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Markeev VB, Tishkov SV, Vorobei AM, Parenago OO, Blynskaya EV, Alekseev KV, Marakhova AI, Vetcher AA. Modeling of the Aqueous Solubility of N-butyl-N-methyl-1-phenylpyrrolo[1,2-a] pyrazine-3-carboxamide: From Micronization to Creation of Amorphous-Crystalline Composites with a Polymer. Polymers (Basel) 2023; 15:4136. [PMID: 37896380 PMCID: PMC10611044 DOI: 10.3390/polym15204136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2023] [Revised: 10/13/2023] [Accepted: 10/16/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
N-butyl-N-methyl-1-phenylpyrrole[1,2-a] pyrazine-3-carboxamide (GML-3) is a potential candidate for combination drug therapy due to its anxiolytic and antidepressant activity. The anxiolytic activity of GML-3 is comparable to diazepam. The antidepressant activity of GML-3 is comparable to amitriptyline. GML-3 is an 18 kDa mitochondrial translocator protein (TSPO) ligand and is devoid of most of the side effects of diazepam, which makes the research on the creation of drugs based on it promising. However, its low water solubility and tendency to agglomerate prevented its release. This research aimed to study the effect of dry grinding, the rapid expansion of a supercritical solution (RESS), and the eutectic mixture (composite) of GML-3 with polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) on the particle size, dissolution rate, and lattice retention of GML-3. The use of supercritical CO2 in the RESS method was promising in terms of particle size reduction, resulting in a reduction in the particle size of GML-3 to 20-40 nm with a 430-fold increase in dissolution rate. However, in addition to particle size reduction after RESS, GML-3 began to show signs of a polymorphism phenomenon, which was also studied in this article. It was found that coarse grinding reduced particle size by a factor of 2 but did not significantly affect solubility or crystal structure. Co-milling with the polymer made it possible to level the effect of the appearance of a residual electrostatic charge on the particles, as in the case of grinding, and the increased solubility in the resulting mechanical mixtures of GML-3 with the polymer may also indicate the dissolving properties of polymers (an increase in 400-800 times). The best result in terms of GML-3 solubility was demonstrated by the resulting GML-3:PVP composite at a ratio of 1:4, which made it possible to achieve a solubility of about 80% active pharmaceutical ingredient (API) within an hour with an increase in the dissolution rate by 1600 times. Thus, the creation of composites is the most effective method for improving the solubility of GML-3, superior to micronization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vladimir B. Markeev
- V.V. Zakusov Research Institute of Pharmacology, 8 Baltiyskaya St., 125315 Moscow, Russia; (S.V.T.); (E.V.B.); (K.V.A.)
| | - Sergey V. Tishkov
- V.V. Zakusov Research Institute of Pharmacology, 8 Baltiyskaya St., 125315 Moscow, Russia; (S.V.T.); (E.V.B.); (K.V.A.)
| | - Anton M. Vorobei
- Kurnakov Institute of General and Inorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, 31Leninsky Pr., 119071 Moscow, Russia; (A.M.V.); (O.O.P.)
| | - Olga O. Parenago
- Kurnakov Institute of General and Inorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, 31Leninsky Pr., 119071 Moscow, Russia; (A.M.V.); (O.O.P.)
| | - Evgenia V. Blynskaya
- V.V. Zakusov Research Institute of Pharmacology, 8 Baltiyskaya St., 125315 Moscow, Russia; (S.V.T.); (E.V.B.); (K.V.A.)
