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Lin GS, Zhang MY, Wu LN, Lin QY. Vitexin Glucolone Reinforces Radiosensitivity of Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer via Transforming Growth Factor Kinase 1/Adenylate Activated Protein Kinase Signaling Pathway. J BIOMATER TISS ENG 2022. [DOI: 10.1166/jbt.2022.3132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Purpose: To discuss effects of vitexin glucolone (VG) to radiosensitivity of NSCLC (Non-small cell lung cancer) cell lines (A549 and H1299). Methods: Treating A549 and H1299 cells by VG with or without X-radiation. Cell viability was calculated by CCK8. Apoptosis rate
was measured by flow cytometry and Western blot to expressions of protein. Subsequently, cells were transferred with TAK1 siRNA, cell viability and apoptosis were measured. Results: VG decreased the viability of Huh7 cells and inhibited effects of VG was more strengthen than radiotherapy
in concentrations of 20 μmol/L and 40 μmol/L. Meanwhile, VG sensitized HCC exposed to radiation therapy to apoptosis as demonstrated by increased Bax/Bcl-2 ratio. In addition, VG enhanced the promotive effects of X-radiation on the expressions of TAK1, AMPKα1
and PPARγ. Furthermore, silence the expression of TAK1 partly reversed the effects of VG on HCC and radiosensitivity of NSCLC. Conclusion: VG enhances radiosensitivity of NSCLC via TAK1/AMPK pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guo Sheng Lin
- Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Putian University, Putian, 351100, China
| | - Mei Yi Zhang
- Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Putian University, Putian, 351100, China
| | - Liang Ning Wu
- Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Putian University, Putian, 351100, China
| | - Qun Ying Lin
- Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Putian University, Putian, 351100, China
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Guerrini GP, Esposito G, Olivieri T, Magistri P, Ballarin R, Di Sandro S, Di Benedetto F. Salvage versus Primary Liver Transplantation for Hepatocellular Carcinoma: A Twenty-Year Experience Meta-Analysis. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:3465. [PMID: 35884526 PMCID: PMC9320001 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14143465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2022] [Revised: 07/04/2022] [Accepted: 07/12/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
(1) Background: Primary liver transplantation (PLT) for HCC represents the ideal treatment. However, since organ shortage increases the risk of drop-out from the waiting list for tumor progression, a new surgical strategy has been developed: Salvage Liver Transplantation (SLT) can be offered as an additional curative strategy for HCC recurrence after liver resection. The aim of this updated meta-analysis is to compare surgical and long-term outcomes of SLT versus PLT for HCC. (2) Materials and Methods: A systematic review and meta-analysis was conducted using the published papers comparing SLT and PLT up to January 2022. (3) Results: 25 studies describing 11,275 patients met the inclusion criteria. The meta-analysis revealed no statistical difference in intraoperative blood loss, overall vascular complications, retransplantation rate, and hospital stay in the SLT group compared with the PLT group. However, the SLT group showed a slightly significant lower 5-year OS rate and 5-year disease-free survival rate. (4) Conclusion: meta-analysis advocates the relative safety and feasibility of both Salvage LT and Primary LT strategies. Specifically, SLT seems to have comparable surgical outcomes but slightly poorer long-term survival than PLT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gian Piero Guerrini
- Hepato-Pancreato-Biliary Surgery and Liver Transplantation Unit, Policlinico Modena Hospital, Azienda Ospedaliero Universitaria di Modena, Via del Pozzo 71, 41125 Modena, Italy; (G.E.); (T.O.); (P.M.); (R.B.); (S.D.S.); (F.D.B.)
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Hendi M, Lv J, Cai XJ. Current status of laparoscopic hepatectomy for the treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma: A systematic literature review. Medicine (Baltimore) 2021; 100:e27826. [PMID: 34918631 PMCID: PMC8677975 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000027826] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2021] [Accepted: 10/29/2021] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Laparoscopic hepatectomy (LH) was first introduced in the 1990s and has now become widely accepted for the treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Laparoscopic liver resection (LLR) is considered a safe and effective approach for liver disease. However, the role of laparoscopic hepatectomy in HCC with cirrhosis remains controversial and needs to be further assessed, and the present literature review aimed to review the surgical and oncological outcomes of Laparoscopic hepatectomy (LH). According to Hong and colleagues laparoscopic resection for liver cirrhosis is a very safe and feasible procedure for both ideal cases and select patients with high risk factors [29]. The presence of only 1 of these factors does not represent an absolute contraindication for LH. METHODS AND RESULTS We selected 23 studies involving about 1363 HCC patients treated with LH. 364 (27%) patients experienced major resections. The mean operative time was 244.9 minutes, the mean blood loss was 308.1 mL and blood transfusions were required in only 4.9% of patients. There were only 2 (0.21%) postoperative deaths and overall morbidity was 9.9%. Tumor recurrence ranged from 6 to 25 months. The 1-year, 3-year, and 5-year disease free Survival (DFS) rates ranged from 71.9% to 99%, 50.3% to 91.2%, and 19% to 82% respectively. Overall survival rates ranged from 88% to 100%, 73.4% to 94.5%, and 52.6% to 94.5% respectively. CONCLUSIONS In our summery LH is lower risk and safer than conventional open liver surgery and is just as efficacious. Also, the LH approach decreased blood-loss, operation time, postoperative morbidity and had a lower conversion rate compared to other procedures whether open or robotic. Finally, LH may serve as a promising alternative to open procedures.
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Mir ZM, Djerboua M, Nanji S, Flemming JA, Groome PA. Predictors of Postoperative Liver Decompensation Events After Resection in Patients with Cirrhosis and Hepatocellular Carcinoma: A Population-Based Study. Ann Surg Oncol 2021; 29:288-299. [PMID: 34549362 DOI: 10.1245/s10434-021-10801-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2021] [Accepted: 08/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Appropriate patient selection for liver resection in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is critical to mitigation of major liver-related postoperative complications. Currently, no standard prognostic tool exists to predict the risk of postoperative liver decompensation events (POLDEs) after partial hepatectomy for patients with cirrhosis and HCC. This study aimed to identify independent preoperative predictors of POLDEs for future development of prognostic tools to improve surgical decision-making. METHODS This population-based, retrospective cohort study investigated patients with cirrhosis and incident HCC between 2007 and 2017, identified using administrative health data from Ontario, Canada. The occurrence of a POLDE or death within 2 years after surgery was described. Multivariable Cox regression identified independent predictors of POLDE-free survival, as well as cause-specific hazards for POLDEs and death. RESULTS Among 611 patients with cirrhosis and HCC who underwent liver resection, 160 (26.2%) experienced at least one POLDE, and 189 (30.9%) died within 2 years after surgery. Diabetes, cirrhosis etiology, major liver resection, and previous non-malignant decompensation were independent predictors of POLDE-free survival. Except for extent of resection, the same risk factors were associated with POLDEs in the cause-specific analysis. In contrast, only age and history of previous non-malignant decompensation were independent predictors of mortality. CONCLUSIONS Among patients with cirrhosis undergoing resection for HCC, patient and disease-related factors are associated with POLDEs and POLDE-free survival. These factors can be used both to inform clinical practice and to advance the development of preoperative prognostic tools, which may lead to improved outcomes for this population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zuhaib M Mir
- Division of General Surgery, Department of Surgery, Victory 3, Kingston General Hospital, Queen's University, Kingston, ON, Canada. .,Department of Public Health Sciences, Queen's University, Kingston, ON, Canada.
