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Patel S, Mishra S. Synthesis of bile acid-thiadiazole conjugates as antibacterial and antioxidant agents. Steroids 2023; 198:109273. [PMID: 37460006 DOI: 10.1016/j.steroids.2023.109273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2023] [Revised: 07/13/2023] [Accepted: 07/14/2023] [Indexed: 07/22/2023]
Abstract
The synthesis, characterization, and antibacterial and antioxidant activity of thiadiazole-deoxycholic/lithocholic acid conjugates are described in this communication. The structures of the synthesised bile acid-thiadiazole conjugates were studied using 1H NMR, 13C NMR and FTIR. Compounds 4c (IC50; 15.34 ± 0.07 μM) and 5c (IC50; 13.45 ± 0.25 μM) demonstrated greater antioxidant activity than the reference compound ascorbic acid (IC50; 20.72 ± 1.02 μM) in DPPH assay. The most effective conjugates against P. vulgarise were 4c (IC50; 24 ± 2.3 μM), 4 g (IC50; 29 ± 2.5 μM), and 5c (IC50; 93 ± 3.6 μM), whereas the most effective conjugates against E. coli were 4e (IC50; 55 ± 2.1 μM) and 4f (IC50; 52 ± 3.5 μM). Conjugates 4c and 5c were the most effective against B. megaterium of all the synthesised conjugates, with IC50 values of 15 ± 1.08 and 20 ± 1.1 μM, respectively. Thus, a large library of compounds derived from bile acid can be easily synthesised for extensive structure-activity relationship studies in order to identify the most appropriate antibacterial agents and antioxidant activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sejal Patel
- Department of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Institute of Advanced Research, Gandhinagar, Gujarat 382426, India
| | - Satyendra Mishra
- Department of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Institute of Advanced Research, Gandhinagar, Gujarat 382426, India.
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2
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Visbal G, Justo RMS, dos Santos da Silva e Miranda G, Teixeira de Macedo Silva S, de Souza W, Rodrigues JCF, Navarro M. Zinc(II)-Sterol Hydrazone Complex as a Potent Anti-Leishmania Agent: Synthesis, Characterization, and Insight into Its Mechanism of Antiparasitic Action. Pharmaceutics 2023; 15:pharmaceutics15041113. [PMID: 37111599 PMCID: PMC10142724 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15041113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2023] [Revised: 03/26/2023] [Accepted: 03/28/2023] [Indexed: 04/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Searching for new alternatives for treating leishmaniasis, we present the synthesis, characterization, and biological evaluation against Leishmania amazonensis of the new ZnCl2(H3)2 complex. H3 is 22-hydrazone-imidazoline-2-yl-chol-5-ene-3β-ol, a well-known bioactive molecule functioning as a sterol Δ24-sterol methyl transferase (24-SMT) inhibitor. The ZnCl2(H3)2 complex was characterized by infrared, UV-vis, molar conductance measurements, elemental analysis, mass spectrometry, and NMR experiments. The biological results showed that the free ligand H3 and ZnCl2(H3)2 significantly inhibited the growth of promastigotes and intracellular amastigotes. The IC50 values found for H3 and ZnCl2(H3)2 were 5.2 µM and 2.5 µM for promastigotes, and 543 nM and 32 nM for intracellular amastigotes, respectively. Thus, the ZnCl2(H3)2 complex proved to be seventeen times more potent than the free ligand H3 against the intracellular amastigote, the clinically relevant stage. Furthermore, cytotoxicity assays and determination of selectivity index (SI) revealed that ZnCl2(H3)2 (CC50 = 5 μΜ, SI = 156) is more selective than H3 (CC50 = 10 μΜ, SI = 20). Furthermore, as H3 is a specific inhibitor of the 24-SMT, free sterol analysis was performed. The results showed that H3 was not only able to induce depletion of endogenous parasite sterols (episterol and 5-dehydroepisterol) and their replacement by 24-desalkyl sterols (cholesta-5,7,24-trien-3β-ol and cholesta-7,24-dien-3β-ol) but also its zinc derivative resulting in a loss of cell viability. Using electron microscopy, studies on the fine ultrastructure of the parasites showed significant differences between the control cells and parasites treated with H3 and ZnCl2(H3)2. The inhibitors induced membrane wrinkle, mitochondrial injury, and abnormal chromatin condensation changes that are more intense in the cells treated with ZnCl2(H3)2.
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Antimicrobial Activity of Some Steroidal Hydrazones. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28031167. [PMID: 36770834 PMCID: PMC9920613 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28031167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2022] [Revised: 01/15/2023] [Accepted: 01/17/2023] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Twelve steroid based hydrazones were in silico evaluated using computer program PASS as antimicrobial agents. The experimental evaluation revealed that all compounds have low to moderate antibacterial activity against all bacteria tested, except for B. cereus with MIC at a range of 0.37-3.00 mg/mL and MBC at 0.75-6.00 mg/mL. The most potent appeared to be compound 11 with MIC/MBC of 0.75/1.5 mg/mL, respectively. The evaluation of antibacterial activity against three resistant strains MRSA, E. coli and P. aeruginosa demonstrated superior activity of compounds against MRSA compared with ampicillin, which did not show bacteriostatic or bactericidal activities. All compounds exhibited good antifungal activity with MIC of 0.37-1.50 mg/mL and MFC of 1.50-3.00 mg/mL, but with different sensitivity against fungi tested. According to docking studies, 14-alpha demethylase inhibition may be responsible for antifungal activity. Two compounds were evaluated for their antibiofilm activity. Finally, drug-likeness and docking prediction were performed.
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Patel S, Bariya D, Mishra R, Mishra S. Bile acid-based receptors and their applications in recognition. Steroids 2022; 179:108981. [PMID: 35176289 DOI: 10.1016/j.steroids.2022.108981] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2021] [Revised: 01/13/2022] [Accepted: 02/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Ion recognition has attracted great attention in the past decades because of its important role in biology, medicine, environment, and chemistry. The combination of rigidity, curved structure and amphiphilic nature makes bile acids a host system for ion recognition. In addition, the availability of hydroxyl groups in bile acids can be used for further derivatization to develop various ion recognition receptors. The detection of ions is revealed by the binding constant ka value, log approach, and UV-visible or 1H NMR titration, while visual detection is determined by gel-phase transition, colorimetric and fluorescent probes. In this review, we have discussed the bile acid-based receptors and their ion-recognition capability. These bile acid-based systems have the potential for the development of anion transport for biological activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sejal Patel
- Department of Engineering and Physical Sciences, Institute of Advanced Research, Gujarat, 382426 India
| | - Dipakkumar Bariya
- Department of Engineering and Physical Sciences, Institute of Advanced Research, Gujarat, 382426 India
| | - Roli Mishra
- Department of Engineering and Physical Sciences, Institute of Advanced Research, Gujarat, 382426 India.
| | - Satyendra Mishra
- Department of Engineering and Physical Sciences, Institute of Advanced Research, Gujarat, 382426 India.