- Institute of Biochemical Technology and Nanotechnology, Peoples’ Friendship University of Russia n.a. P. Lumumba (RUDN), 6 Miklukho-Maklaya St., 117198 Moscow, Russia;
| | - Konstantin V. Alekseev
- V.V. Zakusov Research Institute of Pharmacology, 8 Baltiyskaya St., 125315 Moscow, Russia; (S.V.T.); (E.V.B.); (K.V.A.)
| | - Anna I. Marakhova
- Institute of Biochemical Technology and Nanotechnology, Peoples’ Friendship University of Russia n.a. P. Lumumba (RUDN), 6 Miklukho-Maklaya St., 117198 Moscow, Russia;
| | - Alexandre A. Vetcher
- Institute of Biochemical Technology and Nanotechnology, Peoples’ Friendship University of Russia n.a. P. Lumumba (RUDN), 6 Miklukho-Maklaya St., 117198 Moscow, Russia;
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Sodeifian G, Usefi MMB. Solubility, Extraction, and Nanoparticles Production in Supercritical Carbon Dioxide: A Mini‐Review. CHEMBIOENG REVIEWS 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/cben.202200020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Gholamhossein Sodeifian
- University of Kashan Faculty of Engineering, Department of Chemical Engineering 87317-53153 Kashan Iran
- University of Kashan Laboratory of Supercritical Fluids and Nanotechnology 87317-53153 Kashan Iran
| | - Mohammad Mahdi Behvand Usefi
- University of Kashan Faculty of Engineering, Department of Chemical Engineering 87317-53153 Kashan Iran
- University of Kashan Laboratory of Supercritical Fluids and Nanotechnology 87317-53153 Kashan Iran
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3
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Theoretical and experimental study on Chloroquine drug solubility in supercritical carbon dioxide via the thermodynamic, multi-layer perceptron neural network (MLPNN), and molecular modeling. ARAB J CHEM 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.arabjc.2022.104371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
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4
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Belov KV, Batista de Carvalho LAE, Dyshin AA, Kiselev MG, Sobornova VV, Khodov IA. Conformational Analysis of Mefenamic Acid in scCO2-DMSO by the 2D NOESY Method. RUSSIAN JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY B 2022. [DOI: 10.1134/s1990793122070028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
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5
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Supercritical carbon dioxide solubility measurement and modelling for effective size reduction of nifedipine particles for transdermal application. Int J Pharm 2022; 630:122425. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2022.122425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2022] [Revised: 11/02/2022] [Accepted: 11/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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6
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Belov KV, Batista de Carvalho LAE, Dyshin AA, Efimov SV, Khodov IA. The Role of Hidden Conformers in Determination of Conformational Preferences of Mefenamic Acid by NOESY Spectroscopy. Pharmaceutics 2022; 14:2276. [PMID: 36365095 PMCID: PMC9696638 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics14112276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2022] [Revised: 10/20/2022] [Accepted: 10/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Mefenamic acid has been used as a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug for a long time. However, its practical use is quite limited due to a number of side effects on the intestinal organs. Conformational polymorphism provides mefenamic acid with unique properties regarding possible modifications obtained during the micronization process, which can improve pharmacokinetics and minimize side effects. Micronization can be performed by decompression of supercritical fluids; methods such as rapid expansion of the supercritical solution have proven their efficiency. However, this group of methods is poorly applicable for compounds with low solubility, and the modification of the method using a pharmaceutically suitable co-solvent may be useful. In our case, addition of only 2 mol% dimethyl sulfoxide increased the solubility remarkably. Information on the conformational state may be critically important for carrying out micronization. In this work, structural analysis and estimate of conformational preferences of mefenamic acid in dimethyl sulfoxide-d6 (at 25 °C and 0.1 MPa) and in a mixed solvent supercritical carbon dioxide + dimethyl sulfoxide-d6 (45 °C, 9 MPa) were performed based on nuclear Overhauser effect spectroscopy. Results show changes in the conformation fractions depending on the medium used. The importance of allowing for hidden conformers in estimating the conformational state was demonstrated in the analysis. Obtained results may be useful for improving micronization parameters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Konstantin V. Belov