| | | | - Sulaiman Nanji
- Division of General Surgery, Department of Surgery, Victory 3, Kingston General Hospital, Queen's University, Kingston, ON, Canada
| | - Jennifer A Flemming
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Queen's University, Kingston, ON, Canada.,ICES Queen's University, Kingston, ON, Canada.,Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Queen's University, Kingston, ON, Canada.,Division of Cancer Care and Epidemiology, Queen's Cancer Research Institute, Kingston, ON, Canada
| | - Patti A Groome
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Queen's University, Kingston, ON, Canada.,ICES Queen's University, Kingston, ON, Canada.,Division of Cancer Care and Epidemiology, Queen's Cancer Research Institute, Kingston, ON, Canada
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Galastri FL, Nasser F, Affonso BB, Valle LGM, Odísio BC, Motta-Leal Filho JM, Salvalaggio PR, Garcia RG, de Almeida MD, Baroni RH, Wolosker N. Imaging response predictors following drug eluting beads chemoembolization in the neoadjuvant liver transplant treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma. World J Hepatol 2020; 12:21-33. [PMID: 31984118 PMCID: PMC6946627 DOI: 10.4254/wjh.v12.i1.21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2019] [Revised: 10/02/2019] [Accepted: 12/09/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Drug-eluting bead transarterial chemoembolization (DEB-TACE) is an endovascular treatment to release chemotherapeutic agents within a target lesion, minimizing systemic exposure and adverse effects to chemotherapeutics. Therefore, identifying which patient characteristics may predict imaging response to DEB-TACE can improve treatment results while selecting the best candidates. Predictors of the response after DEB-TACE still have not been fully elucidated. This is the first prospective study performed with standardized DEB-TACE technique that aim to identify predictors of radiological response, assessing patients clinical and laboratory characteristics, diagnostic imaging and intraprocedure data of the hepatocellular carcinoma treated in the neoadjuvant context for liver transplantation.
AIM To identify pre- and intraoperative clinical and imaging predictors of the radiological response of drug-eluting bead transarterial chemoembolization (DEB-TACE) for the neoadjuvant treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC).
METHODS This is prospective, cohort study, performed in a single transplant center, from 2011 to 2014. Consecutive patients with HCC considered for liver transplant who underwent DEB-TACE in the first session for downstaging or bridging purposes were recruited. Pre and post-chemoembolization imaging studies were performed by computed tomography or magnetic resonance. The radiological response of each individual HCC was evaluated by objective response using mRECIST and the percentage of necrosis.
RESULTS Two hundred patients with 380 HCCs were examined. Analysis of the objective response (nodule-based analysis) demonstrated that HCC with pseudocapsules had a 2.01 times greater chance of being responders than those without pseudocapsules (P = 0.01), and the addition of every 1mg of chemoembolic agent increased the chance of therapeutic response in 4% (P < 0.001). Analysis of the percentage of necrosis through multiple linear regression revealed that the addition of each 1mg of the chemoembolic agent caused an average increase of 0.65% (P < 0.001) in necrosis in the treated lesion, whereas the hepatocellular carcinoma with pseudocapsules presented 18.27% (P < 0.001) increased necrosis compared to those without pseudocapsules.
CONCLUSION The presence of a pseudocapsule and the addition of the amount of chemoembolic agent increases the chance of an objective response in hepatocellular carcinoma and increases the percentage of tumor necrosis following drug-eluting bead chemoembolization in the neoadjuvant treatment, prior to liver transplantation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Felipe Nasser
- Department of Interventional Radiology, Hospital Israelita Albert Einstein, São Paulo 05652-000, Brazil
| | - Breno Boueri Affonso
- Department of Interventional Radiology, Hospital Israelita Albert Einstein, São Paulo 05652-000, Brazil
| | | | - Bruno Calazans Odísio
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77230, United States
| | | | - Paolo Rogério Salvalaggio
- Teaching and Research Institute, São Paulo, Brazil, Hospital Israelita Albert Einstein, São Paulo 05652-000, Brazil
| | - Rodrigo Gobbo Garcia
- Department of Interventional Radiology, Hospital Israelita Albert Einstein, São Paulo 05652-000, Brazil
| | - Márcio Dias de Almeida
- Department of Liver Transplant, Hospital Israelita Albert Einstein, São Paulo 05652-900, Brazil
| | - Ronaldo Hueb Baroni
- Department of Radiology, Hospital Israelita Albert Einstein, São Paulo 05652-000, Brazil
| | - Nelson Wolosker
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Hospital Israelita Albert Einstein, São Paulo 05652-000, Brazil
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Stattic Enhances Radiosensitivity and Reduces Radio-Induced Migration and Invasion in HCC Cell Lines through an Apoptosis Pathway. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2017; 2017:1832494. [PMID: 29226125 PMCID: PMC5684518 DOI: 10.1155/2017/1832494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2017] [Revised: 09/16/2017] [Accepted: 09/24/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Purpose Signal transducer and activator of transcription factor 3 (STAT3) is involved in tumorigenesis, development, and radioresistance of many solid tumors. The aim of this study is to investigate the effects of stattic (an inhibitor of STAT3) on the radiosensitivity and radio-induced migration and invasion ability in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) cell lines. Methods HCC cells were treated with stattic, and cell survival rate was analyzed through CCK-8 assay. Radiosensitivity was evaluated using cloning formation analysis; STAT3, p-STAT3, and apoptosis related proteins were detected by western blot. Radio-induced migration and invasion ability in HCC cells were analyzed by wound-healing assay and transwell test. Results Stattic inhibits the expression of p-STAT3 and reduces cell survival in a dose-dependent manner in HCC cell lines, and the IC50 values for Hep G2, Bel-7402, and SMMC-7721 are 2.94 μM, 2.5 μM, and 5.1 μM, respectively. Cloning formation analysis shows that stattic enhances the radiosensitivity of HCC cells. Wound-healing assay and transwell test show that stattic inhibits radio-induced migration and invasion. Further study indicates that stattic promotes radio-induce apoptosis through regulating the expression of apoptosis related proteins in HCC cells. Conclusion Stattic enhances radiosensitivity and reduces radio-induced migration and invasion ability in HCC cells probably through apoptosis pathway.
