1
|
Sendra VG, Tau J, Zapata G, Lasagni Vitar RM, Illian E, Chiaradía P, Berra A. Polluted Air Exposure Compromises Corneal Immunity and Exacerbates Inflammation in Acute Herpes Simplex Keratitis. Front Immunol 2021; 12:618597. [PMID: 33841400 PMCID: PMC8025944 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.618597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2020] [Accepted: 01/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Air pollution is a serious environmental issue worldwide in developing countries’ megacities, affecting the population’s health, including the ocular surface, by predisposing or exacerbating other ocular diseases. Herpes simplex keratitis (HSK) is caused by the herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1). The primary or recurring infection in the ocular site causes progressive corneal scarring that may result in visual impairment. The present study was designed to study the immunopathological changes of acute HSK under urban polluted air, using the acute HSK model combined with an experimental urban polluted air exposure from Buenos Aires City. We evaluated the corneal clinical outcomes, viral DNA and pro-inflammatory cytokines by RT-PCR and ELISA assays, respectively. Then, we determined the innate and adaptive immune responses in both cornea and local lymph nodes after HSV-1 corneal by immunofluorescence staining and flow cytometry. Our results showed that mice exposed to polluted air develop a severe form of HSK with increased corneal opacity, neovascularization, HSV-1 DNA and production of TNF-α, IL-1β, IFN-γ, and CCL2. A high number of corneal resident immune cells, including activated dendritic cells, was observed in mice exposed to polluted air; with a further significant influx of bone marrow-derived cells including GR1+ cells (neutrophils and inflammatory monocytes), CD11c+ cells (dendritic cells), and CD3+ (T cells) during acute corneal HSK. Moreover, mice exposed to polluted air showed a predominant Th1 type T cell response over Tregs in local lymph nodes during acute HSK with decreased corneal Tregs. These findings provide strong evidence that urban polluted air might trigger a local imbalance of innate and adaptive immune responses that exacerbate HSK severity. Taking this study into account, urban air pollution should be considered a key factor in developing ocular inflammatory diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Victor G Sendra
- Laboratorio Traslacional de Inmunopatología y Oftalmología, Departamento de Patología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Cuidad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Julia Tau
- Laboratorio Traslacional de Inmunopatología y Oftalmología, Departamento de Patología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Cuidad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Gustavo Zapata
- Laboratorio Traslacional de Inmunopatología y Oftalmología, Departamento de Patología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Cuidad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Romina M Lasagni Vitar
- Departamento de Química Analítica y Fisicoquímica, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, CONICET-Instituto de Bioquímica y Medicina Molecular (IBIMOL), Universidad de Buenos Aires, Cuidad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Eduardo Illian
- Neurovirosis, Departamento de Virología, Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Infecciosas (INEI), Administración Nacional de Laboratorios e Institutos de Salud (ANLIS) Malbrán, Cuidad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Pablo Chiaradía
- Departamento de Oftalmología, Hospital de Clínicas, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Cuidad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Alejandro Berra
- Laboratorio Traslacional de Inmunopatología y Oftalmología, Departamento de Patología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Cuidad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Kaur Kohli S, Bhardwaj A, Bhardwaj V, Sharma A, Kalia N, Landi M, Bhardwaj R. Therapeutic Potential of Brassinosteroids in Biomedical and Clinical Research. Biomolecules 2020; 10:E572. [PMID: 32283642 PMCID: PMC7226375 DOI: 10.3390/biom10040572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2020] [Revised: 03/28/2020] [Accepted: 04/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Steroids are a pivotal class of hormones with a key role in growth modulation and signal transduction in multicellular organisms. Synthetic steroids are widely used to cure large array of viral, fungal, bacterial, and cancerous infections. Brassinosteroids (BRs) are a natural collection of phytosterols, which have structural similarity with animal steroids. BRs are dispersed universally throughout the plant kingdom. These plant steroids are well known to modulate a plethora of physiological responses in plants leading to improvement in quality as well as yield of food crops. Moreover, they have been found to play imperative role in stress-fortification against various stresses in plants. Over a decade, BRs have conquered worldwide interest due to their diverse biological activities in animal systems. Recent studies have indicated anticancerous, antiangiogenic, antiviral, antigenotoxic, antifungal, and antibacterial bioactivities of BRs in the animal test systems. BRs inhibit replication of viruses and induce cytotoxic effects on cancerous cell lines. Keeping in view the biological activities of BRs, this review is an attempt to update the information about prospects of BRs in biomedical and clinical application.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sukhmeen Kaur Kohli
- Plant Stress Physiology Lab, Department of Botanical and Environment Sciences, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar 143005, Punjab, India; (S.K.K.); (A.S.)
| | - Abhay Bhardwaj
- Department of Bio-organic and Biological Chemistry, Kharkiv National Medical University, Kharkiv 61000, Ukraine; (A.B.); (V.B.)
| | - Vinay Bhardwaj
- Department of Bio-organic and Biological Chemistry, Kharkiv National Medical University, Kharkiv 61000, Ukraine; (A.B.); (V.B.)
| | - Anket Sharma
- Plant Stress Physiology Lab, Department of Botanical and Environment Sciences, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar 143005, Punjab, India; (S.K.K.); (A.S.)
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou 311300, China
| | - Namarta Kalia
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar 143005, Punjab, India;
| | - Marco Landi
- Department of Agriculture, Food & Environment, University of Pisa, Via del Borghetto 80, 56124 Pisa, Italy
- Interdepartmental Research Center Nutrafood “Nutraceuticals and Food for Health”, University of Pisa, Via del Borghetto 80, 56124 Pisa, Italy
| | - Renu Bhardwaj
- Plant Stress Physiology Lab, Department of Botanical and Environment Sciences, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar 143005, Punjab, India; (S.K.K.); (A.S.)