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Pourmanouchehri Z, Ebrahimi S, Limoee M, Jalilian F, Janfaza S, Vosoughi A, Behbood L. Controlled release of 5-fluorouracil to melanoma cells using a hydrogel/micelle composites based on deoxycholic acid and carboxymethyl chitosan. Int J Biol Macromol 2022; 206:159-166. [PMID: 35218806 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2022.02.096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2021] [Revised: 01/28/2022] [Accepted: 02/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
5-Fluorouracil (5-FU) is an antimetabolite drug widely used for the treatment of skin cancer. Despite its proven efficacy in treating malignancies, its systemic administration is limited due to severe side effects. To address this issue, topical delivery of 5-FU has been proposed as an alternative approach for the treatment of skin cancer, however, the poor permeability of 5-FU through the skin is still a challenge. Here, we introduced a pH-responsive micellar hydrogel system based on deoxycholic acid micelle (DCA Mic) and carboxymethyl chitosan hydrogel (CMC Hyd) to enhance 5-FU efficacy against skin cancer and reduce its systemic side effects by improving its delivery into the skin. The properties of the Mic/Hyd system were determined by Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), dynamic light scattering (DLS), zeta sizer, atomic force microscopy (AFM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Drug release studies showed pH-dependent properties of the Hyd. The final formulation was demonstrated to have enhanced anticancer activity than 5-FU against the growth of melanoma cells. The 5-FU@Mic-Hyd could be a promising delivery platform with enhanced efficacy in the management of skin cancer without systemic toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zahra Pourmanouchehri
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Health Institute, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Sayeh Ebrahimi
- Student Research Committee, School of Pharmacy, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Mazdak Limoee
- Nano Drug Delivery Research Center, School of Pharmacy, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Fereshteh Jalilian
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Health Institute, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Sajad Janfaza
- School of Engineering, University of British Columbia, Kelowna, BC, Canada; Departments of Biological Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2E9, Canada
| | - Amirhossein Vosoughi
- Student Research Committee, School of Pharmacy, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Leila Behbood
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Health Institute, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran; Nano Drug Delivery Research Center, School of Pharmacy, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran.
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Mistry S, Singh AK. Synthesis and in vitro antimicrobial activity of new steroidal hydrazone derivatives. FUTURE JOURNAL OF PHARMACEUTICAL SCIENCES 2022. [DOI: 10.1186/s43094-021-00391-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
For many years, various drugs have been used for the treatment of infectious diseases but some bacterial microorganisms have induced resistance to several drugs. In a search of new antimicrobial agents, a series of new steroidal hydrazones were designed and synthesized.
Result
The structures of the compounds were established based on the spectral data. The in vitro antimicrobial activity of some newly synthesized compounds against bacteria and fungi was studied.
Conclusion
New compounds showed better or similar antimicrobial activity. Designing more efficient steroidal hydrazones from ketosteroid based on the current study may successfully lead to the development of antimicrobial agent.
Graphical abstract
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Nadaraia NS, Kakhabrishvili ML, Barbakadze NN, Mshvildadze VD, Mulkidzhanyan KG, Pichette A. Synthesis and Cytotoxic Activity of 5α-Pregnanolone Hydrazones. Chem Nat Compd 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s10600-021-03370-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Bariya D, Anand V, Mishra S. Recent advances in the bile acid based conjugates/derivatives towards their gelation applications. Steroids 2021; 165:108769. [PMID: 33207227 DOI: 10.1016/j.steroids.2020.108769] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2020] [Revised: 10/05/2020] [Accepted: 11/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Bile acids have contributed immensely to hydrogel research due to their peculiar physicochemical properties and biocompatibility. The wide accessibility of bile acids and their straightforward derivatization methods make them attractive building blocks for the design of novel hydrogels systems to deliver biomolecules, drugs, and vaccines. This review conceptualizes recent developments in bile acid-based hydrogels and their applications. These bile-based hydrogels have the ability to absorb carbon dioxide efficiently and may potentially work as alternative materials for carbon dioxide capture and storage. The hydrogels hold great potential in medicine and biology applications as drug carriers and models for fundamental self-assembly in pathological conditions. Herein, we have summarized the efforts that have been made for the development of molecular hydrogels in terms of biocompatibility, therapeutic applications, and challenges associated with existing molecular hydrogels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dipakkumar Bariya
- Department of Engineering and Physical Sciences, Institute of Advanced Research, Gujarat 382426, India
| | - Vivek Anand
- Department of Engineering and Physical Sciences, Institute of Advanced Research, Gujarat 382426, India
| | - Satyendra Mishra
- Department of Engineering and Physical Sciences, Institute of Advanced Research, Gujarat 382426, India.
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S. Justo RM, Borba-Santos LP, Sade YB, Ferreira FHC, P. Rosa NM, Costa LAS, Visbal G, Rozental S, Navarro M. Synthesis, characterization and biological evaluation of zinc and copper azasterol complexes against Sporothrix brasiliensis. NEW J CHEM 2021. [DOI: 10.1039/d1nj03656d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Characterized zinc– and copper–azasterol complexes acting as promising antifungal agents against Sporothrix brasiliensis. Metal–drug synergism was effectively applied.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rodrigo M. S. Justo
- LaQBIC – Laboratório de Química Bioinorgânica e Catálise, Departamento de Química, ICE, Universidade Federal de Juiz de Fora, Juiz de Fora, MG, Brazil
| | - Luana Pereira Borba-Santos
- Laboratório de Biologica celular de Fungos, Instituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas Filho, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Youssef Bacila Sade
- DIMAV – Diretoria de Metrologia Aplicada às Ciências da Vida, Instituto Nacional de Metrologia, Qualidade e Tecnologia (INMETRO), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Frederico Henrique C. Ferreira
- NEQC – Núcleo de Estudos em Química Computacional, Departamento de Química, ICE, Universidade Federal de Juiz de Fora, Juiz de Fora, MG, Brazil
| | - Nathália M. P. Rosa
- NEQC – Núcleo de Estudos em Química Computacional, Departamento de Química, ICE, Universidade Federal de Juiz de Fora, Juiz de Fora, MG, Brazil
| | - Luiz Antônio S. Costa
- NEQC – Núcleo de Estudos em Química Computacional, Departamento de Química, ICE, Universidade Federal de Juiz de Fora, Juiz de Fora, MG, Brazil
| | - Gonzalo Visbal
- DIMAV – Diretoria de Metrologia Aplicada às Ciências da Vida, Instituto Nacional de Metrologia, Qualidade e Tecnologia (INMETRO), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Sonia Rozental
- Laboratório de Biologica celular de Fungos, Instituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas Filho, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Maribel Navarro
- LaQBIC – Laboratório de Química Bioinorgânica e Catálise, Departamento de Química, ICE, Universidade Federal de Juiz de Fora, Juiz de Fora, MG, Brazil
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do Carmo Silva L, de Oliveira AA, de Souza DR, Barbosa KLB, Freitas e Silva KS, Carvalho Júnior MAB, Rocha OB, Lima RM, Santos TG, Soares CMDA, Pereira M. Overview of Antifungal Drugs against Paracoccidioidomycosis: How Do We Start, Where Are We, and Where Are We Going? J Fungi (Basel) 2020; 6:jof6040300. [PMID: 33228010 PMCID: PMC7712482 DOI: 10.3390/jof6040300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2020] [Revised: 11/13/2020] [Accepted: 11/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Paracoccidioidomycosis is a neglected disease that causes economic and social impacts, mainly affecting people of certain social segments, such as rural workers. The limitations of antifungals, such as toxicity, drug interactions, restricted routes of administration, and the reduced bioavailability in target tissues, have become evident in clinical settings. These factors, added to the fact that Paracoccidioidomycosis (PCM) therapy is a long process, lasting from months to years, emphasize the need for the research and development of new molecules. Researchers have concentrated efforts on the identification of new compounds using numerous tools and targeting important proteins from Paracoccidioides, with the emphasis on enzymatic pathways absent in humans. This review aims to discuss the aspects related to the identification of compounds, methodologies, and perspectives when proposing new antifungal agents against PCM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lívia do Carmo Silva
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Goiás, Goiânia 74690-900, GO, Brazil; (A.A.d.O.); (D.R.d.S.); (K.L.B.B.); (K.S.F.eS.); (M.A.B.C.J.); (O.B.R.); (R.M.L.); (T.G.S.); (C.M.d.A.S.)
