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Hernández-Rivera JA, Herrera-García M, López-Castillo GN, Sandoval-Ramírez J, Carrasco-Carballo A. Epoxide of Diosgenin Acetate Synthesis: DoE for Diastereoselective Yield Optimization, Antimicroibial, antioxidant and antiproliferative effects. Steroids 2023; 197:109256. [PMID: 37217088 DOI: 10.1016/j.steroids.2023.109256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2022] [Revised: 05/15/2023] [Accepted: 05/19/2023] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Diosgenin and its derivatives have proved a huge importance in diverse biological activities. The optimized production of the diastereoisomers of the epoxide of diosgenin acetate by means of mCPBA is reported herein. This transformation had a previous design of experiments using the application of a statistical factorial DoE of 4 parameters (nk), where one variable is varied at a time, while others stay constant. The temperature showed the greatest effect on the reaction yield; so, at 298 K the diastereomeric ratio 3:1 of α and β-epoxides, normally found, was raised to 1:1. Time was the second significant variable, but due to its high correlation with temperature, 30 minutes were required for a global 90% conversion at least. These diastereoisomers were characterized both isolated and in the mixtures obtained, to determine their antioxidant, antimicrobial and antiproliferative activity, finding a low antioxidant capacity by DPPH, but antimicrobial activity at the level of penicillin in gram negative bacteria by 1β better to 1α. The antiproliferative capacity was higher for diastereoisomer β, agreeing with the proportion of the mixture obtained by different conditions, increasing this in relation to the amount of this diastereoisomer present in hormone-dependent cancer cell lines such as Hela, PC-3 and MCF-7, with 10.0 µM obtained values of viability at 21.8 %, 35.8 % and 12.3 % respectively. DoE optimization allows to manipulate the ratio between diastereoisomers with the minimum number of experiments, extending the analysis of the effect of the ratio between diastereoisomers and the in silico potential as well as the biological activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- J A Hernández-Rivera
- Laboratorio de Elucidación y Síntesis en Química Orgánica, Instituto de Ciencias, Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla, 72570, Puebla, México
| | - M Herrera-García
- Laboratorio de Elucidación y Síntesis en Química Orgánica, Instituto de Ciencias, Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla, 72570, Puebla, México
| | - G N López-Castillo
- Laboratorio de Elucidación y Síntesis en Química Orgánica, Instituto de Ciencias, Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla, 72570, Puebla, México
| | - J Sandoval-Ramírez
- Laboratorio de Elucidación y Síntesis en Química Orgánica, Instituto de Ciencias, Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla, 72570, Puebla, México; Laboratorio de Síntesis y Modificación de Productos Naturales, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla, 72570, Puebla, México
| | - A Carrasco-Carballo
- Laboratorio de Elucidación y Síntesis en Química Orgánica, Instituto de Ciencias, Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla, 72570, Puebla, México.
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A novel pregnene analogs: synthesis, cytotoxicity on prostate cancer of PC-3 and LNCPa-AI cells and in silico molecular docking study. Mol Divers 2020; 25:661-671. [PMID: 32006297 DOI: 10.1007/s11030-020-10038-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2019] [Accepted: 01/18/2020] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
New pregnene analogs of N-hydroxamic acid 6, imino-propane hydrazides 7 and 8 as well as the aryl amides 9-11, oxadiazole, pyrazole and sulfinyl analogs 13-15, via the hydrazide analog 5 of methyl ((5-pregnen-3β,17β-diol-15α-yl)thio)propanoate (4) were synthesized. The in vitro cytotoxic activities of selected synthesized steroids against two human prostate cancer cell lines (PC-3, and LNCaP-AI) were evaluated by MTT assay. Compound 10 was the most active cytotoxic agent among these steroids against PC-3 and LNCaP-AI cell lines with inhibition of 96.2%, and 93.6% at concentration levels of 10.0 μM and 91.8%, and of 79.8% at concentration of 1.0 μM, respectively. Molecular docking study of 10 showed a hydrogen bonding with the amino acid Asn705 residue of the receptor 1E3G, together with hydrophobic interactions. Therefore, compound 10 can be considered as a promising anticancer agent due to its potent cytotoxic activity.