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Sotiropoulos GC, Prodromidou A, Kostakis ID, Machairas N. Meta-analysis of laparoscopic vs open liver resection for hepatocellular carcinoma. Updates Surg 2017; 69:291-311. [PMID: 28220382 DOI: 10.1007/s13304-017-0421-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2016] [Accepted: 02/06/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Laparoscopic liver resections (LLR) are widely accepted as safe and effective procedures for the management of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) in the hands of experienced surgeons. The efficacy and extent of benefits of pure as well as hand-assisted laparoscopic and laparoscopy-assisted liver resection over open liver resection (OLR) have been investigated by numerous studies during the last 10 years. The aim of our meta-analysis is to investigate the effect of LLR in short- and long-term outcomes compared to OLR in patients operated for HCC. A total of 5203 patients from forty-four studies were included in our meta-analysis reporting for short- and long-term results for both LLR and OLR for HCC. Among them, 1830 underwent pure laparoscopic hepatectomy, 282 underwent pure laparoscopic or hand-assisted laparoscopic or laparoscopy-assisted hepatectomy, and 3091 were operated through open approach. LLRs were found to be significantly associated with lower blood loss, need for blood transfusion, successful achievement of R0 resection as well as wider resection margin, shorter hospital stay, lower morbidity and 30-day mortality rates. Operative time, tumor recurrence, 1-, 3-, and 5-year overall survival as well as 1-, 3-, and 5-year disease-free survival were not found different between the groups. This meta-analysis clearly demonstrates the superiority of laparoscopic resection over the open approach for patients with small HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Georgios C Sotiropoulos
- 2nd Department of Propaedeutic Surgery, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Medical School, General Hospital Laiko, Agiou Thoma Str. 17, 11527, Athens, Greece
| | - Anastasia Prodromidou
- 2nd Department of Propaedeutic Surgery, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Medical School, General Hospital Laiko, Agiou Thoma Str. 17, 11527, Athens, Greece
| | - Ioannis D Kostakis
- 2nd Department of Propaedeutic Surgery, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Medical School, General Hospital Laiko, Agiou Thoma Str. 17, 11527, Athens, Greece
| | - Nikolaos Machairas
- 2nd Department of Propaedeutic Surgery, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Medical School, General Hospital Laiko, Agiou Thoma Str. 17, 11527, Athens, Greece.
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Wu L, Zhang Y, Zhu Y, Cong Q, Xiang Y, Fu L. The effect of LOXL2 in hepatocellular carcinoma. Mol Med Rep 2016; 14:1923-32. [PMID: 27430160 PMCID: PMC4991726 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2016.5474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2015] [Accepted: 05/31/2016] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Lysyl oxidase-like 2 (LOXL2) is key in the hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) tumor microenvironment and metastatic niche formation. However, its effect on proliferation and clinical parameters in HCC require further elucidation. The present study aimed to investigate LOXL2 expression in HCC from in vitro and clinical aspects. The present study constructed LOXL2-small interfering RNA with a lentiviral vector, investigated the effect of LOXL2 on proliferation using HCC cell lines via a series of assays, including reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction, cell counting, colony formation, assessment of cell cycle and apoptosis using flow cytometry, MTT and BrdU. Furthermore, 80 tissue samples from HCC patients at The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University (Dalian, China) from 2007 to 2010. Immunohistochemical staining was used to clinically verify LOXL2 expression. The results of the present study demonstrate that LOXL2 silencing decreased cell numbers, proliferation, colony formations and cell growth, induced cell cycle arrest and increased apoptosis. Clinically, expression levels of LOXL2 was markedly increased in matched adjacent non-tumor tissue (ANT) samples compared with levels in tumor tissue (TT) samples, and this gradually increased with higher histological grade and more advanced TNM classification in the matched ANT and TT samples. LOXL2 was determined to promote proliferation of HCC and demonstrated to be highly expressed in HCC ANT samples compared with TT samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linghong Wu
- Department of Infectious Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning 116011, P.R. China
| | - Yuan Zhang
- Department of Infectious Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning 116011, P.R. China
| | - Ying Zhu
- Department of Infectious Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning 116011, P.R. China
| | - Qingwei Cong
- Department of Infectious Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning 116011, P.R. China
| | - Yan Xiang
- Department of Infectious Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning 116011, P.R. China
| | - Linlin Fu
- Department of Infectious Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning 116011, P.R. China
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Yong TL, Houli N, Christophi C. Anatomy of hepatic lymphatics and its implications in hepatic malignancies. ANZ J Surg 2016; 86:868-873. [DOI: 10.1111/ans.13662] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2016] [Accepted: 05/19/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tuck Leong Yong
- Department of Surgery; Northern Health; Melbourne Victoria Australia
| | - Nezor Houli
- Department of Surgery; Northern Health; Melbourne Victoria Australia
| | - Chris Christophi
- Department of Surgery; Austin Health; Melbourne Victoria Australia
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Jin Y, Duan LX, Xu XL, Ge WJ, Li RF, Qiu XJ, Song Y, Cao SS, Wang JG. Mechanism of apoptosis induction in human hepatocellular carcinoma cells following treatment with a gecko peptides mixture. Biomed Rep 2016; 5:73-78. [PMID: 27330750 DOI: 10.3892/br.2016.664] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2016] [Accepted: 04/15/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to investigate the apoptotic effect and molecular mechanisms of gecko peptides mixture (GPM) on the human liver carcinoma HepG2 cell line in vitro. The methylthiazolyldiphenyl-tetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay was performed to identify the dose- (0.10, 0.15, 0.20, 0.25 and 0.30 mg/ml) and time-dependent (24, 48 and 72 h) inhibitory effect of GPM on HepG2 cells and their proliferation. Hoechst 33258 staining was carried out to detect the nuclear change coupled with apoptosis induced by GPM. Western blotting was used to evaluate apoptosis-related protein expression changes induced by GPM, including caspase, cytochrome c (Cyt c) and apoptosis-inducing factor (AIF). MTT results showed that GPM significantly inhibited the proliferation of HepG2 cells in a dose- and time-dependent manner. Hoechst 33258 staining demonstrated that GPM induced typical apoptotic morphological changes, while western blotting analysis revealed that GPM increased caspase-3, caspase-9, Cyt c and AIF protein expression levels in HepG2 cells treated with 0.06 or 0.08 mg/ml for 24 h. In conclusion, GPM could induce apoptosis by activating the intrinsic mitochondrial apoptotic pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Jin
- The Key Laboratory of Pharmacology and Medical Molecular Biology, Medical College, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, Henan 471003, P.R. China
| | - Leng-Xin Duan
- The Key Laboratory of Pharmacology and Medical Molecular Biology, Medical College, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, Henan 471003, P.R. China
| | - Xin-Li Xu
- Department of School Infirmary Pharmacy, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510000, P.R. China
| | - Wen-Jing Ge
- The Key Laboratory of Pharmacology and Medical Molecular Biology, Medical College, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, Henan 471003, P.R. China
| | - Rui-Fang Li
- The Key Laboratory of Pharmacology and Medical Molecular Biology, Medical College, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, Henan 471003, P.R. China
| | - Xiang-Jun Qiu
- The Key Laboratory of Pharmacology and Medical Molecular Biology, Medical College, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, Henan 471003, P.R. China
| | - Ying Song
- Department of Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, Henan 471003, P.R. China
| | - Shan-Shan Cao
- Department of Pharmacy, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, Henan 471003, P.R. China
| | - Jian-Gang Wang
- The Key Laboratory of Pharmacology and Medical Molecular Biology, Medical College, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, Henan 471003, P.R. China