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Bernardo Y, Alonso E, Coll F, Coll-García D, Pérez C, Agüero G. Synthesis of (22R,23R)-22,23-epoxy-3β,5α-dihydroxystigmastan-6-one from Stigmasterol. JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL RESEARCH 2019. [DOI: 10.3184/030823405774309203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
A new (22R,23R)-22,23-epoxy-3β,5α-dihydroxy-stigmastan-6-one brassinosteroid analogue has been synthesised from stigmasterol 1 and its activity as a plant growth promoter has been tested.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yamilé Bernardo
- Faculty of Chemistry, University of Havana, Ciudad de La Habana 10400, Cuba
| | - Esther Alonso
- Faculty of Chemistry, University of Havana, Ciudad de La Habana 10400, Cuba
| | - Francisco Coll
- Faculty of Chemistry, University of Havana, Ciudad de La Habana 10400, Cuba
| | - Danahe Coll-García
- Faculty of Chemistry, University of Havana, Ciudad de La Habana 10400, Cuba
| | - Carlos Pérez
- Faculty of Chemistry, University of Havana, Ciudad de La Habana 10400, Cuba
| | - Georgina Agüero
- Faculty of Chemistry, University of Havana, Ciudad de La Habana 10400, Cuba
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Bernardo Y, Alonso E, Coll F, Pérez C, Agüero G. Synthesis of (22R,23R)-2α,3α,22,23-Diepoxy-5α-Hydroxy-Stigmastan-6-One from Stigmasterol. JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL RESEARCH 2019. [DOI: 10.3184/030823406776330783] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
A new (22R,23R)-2α,3α,22,23-diepoxy-5α-hydroxy-stigmastan-6-one diepisecasterone analogue have been synthesised from stigmasterol.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yamilé Bernardo
- Faculty of Chemistry, University of Havana, Ciudad de La Habana 10400, Cuba
| | - Esther Alonso
- Faculty of Chemistry, University of Havana, Ciudad de La Habana 10400, Cuba
| | - Francisco Coll
- Faculty of Chemistry, University of Havana, Ciudad de La Habana 10400, Cuba
| | - Carlos Pérez
- Faculty of Chemistry, University of Havana, Ciudad de La Habana 10400, Cuba
| | - Georgina Agüero
- Faculty of Chemistry, University of Havana, Ciudad de La Habana 10400, Cuba
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Bernardo-Otero Y, Alonso-Becerra E, Guerra-Martínez F, Martínez-Massanet G, Pérez-Martínez C, Coll-Manchado F. Synthesis and Biological Activity of Epoxy Analogues of 3-dehydroteasterone. JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL RESEARCH 2019. [DOI: 10.3184/030823407x210884] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Two new brassinosteroids analogues containing a 3,6-dione with a 5a-hydroxyl group and also one epoxy ring in the side chain have been synthesised from stigmasterol. Their activity as plant growth promoter has been tested using Radish ( Raphanus sativus) tests.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Francisco Guerra-Martínez
- Departament of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Cadiz, Apartado 40, 11510 Puerto Real, Cadiz, Spain
| | - Guillermo Martínez-Massanet
- Departament of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Cadiz, Apartado 40, 11510 Puerto Real, Cadiz, Spain
| | | | - Francisco Coll-Manchado
- Departament of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Cadiz, Apartado 40, 11510 Puerto Real, Cadiz, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Wang Q, Cai WJ, Yu L, Ding J, Feng YQ. Comprehensive Profiling of Phytohormones in Honey by Sequential Liquid-Liquid Extraction Coupled with Liquid Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2017; 65:575-585. [PMID: 28032995 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.6b04234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Honey exhibits various nutritional and medicinal functions, which are highly related to the active components; thus, the exploration of new compounds in honey is of great importance. Because honey is a byproduct of flower nectar, which is rich in phytohormones, the existence of phytohormones in honey is anticipated. In this research, a method for comprehensive profiling of 49 phytohormones in honey was developed by sequential liquid-liquid extraction (LLE) coupled with liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). Good linearities for 49 phytohormones were obtained with correlation coefficients (R) larger than 0.9913. The limits of detection (LODs) were in the range of 0.2-628.2 pg/mL. Satisfied reproducibility and reliability were achieved by evaluation of the intra- and interday precisions with relative standard deviations (RSDs) less than 15.8% and relative recoveries ranging from 80.4 to 123.7%. The method was further applied to analyze the phytohormones in 14 monofloral raw honey samples and 3 commercial honey samples. The existence of 34 phytohormones was confirmed, including 14 cytokinins (CKs), 8 gibberellins (GAs), 5 brassinosteroids (BRs), indole-3-acetic acid (IAA), indole-3-butyric acid (IBA), abscisic acid (ABA), salicylic acid (SA), jasmonic acid (JA), jasmonoyl-leucine (JA-Leu), and jasmonoyl-phenylalanine (JA-Phe). In addition, the content and species of phytohormones varies in different kinds of honey. The study is beneficial to fully illustrate the phytohormone profile of honey and contributive to elucidate the mechanism of its nutritional and medicinal functions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qing Wang
- Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Biology and Medicine (Ministry of Education), Department of Chemistry, Wuhan University , Wuhan, Hubei 430072, People's Republic of China
| | - Wen-Jing Cai
- Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Biology and Medicine (Ministry of Education), Department of Chemistry, Wuhan University , Wuhan, Hubei 430072, People's Republic of China
| | - Lei Yu
- Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Biology and Medicine (Ministry of Education), Department of Chemistry, Wuhan University , Wuhan, Hubei 430072, People's Republic of China
| | - Jun Ding
- Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Biology and Medicine (Ministry of Education), Department of Chemistry, Wuhan University , Wuhan, Hubei 430072, People's Republic of China
| | - Yu-Qi Feng
- Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Biology and Medicine (Ministry of Education), Department of Chemistry, Wuhan University , Wuhan, Hubei 430072, People's Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Moreno-Anzúrez NE, Marquina S, Alvarez L, Zamilpa A, Castillo-España P, Perea-Arango I, Torres PN, Herrera-Ruiz M, Díaz García ER, García JT, Arellano-García J. A Cytotoxic and Anti-inflammatory Campesterol Derivative from Genetically Transformed Hairy Roots of Lopezia racemosa Cav. (Onagraceae). Molecules 2017; 22:E118. [PMID: 28085103 PMCID: PMC6155711 DOI: 10.3390/molecules22010118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2016] [Revised: 01/03/2017] [Accepted: 01/05/2017] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The genetically transformed hairy root line LRT 7.31 obtained by infecting leaf explants of Lopezia racemosa Cav with the Agrobacterium rhizogenes strain ATCC15834/pTDT, was evaluated to identify the anti-inflammatory and cytotoxic compounds reported previously for the wild plant. After several subcultures of the LRT 7.31 line, the bio-guided fractionation of the dichloromethane-methanol (1:1) extract obtained from dry biomass afforded a fraction that showed important in vivo anti-inflammatory, and in vitro cytotoxic activities. Chemical separation of the active fraction allowed us to identify the triterpenes ursolic (1) and oleanolic (2) acids, and (23R)-2α,3β,23,28-tetrahydroxy-14,15-dehydrocampesterol (3) as the anti-inflammatory principles of the active fraction. A new molecule 3 was characterized by spectroscopic analysis of its tetraacetate derivative 3a. This compound was not described in previous reports of callus cultures, in vitro germinated seedlings and wild plant extracts of whole L. racemosa plants. The anti-inflammatory and cytotoxic activities displayed by the fraction are associated to the presence of compounds 1-3. The present study reports the obtaining of the transformed hairy roots, the bioguided isolation of the new molecule 3, and its structure characterization.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Norma Elizabeth Moreno-Anzúrez
- Centro Investigación en Biotecnología, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Morelos, Av. Universidad 1001 Col, Chamilpa C.P. 62209, Cuernavaca, Morelos, Mexico.
