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Gui B, Wang Q, Wang J, Li X, Wu Q, Chen H. Cross-species comparison of airway epithelium transcriptomics. Heliyon 2024; 10:e38259. [PMID: 39391497 PMCID: PMC11466595 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e38259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2024] [Revised: 09/19/2024] [Accepted: 09/20/2024] [Indexed: 10/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Studies of lung transcriptomics across species are essential for understanding the complex biology and disease mechanisms of this vital organ. Single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) has emerged as a key tool for understanding cell dynamics across various species. However, comprehensive cross-species comparisons are limited. Therefore, the aims of this study was to investigate the transcriptomic similarities and differences in lung cells across four species-humans, monkeys, mice, and rats-in healthy and asthma conditions using scRNA-seq. The results revealed significant transcriptomic similarities between monkeys and humans and significant cross-species conservation of cell-specific marker genes, transcription factors (TFs), and biological pathways. Additionally, we explored sex differences, identifying distinct sex-specific expression patterns that may influence disease susceptibility. These insights refine our understanding of the mechanism underlying airway cell biology across species and have important implications for studying lung diseases, particularly the mechanisms of mucus clearance in asthma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Biyu Gui
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Haihe Clinical School, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, 300350, China
- Department of Basic Medicine, Haihe Hospital, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300350, China
| | - Qi Wang
- Department of Basic Medicine, Haihe Hospital, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300350, China
- Department of Stomatology, Haihe Hospital, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300350, China
| | - Jianhai Wang
- Department of Basic Medicine, Haihe Hospital, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300350, China
- Tianjin Institute of Respiratory Diseases, 300350, Tianjin, China
| | - Xue Li
- Department of Basic Medicine, Haihe Hospital, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300350, China
- Tianjin Institute of Respiratory Diseases, 300350, Tianjin, China
| | - Qi Wu
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Haihe Clinical School, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, 300350, China
| | - Huaiyong Chen
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Haihe Clinical School, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, 300350, China
- Department of Basic Medicine, Haihe Hospital, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300350, China
- Tianjin Institute of Respiratory Diseases, 300350, Tianjin, China
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Lung Regenerative Medicine, Haihe Hospital, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300350, China
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Forsyth KS, Jiwrajka N, Lovell CD, Toothacre NE, Anguera MC. The conneXion between sex and immune responses. Nat Rev Immunol 2024; 24:487-502. [PMID: 38383754 PMCID: PMC11216897 DOI: 10.1038/s41577-024-00996-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/18/2024] [Indexed: 02/23/2024]
Abstract
There are notable sex-based differences in immune responses to pathogens and self-antigens, with female individuals exhibiting increased susceptibility to various autoimmune diseases, and male individuals displaying preferential susceptibility to some viral, bacterial, parasitic and fungal infections. Although sex hormones clearly contribute to sex differences in immune cell composition and function, the presence of two X chromosomes in female individuals suggests that differential gene expression of numerous X chromosome-linked immune-related genes may also influence sex-biased innate and adaptive immune cell function in health and disease. Here, we review the sex differences in immune system composition and function, examining how hormones and genetics influence the immune system. We focus on the genetic and epigenetic contributions responsible for altered X chromosome-linked gene expression, and how this impacts sex-biased immune responses in the context of pathogen infection and systemic autoimmunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katherine S Forsyth
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Nikhil Jiwrajka
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Division of Rheumatology, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Claudia D Lovell
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Natalie E Toothacre
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Montserrat C Anguera
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