- Institute of Tropical Pathology and Public Health, Federal University of Goiás, Goiânia 74605-050, GO, Brazil
- Correspondence: (L.d.C.S.); (M.P.); Tel./Fax: +55-62-3521-1110 (M.P.)
| | - Amanda Alves de Oliveira
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Goiás, Goiânia 74690-900, GO, Brazil; (A.A.d.O.); (D.R.d.S.); (K.L.B.B.); (K.S.F.eS.); (M.A.B.C.J.); (O.B.R.); (R.M.L.); (T.G.S.); (C.M.d.A.S.)
- Institute of Tropical Pathology and Public Health, Federal University of Goiás, Goiânia 74605-050, GO, Brazil
| | - Dienny Rodrigues de Souza
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Goiás, Goiânia 74690-900, GO, Brazil; (A.A.d.O.); (D.R.d.S.); (K.L.B.B.); (K.S.F.eS.); (M.A.B.C.J.); (O.B.R.); (R.M.L.); (T.G.S.); (C.M.d.A.S.)
- Institute of Tropical Pathology and Public Health, Federal University of Goiás, Goiânia 74605-050, GO, Brazil
| | - Katheryne Lohany Barros Barbosa
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Goiás, Goiânia 74690-900, GO, Brazil; (A.A.d.O.); (D.R.d.S.); (K.L.B.B.); (K.S.F.eS.); (M.A.B.C.J.); (O.B.R.); (R.M.L.); (T.G.S.); (C.M.d.A.S.)
- Institute of Tropical Pathology and Public Health, Federal University of Goiás, Goiânia 74605-050, GO, Brazil
| | - Kleber Santiago Freitas e Silva
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Goiás, Goiânia 74690-900, GO, Brazil; (A.A.d.O.); (D.R.d.S.); (K.L.B.B.); (K.S.F.eS.); (M.A.B.C.J.); (O.B.R.); (R.M.L.); (T.G.S.); (C.M.d.A.S.)
| | - Marcos Antonio Batista Carvalho Júnior
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Goiás, Goiânia 74690-900, GO, Brazil; (A.A.d.O.); (D.R.d.S.); (K.L.B.B.); (K.S.F.eS.); (M.A.B.C.J.); (O.B.R.); (R.M.L.); (T.G.S.); (C.M.d.A.S.)
| | - Olívia Basso Rocha
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Goiás, Goiânia 74690-900, GO, Brazil; (A.A.d.O.); (D.R.d.S.); (K.L.B.B.); (K.S.F.eS.); (M.A.B.C.J.); (O.B.R.); (R.M.L.); (T.G.S.); (C.M.d.A.S.)
| | - Raisa Melo Lima
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Goiás, Goiânia 74690-900, GO, Brazil; (A.A.d.O.); (D.R.d.S.); (K.L.B.B.); (K.S.F.eS.); (M.A.B.C.J.); (O.B.R.); (R.M.L.); (T.G.S.); (C.M.d.A.S.)
- Institute of Tropical Pathology and Public Health, Federal University of Goiás, Goiânia 74605-050, GO, Brazil
| | - Thaynara Gonzaga Santos
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Goiás, Goiânia 74690-900, GO, Brazil; (A.A.d.O.); (D.R.d.S.); (K.L.B.B.); (K.S.F.eS.); (M.A.B.C.J.); (O.B.R.); (R.M.L.); (T.G.S.); (C.M.d.A.S.)
- Institute of Tropical Pathology and Public Health, Federal University of Goiás, Goiânia 74605-050, GO, Brazil
| | - Célia Maria de Almeida Soares
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Goiás, Goiânia 74690-900, GO, Brazil; (A.A.d.O.); (D.R.d.S.); (K.L.B.B.); (K.S.F.eS.); (M.A.B.C.J.); (O.B.R.); (R.M.L.); (T.G.S.); (C.M.d.A.S.)
| | - Maristela Pereira
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Goiás, Goiânia 74690-900, GO, Brazil; (A.A.d.O.); (D.R.d.S.); (K.L.B.B.); (K.S.F.eS.); (M.A.B.C.J.); (O.B.R.); (R.M.L.); (T.G.S.); (C.M.d.A.S.)
- Correspondence: (L.d.C.S.); (M.P.); Tel./Fax: +55-62-3521-1110 (M.P.)
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Mishra R, Mishra S. Updates in bile acid-bioactive molecule conjugates and their applications. Steroids 2020; 159:108639. [PMID: 32222373 DOI: 10.1016/j.steroids.2020.108639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2019] [Revised: 12/28/2019] [Accepted: 03/21/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Bile acid conjugates are emerging as important chemical resources due to their low cost and wide availability of bile acids, making them privileged molecules in drug carrier systems and building blocks for derivatization and chiral template introduction into bioactive molecules. In recent years, bile acids as scaffolds in supramolecular, medicinal, and material chemistry attracted prime focus of researchers as an area of research to be followed with passion. Due to peculiar physicochemical and biological properties, bile acid exhibited various applications in biomedical and pharmaceutical fields. In this review, the bile acid conjugations with different bioactive compounds have been discussed to understand their influence on the bioavailability of bioactive compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roli Mishra
- Department of Physical Sciences, Institute of Advanced Research, Gandhinagar, Gujarat 382007, India
| | - Satyendra Mishra
- Department of Physical Sciences, Institute of Advanced Research, Gandhinagar, Gujarat 382007, India.
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Mishra S, Patel S. Design, Synthesis, and Anti-bacterial Activity of Novel Deoxycholic Acid- Amino Alcohol Conjugates. Med Chem 2020; 16:385-391. [DOI: 10.2174/1573406415666190206231002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2018] [Revised: 12/31/2018] [Accepted: 01/28/2019] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Background:
Numerous synthetic bile acid derivatives have been recognized for their
various biological activities. Among these, bile acid amides have emerged as an attractive antibacterial
agent. We herein illustrate the synthesis and antibacterial evaluation of deoxycholic acidamino
alcohols conjugates.
Objective:
Design and Synthesis of novel deoxycholic acid-amino alcohol conjugates to investigate
their antibacterial activity against E. coli and S. aureus.
Methods:
Novel deoxycholic acid-amino alcohol conjugates were synthesized, from conjugation
of deoxycholic acid-NHS ester with amino alcohols. Various amino alcohols moieties were appended
to the C24 position of deoxycholic acid to yield deoxycholic acid-amino alcohol conjugates.
