Zhang Y, Chen X, Wang X, Chen J, Du C, Wang J, Liao W. Insights into ionizing radiation-induced bone marrow hematopoietic stem cell injury. Stem Cell Res Ther 2024; 15:222. [PMID: 39039566 PMCID: PMC11265359 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-024-03853-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2024] [Accepted: 07/13/2024] [Indexed: 07/24/2024] Open
Abstract
With the widespread application of nuclear technology across various fields, ionizing radiation-induced injuries are becoming increasingly common. The bone marrow (BM) hematopoietic tissue is a primary target organ of radiation injury. Recent researches have confirmed that ionizing radiation-induced hematopoietic dysfunction mainly results from BM hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) injury. Additionally, disrupting and reshaping BM microenvironment is a critical factor impacting both the injury and regeneration of HSCs post radiation. However, the regulatory mechanisms of ionizing radiation injury to BM HSCs and their microenvironment remain poorly understood, and prevention and treatment of radiation injury remain the focus and difficulty in radiation medicine research. In this review, we aim to summarize the effects and mechanisms of ionizing radiation-induced injury to BM HSCs and microenvironment, thereby enhancing our understanding of ionizing radiation-induced hematopoietic injury and providing insights for its prevention and treatment in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yimin Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Trauma and Chemical Poisoning, Institute of Combined Injury, Chongqing Engineering Research Center for Nanomedicine, College of Preventive Medicine, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing, 400038, China
| | - Xinliang Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Trauma and Chemical Poisoning, Institute of Combined Injury, Chongqing Engineering Research Center for Nanomedicine, College of Preventive Medicine, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing, 400038, China
| | - Xinmiao Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Trauma and Chemical Poisoning, Institute of Combined Injury, Chongqing Engineering Research Center for Nanomedicine, College of Preventive Medicine, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing, 400038, China
- Department of Hematology, The General Hospital of Western Theater Command, Chengdu, 610008, Sichuan, China
| | - Jun Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Trauma and Chemical Poisoning, Institute of Combined Injury, Chongqing Engineering Research Center for Nanomedicine, College of Preventive Medicine, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing, 400038, China
| | - Changhong Du
- State Key Laboratory of Trauma and Chemical Poisoning, Institute of Combined Injury, Chongqing Engineering Research Center for Nanomedicine, College of Preventive Medicine, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing, 400038, China
| | - Junping Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Trauma and Chemical Poisoning, Institute of Combined Injury, Chongqing Engineering Research Center for Nanomedicine, College of Preventive Medicine, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing, 400038, China.
| | - Weinian Liao
- State Key Laboratory of Trauma and Chemical Poisoning, Institute of Combined Injury, Chongqing Engineering Research Center for Nanomedicine, College of Preventive Medicine, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing, 400038, China.
- Laboratory of Advanced Biotechnology & State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Biotechnology, Beijing, 100071, China.
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3
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Zuo H, Wu A, Wang M, Hong L, Wang H. tRNA m 1A modification regulate HSC maintenance and self-renewal via mTORC1 signaling. Nat Commun 2024; 15:5706. [PMID: 38977676 PMCID: PMC11231335 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-50110-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2023] [Accepted: 06/28/2024] [Indexed: 07/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Haematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) possess unique physiological adaptations to sustain blood cell production and cope with stress responses throughout life. To maintain these adaptations, HSCs rely on maintaining a tightly controlled protein translation rate. However, the mechanism of how HSCs regulate protein translation remains to be fully elucidated. In this study, we investigate the role of transfer RNA (tRNA) m1A58 'writer' proteins TRMT6 and TRMT61A in regulating HSCs function. Trmt6 deletion promoted HSC proliferation through aberrant activation of mTORC1 signaling. TRMT6-deficient HSCs exhibited an impaired self-renewal ability in competitive transplantation assay. Mechanistically, single cell RNA-seq analysis reveals that the mTORC1 signaling pathway is highly upregulated in HSC-enriched cell populations after Trmt6 deletion. m1A-tRNA-seq and Western blot analysis suggest that TRMT6 promotes methylation modification of specific tRNA and expression of TSC1, fine-tuning mTORC1 signaling levels. Furthermore, Pharmacological inhibition of the mTORC1 pathway rescued functional defect in TRMT6-deficient HSCs. To our knowledge, this study is the first to elucidate a mechanism by which TRMT6-TRMT61A complex-mediated tRNA-m1A58 modification regulates HSC homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongna Zuo
- Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Medical Epigenetics, School of Basic Medical Sciences, The Third People's Hospital of Deqing, Department of Cardiology, Affiliated Hospital of Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, 311121, China
| | - Aiwei Wu
- Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Medical Epigenetics, School of Basic Medical Sciences, The Third People's Hospital of Deqing, Department of Cardiology, Affiliated Hospital of Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, 311121, China
| | - Mingwei Wang
- Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Medical Epigenetics, School of Basic Medical Sciences, The Third People's Hospital of Deqing, Department of Cardiology, Affiliated Hospital of Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, 311121, China
| | - Liquan Hong
- Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Medical Epigenetics, School of Basic Medical Sciences, The Third People's Hospital of Deqing, Department of Cardiology, Affiliated Hospital of Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, 311121, China
| | - Hu Wang
- Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Medical Epigenetics, School of Basic Medical Sciences, The Third People's Hospital of Deqing, Department of Cardiology, Affiliated Hospital of Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, 311121, China.
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Beeraka NM, Basappa B, Nikolenko VN, Mahesh PA. Role of Neurotransmitters in Steady State Hematopoiesis, Aging, and Leukemia. Stem Cell Rev Rep 2024:10.1007/s12015-024-10761-z. [PMID: 38976142 DOI: 10.1007/s12015-024-10761-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/02/2024] [Indexed: 07/09/2024]
Abstract
Haematopoiesis within the bone marrow (BM) represents a complex and dynamic process intricately regulated by neural signaling pathways. This delicate orchestration is susceptible to disruption by factors such as aging, diabetes, and obesity, which can impair the BM niche and consequently affect haematopoiesis. Genetic mutations in Tet2, Dnmt3a, Asxl1, and Jak2 are known to give rise to clonal haematopoiesis of intermediate potential (CHIP), a condition linked to age-related haematological malignancies. Despite these insights, the exact roles of circadian rhythms, sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P), stromal cell-derived factor-1 (SDF-1), sterile inflammation, and the complement cascade on various BM niche cells remain inadequately understood. Further research is needed to elucidate how BM niche cells contribute to these malignancies through neural regulation and their potential in the development of gene-corrected stem cells. This literature review describes the updated functional aspects of BM niche cells in haematopoiesis within the context of haematological malignancies, with a particular focus on neural signaling and the potential of radiomitigators in acute radiation syndrome. Additionally, it underscores the pressing need for technological advancements in stem cell-based therapies to alleviate the impacts of immunological stressors. Recent studies have illuminated the microheterogeneity and temporal stochasticity of niche cells within the BM during haematopoiesis, emphasizing the updated roles of neural signaling and immunosurveillance. The development of gene-corrected stem cells capable of producing blood, immune cells, and tissue-resident progeny is essential for combating age-related haematological malignancies and overcoming immunological challenges. This review aims to provide a comprehensive overview of these evolving insights and their implications for future therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Narasimha M Beeraka
- Herman B. Wells Center for Pediatric Research, Department of Pediatrics, Indiana University School of Medicine, 1044 W. Walnut Street, R4-168, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA.