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Xing Y, Si L, Zhang W, Wang Y, Li K, Yang X. Etiologic distribution of dizziness/vertigo in a neurological outpatient clinic according to the criteria of the international classification of vestibular disorders: a single-center study. J Neurol 2024; 271:2446-2457. [PMID: 38231268 PMCID: PMC11055744 DOI: 10.1007/s00415-023-12166-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2023] [Revised: 12/19/2023] [Accepted: 12/20/2023] [Indexed: 01/18/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The study aimed to determine the etiological characteristics of patients with dizziness/vertigo attending a neurological clinic according to the criteria of the International Classification of Vestibular Disorders (ICVD), hoping to provide a valuable reference for clinicians to diagnose and treat dizziness/vertigo. METHOD A total of 638 consecutive patients with a chief complaint of dizziness/vertigo who attended the vertigo clinic of our neurology department from January 2019 to January 2020 were included. Clinical data of patients, including baseline data, medical history, neurological, neuro-otological, and auxiliary examination results were collected. The etiologic distribution of dizziness/vertigo was determined by analyzing the diagnoses of patients. RESULTS Of the 638 patients with dizziness/vertigo, 38.8% were males, 61.2% were females, with a male: female ratio of 1:1.58 and a mean age of 52.9 ± 16.9 years. Benign paroxysmal positional vertigo (BPPV) was the most common cause of dizziness/vertigo in both female (38.9%) and male patients (25.5%). Subgroup analysis based on sex showed that vestibular migraine (VM) and probable autoimmune inner ear disease (p-AIED) were more prevalent in female patients (10.7% and 3.8%, respectively), while vascular vertigo/dizziness was more common in male patients (10.1%). Subgroup analysis based on age showed that the most common diseases were VM in patients aged 0-30 years (27.4%), BPPV in patients aged 31-60 years (27.1%) and 61-100 years (46.0%). Episodic vestibular syndrome (EVS) was the most commonly observed, accounting for up to 60.6% (389/638) of all patients, and the most common diagnoses were BPPV (55.3%, 215/389), VM (15.2%, 59/389), primary unilateral peripheral vestibular dysfunction (p-UPVD) of unknown etiology (11.8%, 46/389), p-AIED (4.4%, 17/389), and vascular vertigo/dizziness (2.8%, 11/389) in these patients. Chronic vestibular syndrome (CVS) was found in 14.0% (90/638) of the patients, and the most common diagnoses were persistent postural-perceptual dizziness (PPPD, 35.6%, 32/90), psychogenic dizziness (18.9%, 17/90), p-UPVD of unknown etiology (15.6%, 14/90), vascular vertigo/dizziness (15.6%, 14/90), and bilateral vestibulopathy (7.8%, 7/90). Acute vestibular syndrome (AVS) was observed in 8.4% (54/638) of the patients, and the most common diagnoses were p-UPVD of unknown etiology (31.5%, 17/54), vestibular neuritis (24.1%, 13/54), probable labyrinthine apoplexy (16.7%, 9/54), stroke (13.0%, 7/54), and psychogenic dizziness (11.1%, 6/54). 16.4% (105/638) of the patients were found to have other disorders, including 15.2% (16/105) of patients with internal diseases, and 84.8% (89/105) of patients with unknown causes. In terms of localization diagnosis, 56.1%, 17.0%, 10.0%, and 16.4% of the patients were diagnosed with peripheral vestibular disorder, central vestibular disorder, psychiatric and functional vestibular disorders, and other disorders, respectively. CONCLUSION (1) Dizziness/vertigo was more common in females, which was frequently caused by damage to the vestibular system. Non-vestibular or unknown etiologies were also seen in some patients; (2) VM was more prevalent in women than in men, vascular vertigo/dizziness was more commonly observed in men; (3) EVS was more common in patients with dizziness/vertigo. The most common causes of dizziness/vertigo were peripheral vestibular disorders in patients with AVS and EVS, PPPD and psychogenic dizziness in patients with CVS. The most common causes were BPPV and p-UPVD of unknown etiology in patients with a peripheral vestibular disorder, VM and vascular vertigo/dizziness in patients with central vestibular disorder, PPPD and psychogenic dizziness in patients with psychiatric and functional vestibular disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Xing
- Department of Neurology, School of Clinical Medicine (Aerospace Center Hospital), Peking University Aerospace, No. 15, Yuquan Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Lihong Si
- Department of Neurology, School of Clinical Medicine (Aerospace Center Hospital), Peking University Aerospace, No. 15, Yuquan Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Wanting Zhang
- Department of Neurology, School of Clinical Medicine (Aerospace Center Hospital), Peking University Aerospace, No. 15, Yuquan Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Yuru Wang
- Department of Neurology, School of Clinical Medicine (Aerospace Center Hospital), Peking University Aerospace, No. 15, Yuquan Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Kangzhi Li
- Department of Neurology, School of Clinical Medicine (Aerospace Center Hospital), Peking University Aerospace, No. 15, Yuquan Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Xu Yang
- Department of Neurology, School of Clinical Medicine (Aerospace Center Hospital), Peking University Aerospace, No. 15, Yuquan Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100049, China.