- Krestov Institute of Solution Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, 153045 Ivanovo, Russia
| | | | - Alexey A. Dyshin
- Krestov Institute of Solution Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, 153045 Ivanovo, Russia
| | - Sergey V. Efimov
- Institute of Physics, Kazan Federal University, 420008 Kazan, Russia
| | - Ilya A. Khodov
- Krestov Institute of Solution Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, 153045 Ivanovo, Russia
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Montes A, Merino E, Valor D, Guamán-Balcázar MC, Pereyra C, Martínez de la Ossa EJ. From olive leaves to spherical nanoparticles by one-step RESS process precipitation. Eur Food Res Technol 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s00217-022-04127-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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8
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Islam T, Sarker MZI, Uddin ABMH, Smith RL. Acetaminophen synthesis and encapsulation using safe mixed-solvents and solution enhanced dispersion by supercritical CO2. J Supercrit Fluids 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.supflu.2022.105669] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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9
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O'Sullivan A, Long B, Verma V, Ryan KM, Padrela L. Solid-State and Particle Size Control of Pharmaceutical Cocrystals using Atomization-Based Techniques. Int J Pharm 2022; 621:121798. [PMID: 35525471 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2022.121798] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2022] [Revised: 04/28/2022] [Accepted: 04/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Poor bioavailability and aqueous solubility represent a major constraint during the development of new API molecules and can influence the impact of new medicines or halt their approval to the market. Cocrystals offer a novel and competitive advantage over other conventional methods with respect towards the substantial improvement in solubility profiles relative to the single-API crystals. Furthermore, the production of such cocrystals through atomization-based methods allow for greater control, with respect to particle size reduction, to further increase the solubility of the API. Such atomization-based methods include supercritical fluid methods, conventional spray drying and electrohydrodynamic atomization/electrospraying. The influence of process parameters such as solution flow rates, pressure and solution concentration, in controlling the solid-state and final particle size are discussed in this review with respect to atomization-based methods. For the last decade, literature has been attempting to catch-up with new regulatory rulings regarding the classification of cocrystals, due in part to data sparsity. In recent years, there has been an increase in cocrystal publications, specifically employing atomization-based methods. This review considers the benefits to employing atomization-based methods for the generation of pharmaceutical cocrystals, examines the most recent regulatory changes regarding cocrystals and provides an outlook towards the future of this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aaron O'Sullivan
- SSPC Research Centre, Department of Chemical Sciences, Bernal Institute, University of Limerick, Limerick, Ireland
| | - Barry Long
- SSPC Research Centre, Department of Chemical Sciences, Bernal Institute, University of Limerick, Limerick, Ireland
| | - Vivek Verma
- SSPC Research Centre, Department of Chemical Sciences, Bernal Institute, University of Limerick, Limerick, Ireland
| | - Kevin M Ryan
- SSPC Research Centre, Department of Chemical Sciences, Bernal Institute, University of Limerick, Limerick, Ireland
| | - Luis Padrela
- SSPC Research Centre, Department of Chemical Sciences, Bernal Institute, University of Limerick, Limerick, Ireland.
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10
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Islam T, Al Ragib A, Ferdosh S, Uddin ABMH, Haque Akanda MJ, Mia MAR, D. M RP, Kamaruzzaman BY, Islam Sarker MZ. Development of nanoparticles for pharmaceutical preparations using supercritical techniques. CHEM ENG COMMUN 2022. [DOI: 10.1080/00986445.2021.1983545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tariqul Islam
- Faculty of Pharmacy, International Islamic University Malaysia, Kuantan, Pahang, Malaysia
| | - Abdullah Al Ragib
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China
| | - Sahena Ferdosh
- Faculty of Science, International Islamic University Malaysia, Kuantan, Pahang, Malaysia
| | - A. B. M. Helal Uddin
- Faculty of Pharmacy, International Islamic University Malaysia, Kuantan, Pahang, Malaysia
| | | | - Md. Abdur Rashid Mia
- Faculty of Pharmacy, International Islamic University Malaysia, Kuantan, Pahang, Malaysia
| | - Reddy Prasad D. M
- Petroleum and Chemical Engineering Programme area, Universiti Technology Brunei, Gadong, Brunei Darussalam