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Li C, Chen H, Chen X, Li Y, Hua P, Wei J, Song C, Gu Q, Zhou H, Zhang J, Xu J. Discovery of tissue selective liver X receptor agonists for the treatment of atherosclerosis without causing hepatic lipogenesis. Eur J Med Chem 2019; 182:111647. [PMID: 31499362 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2019.111647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2019] [Revised: 08/02/2019] [Accepted: 08/26/2019] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Liver X Receptor (LXR) is a potential drug target for atherosclerosis. One of the major challenges in taking LXR modulators to the clinic is steatosis. It was reported that sterol LXR agonists selectively activate LXR in the intestine and macrophage cells rather than in the liver. We hypothesize that sterol LXR agonists may selectively inhibit atherosclerosis without causing hepatic lipogenesis. Thus, based on LXR structure, 12 sterol compounds were designed and tested in a dual-luciferase reporter gene experiment. It was confirmed that compounds 4 and 6 were LXR agonists. Further experiments demonstrated that compounds 4 and 6 inhibit the formation of macrophage foam cells without inducing triglyceride accumulation in either hepatocytes or adipocytes. In vivo studies demonstrated that compound 4 promotes reverse cholesterol transport without inducing hepatic lipogenesis. Thus, we report that these compounds with sterol scaffolds can be promising leads for the treatment of atherosclerosis without inducing steatosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chanjuan Li
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, 132 East Circle Road at University City, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Hao Chen
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, 132 East Circle Road at University City, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Xinying Chen
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, 132 East Circle Road at University City, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Yanwen Li
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, 132 East Circle Road at University City, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Pei Hua
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, 132 East Circle Road at University City, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Junkang Wei
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, 132 East Circle Road at University City, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Ching Song
- School of Chemistry and Biological Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Qiong Gu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, 132 East Circle Road at University City, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Huihao Zhou
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, 132 East Circle Road at University City, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Jingxia Zhang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, 132 East Circle Road at University City, Guangzhou, 510006, China.
| | - Jun Xu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, 132 East Circle Road at University City, Guangzhou, 510006, China.
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Markov GV, Gutierrez-Mazariegos J, Pitrat D, Billas IML, Bonneton F, Moras D, Hasserodt J, Lecointre G, Laudet V. Origin of an ancient hormone/receptor couple revealed by resurrection of an ancestral estrogen. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2017; 3:e1601778. [PMID: 28435861 PMCID: PMC5375646 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.1601778] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2016] [Accepted: 02/10/2017] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
The origin of ancient ligand/receptor couples is often analyzed via reconstruction of ancient receptors and, when ligands are products of metabolic pathways, they are not supposed to evolve. However, because metabolic pathways are inherited by descent with modification, their structure can be compared using cladistic analysis. Using this approach, we studied the evolution of steroid hormones. We show that side-chain cleavage is common to most vertebrate steroids, whereas aromatization was co-opted for estrogen synthesis from a more ancient pathway. The ancestral products of aromatic activity were aromatized steroids with a side chain, which we named "paraestrols." We synthesized paraestrol A and show that it effectively binds and activates the ancestral steroid receptor. Our study opens the way to comparative studies of biologically active small molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriel V. Markov
- Molecular Zoology Team, Institut de Génomique Fonctionnelle de Lyon, Université de Lyon, Université Lyon 1, CNRS, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), École Normale Supérieure de Lyon, 46 allée d’Italie, 69364 Lyon Cedex 07, France
- Evolution des Régulations Endocriniennes, Département Régulations, Développement et Diversité Moléculaire, CNRS UMR 7221, Sorbonne Universités, Muséum National d’Histoire Naturelle (MNHN), Paris, France
| | - Juliana Gutierrez-Mazariegos
- Molecular Zoology Team, Institut de Génomique Fonctionnelle de Lyon, Université de Lyon, Université Lyon 1, CNRS, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), École Normale Supérieure de Lyon, 46 allée d’Italie, 69364 Lyon Cedex 07, France
| | - Delphine Pitrat
- Laboratoire de Chimie, Université de Lyon, Université Lyon 1, CNRS UMR 5182, École Normale Supérieure de Lyon, 46 allée d’Italie, 69364 Lyon Cedex 07, France
| | - Isabelle M. L. Billas