- Department of Human Anatomy and Histology, I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation (Sechenov University), 8/2 Trubetskaya Str., Moscow, 119991, Russia.
- Raghavendra Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (RIPER), Anantapuramu, Chiyyedu, Andhra Pradesh, 515721, India.
| | - Basappa Basappa
- Department of Studies in Organic Chemistry, Laboratory of Chemical Biology, University of Mysore, Mysore, Karnataka, 570006, India
| | - Vladimir N Nikolenko
- Department of Human Anatomy and Histology, I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation (Sechenov University), 8/2 Trubetskaya Str., Moscow, 119991, Russia
| | - P A Mahesh
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, JSS Medical College, JSS Academy of Higher Education & Research (JSS AHER), Mysuru, Karnataka, India
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Guan D, Yang Y, Pang M, Liu X, Li Y, Huang P, Shang H, Wei H, Ye Z. Indole-3-carboxaldehyde ameliorates ionizing radiation-induced hematopoietic injury by enhancing hematopoietic stem and progenitor cell quiescence. Mol Cell Biochem 2024; 479:313-323. [PMID: 37067732 DOI: 10.1007/s11010-023-04732-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2023] [Accepted: 04/05/2023] [Indexed: 04/18/2023]
Abstract
Indole-3-carboxaldehyde (I3A), one of tryptophan metabolites derived from gut microbiota, extends the lifespan of mice after high-dose ionizing radiation exposure. Persistent myelosuppression is the most common and fatal complication for victims of nuclear accidents and patients undergoing radiotherapy, with few therapeutic options available. However, whether and how I3A protects ionizing radiation-induced hematopoietic toxicity remain unknown. In this study, we demonstrated that I3A treatment effectively ameliorated radiation-induced hematopoietic injury through accelerating peripheral blood cells recovery, promoting bone marrow cellularity restoration and enhancing functional HSPC regeneration. Additionally, I3A also suppressed intracellular reactive oxygen species production and inhibited apoptosis in irradiated HSPCs. Mechanistically, I3A treatment significantly increased HSPC quiescence, thus conferring HSPCs with resistance against radiation injury. Finally, I3A treatment could improve survival of lethally irradiated mice. Taken together, our data suggest that I3A acts as a gut microbiota-derived paracrine factor that regulates HSPC regeneration and may serve as a promising therapeutic agent for ionizing radiation-induced myelosuppression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongwei Guan
- Laboratary Animal Research Center, School of Medicine, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400044, China.
- Stem Cell Research Center, School of Medicine, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400044, China.
| | - Yonghao Yang
- Laboratary Animal Research Center, School of Medicine, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400044, China
- Stem Cell Research Center, School of Medicine, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400044, China
| | - Mao Pang
- Laboratary Animal Research Center, School of Medicine, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400044, China
- Stem Cell Research Center, School of Medicine, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400044, China
| | - Xinlei Liu
- Laboratary Animal Research Center, School of Medicine, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400044, China
- Stem Cell Research Center, School of Medicine, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400044, China
| | - Yang Li
- Laboratary Animal Research Center, School of Medicine, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400044, China
- Stem Cell Research Center, School of Medicine, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400044, China
| | - Pengju Huang
- Laboratary Animal Research Center, School of Medicine, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400044, China
- Stem Cell Research Center, School of Medicine, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400044, China
| | - Haitao Shang
- Institute of Precision Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Hong Wei
- Jinfeng Laboratory, Chongqing, 401329, China
| | - Zhijia Ye
- Laboratary Animal Research Center, School of Medicine, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400044, China.
- Stem Cell Research Center, School of Medicine, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400044, China.
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Langevin B, Singh P, Plett PA, Sampson CH, Masters A, Gibbs A, Faria ED, Triesler S, Zodda A, Jackson IL, Orschell CM, Gopalakrishnan M, Pelus LM. Pharmacokinetics and Biodistribution of 16,16 dimethyl Prostaglandin E2 in Non-Irradiated and Irradiated Mice and Non-Irradiated Non-Human Primates. Radiat Res 2024; 201:7-18. [PMID: 38019093 PMCID: PMC11163368 DOI: 10.1667/rade-23-00040.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2023] [Accepted: 10/23/2023] [Indexed: 11/30/2023]
Abstract
Exposure to high-dose ionizing radiation can lead to life-threatening injuries and mortality. Bone marrow is the most sensitive organ to radiation damage, resulting in the hematopoietic acute radiation syndrome (H-ARS) with the potential sequelae of infection, hemorrhage, anemia, and death if untreated. The development of medical countermeasures (MCMs) to protect or mitigate radiation injury is a medical necessity. In our well-established murine model of H-ARS we have demonstrated that the prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) analog 16,16 dimethyl-PGE2 (dmPGE2) has survival efficacy as both a radioprotectant and radiomitigator. The purpose of this study was to investigate the pharmacokinetics (PK) and biodistribution of dmPGE2 when used as a radioprotector in irradiated and non-irradiated inbred C57BL/6J mice, PK in irradiated and non-irradiated Jackson Diversity Outbred (JDO) mice, and the PK profile of dmPGE2 in non-irradiated non-human primates (NHPs). The C57BL/6J and JDO mice each received a single subcutaneous (SC) dose of 35 ug of dmPGE2 and were randomized to either receive radiation 30 min later or remain non-irradiated. Plasma and tissue PK profiles were established. The NHP were dosed with 0.1 mg/kg by SC administration and the PK profile in plasma was established. The concentration time profiles were analyzed by standard non-compartmental analysis and the metrics of AUC0-Inf, AUC60-480 (AUC from 60-480 min), Cmax, and t1/2 were evaluated. AUC60-480 represents the postirradiation time frame and was used to assess radiation effect. Overall, AUC0-Inf, Cmax, and t1/2 were numerically similar between strains (C57BL/6J and JDO) when combined, regardless of exposure status (AUC0-Inf: 112.50 ng·h/ml and 114.48 ng·h/ml, Cmax: 44.53 ng/ml and 63.96 ng/ml; t1/2: 1.8 h and 1.1 h, respectively). PK metrics were numerically lower in irradiated C57BL/6J mice than in non-irradiated mice [irradiation ratio: irradiated values/non-irradiated values = 0.71 for AUC60-480 (i.e., 29% lower), and 0.6 for t1/2]. In JDO mice, the radiation ratio was 0.53 for AUC60-480 (i.e., 47% lower), and 1.7 h for t1/2. The AUC0-Inf, Cmax, and t1/2 of the NHPs were 29.20 ng·h/ml, 7.68 ng/ml, and 3.26 h, respectively. Despite the numerical differences seen between irradiated and non-irradiated groups in PK parameters, the effect of radiation on PK can be considered minimal based on current data. The biodistribution in C57BL/6J mice showed that dmPGE2 per gram of tissue was highest in the lungs, regardless of exposure status. The radiation ratio for the different tissue AUC60-480 in C57BL/6J mice ranged between 0.5-1.1 (50% lower to 10% higher). Spleen, liver and bone marrow showed close to twice lower exposures after irradiation, whereas heart had a 10% higher exposure. Based on the clearance values from mice and NHP, the estimated allometric scaling coefficient was 0.81 (95% CI: 0.75, 0.86). While slightly higher than the current literature estimates of 0.75, this scaling coefficient can be considered a reasonable estimate and can be used to scale dmPGE2 dosing from animals to humans for future trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brooke Langevin
- Center for Translational Medicine, University of Maryland School of Pharmacy, Baltimore, Maryland 21201