| | - Silvia Marquina
- Centro de Investigaciones Químicas-IICBA, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Morelos, Av. Universidad 1001 Col, Chamilpa C.P. 62209, Cuernavaca, Morelos, Mexico.
| | - Laura Alvarez
- Centro de Investigaciones Químicas-IICBA, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Morelos, Av. Universidad 1001 Col, Chamilpa C.P. 62209, Cuernavaca, Morelos, Mexico.
| | - Alejandro Zamilpa
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica del Sur (IMSS), Argentina No. 1, Xochitepec Centro C.P. 62790, Morelos, Mexico.
| | - Patricia Castillo-España
- Centro Investigación en Biotecnología, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Morelos, Av. Universidad 1001 Col, Chamilpa C.P. 62209, Cuernavaca, Morelos, Mexico.
| | - Irene Perea-Arango
- Centro Investigación en Biotecnología, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Morelos, Av. Universidad 1001 Col, Chamilpa C.P. 62209, Cuernavaca, Morelos, Mexico.
| | - Pilar Nicasio Torres
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica del Sur (IMSS), Argentina No. 1, Xochitepec Centro C.P. 62790, Morelos, Mexico.
| | - Maribel Herrera-Ruiz
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica del Sur (IMSS), Argentina No. 1, Xochitepec Centro C.P. 62790, Morelos, Mexico.
| | - Edgar Rolando Díaz García
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica del Sur (IMSS), Argentina No. 1, Xochitepec Centro C.P. 62790, Morelos, Mexico.
| | - Jaime Tortoriello García
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica del Sur (IMSS), Argentina No. 1, Xochitepec Centro C.P. 62790, Morelos, Mexico.
| | - Jesús Arellano-García
- Centro Investigación en Biotecnología, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Morelos, Av. Universidad 1001 Col, Chamilpa C.P. 62209, Cuernavaca, Morelos, Mexico.
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Michelini FM, Lombardi MG, Bueno CA, Berra A, Sales ME, Alché LE. Synthetic stigmasterol derivatives inhibit capillary tube formation, herpetic corneal neovascularization and tumor induced angiogenesis: Antiangiogenic stigmasterol derivatives. Steroids 2016; 115:160-168. [PMID: 27623061 DOI: 10.1016/j.steroids.2016.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2016] [Revised: 07/21/2016] [Accepted: 09/02/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Angiogenesis plays a critical role in initiating and promoting several diseases, such as cancer and herpetic stromal keratitis (HSK). Herein, we studied the inhibitory effect of two synthetic stigmasterol derivatives on capillary tube-like structures and on cell migration in human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC): (22S,23S)-22,23-dihydroxystigmast-4-en-3-one (compound 1) and (22S,23S)-3β-bromo-5α,22,23-trihydroxystigmastan-6-one (compound 2). We also studied their effect on VEGF expression in IL-6 stimulated macrophages and in LMM3 breast cancer cells. Furthermore, we investigated the antiangiogenic activity of the compounds on corneal neovascularization in the murine model of HSK and in an experimental model of tumor-induced angiogenesis in mice. Both compounds inhibited capillary tube-like formation, but only compound 1 restrained cell migration. Compound 1, unlike compound 2, was able to reduce VEGF expression. Only compound 1 not only reduced the incidence and severity of corneal neovascularization, when administered at the onset of HSK, but it also restrained the development of neovascular response induced by tumor cells in mice skin. Our results show that compound 1 inhibits angiogenesis in vitro and in vivo. Therefore, compound 1 would be a promising drug in the treatment of those diseases where angiogenesis represents one of the main pathogenic events.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Flavia M Michelini
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Departamento de Química Biológica, Laboratorio de Virología, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Instituto de Química Biológica de la Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales (IQUIBICEN), Pabellón 2, 4to. piso, Ciudad Universitaria, C1428EGA Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - María Gabriela Lombardi
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Medicina, Segunda Cátedra de Farmacología, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Centro de Estudios Farmacológicos y Botánicos (CEFYBO), Paraguay 2155 Piso 16°, C1121ABG Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Carlos A Bueno
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Departamento de Química Biológica, Laboratorio de Virología, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Instituto de Química Biológica de la Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales (IQUIBICEN), Pabellón 2, 4to. piso, Ciudad Universitaria, C1428EGA Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Alejandro Berra
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Medicina, Departamento de Patología, Laboratorio de Investigaciones Oculares, J. E. Uriburu 950, EP, C1114AAD Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - María Elena Sales
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Medicina, Segunda Cátedra de Farmacología, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Centro de Estudios Farmacológicos y Botánicos (CEFYBO), Paraguay 2155 Piso 16°, C1121ABG Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Laura E Alché
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Departamento de Química Biológica, Laboratorio de Virología, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Instituto de Química Biológica de la Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales (IQUIBICEN), Pabellón 2, 4to. piso, Ciudad Universitaria, C1428EGA Buenos Aires, Argentina.