- Centre for Integrative Biology, Department of Integrated Structural Biology, Institute of Genetics and Molecular and Cellular Biology, Illkirch, France
- CNRS UMR 7104, Illkirch, France
- INSERM U964, Illkirch, France
- Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
| | - François Bonneton
- Molecular Zoology Team, Institut de Génomique Fonctionnelle de Lyon, Université de Lyon, Université Lyon 1, CNRS, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), École Normale Supérieure de Lyon, 46 allée d’Italie, 69364 Lyon Cedex 07, France
| | - Dino Moras
- Centre for Integrative Biology, Department of Integrated Structural Biology, Institute of Genetics and Molecular and Cellular Biology, Illkirch, France
- CNRS UMR 7104, Illkirch, France
- INSERM U964, Illkirch, France
- Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
| | - Jens Hasserodt
- Laboratoire de Chimie, Université de Lyon, Université Lyon 1, CNRS UMR 5182, École Normale Supérieure de Lyon, 46 allée d’Italie, 69364 Lyon Cedex 07, France
| | - Guillaume Lecointre
- Département Systématique et Evolution, Institut de Systématique, Évolution, Biodiversité, UMR 7205, CNRS–MNHN–Université Pierre et Marie Curie (UPMC)–École Pratique des Hautes Études (EPHE), Sorbonne Universités, Muséum National d’Histoire Naturelle, CP 30, 57 rue Cuvier, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Vincent Laudet
- Molecular Zoology Team, Institut de Génomique Fonctionnelle de Lyon, Université de Lyon, Université Lyon 1, CNRS, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), École Normale Supérieure de Lyon, 46 allée d’Italie, 69364 Lyon Cedex 07, France
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Leng T, Liu A, Wang Y, Chen X, Zhou S, Li Q, Zhu W, Zhou Y, Su X, Huang Y, Yin W, Qiu P, Hu H, Xiong ZG, Zhang J, Yan G. Naturally occurring marine steroid 24-methylenecholestane-3β,5α,6β,19-tetraol functions as a novel neuroprotectant. Steroids 2016; 105:96-105. [PMID: 26631550 DOI: 10.1016/j.steroids.2015.11.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2015] [Revised: 11/02/2015] [Accepted: 11/19/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Steroids have been shown to have multiple effects on the nervous system including neuroprotective activities, and they have the potential to be used for the treatment of neurodegenerative diseases. In this current study, we tested the hypothesis that the marine steroid 24-methylenecholestane-3β,5α,6β,19-tetraol (Tetrol) has a neuroprotective effect. (1) We synthesized Tetrol through a multiple step reaction starting from hyodeoxycholic acid (HDCA). (2) We then evaluated the neuroprotective effect of Tetrol with a glutamate-induced neuronal injury model in vitro. Tetrol concentration dependently increased the survival rate of cerebellar granule neurons challenged with toxic concentration of glutamate. Consistently, Tetrol significantly decreased glutamate-induced lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) release with a threshold concentration of 2.5 μM. (3) We further evaluated the neuroprotective effect of Tetrol in a middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO)-induced cerebral ischemia model in rat. Tetrol, at a dose of 12 mg/kg, significantly decreased MCAO-induced infarction volume by ∼50%. (4) Finally, we probed the mechanism and found that Tetrol concentration dependently attenuated N-methyl-d-aspartate (NMDA)-induced intracellular calcium ([Ca(2+)]i) increase with an IC50 of 7.8±0.62 μM, and inhibited NMDA currents in cortical neurons with an IC50 of 10.28±0.71 μM. Taken together, we have synthesized and characterized Tetrol as a novel neuroprotectant through negative modulation of NMDA receptors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tiandong Leng
- Department of Pharmacology, Zhongshan Medical College, Sun Yat-Sen University, 74 Zhongshan Road II, Guangzhou, GD 510080, China; Neuroscience Institute, Morehouse School of Medicine, 720 Westview Dr SW, Atlanta, GA 30329, USA
| | - Ailing Liu
- Department of Pharmacology, Zhongshan Medical College, Sun Yat-Sen University, 74 Zhongshan Road II, Guangzhou, GD 510080, China
| | - Youqiong Wang
- Department of Pharmacology, Zhongshan Medical College, Sun Yat-Sen University, 74 Zhongshan Road II, Guangzhou, GD 510080, China
| | - Xinying Chen
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, GD 510006, China
| | - Shujia Zhou
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, GD 510006, China
| | - Qun Li
- Department of Pharmacology, Zhongshan Medical College, Sun Yat-Sen University, 74 Zhongshan Road II, Guangzhou, GD 510080, China
| | - Wenbo Zhu
- Department of Pharmacology, Zhongshan Medical College, Sun Yat-Sen University, 74 Zhongshan Road II, Guangzhou, GD 510080, China
| | - Yuehan Zhou
- Department of Pharmacology, Zhongshan Medical College, Sun Yat-Sen University, 74 Zhongshan Road II, Guangzhou, GD 510080, China
| | - Xingwen Su
- Department of Pharmacology, Zhongshan Medical College, Sun Yat-Sen University, 74 Zhongshan Road II, Guangzhou, GD 510080, China
| | - Yijun Huang
- Department of Pharmacology, Zhongshan Medical College, Sun Yat-Sen University, 74 Zhongshan Road II, Guangzhou, GD 510080, China
| | - Wei Yin
- Department of Pharmacology, Zhongshan Medical College, Sun Yat-Sen University, 74 Zhongshan Road II, Guangzhou, GD 510080, China
| | - Pengxin Qiu
- Department of Pharmacology, Zhongshan Medical College, Sun Yat-Sen University, 74 Zhongshan Road II, Guangzhou, GD 510080, China
| | - Haiyan Hu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, GD 510006, China
| | - Zhi-gang Xiong
- Neuroscience Institute, Morehouse School of Medicine, 720 Westview Dr SW, Atlanta, GA 30329, USA
| | - Jingxia Zhang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, GD 510006, China.