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Tang L, Zhu H, Yang X, Xie F, Peng J, Jiang D, Xie J, Qi M, Yu L. Shizukaol D, a Dimeric Sesquiterpene Isolated from Chloranthus serratus, Represses the Growth of Human Liver Cancer Cells by Modulating Wnt Signalling Pathway. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0152012. [PMID: 27010735 PMCID: PMC4807009 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0152012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2015] [Accepted: 02/21/2016] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Natural products have become sources of developing new drugs for the treatment of cancer. To seek candidate compounds that inhibit the growth of liver cancer, components of Chloranthus serratus were tested. Here, we report that shizukaol D, a dimeric sesquiterpene from Chloranthus serratus, exerted a growth inhibition effect on liver cancer cells in a dose- and time-dependent manner. We demonstrated that shizukaol D induced cells to undergo apoptosis. More importantly, shizukaol D attenuated Wnt signalling and reduced the expression of endogenous Wnt target genes, which resulted in decreased expression of β-catenin. Collectively, this study demonstrated that shizukaol D inhibited the growth of liver cancer cells by modulating Wnt pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisha Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Hengrui Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- The Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Xianmei Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Fang Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, 55905, United States of America
| | - Jingtao Peng
- Department of Urology, Shanghai First People’s Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Deke Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Program for Personalized Cancer Care, NorthShore University HealthSystem, Pritzker School of Medicine, University of Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
- * E-mail: (MQ); (JX); (DJ)
| | - Jun Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- * E-mail: (MQ); (JX); (DJ)
| | - Meiyan Qi
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- The Institute for Nutritional Sciences, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
- * E-mail: (MQ); (JX); (DJ)
| | - Long Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
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13
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Lin ZY, Wu CC, Chuang YH, Chuang WL. Clinical utility of a simple primary culture method in hepatocellular carcinoma patients. J Gastroenterol Hepatol 2015; 30:352-7. [PMID: 25087586 DOI: 10.1111/jgh.12693] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/03/2014] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIM The clinical utility of our designed primary culture method in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma was investigated. METHODS Specimens obtained from ultrasound-guided fine-needle aspiration of 108 hepatocellular carcinoma patients were cultured. The associations of the cellular proliferative speeds with cancer invasiveness and 1-year survivals were analyzed. RESULTS Successful cultures were achieved in 105 patients (97.2%). Ten hepatocellular carcinoma and nine cancer-associated fibroblast cell lines were established. The cells obtained from patients with American Joint Committee on Cancer TNM staging ≥ IIIB upon entering the study had higher proportion of rapidly proliferative cancer cells than those from patients with staging ≤ IIIA (P < 0.005). For Barcelona Clinic Liver Cancer classification A or B patients receiving palliative transcatheter chemoembolization, patients with rapidly proliferative cancer-associated fibroblasts showed higher incidence of cancer-related death than patients with other proliferative patterns (P = 0.0385). The influence of the presence of rapidly proliferative cancer cells on survivals in this group could not be calculated due to a very small number of this kind of patients (9.5%). For Barcelona Clinic Liver Cancer classification C patients receiving non-curative treatment, the incidence of rapidly proliferative cancer cells was 45.2%. Patients with rapidly proliferative cancer cells showed higher incidence of cancer-related death than patients with other proliferative patterns in patients receiving chemoembolization (P = 0.0452) and in patients receiving conservative treatment (P = 0.0206). CONCLUSION Our method can provide cells from individual patient for researches and predict outcomes in patients receiving non-curative treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zu-Yau Lin
- Cancer Center and Division of Hepatobiliary Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan; Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
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Jin Y, Lyu Y, Tang X, Zhang Y, Chen J, Zheng D, Liang Y. Lupeol enhances radiosensitivity of human hepatocellular carcinoma cell line SMMC-7721 in vitro and in vivo. Int J Radiat Biol 2015; 91:202-8. [DOI: 10.3109/09553002.2015.966209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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15
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Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is an epithelial tumor derived from hepatocytes; it accounts for 80% of all primary liver cancers and ranks globally as the fourth leading cause of cancer-related deaths. HCC treatment is a multidisciplinary and a multimodal task, with surgery in the form of liver resection and liver transplantation (LT) representing the only potentially curative modality. However, there are variable opinions and discussions about applying these surgical options and using other supporting treatments. This article is a narrative review that includes articles published from 1984 to 2013 located by searching scientific databases such as PubMed, SCOPUS, and Elsevier, with the main keyword of hepatocellular carcinoma in addition to other keywords such as liver transplantation, liver resection, transarterial chemoembolization, portal vein embolization, bridging therapy, and downstaging. In this review, we focus mainly on the surgical treatment options offered for HCC, in order to illustrate the current relevant data available in the literature to help in applying these surgical options and to use other supporting treatment modalities when appropriate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmad A. Madkhali
- Department of Surgery, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia,Section of Hepatopancreatobilairy and Transplant, Transplant, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
| | - Zahir T. Fadel
- Section of Hepatopancreatobilairy and Transplant, Transplant, McGill University, Montreal, Canada,Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Murad M. Aljiffry
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mazen M. Hassanain
- Department of Surgery, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia,Department of Oncology, McGill University, Montreal, Canada,Address for correspondence: Dr. Mazen Hassanain, Assistant Professor of Surgery and Consultant HPB and Transplant Surgery, Department of Surgery, College of Medicine, Scientific Director Liver Disease Research Centre, King Saud University, P.O.Box 25179, Riyadh, 11466, Saudi Arabia. E-mail:
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16
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Hasan SK, Khan R, Ali N, Khan AQ, Rehman MU, Tahir M, Lateef A, Nafees S, Mehdi SJ, Rashid S, Shahid A, Sultana S. 18-β Glycyrrhetinic acid alleviates 2-acetylaminofluorene-induced hepatotoxicity in Wistar rats. Hum Exp Toxicol 2014; 34:628-41. [DOI: 10.1177/0960327114554045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
2-Acetylaminofluorene (2-AAF) is a known hepatic carcinogen which leads to tumour formation in rodents. 18-β Glycyrrhetinic acid (18 β-GA) derived from liquorice plant has various pharmacological properties such as anti-ulcer, anti-inflammatory, antiviral, hepatoprotective and antioxidant. This study is designed to elucidate the chemopreventive properties of 18 β-GA against 2-AAF-induced liver toxicity in Wistar rats and evaluated its effect on inflammatory and tumour promotion marker and activities of different oxidative stress enzymes. Administration of 2-AAF at the dose of (50 mg/kg body weight (b.w.) intraperitoneally (i.p.)) for five consecutive days induces hepatic toxicity, inflammation, oxidative stress and hyperproliferation. Pretreatment with 18 β-GA at two different doses (45 and 75 mg kg−1 b.w.) significantly ameliorates 2-AAF-induced increased lipid peroxidation, alanine transaminase and aspartate transaminase, xanthine oxidase activities and activities of phase-II detoxifying enzymes along with the levels of glutathione content. Administration of 18 β-GA also significantly restored the expressions of proliferating cell nuclear antigen, cyclooxygenase 2, inducible nitric oxide synthase and nuclear factor κB. Furthermore, histological observations also support the preventive effects of 18 β-GA. Our findings suggest that pretreatment with 18 β-GA showed potential hepatoprotective effects via attenuation of oxidative stress, inflammation and hyperproliferation.