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Dávola ME, Mazaira GI, Galigniana MD, Alché LE, Ramírez JA, Barquero AA. Synthetic pregnenolone derivatives as antiviral agents against acyclovir-resistant isolates of Herpes Simplex Virus Type 1. Antiviral Res 2015; 122:55-63. [DOI: 10.1016/j.antiviral.2015.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2015] [Revised: 08/04/2015] [Accepted: 08/06/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
|
10
|
Zhabinskii VN, Khripach NB, Khripach VA. Steroid plant hormones: effects outside plant kingdom. Steroids 2015; 97:87-97. [PMID: 25217849 DOI: 10.1016/j.steroids.2014.08.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2014] [Revised: 08/12/2014] [Accepted: 08/25/2014] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Brassinosteroids (BS) are the first group of steroid-hormonal compounds isolated from and acting in plants. Among numerous physiological effects of BS growth stimulation and adaptogenic activities are especially remarkable. In this review, we provide evidence that BS possess similar types of activity also beyond plant kingdom at concentrations comparable with those for plants. This finding allows looking at steroids from a new point of view: how common are the mechanisms of steroid bioregulation in different types of organisms from protozoa to higher animals.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Vladimir N Zhabinskii
- Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, National Academy of Sciences of Belarus, Kuprevich St., 5/2, 220141 Minsk, Belarus.
| | - Natalia B Khripach
- Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, National Academy of Sciences of Belarus, Kuprevich St., 5/2, 220141 Minsk, Belarus
| | - Vladimir A Khripach
- Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, National Academy of Sciences of Belarus, Kuprevich St., 5/2, 220141 Minsk, Belarus
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Petrera E, Níttolo AG, Alché LE. Antiviral action of synthetic stigmasterol derivatives on herpes simplex virus replication in nervous cells in vitro. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2014; 2014:947560. [PMID: 25147828 PMCID: PMC4131461 DOI: 10.1155/2014/947560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2014] [Revised: 06/30/2014] [Accepted: 07/09/2014] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Polyfunctionalized stigmasterol derivatives, (22S,23S)-22,23-dihydroxystigmast-4-en-3-one (compound 1) and (22S,23S)-3β-bromo-5α,22,23-trihydroxystigmastan-6-one (compound 2), inhibit herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) replication and spreading in human epithelial cells derived from ocular tissues. Both compounds reduce the incidence and severity of lesions in a murine model of herpetic stromal keratitis when administered in different treatment modalities. Since encephalitis caused by HSV-1 is another immunopathology of viral origin, we evaluate here the antiviral effect of both compounds on HSV-1 infected nervous cell lines as well as their anti-inflammatory action. We found that both stigmasterol derivatives presented low cytotoxicity in the three nervous cell lines assayed. Regarding the antiviral activity, in all cases both compounds prevented HSV-1 multiplication when added after infection, as well as virus propagation. Additionally, both compounds were able to hinder interleukin-6 and Interferon-gamma secretion induced by HSV-1 infection in Neuro-2a cells. We conclude that compounds 1 and 2 have exerted a dual antiviral and anti-inflammatory effect in HSV-1 infected nervous cell lines, which makes them interesting molecules to be further studied.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Erina Petrera
- Laboratorio de Virología, Departamento de Química Biológica, IQUIBICEN, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Pabellón 2, 4to. Piso, Intendente Güiraldes 2160, Ciudad Universitaria, C1428EGA Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Analía G. Níttolo
- Laboratorio de Virología, Departamento de Química Biológica, IQUIBICEN, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Pabellón 2, 4to. Piso, Intendente Güiraldes 2160, Ciudad Universitaria, C1428EGA Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Laura E. Alché
- Laboratorio de Virología, Departamento de Química Biológica, IQUIBICEN, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Pabellón 2, 4to. Piso, Intendente Güiraldes 2160, Ciudad Universitaria, C1428EGA Buenos Aires, Argentina
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Naturally occurring compounds elicit HIV-1 replication in chronically infected promonocytic cells. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2014; 2014:989101. [PMID: 24901006 PMCID: PMC4036720 DOI: 10.1155/2014/989101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2014] [Accepted: 04/14/2014] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Since antiretroviral therapy suppresses but does not eradicate HIV-1 infection, methods to purge viral reservoirs are required. Many strategies involve the reactivation of chronically HIV infected cells to induce the expression of integrated viral genome. In this study, five bioactive compounds, the plant derivatives 1-cinnamoyl-3,11-dihydroxymeliacarpin (CDM), nordihydroguaiaretic acid (NDGA), and curcumin (Cur) and the synthetic stigmasterol analogs (22S,23S)-22,23-dihydroxystigmast-4-en-3-one (compound 1) and (22S,23S)-3 β -bromo-5 α ,22,23-trihydroxystigmastan-6-one (compound 2), were evaluated for their ability to elicit HIV replication in promonocytic (U1) and lymphocytic (H9+) HIV-1 chronically infected cells. The results revealed that natural compounds CDM, NDGA, and Cur were able to increase HIV-1 p24 antigen, determined by ELISA, only in latently infected promonocytic cells. CDM would reactivate HIV from latency by modulating the release of IL-6 and TNF- α , since the amount of both cytokines measured through ELISA significantly increased in U1 treated cells. Besides, NDGA increased ROS production, which might be related to the increase on p24 level observed in NDGA treated U1. These findings suggest that CDM, NDGA, and Cur might be candidates for further studies on latency-reversing therapeutics to eliminate latently HIV-1 reservoirs.