| | - Guangmei Yan
- Department of Pharmacology, Zhongshan Medical College, Sun Yat-Sen University, 74 Zhongshan Road II, Guangzhou, GD 510080, China.
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Yan M, Liu AL, Zhou SJ, Tang LP, Ou YQ, Yin W, Chen XY, Su XW, Qiu PX, Huang YJ, Zhang JX, Yan GM, Leng TD. Characterization of a Synthetic Steroid 24-keto-cholest-5-en-3β, 19-diol as a Neuroprotectant. CNS Neurosci Ther 2015; 21:486-95. [PMID: 25678034 DOI: 10.1111/cns.12378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2014] [Revised: 12/11/2014] [Accepted: 12/12/2014] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Neuroactive steroids represent promising candidates for the treatment of neurological disorders. Our previous studies identified an endogenous steroid cholestane-3β, 5α, 6β-triol (Triol) as a novel neuroprotectant. AIM We aimed to identify a potent candidate for stroke treatment through a screening of Triol analogs. METHODS Hypoxia- and glutamate-induced neuronal injury models in vitro, middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO)-induced cerebral ischemia model in vivo, fluorescein diacetate (FDA) for alive and propidium iodide (PI) for dead staining, LDH assay, and calcium imaging techniques were used. RESULTS 24-keto-cholest-5-en-3β, 19-diol (Diol) showed the most potent neuroprotective effect among the screened structurally related compounds. FDA and PI staining showed that Diol concentration dependently increased the survival rate of cerebellar granule neurons (CGNs) challenged with glutamate or hypoxia, with an effective threshold concentration of 2.5 μM. Consistently, the quantitative LDH release assay showed the same concentration-dependent protection in both models. Diol, at 10 μM, potently decreased glutamate- and hypoxia-induced LDH release from 51.6 to 18.2% and 62.1 to 21.7%, respectively, which values are close to the normal LDH release (~16-18%). Moreover, we found Diol effectively decreased MCAO-induced infarction volume in mice from ~23% to 7%, at a dose of 6 mg/kg. We further explored the underlying mechanism and found that Diol attenuated NMDA-induced intracellular calcium ([Ca(2+) ]i ) increase in cortical neurons, suggesting a negative modulatory effect on NMDA receptor. CONCLUSION Taken together, we identified Diol as a potent neuroprotectant. It may represent a novel and promising neuroprotectant for stroke intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Yan
- Department of Pharmacology, Zhongshan Medical College, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ai-Ling Liu
- Department of Pharmacology, Zhongshan Medical College, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shu-Jia Zhou
- School of pharmaceutical sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Li-Peng Tang
- Department of Pharmacology, Zhongshan Medical College, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yan-Qiu Ou
- Department of Cardiovascular Epidemiology, Guangdong General Hospital, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wei Yin
- Department of Pharmacology, Zhongshan Medical College, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xin-Ying Chen
- School of pharmaceutical sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xing-Wen Su
- Department of Pharmacology, Zhongshan Medical College, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Peng-Xin Qiu
- Department of Pharmacology, Zhongshan Medical College, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yi-Jun Huang
- Department of Pharmacology, Zhongshan Medical College, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jing-Xia Zhang
- School of pharmaceutical sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Guang-Mei Yan
- Department of Pharmacology, Zhongshan Medical College, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Tian-Dong Leng
- Department of Pharmacology, Zhongshan Medical College, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