All the synthesized compounds were characterized by 1H NMR, 13C NMR, IR and massspectroscopy.
The entire synthesized deoxycholic acid-amino alcohol conjugates were evaluated
for their antibacterial activity against E. coli and S. aureus using the broth dilution method.
Results:
The outcome illustrated that some of the novel deoxycholic acid-amino alcohol
conjugates exhibited enhanced anti-bacterial activities. Amongst them, deoxycholic acid-amino
alcohol conjugate containing (-R)-2-aminocyclohexanol (1) demonstrated promising efficacy
against both strains S. aureus ATCC 25923 (MIC 15 μg/mL) and E. coli ATCC 25922 (MIC 45
μg/mL) and was identified as a lead molecule.
Conclusion:
Numbers of novel deoxycholic acid-amino alcohol conjugates were synthesized and
their antimicrobial activities provided useful information that the potency was strongly depending
on the structures of deoxycholic acid-amino alcohol conjugates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Satyendra Mishra
- Department of Chemistry, Centre for Engineering and Enterprise, Institute of Advanced Research, Koba Institutional, Area Gandhinagar, Gujarat, 382426, India
| | - Sejal Patel
- Department of Chemistry, Centre for Engineering and Enterprise, Institute of Advanced Research, Koba Institutional, Area Gandhinagar, Gujarat, 382426, India
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Oliveira FFM, Paes HC, Peconick LDF, Fonseca FL, Marina CLF, Bocca AL, Homem-de-Mello M, Rodrigues ML, Albuquerque P, Nicola AM, Alspaugh JA, Felipe MSS, Fernandes L. Erg6 affects membrane composition and virulence of the human fungal pathogen Cryptococcus neoformans. Fungal Genet Biol 2020; 140:103368. [PMID: 32201128 DOI: 10.1016/j.fgb.2020.103368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2019] [Revised: 02/12/2020] [Accepted: 02/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Ergosterol is the most important membrane sterol in fungal cells and a component not found in the membranes of human cells. We identified the ERG6 gene in the AIDS-associated fungal pathogen, Cryptococcus neoformans, encoding the sterol C-24 methyltransferase of fungal ergosterol biosynthesis. In this work, we have explored its relationship with high-temperature growth and virulence of C. neoformans by the construction of a loss-of-function mutant. In contrast to other genes involved in ergosterol biosynthesis, C. neoformans ERG6 is not essential for growth under permissive conditions in vitro. However, the erg6 mutant displayed impaired thermotolerance and increased susceptibility to osmotic and oxidative stress, as well as to different antifungal drugs. Total lipid analysis demonstrated a decrease in the erg6Δ strain membrane ergosterol content. In addition, this mutant strain was avirulent in an invertebrate model of C. neoformans infection. C. neoformans Erg6 was cyto-localized in the endoplasmic reticulum and Golgi complex. Our results demonstrate that Erg6 is crucial for growth at high temperature and virulence, likely due to its effects on C. neoformans membrane integrity and dynamics. These pathogen-focused investigations into ergosterol biosynthetic pathway components reinforce the multiple roles of ergosterol in the response of diverse fungal species to alterations in the environment, especially that of the infected host. These studies open perspectives to understand the participation of ergosterol in mechanism of resistance to azole and polyene drugs. Observed synergistic growth defects with co-inhibition of Erg6 and other components of the ergosterol biosynthesis pathway suggests novel approaches to treatment in human fungal infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabiana Freire M Oliveira
- Faculty of Medicine, Campus Darcy Ribeiro, University of Brasília, Asa Norte, Brasília, Federal District 70910-900, Brazil
| | - Hugo Costa Paes
- Faculty of Medicine, Campus Darcy Ribeiro, University of Brasília, Asa Norte, Brasília, Federal District 70910-900, Brazil
| | - Luísa Defranco F Peconick
- Faculty of Ceilândia, Campus UnB Ceilândia, University of Brasília, Ceilândia Sul, Centro Metropolitano, Brasília, Federal District 72220-275, Brazil
| | - Fernanda L Fonseca
- Center for Technological Development in Health (CDTS), Fiocruz-RJ, Rio de Janeiro 21045-360, Brazil.
| | - Clara Luna Freitas Marina
- Laboratory of Applied Immunology, Institute of Biology, Room J1 28/8, Building J, 2nd Floor, Campus Darcy Ribeiro, University of Brasília, Asa Norte, Brasilia, Federal District 70910-900, Brazil
| | - Anamélia Lorenzetti Bocca
- Laboratory of Applied Immunology, Institute of Biology, Room J1 28/8, Building J, 2nd Floor, Campus Darcy Ribeiro, University of Brasília, Asa Norte, Brasilia, Federal District 70910-900, Brazil.
| | - Mauricio Homem-de-Mello
- Faculty of Health Science, Campus Darcy Ribeiro, University of Brasília, Asa Norte, Brasília, Federal District 70910-900, Brazil.
| | - Márcio Lourenço Rodrigues
- Carlos Chagas Institute, Fiocruz-PR, Curitiba 81310-020, Brazil; Microbiology Institute, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 21941-590, Brazil
| | - Patrícia Albuquerque
- Faculty of Ceilândia, Campus UnB Ceilândia, University of Brasília, Ceilândia Sul, Centro Metropolitano, Brasília, Federal District 72220-275, Brazil
| | - André Moraes Nicola
- Faculty of Medicine, Campus Darcy Ribeiro, University of Brasília, Asa Norte, Brasília, Federal District 70910-900, Brazil
| | - J Andrew Alspaugh
- Duke University School of Medicine, Dept. of Medicine, Durham, DUMC Box 102359, 303 Sands Building, Research Drive, Durham, NC 27710, USA.
| | - Maria Sueli S Felipe
- Catolic University of Brasilia, Campus Asa Norte, SGAN 916 Módulo B Avenida W5, Asa Norte, Brasília, Federal District 70790-160, Brazil
| | - Larissa Fernandes
- Faculty of Ceilândia, Campus UnB Ceilândia, University of Brasília, Ceilândia Sul, Centro Metropolitano, Brasília, Federal District 72220-275, Brazil; Laboratory of Applied Immunology, Institute of Biology, Room J1 28/8, Building J, 2nd Floor, Campus Darcy Ribeiro, University of Brasília, Asa Norte, Brasilia, Federal District 70910-900, Brazil.