Collapse
|
13
|
Recent Advances in Medicinal Applications of Brassinosteroids, a Group of Plant Hormones. STUDIES IN NATURAL PRODUCTS CHEMISTRY 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-444-59603-1.00002-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
|
14
|
Michelini FM, Zorrilla P, Robello C, Alché LE. Immunomodulatory activity of an anti-HSV-1 synthetic stigmastane analog. Bioorg Med Chem 2013; 21:560-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2012.10.054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2012] [Revised: 10/17/2012] [Accepted: 10/25/2012] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
|
15
|
Dávola ME, Alonso F, Cabrera GM, Ramírez JA, Barquero AA. Sterol analogues with diamide side chains interfere with the intracellular localization of viral glycoproteins. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2012; 427:107-12. [PMID: 22982541 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2012.09.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2012] [Accepted: 09/05/2012] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
The need to develop novel antiviral agents encouraged us to assess the antiviral activity of synthetic sterol analogues with a diamide side chains. Cytotoxicity and antiviral activity of a family of azasterol previously synthesized was evaluated against herpes simplex virus 1 (HSV-1) (KOS and B2006) and vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV). This family of compounds was extended by the synthesis of novel analogs using an Ugi multicomponent reaction and their ability to inhibit viral multiplication was also evaluated. The results show that some of the compounds tested exert an antiviral activity. Besides, the effect of the azasterols on the intracellular localization of viral glycoproteins was examined. Strikingly, alteration on the glycoprotein D (gD) of HSV-1 fluorescence pattern was observed with both the antiherpetic compounds and the inactive azasterols.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- María Eugenia Dávola
- Laboratorio de Virología, Departamento de Química Biológica and IQUIBICEN (CONICET-Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales), Universidad de Buenos Aires, Pabellón 2, Piso 4, Ciudad Universitaria, C1428EGA Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
16
|
Esposito D, Kizelsztein P, Komarnytsky S, Raskin I. Hypoglycemic effects of brassinosteroid in diet-induced obese mice. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 2012; 303:E652-8. [PMID: 22785239 PMCID: PMC3774328 DOI: 10.1152/ajpendo.00024.2012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The prevalence of obesity is increasing globally, and obesity is a major risk factor for metabolic diseases such as type 2 diabetes. Previously, we reported that oral administration of homobrassinolide (HB) to healthy rats triggered a selective anabolic response that was associated with lower blood glucose. Therefore, the aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of HB administration on glucose metabolism, insulin sensitivity, body composition, and gluconeogenic gene expression profiles in liver of C57BL/6J high-fat diet-induced obese mice. Acute oral administration of 50-300 mg/kg HB to obese mice resulted in a dose-dependent decrease in fasting blood glucose within 3 h of treatment. Daily chronic administration of HB (50 mg/kg for 8 wk) ameliorated hyperglycemia and improved oral glucose tolerance associated with obesity without significantly affecting body weight or body composition. These changes were accompanied by lower expression of two key gluconeogenic enzymes, phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase (PEPCK) and glucose-6-phosphatase (G-6-Pase), and increased phosphorylation of AMP-activated protein kinase in the liver and muscle tissue. In vitro, HB treatment (1-15 μM) inhibited cyclic AMP-stimulated but not dexamethasone-stimulated upregulation of PEPCK and G-6-Pase mRNA levels in H4IIE rat hepatoma cells. Among a series of brassinosteroid analogs related to HB, only homocastasterone decreased glucose production in cell culture significantly. These results indicate the antidiabetic effects of brassinosteroids and begin to elucidate their putative cellular targets both in vitro and in vivo.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Debora Esposito
- Biotech Center, School of Environmental and Biological Sciences, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, New Jersey, USA
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
17
|
Esposito D, Komarnytsky S, Shapses S, Raskin I. Anabolic effect of plant brassinosteroid. FASEB J 2011; 25:3708-19. [PMID: 21746867 DOI: 10.1096/fj.11-181271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Brassinosteroids are plant-derived polyhydroxylated derivatives of 5a-cholestane, structurally similar to cholesterol-derived animal steroid hormones and insect ecdysteroids, with no known function in mammals. 28-Homobrassinolide (HB), a steroidal lactone with potent plant growth-promoting property, stimulated protein synthesis and inhibited protein degradation in L6 rat skeletal muscle cells (EC(50) 4 μM) mediated in part by PI3K/Akt signaling pathway. Oral administration of HB (20 or 60 mg/kg/d for 24 d) to healthy rats fed normal diet (protein content 23.9%) increased food intake, body weight gain, lean body mass, and gastrocnemius muscle mass as compared with vehicle-treated controls. The effect of HB administration increased slightly in animals fed a high-protein diet (protein content 39.4%). Both oral (up to 60 mg/kg) and subcutaneous (up to 4 mg/kg) administration of HB showed low androgenic activity when tested in the Hershberger assay. Moreover, HB showed no direct binding to the androgen receptor in vitro. HB treatment was also associated with an improved physical fitness of untrained healthy rats, as evident from a 6.7% increase in lower extremity strength, measured by grip test. In the gastrocnemius muscle of castrated animals, HB treatment significantly increased the number of type IIa and IIb fibers and the cross-sectional area of type I and type IIa fibers. These findings suggest that oral application of HB triggers selective anabolic response with minimal or no androgenic side-effects and begin to elucidate the putative cellular targets for plant brassinosteroids in mammals.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Debora Esposito
- Biotech Center, School of Environmental and Biological Sciences, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, New Jersey, USA
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
18
|
24-Epibrassinolide, a Phytosterol from the Brassinosteroid Family, Protects Dopaminergic Cells against MPP-Induced Oxidative Stress and Apoptosis. J Toxicol 2011; 2011:392859. [PMID: 21776258 PMCID: PMC3135132 DOI: 10.1155/2011/392859] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2010] [Revised: 03/07/2011] [Accepted: 03/28/2011] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Oxidative stress and apoptosis are frequently cited to explain neuronal cell damage in various neurodegenerative disorders, such as Parkinson' s disease. Brassinosteroids (BRs) are phytosterols recognized to promote stress tolerance of vegetables via modulation of the antioxidative enzyme cascade. However, their antioxidative effects on mammalian neuronal cells have never been examined so far.