| | - Pratibha Singh
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology/Oncology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana 46202
| | - P. Artur Plett
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology/Oncology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana 46202
| | - Carol H. Sampson
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology/Oncology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana 46202
| | - Andi Masters
- Clinical Pharmacology Analytical Core, Indiana University School of Medicine, IU Simon Comprehensive Cancer Center, Indianapolis, Indiana 46202
| | - Allison Gibbs
- Division of Translational Radiation Sciences, Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21201
| | - Eduardo De Faria
- Division of Translational Radiation Sciences, Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21201
| | - Sarah Triesler
- Division of Translational Radiation Sciences, Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21201
| | - Andrew Zodda
- Division of Translational Radiation Sciences, Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21201
| | - Isabel L. Jackson
- Division of Translational Radiation Sciences, Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21201
| | - Christie M. Orschell
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology/Oncology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana 46202
| | - Mathangi Gopalakrishnan
- Center for Translational Medicine, University of Maryland School of Pharmacy, Baltimore, Maryland 21201
| | - Louis M. Pelus
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology/Oncology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana 46202
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana 46202
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7
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Khodamoradi E, Rahmani N, Rashidi K, Najafi M, Shahsavari S, Mohammadi M. Exploring the Potential of Metformin in Mitigating Radiation-induced Gastrointestinal and Hematopoietic System Injury in Rats After Whole-body X-ray Radiation: An Experimental Study. Curr Radiopharm 2024; 17:200-208. [PMID: 38231059 DOI: 10.2174/0118744710261673231115062547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2023] [Revised: 09/09/2023] [Accepted: 10/02/2023] [Indexed: 01/18/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The modern world faces a growing concern about the possibility of accidental radiation events. The Hematopoietic system is particularly vulnerable to radiationinduced apoptosis, which can lead to death. Metformin, a drug used to treat diabetes, has been shown to protect normal cells and tissues from the toxic effects of radiation. This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of metformin in mitigating radiation injury to the gastrointestinal and hematological systems of rats. MATERIALS AND METHODS The study involved 73 male rats. After total body irradiation with 7.5 Gy of X-rays, rats were treated with metformin. Seven days later, the rats were sacrificed and blood samples were taken for evaluation. RESULTS The study found that metformin was not effective in mitigating radiation injury. The histopathological assessment showed no significant changes in goblet cell injury, villi shortening, inflammation, or mucous layer thickness. In terms of biochemical evaluation, metformin did not significantly affect oxidative stress markers, but irradiation increased the mean MDA level in the radiation group. The complete blood count revealed a significant decrease in WBC and platelet, counts in the radiation group compared to the control group, but no significant difference was found between the radiation and radiation + metformin groups. CONCLUSION In conclusion, metformin may not be a good option for reducing radiation toxicity after accidental exposure. Despite treatment, there was no improvement in platelet, white blood cell, and lymphocyte counts, nor was there any decrease in oxidative stress. Further research is needed to explore other potential treatments for radiation injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ehsan Khodamoradi
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, School of Paramedical Sciences, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Nafiseh Rahmani
- Student Research Committee, School of Paramedical Sciences, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Khodabakhsh Rashidi
- Research Center of Oils and Fats, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Masoud Najafi
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, School of Paramedical Sciences, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Soodeh Shahsavari
- Department of Health Information Technology, Faculty of Allied Sciences, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Mohammad Mohammadi
- Student Research Committee, School of Paramedical Sciences, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
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Yi Y, Lu W, Shen L, Wu Y, Zhang Z. The gut microbiota as a booster for radiotherapy: novel insights into radio-protection and radiation injury. Exp Hematol Oncol 2023; 12:48. [PMID: 37218007 DOI: 10.1186/s40164-023-00410-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2023] [Accepted: 05/04/2023] [Indexed: 05/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Approximately 60-80% of cancer patients treated with abdominopelvic radiotherapy suffer post-radiotherapy toxicities including radiation enteropathy and myelosuppression. Effective preventive and therapeutic strategies are lacking for such radiation injury. The gut microbiota holds high investigational value for deepening our understanding of the pathogenesis of radiation injury, especially radiation enteropathy which resembles inflammatory bowel disease pathophysiology and for facilitating personalized medicine by providing safer therapies tailored for cancer patients. Preclinical and clinical data consistently support that gut microbiota components including lactate-producers, SCFA-producers, indole compound-producers and Akkermansia impose intestinal and hematopoietic radio-protection. These features serve as potential predictive biomarkers for radiation injury, together with the microbial diversity which robustly predicts milder post-radiotherapy toxicities in multiple types of cancer. The accordingly developed manipulation strategies including selective microbiota transplantation, probiotics, purified functional metabolites and ligands to microbe-host interactive pathways are promising radio-protectors and radio-mitigators that merit extensive validation in clinical trials. With massive mechanistic investigations and pilot clinical trials reinforcing its translational value the gut microbiota may boost the prediction, prevention and mitigation of radiation injury. In this review, we summarize the state-of-the-art landmark researches related with radio-protection to provide illuminating insights for oncologists, gastroenterologists and laboratory scientists interested in this overlooked complexed disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuxi Yi
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Clinical Research Center for Radiation Oncology, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Radiation Oncology, Shanghai, China
| | - Weiqing Lu
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Clinical Research Center for Radiation Oncology, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Radiation Oncology, Shanghai, China
| | - Lijun Shen
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China.
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
- Shanghai Clinical Research Center for Radiation Oncology, Shanghai, China.
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Radiation Oncology, Shanghai, China.
| | - Yang Wu
- Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Virology (MOE/NHC/CAMS), Shanghai Frontiers Science Center of Pathogenic Microorganisms and Infection, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
| | - Zhen Zhang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China.
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
- Shanghai Clinical Research Center for Radiation Oncology, Shanghai, China.
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Radiation Oncology, Shanghai, China.