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Affiliation(s)
- SK Hasan
- Section of Molecular Carcinogenesis and Chemoprevention, Department of Medical Elementology and Toxicology, Jamia Hamdard (Hamdard University), Hamdard Nagar, New Delhi, India
| | - R Khan
- Section of Molecular Carcinogenesis and Chemoprevention, Department of Medical Elementology and Toxicology, Jamia Hamdard (Hamdard University), Hamdard Nagar, New Delhi, India
| | - N Ali
- Section of Molecular Carcinogenesis and Chemoprevention, Department of Medical Elementology and Toxicology, Jamia Hamdard (Hamdard University), Hamdard Nagar, New Delhi, India
| | - AQ Khan
- Section of Molecular Carcinogenesis and Chemoprevention, Department of Medical Elementology and Toxicology, Jamia Hamdard (Hamdard University), Hamdard Nagar, New Delhi, India
| | - MU Rehman
- Section of Molecular Carcinogenesis and Chemoprevention, Department of Medical Elementology and Toxicology, Jamia Hamdard (Hamdard University), Hamdard Nagar, New Delhi, India
| | - M Tahir
- Section of Molecular Carcinogenesis and Chemoprevention, Department of Medical Elementology and Toxicology, Jamia Hamdard (Hamdard University), Hamdard Nagar, New Delhi, India
| | - A Lateef
- Section of Molecular Carcinogenesis and Chemoprevention, Department of Medical Elementology and Toxicology, Jamia Hamdard (Hamdard University), Hamdard Nagar, New Delhi, India
| | - S Nafees
- Section of Molecular Carcinogenesis and Chemoprevention, Department of Medical Elementology and Toxicology, Jamia Hamdard (Hamdard University), Hamdard Nagar, New Delhi, India
| | - SJ Mehdi
- Section of Molecular Carcinogenesis and Chemoprevention, Department of Medical Elementology and Toxicology, Jamia Hamdard (Hamdard University), Hamdard Nagar, New Delhi, India
| | - S Rashid
- Section of Molecular Carcinogenesis and Chemoprevention, Department of Medical Elementology and Toxicology, Jamia Hamdard (Hamdard University), Hamdard Nagar, New Delhi, India
| | - A Shahid
- Section of Molecular Carcinogenesis and Chemoprevention, Department of Medical Elementology and Toxicology, Jamia Hamdard (Hamdard University), Hamdard Nagar, New Delhi, India
| | - S Sultana
- Section of Molecular Carcinogenesis and Chemoprevention, Department of Medical Elementology and Toxicology, Jamia Hamdard (Hamdard University), Hamdard Nagar, New Delhi, India
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17
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Guerrini GP, Gerunda GE, Montalti R, Ballarin R, Cautero N, De Ruvo N, Spaggiari M, Di Benedetto F. Results of salvage liver transplantation. Liver Int 2014; 34:e96-e104. [PMID: 24517642 DOI: 10.1111/liv.12497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2013] [Accepted: 02/05/2014] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Salvage liver transplantation (SLT) is an attractive sequential strategy which combines liver resection (LR) for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), followed by liver transplant (LT) in the event of HCC recurrence or progressive liver deterioration. To compare the long-term results of SLT with primary liver transplant (PLT). METHODS Between 2000 and 2011, 125 patients (72 transplantable) underwent LR and 226 underwent LT in our unit. The outcome of SLT was analysed in a two-step fashion: firstly, SLT (n = 28) was compared with PLT (n = 198), secondly an intention-to-treat analysis was performed on all transplantable HCC patients who underwent LR (LRT group = 72) compared to PLT (n = 198). RESULTS The five-year overall survival (OS) was 65.4% vs. 49.2% (P = 0.63), and disease-free survival (DFS) was 89.7% vs. 80.6% (P = 0.31) for PLT and SLT respectively. Predictive factors for DFS after LT included HCC total diameter [hazard ratio (HR) 1.29 P = 0.003], alpha-foetoprotein (HR 1.002 P < 0.001) and number of HCC nodules (HR 1.317 P = 0.035), whereas viral hepatitis C positivity (HR 1.911 P = 0.03) and outside Up-to-seven criteria (HR 2.652 P < 0.001) were negative independent prediction factors of OS. Intention-to-treat analysis showed that OS at 5 years was improved in PLT vs. LRT (LRT n = 72 including SLT plus LR group) and was 69.4% vs. 42.2% (P < 0.004), with an additional increase in DFS (89.2% vs. 54.5% respectively P < 0.001). CONCLUSION Salvage liver transplantation is a safe treatment strategy, as it does not impair long-term survival. At intention-to-treat analysis, PLT showed improved survival compared with LRT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gian Piero Guerrini
- Hepato-Pancreato-Biliary Surgery and Liver Transplantation Unit, Department of Surgery and Transplantation, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
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18
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Furtado R, Crawford M, Sandroussi C. Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Adjuvant I131 Lipiodol after Excision of Hepatocellular Carcinoma. Ann Surg Oncol 2014; 21:2700-7. [DOI: 10.1245/s10434-014-3511-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2013] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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19
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Huynh TT, Rao YK, Lee WH, Chen HA, Le TDQ, Tzeng DTW, Wang LS, Wu ATH, Lin YF, Tzeng YM, Yeh CT. Destruxin B inhibits hepatocellular carcinoma cell growth through modulation of the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway and epithelial-mesenchymal transition. Toxicol In Vitro 2014; 28:552-61. [PMID: 24434019 DOI: 10.1016/j.tiv.2014.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2013] [Revised: 12/29/2013] [Accepted: 01/02/2014] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The aberrant activation of Wnt/β-catenin signaling plays an important role in the carcinogenesis and progression of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Therefore, the Wnt/β-catenin signaling molecules are attractive candidates for the development of targeted therapies for this disease. The present study showed that destruxin B (DB) inhibits the proliferation and induces the apoptosis of HCC cells by decreasing the protein expression of anti-apoptotic Bcl-2 and Bcl-xL and increasing the expression of the proapoptotic protein Bax. More importantly, DB also attenuates Wnt-signaling in HCC cells by downregulating β-catenin, Tcf4, and β-catenin/Tcf4 transcriptional activity, which results in the decreased expression of β-catenin target genes, such as cyclin D1, c-myc, and survivin. Furthermore, DB affects the migratory and invasive abilities of Sk-Hep1 cells through the suppression of markers of the epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT). A synergistic anti-proliferative and migratory effect was achieved using the combination of DB and sorafenib in Sk-Hep1 cells. In conclusion, DB acts as a novel Wnt/β-catenin inhibitor and reduces the aggressiveness and invasive potential of HCC by altering the cells' EMT status and mobility. DB in combination with sorafenib may be considered for future clinical use for the management of metastatic HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thanh-Tuan Huynh
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan; Department of Neurosurgery, University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ho Chi Minh City, Viet Nam
| | - Yerra Koteswara Rao
- Institute of Biochemical Sciences and Technology, Chaoyang University of Technology, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Wei-Hwa Lee
- Department of Pathology, Taipei Medical University-Shuang Ho Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Hsin-An Chen
- Departments of Surgery, Taipei Medical University-Shuang Ho Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - T Do-Quyen Le
- Department of Hepatitis, Cho Ray Hospital, Ho Chi Minh City, Viet Nam
| | - David T W Tzeng
- Institute of Genomics and Bioinformatics, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Liang-Shun Wang
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan; Division of Thoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Taipei Medical University-Shuang Ho Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Alexander T H Wu
- The Ph.D. Program for Translational Medicine, College of Medical Science and Technology, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yuh-Feng Lin
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yew-Min Tzeng
- Institute of Biochemical Sciences and Technology, Chaoyang University of Technology, Taichung, Taiwan.
| | - Chi-Tai Yeh
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan; Departments of Surgery, Taipei Medical University-Shuang Ho Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan; Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan.