We analyzed the ability of 24-epibrassinolide (24-Epi), a natural BR, to protect neuronal PC12 cells from 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium- (MPP+-) induced oxidative stress and consequent apoptosis in dopaminergic neurons. Our results demonstrate that 24-Epi reduces the levels of intracellular reactive oxygen species and modulates superoxide dismutase, catalase, and glutathione peroxidase activities. Finally, we determined that the antioxidative properties of 24-Epi lead to the inhibition of MPP+-induced apoptosis by reducing DNA fragmentation as well as the Bax/Bcl-2 protein ratio and cleaved caspase-3. This is the first time that the potent antioxidant and neuroprotective role of 24-Epi has been shown in a mammalian neuronal cell line.
Collapse
|
19
|
Lin L, Tan RX. Cross-kingdom actions of phytohormones: a functional scaffold exploration. Chem Rev 2011; 111:2734-60. [PMID: 21250668 DOI: 10.1021/cr100061j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lan Lin
- Institute of Functional Biomolecules, State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, P. R. China
| | | |
Collapse
|
20
|
Khripach VA, Zhabinskii VN, Gulyakevich OV, Konstantinova OV, Misharin AY, Mekhtiev AR, Timofeev VP, Tkachev YV. Synthesis of secasterol and 24-episecasterol and their toxicity for MCF-7 cells. RUSSIAN JOURNAL OF BIOORGANIC CHEMISTRY 2010; 36:815-24. [DOI: 10.1134/s1068162010060117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
|
21
|
Hayat S, Ahmad A. Prospects of brassinosteroids in medicinal applications. BRASSINOSTEROIDS: A CLASS OF PLANT HORMONE 2010. [PMCID: PMC7120361 DOI: 10.1007/978-94-007-0189-2_17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Steroids are an imperative group of hormones which play a key role in the transmission of signals that mediate growth and physiological responses in most pluricellular organisms. Brassinosteroids (BRs), a class of plant-specific steroid hormones, control many of the developmental and physiological processes like their animal counterparts, including regulation of gene expression, cell division and expansion, differentiation, programmed cell death, and homeostasis. Recent studies have indicated that these hormones have antiviral, antifungal, antiproliferative, antibacterial, neuroprotective and immunomodulatory properties in animal system. BRs analogues have been reported to have antiviral activity against herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1), arenaviruses as well as against replication of vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV) in Vero cells. Also, antiherpetic activities both in a human conjunctive cell line (IOBA-NHC) and murine herpetic stromal keratitis (HSK) experimental models have been reported. In human cells, anticancer structure-activity relationship of natural BRs revealed their high cytotoxic activity. Since, BRs and their analogues are reported to inhibit cell growth in cancer cell lines, they may be considered as promising phytohormones for potential anticancer drugs. The use of pollens in folk medicine also indicates scope of steroids of plant pollens in medicines. An attempt has been made in this paper to document the information available on the prospects of BRs in therapeutics.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shamsul Hayat
- , Botany, Aligarh Muslim University, Anoop Sahar Road, ALIGARH, 202002 India
| | - Aqil Ahmad
- , Botany, Aligarh Muslim University, Anoop Sahar Road, ALIGARH, 202002 India
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Misharin AY, Mehtiev AR, Zhabinskii VN, Khripach VA, Timofeev VP, Tkachev YV. Toxicity of (22R,23R)-22,23-dihydroxystigmastane derivatives to cultured cancer cells. Steroids 2010; 75:287-94. [PMID: 20096295 DOI: 10.1016/j.steroids.2010.01.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2009] [Revised: 01/07/2010] [Accepted: 01/11/2010] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Toxicity of eight 22,23-dihydroxystigmastane derivatives (four pairs of (22R,23R)- and (22S,23S)-isomers differing in steroid backbone structure) to human breast carcinoma MCF-7 cells was compared. For every pair of structurally related compounds, (22R,23R) isomer was found to be significantly more toxic than (22S,23S) isomer. Computational analysis showed that side chain of (22R,23R)-22,23-dihydroxystigmastane derivatives is rigid, whereas that of (22S,23S)-isomers is rather flexible. Structure of steroid backbone significantly affects cytotoxicity of (22R,23R)-22,23-dihydroxystigmastane derivatives to human breast carcinoma MCF-7 cells, human ovary carcinoma CaOv cells, and human prostate carcinoma LnCaP cells. (22R,23R)-3beta,22,23-trihydroxystigmast-5-ene and (22R,23R)-3beta,22,23-trihydroxystigmast-5-en-7-one, both comprising equatorial 3beta-hydroxyl group, exhibited the highest cytotoxicity, while the most polar 28-homobrassinolide and 28-homocastasterone, both comprising 2alpha,3alpha-dihydroxy groups, exhibited the lowest toxicity. Binding of (22R,23R)-22,23-dihydroxystigmastane derivatives to plasmatic membrane was suggested to be important for cytotoxicity.