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Nicola AM, Albuquerque P, Paes HC, Fernandes L, Costa FF, Kioshima ES, Abadio AKR, Bocca AL, Felipe MS. Antifungal drugs: New insights in research & development. Pharmacol Ther 2018; 195:21-38. [PMID: 30347212 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2018.10.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
The need for better antifungal therapy is commonly accepted in view of the high mortality rates associated with systemic infections, the low number of available antifungal classes, their associated toxicity and the increasing number of infections caused by strains with natural or acquired resistance. The urgency to expand the range of therapeutic options for the treatment of fungal infections has led researchers in recent decades to seek alternative antifungal targets when compared to the conventional ones currently used. Although new potential targets are reported, translating the discoveries from bench to bedside is a long process and most of these drugs fail to reach the patients. In this review, we discuss the development of antifungal drugs focusing on the approach of drug repurposing and the search for novel drugs for classical targets, the most recently described gene targets for drug development, the possibilities of immunotherapy using antibodies, cytokines, therapeutic vaccines and antimicrobial peptides.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Patrícia Albuquerque
- Faculty of Ceilândia, University of Brasília, Brazil; Graduate Programme in Microbial Biology, University of Brasília, Brazil
| | - Hugo Costa Paes
- Division of Clinical Medicine, University of Brasília Medical School, Brazil
| | - Larissa Fernandes
- Faculty of Ceilândia, University of Brasília, Brazil; Graduate Programme in Microbial Biology, University of Brasília, Brazil
| | - Fabricio F Costa
- Graduate Programme in Genomic Science and Biotechnology, Catholic University of Brasília, Brazil; MATTER, Chicago, IL, USA; Cancer Biology and Epigenomics Program, Ann & Robert Lurie Children's Hospital of Chicago Research Center, Northwestern University's Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Erika Seki Kioshima
- Department of Clinical Analysis and Biomedicine, State University of Maringá, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Ana Karina Rodrigues Abadio
- School for Applied Social and Agricultural Sciences, State University of Mato Grosso, Nova Mutum Campus, Mato Grosso, Brazil
| | | | - Maria Sueli Felipe
- Graduate Programme in Genomic Science and Biotechnology, Catholic University of Brasília, Brazil; Department of Cell Biology, Institute of Biological Sciences, University of Brasília, Brazil.
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15
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Komkov AV, Chizhov AO, Shashkov AS, Zavarzin IV. Synthesis of androsteno[17,16-d]pyrazoles and androsteno[17,16-d]-2′-pyrazolines with pyrazolo[3,4-d]pyrimidine fragments. Russ Chem Bull 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s11172-018-2185-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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16
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New cholic acid analogs: synthesis and 17 β-hydroxydehydrogenase (17 β-HSD) inhibition activity. ZEITSCHRIFT FUR NATURFORSCHUNG SECTION B-A JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL SCIENCES 2018. [DOI: 10.1515/znb-2018-0192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
The 17β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (17β-HSD) enzyme family is involved in the biosynthesis of active steroids and its inhibition constitutes an interesting approach for treating estrogen-, androgen-dependent cancers and osteoporosis. In this study, a new series of cholic acid analogs was designed with the goal of improving the biological activity as 17β-HSD1 and 17β-HSD2 inhibitors. To this end, 23-cholyl amides 4–7, 3-O-p-toluenesulfonyl-23-cholyl amides 10–12, 23-cholyl-carbohydrazide 14, carbothioamide analog 15, and 23-cholyl-acylhydrazone derivatives 18–22 were synthesized from cholic acid (3) via coupling, sulfonation and substitution reactions. Basic treatment of keto group of 5 with p-bromoaniline afforded 8, meanwhile acidic treatment of 3 with thiosemicarbazide furnished the 23-cholyl-thiadiazole derivative 16. The synthesized compounds were evaluated for their inhibition activity against 17β-HSD1 and 17β-HSD2, and were found inactive at 1.0 μm concentration (inhibition <10%). However, the steroids 12, 21 and 22 showed inhibition of 21.1, 23.9 and 21.3%, respectively, against 17β-HSD2 at the same concentration. Therefore, these steroidal analogs can be further structurally modified to optimize their inhibition activity against 17β-HSD2 for the development of potential therapeutics.
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17
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Kozanecka-Okupnik W, Jasiewicz B, Pospieszny T, Matuszak M, Mrówczyńska L. Haemolytic activity of formyl- and acetyl-derivatives of bile acids and their gramine salts. Steroids 2017; 126:50-56. [PMID: 28711706 DOI: 10.1016/j.steroids.2017.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2017] [Revised: 06/13/2017] [Accepted: 07/10/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Bile acids (lithocholic: LCA, deoxycholic: DCA and cholic: CA) and their formyl- and acetyl-derivatives can be used as starting material in chemical synthesis of compounds with different biological activity strongly depended on their chemical structures. Our previous studies showed that biological activity of bile acids salts with gramine toward human erythrocytes was significantly different from the activity of bile acids alone. Moreover, gramine effectively modified the membrane perturbing activity of other steroids. As a continuation of our work, the haemolytic activity of formyl- and acetyl-substituet bile acids as well as their gramine salts was studied in vitro. The structures of new compounds were confirmed by spectral (NMR, FT-IR) analysis, mass spectrometry (ESI-MS) as well as PM5 semiempirical methods. The results shown that the haemolytic activity of formyl- and acetyl-LCA and DCA was significantly higher in comparison with their native forms at the whole concentration range. At high concentration, formyl derivative of CA was as effective as LCA and DCA derivatives whereas at lower concentration its haemolytic activity was at the level of original acid. The acetyl-CA was not active as membrane perturbing agents. Furthermore, gramine significantly decreased the membrane-perturbing activity of hydrophobic bile acids derivatives. The results obtained with the cellular system are in line with physicochemical calculation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Beata Jasiewicz
- Faculty of Chemistry, Adam Mickiewicz University, Umultowska 89b, 61-614 Poznań, Poland.
| | - Tomasz Pospieszny
- Faculty of Chemistry, Adam Mickiewicz University, Umultowska 89b, 61-614 Poznań, Poland
| | - Monika Matuszak
- Department of Cell Biology, Faculty of Biology, Adam Mickiewicz University, Umultowska 89, 61-614 Poznań, Poland
| | - Lucyna Mrówczyńska
- Department of Cell Biology, Faculty of Biology, Adam Mickiewicz University, Umultowska 89, 61-614 Poznań, Poland.