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9
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Wu T, Pelus LM, Plett PA, Sampson CH, Chua HL, Fisher A, Feng H, Liu L, Li H, Ortiz M, Chittajallu S, Luo Q, Bhatwadekar AD, Meyer TB, Zhang X, Zhou D, Fischer KD, McKinzie DL, Miller SJ, Orschell CM. Further Characterization of Multi-Organ DEARE and Protection by 16,16 Dimethyl Prostaglandin E2 in a Mouse Model of the Hematopoietic Acute Radiation Syndrome. Radiat Res 2023; 199:468-489. [PMID: 37014943 PMCID: PMC10278147 DOI: 10.1667/rade-22-00208.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2022] [Accepted: 03/15/2023] [Indexed: 04/06/2023]
Abstract
Survivors of acute radiation exposure suffer from the delayed effects of acute radiation exposure (DEARE), a chronic condition affecting multiple organs, including lung, kidney, heart, gastrointestinal tract, eyes, and brain, and often causing cancer. While effective medical countermeasures (MCM) for the hematopoietic-acute radiation syndrome (H-ARS) have been identified and approved by the FDA, development of MCM for DEARE has not yet been successful. We previously documented residual bone marrow damage (RBMD) and progressive renal and cardiovascular DEARE in murine survivors of H-ARS, and significant survival efficacy of 16,16-dimethyl prostaglandin E2 (dmPGE2) given as a radioprotectant or radiomitigator for H-ARS. We now describe additional DEARE (physiological and neural function, progressive fur graying, ocular inflammation, and malignancy) developing after sub-threshold doses in our H-ARS model, and detailed analysis of the effects of dmPGE2 administered before (PGE-pre) or after (PGE-post) lethal total-body irradiation (TBI) on these DEARE. Administration of PGE-pre normalized the twofold reduction of white blood cells (WBC) and lymphocytes seen in vehicle-treated survivors (Veh), and increased the number of bone marrow (BM) cells, splenocytes, thymocytes, and phenotypically defined hematopoietic progenitor cells (HPC) and hematopoietic stem cells (HSC) to levels equivalent to those in non-irradiated age-matched controls. PGE-pre significantly protected HPC colony formation ex vivo by >twofold, long term-HSC in vivo engraftment potential up to ninefold, and significantly blunted TBI-induced myeloid skewing. Secondary transplantation documented continued production of LT-HSC with normal lineage differentiation. PGE-pre reduced development of DEARE cardiovascular pathologies and renal damage; prevented coronary artery rarefication, blunted progressive loss of coronary artery endothelia, reduced inflammation and coronary early senescence, and blunted radiation-induced increase in blood urea nitrogen (BUN). Ocular monocytes were significantly lower in PGE-pre mice, as was TBI-induced fur graying. Increased body weight and decreased frailty in male mice, and reduced incidence of thymic lymphoma were documented in PGE-pre mice. In assays measuring behavioral and cognitive functions, PGE-pre reduced anxiety in females, significantly blunted shock flinch response, and increased exploratory behavior in males. No effect of TBI was observed on memory in any group. PGE-post, despite significantly increasing 30-day survival in H-ARS and WBC and hematopoietic recovery, was not effective in reducing TBI-induced RBMD or any other DEARE. In summary, dmPGE2 administered as an H-ARS MCM before lethal TBI significantly increased 30-day survival and ameliorated RBMD and multi-organ and cognitive/behavioral DEARE to at least 12 months after TBI, whereas given after TBI, dmPGE2 enhances survival from H-ARS but has little impact on RBMD or other DEARE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tong Wu
- Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana 46202
| | - Louis M. Pelus
- Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana 46202
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana 46202
| | - P. Artur Plett
- Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana 46202
| | - Carol H. Sampson
- Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana 46202
| | - Hui Lin Chua
- Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana 46202
| | - Alexa Fisher
- Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana 46202
| | - Hailin Feng
- Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana 46202
| | - Liqiong Liu
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana 46202
| | - Hongge Li
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana 46202
| | - Miguel Ortiz
- Department of Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana 46202
| | - Supriya Chittajallu
- Department of Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana 46202
| | - Qianyi Luo
- Department of Ophthalmology, and Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana 46202
| | - Ashay D. Bhatwadekar
- Department of Ophthalmology, and Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana 46202
| | - Timothy B. Meyer
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana 46202
| | - Xin Zhang
- Department of Pharmacodynamics, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611
| | - Daohong Zhou
- Department of Pharmacodynamics, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611
| | - Kathryn D. Fischer
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana 46202
| | - David L. McKinzie
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana 46202
| | - Steven J. Miller
- Department of Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana 46202
| | - Christie M. Orschell
- Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana 46202
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10
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Wu T, Orschell CM. The delayed effects of acute radiation exposure (DEARE): characteristics, mechanisms, animal models, and promising medical countermeasures. Int J Radiat Biol 2023; 99:1066-1079. [PMID: 36862990 PMCID: PMC10330482 DOI: 10.1080/09553002.2023.2187479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2022] [Revised: 01/25/2023] [Accepted: 02/20/2023] [Indexed: 03/04/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Terrorist use of nuclear weapons and radiation accidents put the human population at risk for exposure to life-threatening levels of radiation. Victims of lethal radiation exposure face potentially lethal acute injury, while survivors of the acute phase are plagued with chronic debilitating multi-organ injuries for years after exposure. Developing effective medical countermeasures (MCM) for the treatment of radiation exposure is an urgent need that relies heavily on studies conducted in reliable and well-characterized animal models according to the FDA Animal Rule. Although relevant animal models have been developed in several species and four MCM for treatment of the acute radiation syndrome are now FDA-approved, animal models for the delayed effects of acute radiation exposure (DEARE) have only recently been developed, and there are no licensed MCM for DEARE. Herein, we provide a review of the DEARE including key characteristics of the DEARE gleaned from human data as well as animal, mechanisms common to multi-organ DEARE, small and large animal models used to study the DEARE, and promising new or repurposed MCM under development for alleviation of the DEARE. CONCLUSIONS Intensification of research efforts and support focused on better understanding of mechanisms and natural history of DEARE are urgently needed. Such knowledge provides the necessary first steps toward the design and development of MCM that effectively alleviate the life-debilitating consequences of the DEARE for the benefit of humankind worldwide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tong Wu
- Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Christie M Orschell
- Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
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11
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Protection of the hematopoietic system against radiation-induced damage: drugs, mechanisms, and developments. Arch Pharm Res 2022; 45:558-571. [PMID: 35951164 DOI: 10.1007/s12272-022-01400-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2022] [Accepted: 08/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Sometimes, people can be exposed to moderate or high doses of radiation accidentally or through the environment. Radiation can cause great harm to several systems within organisms, especially the hematopoietic system. Several types of drugs protect the hematopoietic system against radiation damage in different ways. They can be classified as "synthetic drugs" and "natural compounds." Their cellular mechanisms to protect organisms from radiation damage include free radical-scavenging, anti-oxidation, reducing genotoxicity and apoptosis, and alleviating suppression of the bone marrow. These topics have been reviewed to provide new ideas for the development and research of drugs alleviating radiation-induced damage to the hematopoietic system.