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20
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The expression and regulation of DFNA5 in human hepatocellular carcinoma DFNA5 in hepatocellular carcinoma. Mol Biol Rep 2013; 40:6525-31. [DOI: 10.1007/s11033-013-2581-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2012] [Accepted: 04/29/2013] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
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21
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Koh YS, Kim JH, Cai H, Li LH, Kim HS, Kim K, Kim N, Shin BA, Lee T, Choi SY, Cho CK. Dysregulated microRNAs in non-cirrhotic hepatocellular carcinoma. Genes Genomics 2013. [DOI: 10.1007/s13258-013-0126-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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22
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Tahir M, Rehman MU, Lateef A, Khan AQ, Khan R, Qamar W, O’Hamiza O, Ali F, Hasan SK, Sultana S. Diosmin abrogates chemically induced hepatocarcinogenesis via alleviation of oxidative stress, hyperproliferative and inflammatory markers in murine model. Toxicol Lett 2013; 220:205-18. [DOI: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2013.04.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2013] [Revised: 04/05/2013] [Accepted: 04/08/2013] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
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23
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Rastegar RF, Hou D, Harris A, Yoshida E, Lum B, Ho S, Ford JA, Chung S, Soulez G, Lee E, Liu D. Is a Liver Biopsy Necessary? Investigation of a Suspected Hepatocellular Carcinoma: A Pictorial Essay of Hepatocellular Carcinoma and the Revised American Association for the Study of Liver Disease Criteria. Can Assoc Radiol J 2012; 63:329-40. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carj.2011.09.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2011] [Revised: 08/19/2011] [Accepted: 09/01/2011] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Rashin F. Rastegar
- Department of Radiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Daniel Hou
- Department of Radiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Alison Harris
- Department of Radiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver General Hospital, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Eric Yoshida
- Division of Gastroenterology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Betty Lum
- Department of Radiology, Vancouver General Hospital, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Stephen Ho
- Department of Radiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver General Hospital, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Jo-Ann Ford
- BC Hepatitis Program, Gordon and Leslie Diamond Health Care Centre, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Stephen Chung
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Gilles Soulez
- Department of Radiology, University of Montreal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Edward Lee
- Interventional Radiology Section, Department of Radiological Sciences, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - David Liu
- Interventional Radiology Section, Department of Radiological Sciences, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, USA
- Interventional Radiology Section, Department of Radiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
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24
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Lin ZY, Chuang WL. Hepatocellular carcinoma cells cause different responses in expressions of cancer-promoting genes in different cancer-associated fibroblasts. Kaohsiung J Med Sci 2012; 29:312-8. [PMID: 23684136 DOI: 10.1016/j.kjms.2012.08.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2012] [Accepted: 05/15/2012] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancer-associated fibroblast (CAF) is one of the most crucial components of the tumor microenvironment to promote the invasiveness of cancer cells. The interactions between cancer cells and CAFs are bidirectional. Our recent study showed that up-regulations of chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 2 (CCL2), chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 26 (CCL26), interleukin 6 (IL6), and lysyl oxidase-like 2 (LOXL2) genes in cancer cells were parts of the common effects of CAFs on hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) cells to promote proliferation, migration and invasion of cancer cells. However, the subject of how HCC cells to influence the gene expressions of CAFs still needs to be clarified. The purpose of this study was to investigate this issue. Two human HCC (HCC24/KMUH, HCC38/KMUH) and two human CAF cell lines (F26/KMUH, F28/KMUH) were studied. Influence of HCC38/KMUH cancer cells on differential expressions of genes in F28/KMUH CAFs was detected by microarray to select target genes for further analysis. Both HCC cell lines increased proliferation (all p < 0.005) and migration (all p < 0.0001) of two CAF cell lines. HCC24/KMUH cancer cells had stronger ability to promote migration of F26/KMUH CAFs than HCC38/KMUH cancer cells did (p < 0.0001). Eleven up-regulated cancer-promoting genes, including apelin (APLN), CCL2, CCL26, fibroblast growth factor 1 (FGF1), fibroblast growth factor 2 (FGF2), IL6, mucin 1 (MUC1), LOXL2, platelet-derived growth factor alpha polypeptide (PDGFA), phosphoglycerate kinase 1 (PGK1), and vascular endothelial growth factor A (VEGFA) detected by microarray showed good correlation with results of quantitative reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction study. Among these genes, HCC24/KMUH cancer cells had same tendency of effects on differential expressions of genes in F28/KMUH CAFs as HCC38/KMUH cancer cells did. However, the responses of F26/KMUH CAFs to different HCC cell lines were variable. Only PGK1 gene was consistently up-regulated and PDGFA gene was consistently down-regulated caused by both HCC cell lines in F26/KMUH CAFs. Besides PGK1 gene, HCC38/KMUH cancer cells only up-regulated APLN, LOXL2, and VEGFA genes and HCC24/KMUH cancer cells only up-regulated FGF2 gene in F26/KMUH CAFs. In conclusion, HCC cells can promote proliferation and migration of CAFs. However, the impact of HCC cells on differential expressions of cancer-promoting genes in CAFs is influenced by the characteristics of CAFs. This implies that blocking single or several particular cancer-promoting genes in CAFs is unable to become a common stratagem for the treatment of HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zu-Yau Lin
- Cancer Center, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.