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18
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Mendes G, Gonçalves VN, Souza-Fagundes EM, Kohlhoff M, Rosa CA, Zani CL, Cota BB, Rosa LH, Johann S. Antifungal activity of extracts from Atacama Desert fungi against Paracoccidioides brasiliensis and identification of Aspergillus felis as a promising source of natural bioactive compounds. Mem Inst Oswaldo Cruz 2016; 111:209-17. [PMID: 27008375 PMCID: PMC4804504 DOI: 10.1590/0074-02760150451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2015] [Accepted: 02/15/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Fungi of the genus Paracoccidioides are responsible for
paracoccidioidomycosis. The occurrence of drug toxicity and relapse in this disease
justify the development of new antifungal agents. Compounds extracted from fungal
extract have showing antifungal activity. Extracts of 78 fungi isolated from rocks of
the Atacama Desert were tested in a microdilution assay against
Paracoccidioides brasiliensis Pb18. Approximately 18% (5) of the
extracts showed minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) values≤ 125.0
µg/mL. Among these, extract from the fungus UFMGCB 8030 demonstrated the best
results, with an MIC of 15.6 µg/mL. This isolate was identified as
Aspergillus felis (by macro and micromorphologies, and internal
transcribed spacer, β-tubulin, and ribosomal polymerase II gene analyses) and was
grown in five different culture media and extracted with various solvents to optimise
its antifungal activity. Potato dextrose agar culture and dichloromethane extraction
resulted in an MIC of 1.9 µg/mL against P. brasiliensis and did not
show cytotoxicity at the concentrations tested in normal mammalian cell (Vero). This
extract was subjected to bioassay-guided fractionation using analytical
C18RP-high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and an antifungal assay using
P. brasiliensis. Analysis of the active fractions by HPLC-high
resolution mass spectrometry allowed us to identify the antifungal agents present in
the A. felis extracts cytochalasins. These results reveal the
potential of A. felis as a producer of bioactive compounds with
antifungal activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Graziele Mendes
- Departamento de Microbiologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brasil
| | - Vívian N Gonçalves
- Departamento de Microbiologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brasil
| | - Elaine M Souza-Fagundes
- Departamento de Fisiologia e Biofísica, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brasil
| | - Markus Kohlhoff
- Laboratório de Química de Produtos Naturais, Centro de Pesquisa René Rachou, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brasil
| | - Carlos A Rosa
- Departamento de Microbiologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brasil
| | - Carlos L Zani
- Laboratório de Química de Produtos Naturais, Centro de Pesquisa René Rachou, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brasil
| | - Betania B Cota
- Laboratório de Química de Produtos Naturais, Centro de Pesquisa René Rachou, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brasil
| | - Luiz H Rosa
- Departamento de Microbiologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brasil
| | - Susana Johann
- Departamento de Microbiologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brasil
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Cateni F, Zacchigna M, Procida G, Zilic J, Cordone A, Zanfardino A, Varcamonti M. Cholane and Lanostane Derivatives: Antimicrobial Evaluation. ChemistrySelect 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.201600556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- F. Cateni
- Department of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences; University of Trieste, P.zle Europa, 1; 34127 Trieste Italy
| | - M. Zacchigna
- Department of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences; University of Trieste, P.zle Europa, 1; 34127 Trieste Italy
| | - G. Procida
- Department of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences; University of Trieste, P.zle Europa, 1; 34127 Trieste Italy
| | - J. Zilic
- Department of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences; University of Trieste, P.zle Europa, 1; 34127 Trieste Italy
| | - A. Cordone
- Department of Biology; University of Naples Federico II; Complesso Universitario di Monte S. Angelo; Via Cinthia - Edificio 7 80126 Napoli Italy
| | - A. Zanfardino
- Department of Biology; University of Naples Federico II; Complesso Universitario di Monte S. Angelo; Via Cinthia - Edificio 7 80126 Napoli Italy
| | - M. Varcamonti
- Department of Biology; University of Naples Federico II; Complesso Universitario di Monte S. Angelo; Via Cinthia - Edificio 7 80126 Napoli Italy
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20
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Ngo HX, Garneau-Tsodikova S, Green KD. A complex game of hide and seek: the search for new antifungals. MEDCHEMCOMM 2016; 7:1285-1306. [PMID: 27766140 PMCID: PMC5067021 DOI: 10.1039/c6md00222f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Fungal infections directly affect millions of people each year. In addition to the invasive fungal infections of humans, the plants and animals that comprise our primary food source are also susceptible to diseases caused by these eukaryotic microbes. The need for antifungals, not only for our medical needs, but also for use in agriculture and livestock causes a high demand for novel antimycotics. Herein, we provide an overview of the most commonly used antifungals in medicine and agriculture. We also present a summary of the recent progress (from 2010-2016) in the discovery/development of new agents against fungal strains of medical/agricultural relevance, as well as information related to their biological activity, their mode(s) of action, and their mechanism(s) of resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huy X. Ngo
- University of Kentucky, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, 789 South Limestone Street, Lexington, KY, USA. Fax: 859-257-7585; Tel: 859-218-1686
| | - Sylvie Garneau-Tsodikova
- University of Kentucky, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, 789 South Limestone Street, Lexington, KY, USA. Fax: 859-257-7585; Tel: 859-218-1686
| | - Keith D. Green
- University of Kentucky, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, 789 South Limestone Street, Lexington, KY, USA. Fax: 859-257-7585; Tel: 859-218-1686
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21
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Cordeiro RDA, de Melo CVS, Marques FJDF, Serpa R, Evangelista AJDJ, Caetano EP, Mafezoli J, de Oliveira MDCF, da Silva MR, Bandeira TDJPG, Moreira JLB, Brilhante RSN, Rocha MFG, Sidrim JJC. Synthesis and in vitro antifungal activity of isoniazid-derived hydrazones against Coccidioides posadasii. Microb Pathog 2016; 98:1-5. [PMID: 27334293 DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2016.06.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2016] [Revised: 05/04/2016] [Accepted: 06/17/2016] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Coccidioidomycosis is a potentially severe infection caused by dimorphic fungi Coccidioides immitis and Coccidioides posadasii. Although guidelines are well established, refractory disease is a matter of concern in the clinical management of coccidioidomycosis. In the present study three isoniazid-derived hydrazones N'-[(E)-1-(4-methoxyphenyl)ethylidene]pyridine-4-carbohydrazide, N'-[(E)-1-(4-methylphenyl)ethylidene]pyridine-4-carbohydrazide, and N'-[(E)-1-(phenyl)ethylidene]pyridine-4-carbohydrazide were synthesized and evaluated for antifungal activity against C. posadasii. Susceptibility assays were performed by macrodilution testing. Interactions between the hydrazones and amphotericin B or itraconazole were evaluated by the checkerboard method. We also investigated the impairment of such compounds on cell ergosterol and membrane integrity. The synthesized molecules were able to inhibit C. posadasii in vitro with MIC values that ranged from 25 to 400 μg/mL. Drug interactions between synthesized molecules and amphotericin B proved synergistic for the majority of tested isolates; regarding itraconazole, synergism was observed only when strains were tested against N'-[(E)-1-(phenyl)ethylidene]pyridine-4-carbohydrazide. Reduction of cellular ergosterol was observed when strains were challenged with the hydrazones alone or combined with antifungals. Only N'-[(E)-1-(4-methylphenyl)ethylidene]pyridine-4-carbohydrazide altered membrane permeability of C. posadasii cells. Isoniazid-derived hydrazones were able to inhibit C. posadasii cells causing reduction of ergosterol content and alterations in the permeability of cell membrane. This study confirms the antifungal potential of hydrazones against pathogenic fungi.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Rosana Serpa
- Specialized Medical Mycology Center, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil
| | | | - Erica Pacheco Caetano
- Specialized Medical Mycology Center, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil
| | - Jair Mafezoli
- Department of Organic and Inorganic Chemistry, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil