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12
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Pejchal J, Tichy A, Kmochova A, Fikejzlova L, Kubelkova K, Milanova M, Lierova A, Filipova A, Muckova L, Cizkova J. Mitigation of Ionizing Radiation-Induced Gastrointestinal Damage by Insulin-Like Growth Factor-1 in Mice. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:663855. [PMID: 35847048 PMCID: PMC9277384 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.663855] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2021] [Accepted: 06/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose: Insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) stimulates epithelial regeneration but may also induce life-threatening hypoglycemia. In our study, we first assessed its safety. Subsequently, we examined the effect of IGF-1 administered in different dose regimens on gastrointestinal damage induced by high doses of gamma radiation. Material and methods: First, fasting C57BL/6 mice were injected subcutaneously with IGF-1 at a single dose of 0, 0.2, 1, and 2 mg/kg to determine the maximum tolerated dose (MTD). The glycemic effect of MTD (1 mg/kg) was additionally tested in non-fasting animals. Subsequently, a survival experiment was performed. Animals were irradiated (60Co; 14, 14.5, or 15 Gy; shielded head), and IGF-1 was administered subcutaneously at 1 mg/kg 1, 24, and 48 h after irradiation. Simultaneously, mice were irradiated (60Co; 12, 14, or 15 Gy; shielded head), and IGF-1 was administered subcutaneously under the same regimen. Jejunum and lung damage were assessed 84 h after irradiation. Finally, we evaluated the effect of six different IGF-1 dosage regimens administered subcutaneously on gastrointestinal damage and peripheral blood changes in mice 6 days after irradiation (60Co; 12 and 14 Gy; shielded head). The regimens differed in the number of doses (one to five doses) and the onset of administration (starting at 1 [five regimens] or 24 h [one regimen] after irradiation). Results: MTD was established at 1 mg/kg. MTD mitigated lethality induced by 14 Gy and reduced jejunum and lung damage caused by 12 and 14 Gy. However, different dosing regimens showed different efficacy, with three and four doses (administered 1, 24, and 48 h and 1, 24, 48, and 72 h after irradiation, respectively) being the most effective. The three-dose regimens supported intestinal regeneration even if the administration started at 24 h after irradiation, but its potency decreased. Conclusion: IGF-1 seems promising in the mitigation of high-dose irradiation damage. However, the selected dosage regimen affects its efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaroslav Pejchal
- Department of Toxicology and Military Pharmacy, Faculty of Military Health Sciences, University of Defence, Brno, Czechia
| | - Ales Tichy
- Department of Radiobiology, Faculty of Military Health Sciences, University of Defence, Brno, Czechia
| | - Adela Kmochova
- Department of Radiobiology, Faculty of Military Health Sciences, University of Defence, Brno, Czechia
| | - Lenka Fikejzlova
- Department of Toxicology and Military Pharmacy, Faculty of Military Health Sciences, University of Defence, Brno, Czechia
| | - Klara Kubelkova
- Department of Molecular Pathology and Biology, Faculty of Military Health Sciences, University of Defence, Brno, Czechia
| | - Marcela Milanova
- Department of Radiobiology, Faculty of Military Health Sciences, University of Defence, Brno, Czechia
| | - Anna Lierova
- Department of Radiobiology, Faculty of Military Health Sciences, University of Defence, Brno, Czechia
| | - Alzbeta Filipova
- Department of Radiobiology, Faculty of Military Health Sciences, University of Defence, Brno, Czechia
| | - Lubica Muckova
- Department of Radiobiology, Faculty of Military Health Sciences, University of Defence, Brno, Czechia
| | - Jana Cizkova
- Department of Radiobiology, Faculty of Military Health Sciences, University of Defence, Brno, Czechia
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13
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Liu L, Li H, Patterson AM, Plett PA, Sampson CH, Mohammad KS, Capitano ML, Singh P, Yao C, Orschell CM, Pelus LM. Upregulation of SIRT1 Contributes to dmPGE2-dependent Radioprotection of Hematopoietic Stem Cells. Stem Cell Rev Rep 2022; 18:1478-1494. [PMID: 35318613 DOI: 10.1007/s12015-022-10368-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Exposure to potentially lethal high-dose ionizing radiation results in bone marrow suppression, known as the hematopoietic acute radiation syndrome (H-ARS), which can lead to pancytopenia and possible death from hemorrhage or infection. Medical countermeasures to protect from or mitigate the effects of radiation exposure are an ongoing medical need. We recently reported that 16,16 dimethyl prostaglandin E2 (dmPGE2) given prior to lethal irradiation protects hematopoietic stem (HSCs) and progenitor (HPCs) cells and accelerates hematopoietic recovery by attenuating mitochondrial compromise, DNA damage, apoptosis, and senescence. However, molecular mechanisms responsible for the radioprotective effects of dmPGE2 on HSCs are not well understood. In this report, we identify a crucial role for the NAD+-dependent histone deacetylase Sirtuin 1 (Sirt1) downstream of PKA and CREB in dmPGE2-dependent radioprotection of hematopoietic cells. We found that dmPGE2 increases Sirt1 expression and activity in hematopoietic cells including HSCs and pharmacologic and genetic suppression of Sirt1 attenuates the radioprotective effects of dmPGE2 on HSC and HPC function and its ability to reduce DNA damage, apoptosis, and senescence and stimulate autophagy in HSCs. DmPGE2-mediated enhancement of Sirt1 activity in irradiated mice is accompanied by epigenetic downregulation of p53 activation and inhibition of H3K9 and H4K16 acetylation at the promoters of the genes involved in DNA repair, apoptosis, and autophagy, including p53, Ku70, Ku80, LC3b, ATG7, and NF-κB. These studies expand our understanding of intracellular events that are induced by IR but prevented/attenuated by dmPGE2 and suggest that modulation of Sirt1 activity may facilitate hematopoietic recovery following hematopoietic stress. Graphical Abstract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liqiong Liu
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Indiana University School of Medicine, 950 West Walnut Street, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA
| | - Hongge Li
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Indiana University School of Medicine, 950 West Walnut Street, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA
| | - Andrea M Patterson
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Indiana University School of Medicine, 950 West Walnut Street, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA.,Department of Medicine/Hematology Oncology, Indiana University School of Medicine, 980 West Walnut Street, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA
| | - P Artur Plett
- Department of Medicine/Hematology Oncology, Indiana University School of Medicine, 980 West Walnut Street, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA
| | - Carol H Sampson
- Department of Medicine/Hematology Oncology, Indiana University School of Medicine, 980 West Walnut Street, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA
| | - Khalid S Mohammad
- Department of Medicine/Endocrinology, Indiana University School of Medicine, 980 West Walnut Street, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA
| | - Maegan L Capitano
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Indiana University School of Medicine, 950 West Walnut Street, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA
| | - Pratibha Singh
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Indiana University School of Medicine, 950 West Walnut Street, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA.,Department of Medicine/Hematology Oncology, Indiana University School of Medicine, 980 West Walnut Street, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA
| | - Chonghua Yao
- Shanghai Municipal Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, NO.274, middle Zhijiang Road, Shanghai, China
| | - Christie M Orschell
- Department of Medicine/Hematology Oncology, Indiana University School of Medicine, 980 West Walnut Street, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA.
| | - Louis M Pelus
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Indiana University School of Medicine, 950 West Walnut Street, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA. .,Department of Medicine/Hematology Oncology, Indiana University School of Medicine, 980 West Walnut Street, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA.
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14
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Ropa J, Cooper S, Broxmeyer HE. Leukemia Inhibitory Factor Promotes Survival of Hematopoietic Progenitors Ex Vivo and Is Post-Translationally Regulated by DPP4. Stem Cells 2022; 40:346-357. [PMID: 35293568 PMCID: PMC9199847 DOI: 10.1093/stmcls/sxac004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2021] [Accepted: 01/06/2022] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
Hematopoietic cells are regulated in part by extracellular cues from cytokines. Leukemia inhibitory factor (LIF) promotes survival, self-renewal, and pluripotency of mouse embryonic stem cells (mESC). While genetic deletion of LIF affects hematopoietic progenitor cells (HPCs), the direct effect of LIF protein exposure on HPC survival is not known. Furthermore, post-translational modifications (PTM) of LIF and their effects on its function have not been evaluated. We demonstrate that treatment with recombinant LIF preserves mouse and human HPC numbers in stressed conditions when growth factor addition is delayed ex vivo. We show that Lif is upregulated in response to irradiation-induced stress. We reveal novel PTM of LIF where it is cleaved twice by dipeptidyl peptidase 4 (DPP4) protease so that it loses its 4 N-terminal amino acids. This truncation of LIF down-modulates LIF's ability to preserve functional HPC numbers ex vivo following delayed growth factor addition. DPP4-truncated LIF blocks the ability of full-length LIF to preserve functional HPC numbers. This LIF role and its novel regulation by DPP4 have important implications for normal and stress hematopoiesis, as well as for other cellular contexts in which LIF and DPP4 are implicated.