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25
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Kim TM, Shin SK, Kim TW, Youm SY, Kim DJ, Ahn B. Elm tree bark extract inhibits HepG2 hepatic cancer cell growth via pro-apoptotic activity. J Vet Sci 2012; 13:7-13. [PMID: 22437530 PMCID: PMC3317460 DOI: 10.4142/jvs.2012.13.1.7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Control of inflammation is widely accepted as an important strategy for cancer chemoprevention. Anti-inflammatory effects of bark extracts of elm tree (BEE) have been amply reported. Therefore, BEE may be a good candidate cancer chemopreventive agent. Considering the high incidence of hepatic cancer and limited therapeutic approaches for treating this disease, it is important to develop liver cancer-specific chemopreventive agents. To evaluate the chemopreventive potential of BEE, we investigated the growth inhibition effect of BEE on the HepG2 human hepatocellular carcinoma cell line. We performed a cell counting kit-8 assay to determine cell viability, and 4,6-diamino-2-phenylindole staining and flow cytometry to measure apoptotic cell death. Finally, the expression levels of pro- and anti-apoptotic proteins were measured. BEE inhibited the growth of HepG2 cells and induced apoptosis in a dose-dependent manner. Pro-apoptotic activity was promoted via the mitochondrial pathway of apoptosis, as demonstrated by the activation of pro-apoptotic proteins Bax, caspase-9, caspase-3, and poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase as well as the down-regulation of the anti-apoptotic protein Bcl-2. These results suggest that BEE may have potential use in hepatic cancer chemoprevention by suppressing cancer cell growth via pro-apoptotic activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tae Myoung Kim
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju 361-763, Korea
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26
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Liver transplantation for hepatocellular carcinoma: how far can the selection criteria be expanded? Hepatol Int 2012. [PMID: 26201470 DOI: 10.1007/s12072-012-9351-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
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27
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Lin ZY, Chuang YH, Chuang WL. Cancer-associated fibroblasts up-regulate CCL2, CCL26, IL6 and LOXL2 genes related to promotion of cancer progression in hepatocellular carcinoma cells. Biomed Pharmacother 2012; 66:525-9. [PMID: 22739041 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2012.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2012] [Accepted: 02/29/2012] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Impact of different cancer-associated fibroblast (CAF) cell lines on proliferation, migration, invasion and differential expressions of genes in different hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) cell lines was investigated. Two human CAF cell lines (F26/KMUH, F28/KMUH) and two human HCC cell lines (HCC24/KMUH, HCC38/KMUH) were studied. Influence of F28/KMUH cells on expressions of genes in HCC38/KMUH cells was detected by microarray to select genes for further analysis. Both CAF cell lines promoted proliferation (all P<0.05), migration (all P<0.05) and Matrigel invasion (all P<0.0001) of both HCC cell lines. F26/KMUH cells showed stronger promoted effects on, firstly, proliferation of HCC24/KMUH cells (P=0.0064) and, secondly, migration of both HCC cell lines than F28/KMUH cells did (all P<0.002). Ten up-regulated genes (APLN, CCL2, CCL26, CXCR4, IL6, MUC1, LOXL2, PDGFA, PGK1, VEGFA) related to proliferation, migration, invasion and angiogenesis of HCC detected by microarray were selected for quantitative reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction analysis. Both CAF cell lines had same tendency of effects on differential expressions of genes in same HCC cell line, but expressions of genes between different HCC cell lines were not consistent. Only CCL2, CCL26, IL6 and LOXL2 genes were consistently up-regulated in both HCC cell lines. In conclusion, the effects of CAFs to promote proliferation, migration and invasion of HCC cells are influenced by the characteristics of both CAFs and HCC cells. Up-regulations of CCL2, CCL26, IL6 and LOXL2 genes in cancer cells are part of the common effects of CAFs on HCC cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zu-Yau Lin
- Cancer Center and Division of Hepatobiliary Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.
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28
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Altekruse SF, McGlynn KA, Dickie LA, Kleiner DE. Hepatocellular carcinoma confirmation, treatment, and survival in surveillance, epidemiology, and end results registries, 1992-2008. Hepatology 2012; 55:476-82. [PMID: 21953588 PMCID: PMC3868012 DOI: 10.1002/hep.24710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 203] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Approaches to the diagnosis and management of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) are improving survival. In the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results-13 registries, HCC stage, histological confirmation, and first-course surgery were examined. Among 21,390 HCC cases diagnosed with follow-up of vital status during 1998-2008, there were 4,727 (22%) with reported first-course invasive liver surgery, local tumor destruction, or both. The proportion with reported liver surgery or ablation was 39% among localized stage cases and only 4% among distant/unstaged cases. Though 70% of cases had histologically confirmed diagnoses, the proportion with confirmed diagnoses was higher among cases with reported invasive surgery (99%), compared to cases receiving ablation (81%) or no reported therapy (65%). Incidence rates of histologically unconfirmed HCC increased faster than those of confirmed HCC from 1992 to 2008 (8% versus 3% per year). Two encouraging findings were that incidence rates of localized-stage HCC increased faster than rates of regional- and distant-stage HCC combined (8% versus 4% per year), and that incidence rates of reported first-course surgery or tumor destruction increased faster than incidence rates of HCC without such therapy (11% versus 7%). Between 1975-1977 and 1998-2007, 5-year cause-specific HCC survival increased from just 3% to 18%. Survival was 84% among transplant recipients, 53% among cases receiving radiofrequency ablation at early stage, 47% among cases undergoing resection, and 35% among cases receiving local tumor destruction. Asian or Pacific Islander cases had significantly better 5-year survival (23%) than white (18%), Hispanic (15%), or black cases (12%). CONCLUSION HCC survival is improving, because more cases are diagnosed and treated at early stages. Additional progress may be possible with continued use of clinical surveillance to follow individuals at risk for HCC, enabling early intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sean F Altekruse
- Division of Cancer Control and Population Sciences, National Cancer Institute, Rockville, MD 20852, USA.
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29
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Abstract
The non-classical actions of vitamin D, namely antiproliferation, pro-differentiation, pro-apoptosis, anti-inflammation, and immune regulation, have received great attention during the past decade. Increasing evidence from epidemiological studies showing the inverse association between vitamin D status and incidence of many forms of cancer as well as biochemical studies has suggested that vitamin D deficiency may play a role in the cause and progression of these types of cancer. Recently, vitamin D and its analogs have been deemed as potential regimen to treat a variety of cancers alone or in combination with other drugs. Although, the epidemiologic evidence regarding the association of vitamin D and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is still inconclusive, biochemical evidence clearly indicates that HCC cells are responsive to the inhibitory effect of vitamin D and its analogs. In this review, we discuss the current status of HCC and its treatment, the source, metabolism, functions, and the mechanism of actions of vitamin D, and the biochemical studies of vitamin D analogs and their implications in the prevention and treatment of HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kun-Chun Chiang
- General Surgery Department of Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung University, Keelung, Taiwan
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30
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Unek T, Karademir S, Arslan NC, Egeli T, Atasoy G, Sagol O, Obuz F, Akarsu M, Astarcioglu I. Comparison of Milan and UCSF criteria for liver transplantation to treat hepatocellular carcinoma. World J Gastroenterol 2011; 17:4206-12. [PMID: 22072852 PMCID: PMC3208365 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v17.i37.4206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2011] [Revised: 08/01/2011] [Accepted: 08/08/2011] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM: To assess the validity of the Milan and University of California San Francisco (UCSF) criteria and examine the long-term outcome of orthotopic liver transplantation (OLT) in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) in a single-center study.
METHODS: This study is a retrospective review of prospectively collected data. Between 1998 and 2009, 56 of 356 OLTs were performed in patients with HCC. Based on pathological examination of liver explants, patients were retrospectively categorized into 3 grou-ps: Milan + (n = 34), Milan -/UCSF + (n = 7) and UCSF - (n = 14).
RESULTS: Median follow-up period was 39.5 (1-124) mo. The 5-year overall survival rates in the Milan +, Milan -/UCSF + and UCSF-groups were 87.7%, 53.6% and 33.3%, respectively (P < 0.000). Within these groups, tumor recurrence was determined in 5.8%, 14.3% and 40% of patients, respectively (P < 0.011). Additionally, the presence of microvascular invasion within the explanted liver had a negative effect on the 5-year disease free survival (74.7% vs 46.7%, P < 0.044).
CONCLUSION: The Milan criteria are reliable in the selection of suitable candidates for OLT for the treatment of HCC. For cases of OLT involving living donors, the UCSF criteria may be applied.