| | | | - Marcos Reinaldo da Silva
- Department of Organic and Inorganic Chemistry, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil
| | | | | | | | - Marcos Fábio Gadelha Rocha
- Specialized Medical Mycology Center, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil; Graduate Program in Veterinary Science, State University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil
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Borba-Santos LP, Visbal G, Gagini T, Rodrigues AM, de Camargo ZP, Lopes-Bezerra LM, Ishida K, de Souza W, Rozental S. Δ(24)-Sterol Methyltransferase Plays an Important Role in the Growth and Development of Sporothrix schenckii and Sporothrix brasiliensis. Front Microbiol 2016; 7:311. [PMID: 27014234 PMCID: PMC4786573 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2016.00311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2016] [Accepted: 02/26/2016] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Inhibition of Δ24-sterol methyltransferase (24-SMT) in Sporothrix schenckii sensu stricto and Sporothrix brasiliensis was investigated in vitro. The effects on fungal growth and sterol composition of the 24-SMT inhibitor 22-hydrazone-imidazolin-2-yl-chol-5-ene-3β-ol (H3) were compared to those of itraconazole. MIC and MFC analysis showed that H3 was more effective than itraconazole against both species in both their filamentous and yeast forms. H3 showed fungistatic activity in a time-kill assay, with inhibitory activity stronger than that of itraconazole. GC analysis of cell sterol composition showed that sterols present in control cells (ergosterol and precursors) were completely replaced by 14α-methylated sterols after H3 exposure. Itraconazole only partially inhibited ergosterol synthesis but completely arrested synthesis of other sterols found in control cells, promoting accumulation of nine 14α-methyl sterols. Based on these results, we propose a schematic model of sterol biosynthesis pathways in S. schenckii and S. brasiliensis. Effects on cell morphology due to 24-SMT inhibition by H3 as analyzed by SEM and TEM included irregular cell shape, reduced cytoplasmic electron-density, and reduced thickness of the microfibrillar cell wall layer. Moreover, 24-SMT inhibition by H3 promoted mitochondrial disturbance, as demonstrated by alterations in MitoTracker® Red CMXRos fluorescence intensity evaluated by flow cytometry. When used in conjunction with itraconazole, H3 enhanced the effectiveness of itraconazole against all tested strains, reducing at least half (or more) the MIC values of itraconazole. In addition, cytotoxicity assays revealed that H3 was more selective toward these fungi than was itraconazole. Thus, 24-SMT inhibition by H3 was an effective antifungal strategy against S. schenckii and S. brasiliensis. Inhibition of the methylation reaction catalyzed by 24-SMT has a strong antiproliferative effect via disruption of ergosterol homeostasis, suggesting that this enzyme is a promising target for novel antifungal therapies against sporotrichosis, either as sole treatments or in combination with itraconazole.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luana P Borba-Santos
- Laboratório de Biologia Celular de Fungos, Instituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas Filho, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Gonzalo Visbal
- Instituto Nacional de Metrologia, Qualidade e TecnologiaDuque de Caxias, Brazil; Instituto Venezolano de Investigaciones CientíficasCaracas, Venezuela
| | - Thalita Gagini
- Laboratório de Biologia Celular de Fungos, Instituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas Filho, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Anderson M Rodrigues
- Departamento de Microbiologia, Imunologia e Parasitologia, Universidade Federal de São Paulo São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Zoilo P de Camargo
- Departamento de Microbiologia, Imunologia e Parasitologia, Universidade Federal de São Paulo São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Leila M Lopes-Bezerra
- Departamento de Biologia Celular, Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Kelly Ishida
- Departamento de Microbiologia, Universidade de São Paulo São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Wanderley de Souza
- Laboratório de Ultraestrutura Celular Hertha Meyer, Instituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas Filho, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Sonia Rozental
- Laboratório de Biologia Celular de Fungos, Instituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas Filho, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
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Trypanocidal activity of organic extracts from the Brazilian and Spanish marine sponges. REVISTA BRASILEIRA DE FARMACOGNOSIA-BRAZILIAN JOURNAL OF PHARMACOGNOSY 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bjp.2015.08.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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24
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25
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Flasiński M, Wydro P, Broniatowski M, Hąc-Wydro K, Fontaine P. Crucial Role of the Double Bond Isomerism in the Steroid B-Ring on the Membrane Properties of Sterols. Grazing Incidence X-Ray Diffraction and Brewster Angle Microscopy Studies. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2015; 31:7364-7373. [PMID: 26061794 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.5b00896] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Three cholesterol precursors-desmosterol, zymosterol, and lanosterol-were comprehensively characterized in monolayers formed at the air/water interface. The studies were based on registration of the surface pressure (π)-area (A) isotherms complemented with in situ analysis performed with application of modern physicochemical techniques: grazing incidence X-ray diffraction (GIXD) and Brewster angle microscopy (BAM). In this approach we were interested in the correlation between molecular structures of the studied sterols found in the cholesterol biosynthetic pathway and their membrane properties. Our results revealed that only desmosterol behaves in Langmuir monolayers comparably to cholesterol, the molecules of which arrange in the monolayers into a hexagonal lattice, while the two remaining sterols possess extremely different properties. We found that molecules of both zymosterol and lanosterol are organized on the water surface in the two-dimensional oblique unit cells despite the fact that they are oriented perpendicular to the monolayer plane. The comparison of chemical structures of the investigated sterols leads to the conclusion that the only structural motive that can be responsible for such unusual behavior is the double bond in the B sterol ring, which is located in desmosterol in a different position from in the other two sterols. This issue, which was neglected in the scientific literature, seems to have crucial importance for sterol activity in biomembranes. We showed that this structural modification in sterol molecules is directly responsible for their adaptation to proper functioning in biomembranes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michał Flasiński
- †Department of Environmental Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 3, 30-387, Kraków, Poland
| | - Paweł Wydro
- ‡Department of Physical Chemistry and Electrochemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Jagiellonian University, Ingardena 3, 30-060, Kraków, Poland
| | - Marcin Broniatowski
- †Department of Environmental Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 3, 30-387, Kraków, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Hąc-Wydro
- †Department of Environmental Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 3, 30-387, Kraków, Poland
| | - Philippe Fontaine
- §Synchrotron Soleil, L'Orme des Merisiers, Saint Aubin, BP 48, 91192 Gif-sur-Yvette Cedex, France
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dos Santos JA, Polonini HC, Suzuki ÉY, Raposo NRB, da Silva AD. Synthesis of conjugated bile acids/azastilbenes as potential antioxidant and photoprotective agents. Steroids 2015; 98:114-21. [PMID: 25814069 DOI: 10.1016/j.steroids.2015.03.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2014] [Revised: 02/09/2015] [Accepted: 03/12/2015] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
A series of 14 bile acids/azastilbenes conjugates (1a-g and 2a-g) was prepared through the condensation of bile amides (1 and 2) and aromatic aldehydes. The newly synthesized conjugates were evaluated in vitro for their antioxidant and photoprotective activities. Six compounds (1, 1a, 1b, 2, 2a and 2b) showed promising antioxidant activity with IC50 values of 19.60-31.83 μg mL(-1). The synthesized compounds presented a varied photoprotection profile, with the SPF ranging from 2 to 9. Among the 16 compounds tested for the protection against UVB sunrays, 3 compounds (2c, 2e and 2g) presented more significant protection than resveratrol and the free azastilbene 3; while the UVAPF increased from 2 in resveratrol and 5 in 3 to 5-11 in the majority of the conjugates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juliana Alves dos Santos
- Departamento de Química, Universidade Federal de Juiz de Fora, Campus Universitário, Juiz de Fora 36036-900, Brazil.