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Affiliation(s)
- James Ropa
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA,Corresponding author: James Ropa, PhD, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Indiana University School of Medicine, 950 West Walnut Street, Bldg. R2, Room 302, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA. Tel: 317-274-7553;
| | - Scott Cooper
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
| | - Hal E Broxmeyer
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
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15
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Fast EM, Sporrij A, Manning M, Rocha EL, Yang S, Zhou Y, Guo J, Baryawno N, Barkas N, Scadden D, Camargo F, Zon LI. External signals regulate continuous transcriptional states in hematopoietic stem cells. eLife 2021; 10:e66512. [PMID: 34939923 PMCID: PMC8700284 DOI: 10.7554/elife.66512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2021] [Accepted: 11/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) must ensure adequate blood cell production following distinct external stressors. A comprehensive understanding of in vivo heterogeneity and specificity of HSC responses to external stimuli is currently lacking. We performed single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-Seq) on functionally validated mouse HSCs and LSK (Lin-, c-Kit+, Sca1+) progenitors after in vivo pharmacological perturbation of niche signals interferon, granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF), and prostaglandin. We identified six HSC states that are characterized by enrichment but not exclusive expression of marker genes. External signals induced rapid transitions between HSC states but transcriptional response varied both between external stimulants and within the HSC population for a given perturbation. In contrast to LSK progenitors, HSCs were characterized by a greater link between molecular signatures at baseline and in response to external stressors. Chromatin analysis of unperturbed HSCs and LSKs by scATAC-Seq suggested some HSC-specific, cell intrinsic predispositions to niche signals. We compiled a comprehensive resource of HSC- and LSK progenitor-specific chromatin and transcriptional features that represent determinants of signal receptiveness and regenerative potential during stress hematopoiesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eva M Fast
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology, Harvard UniversityCambridgeUnited States
| | - Audrey Sporrij
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology, Harvard UniversityCambridgeUnited States
| | - Margot Manning
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology, Harvard UniversityCambridgeUnited States
| | - Edroaldo Lummertz Rocha
- Laboratório de Imunobiologia, Departmento de Microbiologia, Imunologia e Parasitologia, Universidade Federal de Santa CatarinaFlorianópolisBrazil
| | - Song Yang
- Stem Cell Program and Division of Hematology/Oncology, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Boston's Children's Hospital and Dana Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical SchoolBostonUnited States
| | - Yi Zhou
- Stem Cell Program and Division of Hematology/Oncology, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Boston's Children's Hospital and Dana Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical SchoolBostonUnited States
| | - Jimin Guo
- Medical Devices Research Centre, National Research Council CanadaBouchervilleCanada
| | - Ninib Baryawno
- Childhood Cancer Research Unit, Department of Children's and Women's Health, Karolinska InstitutetStockholmSweden
| | | | | | | | - Leonard I Zon
- Stem Cell Program and Hematology/Oncology, Boston Children's HospitalBostonUnited States
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16
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Tung LT, Wang H, Belle JI, Petrov JC, Langlais D, Nijnik A. p53-dependent induction of P2X7 on hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells regulates hematopoietic response to genotoxic stress. Cell Death Dis 2021; 12:923. [PMID: 34625535 PMCID: PMC8501024 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-021-04202-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2021] [Revised: 08/27/2021] [Accepted: 09/16/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Stem and progenitor cells are the main mediators of tissue renewal and repair, both under homeostatic conditions and in response to physiological stress and injury. Hematopoietic system is responsible for the regeneration of blood and immune cells and is maintained by bone marrow-resident hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells (HSPCs). Hematopoietic system is particularly susceptible to injury in response to genotoxic stress, resulting in the risk of bone marrow failure and secondary malignancies in cancer patients undergoing radiotherapy. Here we analyze the in vivo transcriptional response of HSPCs to genotoxic stress in a mouse whole-body irradiation model and, together with p53 ChIP-Seq and studies in p53-knockout (p53KO) mice, characterize the p53-dependent and p53-independent branches of this transcriptional response. Our work demonstrates the p53-independent induction of inflammatory transcriptional signatures in HSPCs in response to genotoxic stress and identifies multiple novel p53-target genes induced in HSPCs in response to whole-body irradiation. In particular, we establish the direct p53-mediated induction of P2X7 expression on HSCs and HSPCs in response to genotoxic stress. We further demonstrate the role of P2X7 in hematopoietic response to acute genotoxic stress, with P2X7 deficiency significantly extending mouse survival in irradiation-induced hematopoietic failure. We also demonstrate the role of P2X7 in the context of long-term HSC regenerative fitness following sublethal irradiation. Overall our studies provide important insights into the mechanisms of HSC response to genotoxic stress and further suggest P2X7 as a target for pharmacological modulation of HSC fitness and hematopoietic response to genotoxic injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Tze Tung
- Department of Physiology, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
- McGill University Research Centre on Complex Traits, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - HanChen Wang
- Department of Physiology, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
- McGill University Research Centre on Complex Traits, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
- Department of Human Genetics, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Jad I Belle
- Department of Physiology, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
- McGill University Research Centre on Complex Traits, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Jessica C Petrov
- Department of Physiology, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
- McGill University Research Centre on Complex Traits, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - David Langlais
- McGill University Research Centre on Complex Traits, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
- Department of Human Genetics, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
- McGill University Genome Centre, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Anastasia Nijnik
- Department of Physiology, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada.
- McGill University Research Centre on Complex Traits, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada.
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17
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Cheng H, Huang H, Guo Z, Chang Y, Li Z. Role of prostaglandin E2 in tissue repair and regeneration. Am J Cancer Res 2021; 11:8836-8854. [PMID: 34522214 PMCID: PMC8419039 DOI: 10.7150/thno.63396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 105] [Impact Index Per Article: 35.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2021] [Accepted: 08/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Tissue regeneration following injury from disease or medical treatment still represents a challenge in regeneration medicine. Prostaglandin E2 (PGE2), which involves diverse physiological processes via E-type prostanoid (EP) receptor family, favors the regeneration of various organ systems following injury for its capabilities such as activation of endogenous stem cells, immune regulation, and angiogenesis. Understanding how PGE2 modulates tissue regeneration and then exploring how to elevate the regenerative efficiency of PGE2 will provide key insights into the tissue repair and regeneration processes by PGE2. In this review, we summarized the application of PGE2 to guide the regeneration of different tissues, including skin, heart, liver, kidney, intestine, bone, skeletal muscle, and hematopoietic stem cell regeneration. Moreover, we introduced PGE2-based therapeutic strategies to accelerate the recovery of impaired tissue or organs, including 15-hydroxyprostaglandin dehydrogenase (15-PGDH) inhibitors boosting endogenous PGE2 levels and biomaterial scaffolds to control PGE2 release.