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Dror I, Chitiashvili T, Tan SYX, Cano CT, Sahakyan A, Markaki Y, Chronis C, Collier AJ, Deng W, Liang G, Sun Y, Afasizheva A, Miller J, Xiao W, Black DL, Ding F, Plath K. XIST directly regulates X-linked and autosomal genes in naive human pluripotent cells. Cell 2024; 187:110-129.e31. [PMID: 38181737 PMCID: PMC10783549 DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2023.11.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2020] [Revised: 04/01/2023] [Accepted: 11/28/2023] [Indexed: 01/07/2024]
Abstract
X chromosome inactivation (XCI) serves as a paradigm for RNA-mediated regulation of gene expression, wherein the long non-coding RNA XIST spreads across the X chromosome in cis to mediate gene silencing chromosome-wide. In female naive human pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs), XIST is in a dispersed configuration, and XCI does not occur, raising questions about XIST's function. We found that XIST spreads across the X chromosome and induces dampening of X-linked gene expression in naive hPSCs. Surprisingly, XIST also targets specific autosomal regions, where it induces repressive chromatin changes and gene expression dampening. Thereby, XIST equalizes X-linked gene dosage between male and female cells while inducing differences in autosomes. The dispersed Xist configuration and autosomal localization also occur transiently during XCI initiation in mouse PSCs. Together, our study identifies XIST as the regulator of X chromosome dampening, uncovers an evolutionarily conserved trans-acting role of XIST/Xist, and reveals a correlation between XIST/Xist dispersal and autosomal targeting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iris Dror
- Department of Biological Chemistry, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Tsotne Chitiashvili
- Department of Biological Chemistry, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Shawn Y X Tan
- Department of Biological Chemistry, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Clara T Cano
- Department of Biological Chemistry, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Anna Sahakyan
- Department of Biological Chemistry, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Yolanda Markaki
- Department of Biological Chemistry, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA; Institute for Structural and Chemical Biology & Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of Leicester, Leicester LE1 7RH, UK
| | - Constantinos Chronis
- Department of Biological Chemistry, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60607, USA
| | - Amanda J Collier
- Department of Biological Chemistry, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Weixian Deng
- Department of Biological Chemistry, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Guohao Liang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, USA
| | - Yu Sun
- Department of Biological Chemistry, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Anna Afasizheva
- Department of Biological Chemistry, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Jarrett Miller
- Department of Biological Chemistry, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Wen Xiao
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Molecular Genetics, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Douglas L Black
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Molecular Genetics, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Fangyuan Ding
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, USA; Department of Developmental and Cell Biology, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, USA
| | - Kathrin Plath
- Department of Biological Chemistry, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA.
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Baguma-Nibasheka M, Kablar B. Mechanics of Lung Development. ADVANCES IN ANATOMY, EMBRYOLOGY, AND CELL BIOLOGY 2023; 236:131-150. [PMID: 37955774 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-031-38215-4_6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2023]
Abstract
We summarize how skeletal muscle and lung developmental biology fields have been bridged to benefit from mouse genetic engineering technologies and to explore the role of fetal breathing-like movements (FBMs) in lung development, by using skeletal muscle-specific mutant mice. It has been known for a long time that FBMs are essential for the lung to develop properly. However, the cellular and molecular mechanisms transducing the mechanical forces of muscular activity into specific genetic programs that propel lung morphogenesis (development of the shape, form and size of the lung, its airways, and gas exchange surface) as well as its differentiation (acquisition of specialized cell structural and functional features from their progenitor cells) are only starting to be revealed. This chapter is a brief synopsis of the cumulative findings from that ongoing quest. An update on and the rationale for our recent International Mouse Phenotyping Consortium (IMPC) search is also provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark Baguma-Nibasheka
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada.
| | - Boris Kablar
- Department of Medical Neuroscience, Anatomy and Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada
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