| | - Hudson Caetano Polonini
- NUPICS Núcleo de Pesquisa e Inovação em Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal de Juiz de Fora, Juiz de Fora, MG 36036-900, Brazil; Chemical and Food Engineering Department, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, SC 88040-090, Brazil
| | - Érika Yoko Suzuki
- NUPICS Núcleo de Pesquisa e Inovação em Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal de Juiz de Fora, Juiz de Fora, MG 36036-900, Brazil
| | - Nádia R B Raposo
- NUPICS Núcleo de Pesquisa e Inovação em Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal de Juiz de Fora, Juiz de Fora, MG 36036-900, Brazil
| | - Adilson David da Silva
- Departamento de Química, Universidade Federal de Juiz de Fora, Campus Universitário, Juiz de Fora 36036-900, Brazil
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Popov LD, Levchenkov SI, Zubenko AA, Shcherbakov IN, Fetisov LN, Bodryakov AN, Maevskii OV, Kogan VA. Synthesis, Protistocidal and Antibacterial Activities of 2′-Imidazolinylhydrazones of Mono- and Dicarboxylic Acids. Pharm Chem J 2015. [DOI: 10.1007/s11094-015-1215-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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de Aguiar Cordeiro R, de Farias Marques FJ, de Aguiar Cordeiro R, da Silva MR, Donato Maia Malaquias A, Silva de Melo CV, Mafezoli J, Ferreira de Oliveira MDC, Nogueira Brilhante RS, Gadelha Rocha MF, Pinheiro Gomes Bandeira TDJ, Costa Sidrim JJ. Synthesis and antifungal activity in vitro of isoniazid derivatives against histoplasma capsulatum var. capsulatum. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2014; 58:2504-11. [PMID: 24514090 PMCID: PMC3993233 DOI: 10.1128/aac.01654-13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2013] [Accepted: 12/30/2013] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Histoplasmosis is a severe infection that affects millions of patients worldwide and is endemic in the Americas. Amphotericin B (AMB) and itraconazole are highly effective for the treatment of severe and milder forms of the disease, but AMB is toxic, and the bioavailability of itraconazole is erratic. Therefore, it is important to investigate new classes of drugs for histoplasmosis treatment. In this study, a series of nine isoniazid hydrazone derivatives were synthesized and evaluated for their antifungal activities in vitro against the dimorphic fungus Histoplasma capsulatum var. capsulatum. The drugs were tested by microdilution in accordance with CLSI guidelines. The compound N'-(1-phenylethylidene)isonicotinohydrazide had the lowest MIC range of all the compounds for the yeast and filamentous forms of H. capsulatum. The in vitro synergy of this compound with AMB against the planktonic and biofilm forms of H. capsulatum cells was assessed by the checkerboard method. The effects of this hydrazone on cellular ergosterol content and membrane integrity were also investigated. The study showed that the compound alone is able to reduce the ergosterol content of planktonic cells and can alter the membrane permeability of the fungus. Furthermore, the compound alone or in combination with AMB showed inhibitory effects against mature biofilms of H. capsulatum. N'-(1-Phenylethylidene)isonicotinohydrazide alone or combined with AMB might be of interest in the management of histoplasmosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rossana de Aguiar Cordeiro
- Postgraduate Program in Medical Microbiology, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil
- Postgraduate Program in Medical Sciences, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil
| | | | | | - Marcos Reinaldo da Silva
- Department of Organic and Inorganic Chemistry, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil
| | | | | | - Jair Mafezoli
- Department of Organic and Inorganic Chemistry, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil
| | | | - Raimunda Sâmia Nogueira Brilhante
- Postgraduate Program in Medical Microbiology, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil
- Postgraduate Program in Medical Sciences, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil
| | - Marcos Fábio Gadelha Rocha
- Postgraduate Program in Medical Microbiology, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil
- Postgraduate Program in Medical Sciences, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil
- Graduate Program in Veterinary Science, State University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil
| | - Tereza de Jesus Pinheiro Gomes Bandeira
- Postgraduate Program in Medical Microbiology, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil
- Christus College, School of Medicine, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil
| | - José Júlio Costa Sidrim
- Postgraduate Program in Medical Microbiology, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil
- Postgraduate Program in Medical Sciences, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil
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Popov LD, Levchenkov SI, Shcherbakov IN, Tsaturyan AA, Askalepova OI, Maevskii OV, Zubenko AA, Kogan VA. Synthesis, physicochemical study, and quantum-chemical simulation of hydrazones based on 2-hydrazinoimidazoline. RUSS J GEN CHEM+ 2014. [DOI: 10.1134/s1070363214040124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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Popov LD, Levchenkov SI, Shcherbakov IN, Aleksandrov GG, Tsaturyan AA, Beloborodov SS, Maevskii OV, Kogan VA. Structure and magnetic properties of binuclear copper(II) complexes with 2,6-diformyl-4-tert-butylphenol bis(imidazolinyl)hydrazone. RUSS J GEN CHEM+ 2014. [DOI: 10.1134/s1070363213120153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Yuan CM, Tang GH, Wang XY, Zhang Y, Cao MM, Li XH, Li Y, Li SL, Di YT, He HP, Hao XJ, Hua HM. New steroids and sesquiterpene from Turraea pubescens. Fitoterapia 2013; 90:119-25. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fitote.2013.07.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2013] [Revised: 07/02/2013] [Accepted: 07/06/2013] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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Stulov SV, Misharin AY. Synthesis of steroids with nitrogen-containing substituents in ring D (Review). Chem Heterocycl Compd (N Y) 2013. [DOI: 10.1007/s10593-013-1158-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Gonzalez-Velazquez W, Gonzalez-Mendez R, Rodriguez-del Valle N. Characterization and ligand identification of a membrane progesterone receptor in fungi: existence of a novel PAQR in Sporothrix schenckii. BMC Microbiol 2012; 12:194. [PMID: 22958375 PMCID: PMC3488014 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2180-12-194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2012] [Accepted: 08/21/2012] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Adaptive responses in fungi result from the interaction of membrane receptors and extracellular ligands. Many different classes of receptors have been described in eukaryotic cells. Recently a new family of receptors classified as belonging to the progesterone-adiponectin receptor (PAQR) family has been identified. These receptors have the seven transmembrane domains characteristic of G-protein coupled receptors, but their activity has not been associated directly to G proteins. They share sequence similarity to the eubacterial hemolysin III proteins. Results A new receptor, SsPAQR1 (Sporothrixschenckiiprogesterone-adiponectinQ receptor1), was identified as interacting with Sporothrix schenckii G protein alpha subunit SSG-2 in a yeast two-hybrid assay. The receptor was identified as a member of the PAQR family. The cDNA sequence revealed a predicted ORF of 1542 bp encoding a 514 amino acids protein with a calculated molecular weight of 57.8 kDa. Protein domain analysis of SsPAQR1 showed the 7 transmembrane domains (TM) characteristic of G protein coupled receptors and the presence of the distinctive motifs that characterize PAQRs. A yeast-based assay specific for PAQRs identified progesterone as the agonist. S. schenckii yeast cells exposed to progesterone (0.50 mM) showed an increase in intracellular levels of 3′, 5′ cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) within the first min of incubation with the hormone. Different progesterone concentrations were tested for their effect on the growth of the fungus. Cultures incubated at 35°C did not grow at concentrations of progesterone of 0.05 mM or higher. Cultures incubated at 25°C grew at all concentrations tested (0.01 mM-0.50 mM) with growth decreasing gradually with the increase in progesterone concentration. Conclusion This work describes a receptor associated with a G protein alpha subunit in S. schenckii belonging to the PAQR family. Progesterone was identified as the ligand. Exposure to progesterone increased the levels of cAMP in fungal yeast cells within the first min of incubation suggesting the connection of this receptor to the cAMP signalling pathway. Progesterone inhibited the growth of both the yeast and mycelium forms of the fungus, with the yeast form being the most affected by the hormone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Waleska Gonzalez-Velazquez
- Department of Microbiology and Medical Zoology, Medical Sciences Campus, University of Puerto Rico, San Juan PR, USA
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