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Percutaneous Radiofrequency Ablation for Treatment of Hepatocellular Carcinoma in the Caudate Lobe. AJR Am J Roentgenol 2011; 197:W571-5. [DOI: 10.2214/ajr.11.6893] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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Nanashima A, Taura N, Abo T, Ichikawa T, Sakamoto I, Nagayasu T, Nakao K. Tumor marker levels before and after curative treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma as predictors of patient survival. Dig Dis Sci 2011; 56:3086-100. [PMID: 21706206 DOI: 10.1007/s10620-011-1796-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2011] [Accepted: 06/08/2011] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND α-fetoprotein (AFP) is used as a marker for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), which is influenced by hepatitis. Protein-induced vitamin K absence or antagonist II (PIVKA-II) is a sensitive diagnostic marker. Changes in these markers after treatment may reflect curability and predict outcome. METHODS We conducted an analysis of prognosis in 470 HCC patients who received curative treatments, and examined the relationship between changes in AFP and PIVKA-II levels after 1 month of treatment in 156 patients. Subjects were divided into three groups according to changes in both levels: (1) normal (L) group before treatment, (2) normalization (N) or (3) decreased but still above normal level or unchanged (ANU) group after treatment. RESULTS High AFP and PIVKA-II levels were significantly associated with poor tumor-free and overall survival. The presence of large size and advanced stage were significantly associated with prevalence of DU group. Overall survival in the AFP-L group was significantly better than that of other groups and overall survival in PIVKA-II-L and N groups were significantly better than that of the PIVKA-II-ANU groups. The combination of changes in the AFP- ANU and PIVKA-II- ANU groups showed the worst tumor-free and overall survivals. Multivariate analysis identified high pre-treatment levels of AFP and PIVKA-II and combination of AFP- ANU and PIVKA-II- ANU as significant determinants of poor tumor-free and overall survival, particularly in patients who underwent hepatectomy. CONCLUSION We conclude that high levels of AFP or PIVKA-II after treatment for HCC did not sufficiently reflect curative efficacy of treatment and reflected a poor predictor of prognosis in HCC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atsushi Nanashima
- Division of Surgical Oncology and Department of Surgery, Nagasaki University Hospital, 1-7-1 Sakamoto, Nagasaki, 8528501, Japan.
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Gordon-Weeks AN, Snaith A, Petrinic T, Friend PJ, Burls A, Silva MA. Systematic review of outcome of downstaging hepatocellular cancer before liver transplantation in patients outside the Milan criteria. Br J Surg 2011; 98:1201-8. [PMID: 21618496 DOI: 10.1002/bjs.7561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/28/2011] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The aim of this systematic review was to assess the evidence on tumour downstaging before liver transplantation in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) initially staged beyond the Milan criteria. METHODS MEDLINE (from 1952), Embase (from 1980) and the Cochrane Library were searched. The review included cohort studies that reported the outcomes of patients with HCC outside the Milan criteria who underwent downstaging before transplantation. RESULTS Eight studies met the inclusion criteria and included a total of 720 patients who underwent transplantation following downstaging after initial presentation with disease outside the Milan criteria. The rate of successful downstaging varied from 24 to 69 per cent of patients. Reported survival rates ranged from 82 to 100 per cent, 79 to 100 per cent and 54·6 to 94 per cent at 1, 3 and 5 years respectively. These were comparable with results for patients presenting within the Milan criteria. CONCLUSION Successful downstaging of HCC to within the Milan criteria is feasible in a proportion of patients. Absolute and disease-free survival rates in patients transplanted following downstaging are comparable to those in patients within the Milan criteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- A N Gordon-Weeks
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Transplant Surgery, Churchill Hospital, Oxford Radcliffe Hospitals NHS Trust, Oxford, UK
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Abstract
Laparoscopic liver resection (LHR) has shown classical advantages of minimally invasive surgery over open counterpart. In spite of introduction in early 1990's only few centres worldwide adapted LHR to routine practice. It was due to considerable technical challenges and uncertainty about oncologic outcomes. Surgical instrumentation and accumulation of surgical experience has largely enabled to solve many technical considerations. Intraoperative navigation options have also been improved. Consequently indications have been drastically expanded nearly reaching criteria equal to open liver resection in expert centres. Recent studies have verified oncologic integrity of LHR. However, mastering of LHR is still a quite demanding task limiting expansion of this patient friendly technique. This emphasizes the necessity of systematic training for laparoscopic liver surgery. This article reviews the state of the art of laparoscopic liver surgery lightening burning issues of research and clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Edwin
- Intervention Centre, Oslo University Hospital, Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway.
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MAGE-3 and MAGE-4 genes as possible markers for early detection of metastases in hepatitis C virus Egyptian patients complicated by hepatocellular carcinoma. Med Oncol 2011; 29:994-9. [PMID: 21452042 DOI: 10.1007/s12032-011-9917-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2010] [Accepted: 03/18/2011] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The dissemination of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) cells into the circulation plays a critical role in post-operative recurrence and metastasis. Early detection of metastatic tumor cells is critical to identify HCC patients at high risk of relapse. MAGE-3 and -4 genes were evaluated by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction for the possibility of using them as new markers for early detection of metastases in 160 chronic HCV Egyptian patients, 115 of them were complicated with HCC. The expressions of MAGE-3 and MAGE-4 mRNA in peripheral blood of patients with metastatic HCC were 36 and 52%, respectively. While the expressions of MAGE-3 and MAGE-4 mRNA in peripheral blood of patients with localized HCC were 12.5 and 15%, respectively. Moreover, at least one type of mRNA was found in the peripheral blood of 68% of the metastatic HCC patients and in 20% of the localized HCC patients. While neither the controls nor the cirrhotic patients show expression of MAGE-4 mRNA in their peripheral blood. MAGE-3 and MAGE-4 may be a promising diagnostic tool for monitoring the prognosis of HCC patients and early detection of occult hematogenous metastasis of HCC.
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Guan YS, He Q. Sorafenib: activity and clinical application in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma. Expert Opin Pharmacother 2011; 12:303-13. [DOI: 10.1517/14656566.2011.546346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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Nguyen NTT, Cotton RT, Harring TR, Guiteau JJ, Gingras MC, Wheeler DA, O'Mahony CA, Gibbs RA, Brunicardi FC, Goss JA. A primer on a hepatocellular carcinoma bioresource bank using the cancer genome atlas guidelines: practical issues and pitfalls. World J Surg 2011; 35:1732-7. [PMID: 21221581 DOI: 10.1007/s00268-010-0953-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Since the advent of the human genome, the era of personalized genomic medicine is indisputably in progress. METHODS In an effort to contribute to the evolving knowledge of genomic medicine, we have aimed directly at building a bioresource bank for hepatocellular carcinoma. This tumor bank is based on the rigorous guidelines set forth by the National Cancer Institute, and it offers analytes to help elucidate the mechanisms of progression from cirrhosis to malignancy, risk factors for recurrence, and applicability of current treatment options to a diverse group of people. CONCLUSIONS Surgeons have a privileged position between patients (and their cancer) and the benches of basic science. Thus, we offer a primer based on our own experiences, from which surgeons may take elements to build their own bioresource bank for use in collaboration with others. We highlight some practicalities and pitfalls that could be overlooked, as well as a discussion of possible solutions.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Thao T Nguyen
- Michael E. DeBakey Department of Surgery, Baylor College of Medicine, 1709 Dryden Road, Suite #1500, BCM390, Houston, TX 77030, USA
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