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18
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Patterson AM, Zhang S, Liu L, Li H, Singh P, Liu Y, Farag SS, Pelus LM. Meloxicam with Filgrastim may Reduce Oxidative Stress in Hematopoietic Progenitor Cells during Mobilization of Autologous Peripheral Blood Stem Cells in Patients with Multiple Myeloma. Stem Cell Rev Rep 2021; 17:2124-2138. [PMID: 34510361 DOI: 10.1007/s12015-021-10259-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Autologous stem cell transplantation (ASCT) is a potentially curative therapy but requires collection of sufficient blood stem cells (PBSC). Up to 40 % of patients with multiple myeloma (MM) fail to collect an optimum number of PBSC using filgrastim only and often require costly plerixafor rescue. The nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug meloxicam mobilizes PBSC in mice, nonhuman primates and normal volunteers, and has the potential to attenuate mobilization-induced oxidative stress on stem cells. In a single-center study, we evaluated whether a meloxicam regimen prior to filgrastim increases collection and/or homeostasis of CD34+ cells in MM patients undergoing ASCT. Mobilization was not significantly different with meloxicam in this study; a median of 2.4 × 106 CD34+ cells/kg were collected in the first apheresis and 9.2 × 106 CD34+ cells/kg were collected overall for patients mobilized with meloxicam-filgrastim, versus 4.1 × 106 in first apheresis and 7.2 × 106/kg overall for patients mobilized with filgrastim alone. CXCR4 expression was reduced on CD34+ cells and a higher CD4+/CD8+ T-cell ratio was observed after mobilization with meloxicam-filgrastim. All patients treated with meloxicam-filgrastim underwent ASCT, with neutrophil and platelet engraftment similar to filgrastim alone. RNA sequencing of purified CD34+ cells from 22 MM patients mobilized with meloxicam-filgrastim and 10 patients mobilized with filgrastim only identified > 4,800 differentially expressed genes (FDR < 0.05). Enrichment analysis indicated significant attenuation of oxidative phosphorylation and translational activity, possibly mediated by SIRT1, suggesting meloxicam may counteract oxidative stress during PBSC collection. Our results indicate that meloxicam was a safe, low-cost supplement to filgrastim mobilization, which appeared to mitigate HSPC oxidative stress, and may represent a simple means to lessen stem cell exhaustion and enhance graft quality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea M Patterson
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology/Oncology, Indiana University School of Medicine, 980 West Walnut St, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA.,Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Indiana University School of Medicine, 950 West Walnut St, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA
| | - Shuhong Zhang
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology/Oncology, Indiana University School of Medicine, 980 West Walnut St, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA
| | - Liqiong Liu
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Indiana University School of Medicine, 950 West Walnut St, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA
| | - Hongge Li
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Indiana University School of Medicine, 950 West Walnut St, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA
| | - Pratibha Singh
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology/Oncology, Indiana University School of Medicine, 980 West Walnut St, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA.,Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Indiana University School of Medicine, 950 West Walnut St, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA
| | - Yunlong Liu
- Center for Computational Biology and Bioinformatics, Indiana University School of Medicine, 46202, Indianapolis, IN, USA.,Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA
| | - Sherif S Farag
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology/Oncology, Indiana University School of Medicine, 980 West Walnut St, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA.
| | - Louis M Pelus
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology/Oncology, Indiana University School of Medicine, 980 West Walnut St, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA. .,Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Indiana University School of Medicine, 950 West Walnut St, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA.
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Singh P, Pelus LM. Prostaglandin E 2 Regulates Bipotent Monocyte-Dendritic Progenitor Cell Lineage-Commitment. Stem Cell Rev Rep 2021; 17:2338-2346. [PMID: 34159458 DOI: 10.1007/s12015-021-10202-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/07/2021] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
The factors/mechanisms regulating multipotent or bipotent hematopoietic progenitor cells lineage-commitment are not well understood. In this study, we found that prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) is a crucial physiological regulator of lineage choice for the bipotential monocyte-dendritic progenitor cell (MDP). Inhibition of endogenous PGE2 biosynthesis in mice by the dual cyclooxygenase inhibitor, indomethacin, enhances bone marrow and spleen monocyte (MO) differentiation and reduces dendritic cell (DC) differentiation. Ex vivo treatment of purified MDP with indomethacin preferentially increases MO development at the expense of DC generation, whereas addition of exogenous PGE2 reverses the indomethacin-mediated alteration in MDP differentiation potential. Treatment of MDP with selective EP receptor agonists demonstrated that EP1 signaling promotes MDP differentiation into DC at the expense of MO generation. Conversely, EP1 receptor knockout mice showed reduced DC and increased MO differentiation. Mechanistic studies revealed that PGE2 increases expression of the tyrosine kinase receptor Flt3 on MDP and increases the DC-lineage-related transcription factor PU.1, while reducing expression of M-CSFR and the MO-lineage-related transcription factor MafB. These data indicate that PGE2-EP1 signaling plays a critical role in MDP lineage commitment and DC and MO differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pratibha Singh
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA. .,Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, 980 West Walnut Street, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA.
| | - Louis M Pelus
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA.,Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, 980 West Walnut Street, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA
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20
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Prostaglandin E 2 Enhances Aged Hematopoietic Stem Cell Function. Stem Cell Rev Rep 2021; 17:1840-1854. [PMID: 33974233 DOI: 10.1007/s12015-021-10177-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/28/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Aging of hematopoiesis is associated with increased frequency and clonality of hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs), along with functional compromise and myeloid bias, with donor age being a significant variable in survival after HSC transplantation. No clinical methods currently exist to enhance aged HSC function, and little is known regarding how aging affects molecular responses of HSCs to biological stimuli. Exposure of HSCs from young fish, mice, nonhuman primates, and humans to 16,16-dimethyl prostaglandin E2 (dmPGE2) enhances transplantation, but the effect of dmPGE2 on aged HSCs is unknown. Here we show that ex vivo pulse of bone marrow cells from young adult (3 mo) and aged (25 mo) mice with dmPGE2 prior to serial competitive transplantation significantly enhanced long-term repopulation from aged grafts in primary and secondary transplantation (27 % increase in chimerism) to a similar degree as young grafts (21 % increase in chimerism; both p < 0.05). RNA sequencing of phenotypically-isolated HSCs indicated that the molecular responses to dmPGE2 are similar in young and old, including CREB1 activation and increased cell survival and homeostasis. Common genes within these pathways identified likely key mediators of HSC enhancement by dmPGE2 and age-related signaling differences. HSC expression of the PGE2 receptor EP4, implicated in HSC function, increased with age in both mRNA and surface protein. This work suggests that aging does not alter the major dmPGE2 response pathways in HSCs which mediate enhancement of both young and old HSC function, with significant implications for expanding the therapeutic potential of elderly HSC transplantation.