Collapse
|
23
|
Eignerová B, Slavíková B, Buděšínský M, Dračínský M, Klepetářová B, Št’astná E, Kotora M. Synthesis of Fluorinated Brassinosteroids Based on Alkene Cross-Metathesis and Preliminary Biological Assessment. J Med Chem 2009; 52:5753-7. [DOI: 10.1021/jm900495f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Barbara Eignerová
- Department of Organic and Nuclear Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Charles University in Prague, Hlavova 8, 128 43 Prague 2, Czech Republic
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry AS CR, Flemingovo nám. 2, 166 10 Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Barbora Slavíková
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry AS CR, Flemingovo nám. 2, 166 10 Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Miloš Buděšínský
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry AS CR, Flemingovo nám. 2, 166 10 Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Martin Dračínský
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry AS CR, Flemingovo nám. 2, 166 10 Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Blanka Klepetářová
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry AS CR, Flemingovo nám. 2, 166 10 Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Eva Št’astná
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry AS CR, Flemingovo nám. 2, 166 10 Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Martin Kotora
- Department of Organic and Nuclear Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Charles University in Prague, Hlavova 8, 128 43 Prague 2, Czech Republic
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry AS CR, Flemingovo nám. 2, 166 10 Prague 6, Czech Republic
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Michelini FM, Ramírez JA, Berra A, Galagovsky LR, Alché LE. Anti-herpetic and anti-inflammatory activities of two new synthetic 22,23-dihydroxylated stigmastane derivatives. J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol 2008; 111:111-6. [PMID: 18619833 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsbmb.2008.05.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2008] [Revised: 04/03/2008] [Accepted: 05/26/2008] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Stromal keratitis resulting from ocular infection with Herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) is a common cause of blindness. This report investigates the antiviral and anti-inflammatory properties of two new synthetic stigmastane analogs in the experimental model of HSV-1-induced ocular disease in mice. (22S,23S)-22,23-dihydroxystigmast-4-en-3-one (1) and (22S,23S)-22,23-dihydroxystigmasta-1,4-dien-3-one (2) exhibited anti-HSV-1 activity in vitro and ameliorated the signs of murine herpetic stromal keratitis (HSK), although none of the compounds showed antiviral activity in vivo. We discuss that the improvement of HSK could be due to an immunomodulatory effect of both compounds.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Flavia M Michelini
- Laboratorio de Virología, Departamento de Química Biológica, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Ciudad Universitaria, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
25
|
Malíková J, Swaczynová J, Kolár Z, Strnad M. Anticancer and antiproliferative activity of natural brassinosteroids. PHYTOCHEMISTRY 2008; 69:418-26. [PMID: 17869317 DOI: 10.1016/j.phytochem.2007.07.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2007] [Revised: 07/27/2007] [Accepted: 07/30/2007] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Brassinosteroids (BRs) are steroid plant hormones that are essential for many plant growth and developmental processes, including cell expansion, vascular differentiation and stress responses. Up to now the inhibitory effects of BRs on cell division of mammalian cells are unknown. To determine basic anticancer structure-activity relationships of natural BRs on human cells, several normal and cancer cell lines have been used. Several of the tested BRs were found to have high cytotoxic activity. Therefore, in our next series of experiments, we tested the effects of the most promising and readily available BR analogues with interesting anticancer properties, 28-homocastasterone (1) and 24-epibrassinolide (2), on the viability, proliferation, and cycling of hormone-sensitive/insensitive (MCF-7/MDA-MB-468) breast and (LNCaP/DU-145) prostate cancer cell lines to determine whether the discovered cytotoxic activity of BRs could be, at least partially, related to brassinosteroid-nuclear receptor interactions. Both BRs inhibited cell growth in a dose-dependent manner in the cancer cell lines. Flow cytometry analysis showed that BR treatment arrested MCF-7, MDA-MB-468 and LNCaP cells in G(1) phase of the cell cycle and induced apoptosis in MDA-MB-468, LNCaP, and slightly in the DU-145 cells. Our results provide the first evidence that natural BRs can inhibit the growth, at micromolar concentrations, of several human cancer cell lines without affecting the growth of normal cells. Therefore, these plant hormones are promising leads for potential anticancer drugs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jana Malíková
- Laboratory of Molecular Pathology, Institute of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Palacký University, Hnevotínská 3, 775 15 Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
26
|
Michelini FM, Berra A, Alché LE. The in vitro immunomodulatory activity of a synthetic brassinosteroid analogue would account for the improvement of herpetic stromal keratitis in mice. J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol 2008; 108:164-70. [PMID: 18054220 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsbmb.2007.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2007] [Revised: 09/27/2007] [Accepted: 10/08/2007] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) induces an ocular chronic immunoinflammatory syndrome named herpetic stromal keratitis that can lead to vision impairment and blindness. We have reported that the synthetic brassinosteroid (22S,23S)-3beta-bromo-5alpha,22,23-trihydroxystigmastan-6-one, designated as 2, is a potent antiviral in vitro and reduces the incidence of murine herpetic stromal keratitis, although it does not exert an antiviral effect in vivo. In the present report, we investigated whether brassinosteroid 2 may play a role in the modulation of the response of epithelial and immune cells to HSV-1 infection. Compound 2 blocked HSV-1-induced activation of NF-kappaB by inhibiting its translocation to the nucleus of infected corneal and conjunctival cells in vitro, as well as significantly reduced the secretion of TNF-alpha in infected NHC cells. Conversely, IL-6 production was enhanced by compound 2 after HSV-1 infection in both cell types. The production of these cytokines was considerably reduced in a LPS-stimulated macrophage cell line after treatment with compound 2. In conclusion, brassinosteroid 2 would be playing a modulating effect as an inductor or inhibitor, depending on the cell type involved. The improvement of disease observed in mice could be a balance between both, the immunostimulating and immunosuppressive effects of brassinosteroid 2 in vivo.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Flavia M Michelini
- Laboratory of Virology, Department of Biochemistry, School of Science, University of Buenos Aires, Pabellón II, Piso 4to., Ciudad Universitaria, 1428 Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
27
|
Ramírez JA, Bruttomesso AC, Michelini FM, Acebedo SL, Alché LE, Galagovsky LR. Syntheses of immunomodulating androstanes and stigmastanes: Comparison of their TNF-α inhibitory activity. Bioorg Med Chem 2007; 15:7538-44. [PMID: 17892941 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2007.09.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2007] [Revised: 09/10/2007] [Accepted: 09/10/2007] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
In a previous work our group showed that some synthetic stigmastanes may play a role in immune-mediated inflammation. In this paper we report the syntheses of a series of new steroidal compounds derived from dehydroepiandrosterone and stigmasterol, and the evaluation of their in vitro inhibitory activity of the TNF-alpha production by macrophages. A preliminary qualitative structure-activity relationship was established.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Javier A Ramírez
- Departamento de Química Orgánica and UMYMFOR (CONICET-Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales), Universidad de Buenos Aires, Pabellón 2, Piso 3, Ciudad Universitaria, C1428EGA, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
28
|
Drozdov FV, Mekhtiev AR, Morozevich GE, Timofeev VP, Misharin AI. Cytotoxic derivatives of (22R,23R)-dihydroxystigmastane. RUSSIAN JOURNAL OF BIOORGANIC CHEMISTRY 2007; 33:349-56. [PMID: 17682392 DOI: 10.1134/s1068162007030090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
(22R,23R)-22,23-dihydroxystigmast-4-en-3-one, (22R,23R)-22,23-dihydroxystigmast-4-en-3,6-dione, (22R,23R)-3beta,5alpha,6beta,22,23-pentahydroxystigmastane, (22R,23R)-5alpha,6alpha-oxido-3beta,22,23-trihydroxystigmastane, (22R,23R)-5beta,6beta-oxido-3beta,22,23-trihydroxystigmastane, and (22R,23R)-3beta,6beta,22,23-tetrahydroxystigmast-4-ene were synthesized. Their cytotoxicities were comparatively studied using the MCF-7 line of carcinoma cells of human mammary gland and cells of human hepatoma of the Hep G2 line.