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Sun H, Zheng X, Zhou Y, Zhu W, Ou Y, Shu M, Gao X, Leng T, Qiu P, Yan G. Alphaxalone inhibits growth, migration and invasion of rat C6 malignant glioma cells. Steroids 2013; 78:1041-5. [PMID: 23831782 DOI: 10.1016/j.steroids.2013.06.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2013] [Revised: 06/05/2013] [Accepted: 06/19/2013] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Malignant gliomas are the most devastating and aggressive brain tumors affecting the central nervous system. The insidious growth and infiltration are the most prominent characteristics of malignant gliomas, which render the current therapies for malignant gliomas including surgery, radiation and chemotherapy unsuccessful. Inhibition of infiltration as well as proliferation in combination with surgery might be more effective in the treatment of malignant gliomas. In the current study, we demonstrate the alphaxalone (3-hydroxypregnane-11,20-dione) could effectively inhibit the proliferation of C6 glioma cells in a concentration dependent manner. Moreover, this compound could also suppress the migration and invasion of C6 glioma cells at a concentration without causing significant cytotoxicity. Except the in vitro anti-glioma activity, alphaxalone effectively delayed the growth of rat C6 malignant glioma xenografts in vivo. Together, these findings suggest alphaxalone might be a promising candidate for the treatment of malignant gliomas and may also provide helpful clues for anti-glioma drugs development in future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huawei Sun
- Department of Cardiology, First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510080, China
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Iqbal Choudhary M, Shahab Alam M, Yousuf S, Wu YC, Lin AS, Shaheen F. Pregnenolone derivatives as potential anticancer agents. Steroids 2011; 76:1554-9. [PMID: 21964577 DOI: 10.1016/j.steroids.2011.09.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2011] [Revised: 08/28/2011] [Accepted: 09/08/2011] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
Pregnenolone (1) was used as a template to develop new anticancer compounds. Ring-D modification of 1 resulted in the synthesis of benzylidenes 2-17, pyrazolines 18-76, pyrazoles 85-91, hydrazones 77-84, and oximes 92-107 derivatives. The structure of compound 107 was also deduced through single crystal X-ray diffraction studies. The inclusion of furanyl and pyridyl rings to pregnenolone skeleton increases the cytotoxicity of all compounds significantly. Among benzylidene derivatives, only heterocyclic enone 8 (IC50=0.74 μM/mL against HepG2), and 17 (IC50=4.49 μM/mL against HepG2, IC50=5.01 μM/mL against MDA-MB-230 cancer cell line) exhibited a significant activity. The cytotoxicity data of pyrazoline derivatives 18-76 revealed that only furanyl bearing pyrazolines 40, 42-44, 48, and 49 exhibited significant activities. While all (O-carboxymethyl) oximes, hydazones, and pyrazoles derivatives of pregnenolone did not show any significant activity against both the cell lines. Thus the furanyl bearing enone 8 (IC50=0.74 μM/mL against HepG2), and its pyrazoline derivative 48 (IC50=0.91 μM/mL against MDA-MB-230 cancer cell lines) were identified as the most active compounds in all derivatives of pregnenolone.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Iqbal Choudhary
- H.E.J. Research Institute of Chemistry, University of Karachi, Karachi 75270, Pakistan
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Synthesis and characterization of new aromatic esters based on 4,16-pregnadiene-6,20-dione skeleton. Chem Cent J 2010; 4:18. [PMID: 21143843 PMCID: PMC3004896 DOI: 10.1186/1752-153x-4-18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2010] [Accepted: 12/08/2010] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
A series of new aromatic esters based on 4,16-pregnadiene-6,20-dione skeleton, namely 3β-benzoyloxy-4,16-pregnadiene-6,20-dione and 3β-furoyloxy-4,16-pregnadiene- 6,20-dione, which may be good inhibitors for the 5α-reductase enzyme and show high antiandrogenic activity, were synthesized starting from diosgenin. The structures of the steroids were characterized by elemental analysis, 1H NMR, 13C NMR, IR and mass spectrum. Single crystal X-ray diffraction measurement on one of the new compounds, 3β-(p-methoxybenzoyloxy)-4,16-pregnadiene-6,20-dione revealed that the A, B, C, and D ring adopted half chair, distorted chair, distorted chair, and distorted envelope conformation, respectively. The molecules in the crystal were packed face-to-face at the normal van der Waals distances.
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