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21
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Patterson AM, Sellamuthu R, Plett PA, Sampson CH, Chua HL, Fisher A, Vemula S, Feng H, Katz BP, Tudor G, Miller SJ, MacVittie TJ, Booth C, Orschell CM. Establishing Pediatric Mouse Models of the Hematopoietic Acute Radiation Syndrome and the Delayed Effects of Acute Radiation Exposure. Radiat Res 2021; 195:307-323. [PMID: 33577641 DOI: 10.1667/rade-20-00259.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2020] [Accepted: 01/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Medical countermeasures (MCMs) for hematopoietic acute radiation syndrome (H-ARS) should be evaluated in well-characterized animal models, with consideration of at-risk populations such as pediatrics. We have developed pediatric mouse models of H-ARS and delayed effects of acute radiation exposure (DEARE) for efficacy testing of MCMs against radiation. Male and female C57BL/6J mice aged 3, 4, 5, 6, 7 and 8 weeks old (±1 day) were characterized for baseline hematopoietic and gastrointestinal parameters, radiation response, efficacy of a known MCM, and DEARE at six and 12 months after total-body irradiation (TBI). Weanlings (age 3 weeks) were the most radiosensitive age group with an estimated LD50/30 of 712 cGy, while mice aged 4 to 8 weeks were more radioresistant with an estimated LD50/30 of 767-787 cGy. Female weanlings were more radiosensitive than males at 3 and 4 weeks old but became significantly more radioresistant after the pubertal age of 5 weeks. The most dramatic increase in body weight, RBC counts and intestinal circumference length occurred from 3 to 5 weeks of age. The established radiomitigator Neulasta® (pegfilgrastim) significantly increased 30-day survival in all age groups, validating these models for MCM efficacy testing. Analyses of DEARE among pediatric survivors revealed depressed weight gain in males six months post-TBI, and increased blood urea nitrogen at 12 months post-TBI which was more severe in females. Hematopoietic DEARE at six months post-TBI appeared to be less severe in survivors from the 3- and 4-week-old groups but was equally severe in all age groups by 12 months of age. Similar to our other acute radiation mouse models, there was no appreciable effect of Neulasta used as an H-ARS MCM on the severity of DEARE. In summary, these data characterize a pediatric mouse model useful for assessing the efficacy of MCMs against ARS and DEARE in children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea M Patterson
- Department of a Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana
| | - Rajendran Sellamuthu
- Department of a Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana
| | - P Artur Plett
- Department of a Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana
| | - Carol H Sampson
- Department of a Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana
| | - Hui Lin Chua
- Department of a Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana
| | - Alexa Fisher
- Department of a Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana
| | - Sasidhar Vemula
- Department of a Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana
| | - Hailin Feng
- Department of a Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana
| | - Barry P Katz
- Department of Biostatistics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana
| | | | - Steven J Miller
- Department of Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana
| | - Thomas J MacVittie
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | | | - Christie M Orschell
- Department of a Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana
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22
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Patterson AM, Wu T, Chua HL, Sampson CH, Fisher A, Singh P, Guise TA, Feng H, Muldoon J, Wright L, Plett PA, Pelus LM, Orschell CM. Optimizing and Profiling Prostaglandin E2 as a Medical Countermeasure for the Hematopoietic Acute Radiation Syndrome. Radiat Res 2021; 195:115-127. [PMID: 33302300 DOI: 10.1667/rade-20-00181.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2020] [Accepted: 11/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Identification of medical countermeasures (MCM) to mitigate radiation damage and/or protect first responders is a compelling unmet medical need. The prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) analog, 16,16 dimethyl-PGE2 (dmPGE2), has shown efficacy as a radioprotectant and radiomitigator that can enhance hematopoiesis and ameliorate intestinal mucosal cell damage. In this study, we optimized the time of administration of dmPGE2 for protection and mitigation against mortality from the hematopoietic acute radiation syndrome (H-ARS) in young adult mice, evaluated its activity in pediatric and geriatric populations, and investigated potential mechanisms of action. Windows of 30-day survival efficacy for single administration of dmPGE2 were defined as within 3 h prior to and 6-30 h after total-body γ irradiation (TBI). Radioprotective and radio-mitigating efficacy was also observed in 2-year-old geriatric mice and 6-week-old pediatric mice. PGE2 receptor agonist studies suggest that signaling through EP4 is primarily responsible for the radioprotective effects. DmPGE2 administration prior to TBI attenuated the drop in red blood cells and platelets, accelerated recovery of all peripheral blood cell types, and resulted in higher hematopoietic and mesenchymal stem cells in survivor bone marrow. Multiplex analysis of bone marrow cytokines together with RNA sequencing of hematopoietic stem cells indicated a pro-hematopoiesis cytokine milieu induced by dmPGE2, with IL-6 and G-CSF strongly implicated in dmPGE2-mediated radioprotective activity. In summary, we have identified windows of administration for significant radio-mitigation and radioprotection by dmPGE2 in H-ARS, demonstrated survival efficacy in special populations, and gained insight into radioprotective mechanisms, information useful towards development of dmPGE2 as a MCM for first responders, military personnel, and civilians facing radiation threats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea M Patterson
- Department of a Medicine, Division of Hematology/Oncology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana 46202
| | - Tong Wu
- Department of a Medicine, Division of Hematology/Oncology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana 46202
| | - Hui Lin Chua
- Department of a Medicine, Division of Hematology/Oncology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana 46202
| | - Carol H Sampson
- Department of a Medicine, Division of Hematology/Oncology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana 46202
| | - Alexa Fisher
- Department of a Medicine, Division of Hematology/Oncology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana 46202
| | - Pratibha Singh
- Department of a Medicine, Division of Hematology/Oncology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana 46202.,Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana 46202
| | - Theresa A Guise
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana 46202
| | - Hailin Feng
- Department of a Medicine, Division of Hematology/Oncology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana 46202
| | - Jessica Muldoon
- Department of a Medicine, Division of Hematology/Oncology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana 46202
| | - Laura Wright
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana 46202
| | - P Artur Plett
- Department of a Medicine, Division of Hematology/Oncology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana 46202
| | - Louis M Pelus
- Department of a Medicine, Division of Hematology/Oncology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana 46202.,Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana 46202
| | - Christie M Orschell
- Department of a Medicine, Division of Hematology/Oncology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana 46202
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23
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Stenson WF, Ciorba MA. Nonmicrobial Activation of TLRs Controls Intestinal Growth, Wound Repair, and Radioprotection. Front Immunol 2021; 11:617510. [PMID: 33552081 PMCID: PMC7859088 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.617510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2020] [Accepted: 12/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
TLRs, key components of the innate immune system, recognize microbial molecules. However, TLRs also recognize some nonmicrobial molecules. In particular, TLR2 and TLR4 recognize hyaluronic acid, a glycosaminoglycan in the extracellular matrix. In neonatal mice endogenous hyaluronic acid binding to TLR4 drives normal intestinal growth. Hyaluronic acid binding to TLR4 in pericryptal macrophages results in cyclooxygenase2- dependent PGE2 production, which transactivates EGFR in LGR5+ crypt epithelial stem cells leading to increased proliferation. The expanded population of LGR5+ stem cells leads to crypt fission and lengthening of the intestine and colon. Blocking this pathway at any point (TLR4 activation, PGE2 production, EGFR transactivation) results in diminished intestinal and colonic growth. A similar pathway leads to epithelial proliferation in wound repair. The repair phase of dextran sodium sulfate colitis is marked by increased epithelial proliferation. In this model, TLR2 and TLR4 in pericryptal macrophages are activated by microbial products or by host hyaluronic acid, resulting in production of CXCL12, a chemokine. CXCL12 induces the migration of cyclooxygenase2-expressing mesenchymal stem cells from the lamina propria of the upper colonic crypts to a site adjacent to LGR5+ epithelial stem cells. PGE2 released by these mesenchymal stem cells transactivates EGFR in LGR5+ epithelial stem cells leading to increased proliferation. Several TLR2 and TLR4 agonists, including hyaluronic acid, are radioprotective in the intestine through the inhibition of radiation-induced apoptosis in LGR5+ epithelial stem cells. Administration of exogenous TLR2 or TLR4 agonists activates TLR2/TLR4 on pericryptal macrophages inducing CXCL12 production with migration of cyclooxygenase2-expressing mesenchymal stem cells from the lamina propria of the villi to a site adjacent to LGR5+ epithelial stem cells. PGE2 produced by these mesenchymal stem cells, blocks radiation-induced apoptosis in LGR5+ epithelial stem cells by an EGFR mediated pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- William F. Stenson
- Division of Gastroenterology, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO, United States
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