Collapse
|
29
|
Romanutti C, Castilla V, Coto CE, Wachsman MB. Antiviral effect of a synthetic brassinosteroid on the replication of vesicular stomatitis virus in Vero cells. Int J Antimicrob Agents 2007; 29:311-6. [PMID: 17275263 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijantimicag.2006.11.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2006] [Revised: 11/03/2006] [Accepted: 11/07/2006] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
The antiviral mode of action of the synthetic brassinosteroid (22S,23S)-3beta-bromo-5alpha,22,23-trihydroxystigmastan-6-one (6b) against replication of vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV) in Vero cells was investigated. Time-related experiments showed that 6b mainly affects a late event of the virus growth cycle. Virus adsorption, internalisation and early RNA synthesis are not the target of the inhibitory action. Results obtained indicate that the antiviral compound adversely affects virus protein synthesis and viral mature particle formation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Carina Romanutti
- Laboratorio de Virología, Departamento de Química Biológica, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Ciudad Universitaria, Pabellón 2, Piso 4, Intendente Güiraldes 2160, C1428EGA, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
30
|
Piĭr EA, Morozevich GE, Drozdov FV, Timofeev VP, Misharin AI. Δ5-7-Ketosterols with modified side chain: The synthesis and the effects on viability and cholesterol biosynthesis in Hep G2 cells. RUSSIAN JOURNAL OF BIOORGANIC CHEMISTRY 2006; 32:551-8. [PMID: 17042274 DOI: 10.1134/s1068162006050141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
(22E)-3beta-Hydroxysitosta-5,22-dien-7-one, (22R, 23R)-3beta,22,23-trihydroxysitost-5-en-7-one, and (22R, 23R)-3beta-hydroxy-22,23-isopropylidenedioxysitost-5-en-7-one were synthesized. The cytotoxicity and effects on cholesterol biosynthesis of the resulting 7-ketosterols, 7-ketocholesterol, and (22S,23S)-3beta-hydroxy-22,23-oxidositost-5-en-7-one were studied in hepatoblastoma Hep G2 cells.
Collapse
|
31
|
Barquero AA, Michelini FM, Alché LE. 1-Cinnamoyl-3,11-dihydroxymeliacarpin is a natural bioactive compound with antiviral and nuclear factor-kappaB modulating properties. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2006; 344:955-62. [PMID: 16631615 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2006.03.226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2006] [Accepted: 03/20/2006] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
We have reported the isolation of the tetranortriterpenoid 1-cinnamoyl-3,11-dihydroxymeliacarpin (CDM) from partially purified leaf extracts of Melia azedarach L. (MA) that reduced both, vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV) and Herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) multiplication. CDM blocks VSV entry and the intracellular transport of VSV-G protein, confining it to the Golgi apparatus, by pre- or post-treatment, respectively. Here, we report that HSV-1 glycoproteins were also confined to the Golgi apparatus independently of the nature of the host cell. Considering that MA could be acting as an immunomodulator preventing the development of herpetic stromal keratitis in mice, we also examined an eventual effect of CDM on NF-kappaB signaling pathway. CDM is able to impede NF-kappaB activation in HSV-1-infected conjunctival cells and leads to the accumulation of p65 NF-kappaB subunit in the cytoplasm of uninfected treated Vero cells. In conclusion, CDM is a pleiotropic agent that not only inhibits the multiplication of DNA and RNA viruses by the same mechanism of action but also modulates the NF-kappaB signaling pathway.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Andrea A Barquero
- Laboratorio de Virología, Departamento de Química Biológica, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Pabellón II, Piso 4to., Ciudad Universitaria, C1428BGA Buenos Aires, Argentina.
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
32
|
Abstract
This article reviews the progress in the chemistry of the steroids that was published between January and December 2004. The reactions and partial synthesis of estrogens, androgens, pregnanes, cholic acid derivatives, cholestanes and vitamin D analogues are covered. There are 127 references.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- James R Hanson
- Department of Chemistry, University of Sussex, Brighton, Sussex, UKBN1 9QJ
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Talarico LB, Castilla V, Ramirez JA, Galagovsky LR, Wachsman MB. Synergistic in vitro interactions between (22S,23S)-3beta-bromo-5alpha,22,23-trihydroxystigmastan-6-one and acyclovir or foscarnet against herpes simplex virus type 1. Chemotherapy 2005; 52:38-42. [PMID: 16340198 DOI: 10.1159/000090242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2004] [Accepted: 06/20/2005] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
The replication of herpes simplex virus (HSV) type 1 in Vero cells is inhibited in the presence of (22S,23S)-3beta-bromo-5alpha,22,23-trihydroxystigmastan-6-one (6b), a synthetic brassinosteroid derivative. Since a late step of virus multiplication is hindered by 6b, we performed studies of drug-drug combination with acyclovir (ACV) and foscarnet (FOS). It was determined that 6b would act synergistically with low concentrations of ACV and moderate concentrations of FOS against HSV. The best drug combination tested in this study resulted in an increase of 29.3 and 47.2% in antiviral activity for ACV (0.036 microM) and FOS (37.5 microM) in the presence of 14.8 and 6.9 microM of 6b, respectively.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Laura B Talarico
- Laboratorio de Virología, Departamento de Química Biológica, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|