| | - Bin Yunus Kamaruzzaman
- Faculty of Science, International Islamic University Malaysia, Kuantan, Pahang, Malaysia
| | - Md. Zaidul Islam Sarker
- Faculty of Pharmacy, International Islamic University Malaysia, Kuantan, Pahang, Malaysia
- Food Science Program, Cooperative Research, Education and Extension Services, Northern Marianas College, Saipan, MP, USA
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11
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MacEachern L, Kermanshahi-Pour A, Mirmehrabi M. Transformation under pressure: Discovery of a novel crystalline form of anthelmintic drug Praziquantel using high-pressure supercritical carbon dioxide. Int J Pharm 2022; 619:121723. [PMID: 35395364 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2022.121723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2021] [Revised: 03/29/2022] [Accepted: 04/03/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Supercritical carbon dioxide (CO2) has been used as a processing technique to control polymorphism of pharmaceuticals. However, there are fewer reports of novel polymorphs being discovered by supercritical CO2 processing. As supercritical crystallization methods gain attention for potential in pharmaceutical processing, they may become a critical screening tool for discovery of new polymorphs. In this work, a case study is presented for a novel crystalline form of the anthelmintic drug, Praziquantel, found through supercritical CO2 processing. The novel form of Praziquantel was characterized by chromatography, nuclear magnetic resonance and infrared spectroscopy, X-ray powder diffraction, thermal analysis, and scanning electron microscopy. Furthermore, the novel form exhibited 13-20% improved solubility compared to commercial Form A between pH 1.6 and 7.5 and was physically stable under stressed conditions (40 °C and 75% relative humidity) for 7.5 weeks. Overall, this work showed that supercritical CO2 processing is a valuable tool to screen for novel, and possibly viable polymorphs of pharmaceutical compounds with improved properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lauren MacEachern
- Biorefining and Remediation Laboratory, Department of Process Engineering and Applied Science, Dalhousie University, 1360 Barrington Street, Halifax, Nova Scotia B3J 1Z1, Canada; Solid State Pharma Inc., 1489 Hollis Street, Suite 300, Halifax, Nova Scotia B3J 3M5, Canada
| | - Azadeh Kermanshahi-Pour
- Biorefining and Remediation Laboratory, Department of Process Engineering and Applied Science, Dalhousie University, 1360 Barrington Street, Halifax, Nova Scotia B3J 1Z1, Canada.
| | - Mahmoud Mirmehrabi
- Solid State Pharma Inc., 1489 Hollis Street, Suite 300, Halifax, Nova Scotia B3J 3M5, Canada.
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12
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R Sá M, Sarraguça JMG, de Sousa FF, Sarraguça MSC, Lopes JA, Lima ADDSG, Lage MR, Ribeiro PRS. Structural, thermal, vibrational, solubility and DFT studies of a tolbutamide co-amorphous drug delivery system for treatment of diabetes. Int J Pharm 2022; 615:121500. [PMID: 35077862 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2022.121500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2021] [Revised: 01/12/2022] [Accepted: 01/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Among the strategies for bioavailability improvement of poorly soluble drugs, co-amorphous systems have revealed to have a significant impact in the increase of the aqueous solubility of the drug, and at the same time increasing the amorphous state stability and dissolution rate when compared with the neat drug. Tolbutamide (TBM) is an oral hypoglycemic drug largely used in the treatment of type II Mellitus diabetes. TBM is a class II drug according to the Biopharmaceutical Classification System, meaning that it has low solubility and higher permeability. The aim of this study was to synthesize a co-amorphous material of tolbutamide (TBM) with tromethamine (TRIS). Density functional theory (DFT), allowed to study the structural, electronic, and thermodynamic properties, as well as solvation effects. In same theory level, several interactions tests were performed to obtain the most thermodynamically favorable drug-coformer intermolecular interactions. The vibrational spectra (mid infrared and Raman spectroscopy) are in accordance with the theoretical studies, showing that the main molecular interactions are due to the carbonyl, sulfonyl, and amide groups of TMB and the alcohol and amine groups of TRIS. X-ray powder diffraction was used to study the physical stability in dry condition at 25 °C of the co-amorphous system, indicating that the material remained in an amorphous state up to 90 days. Differential scanning calorimetry and thermogravimetric results showed a high increase of the Tg when compared with the amorphous neat drug, from 4.3 °C to 83.7 °C, which generally translated into good physical stability. Solubilities studies demonstrated an increase in the solubility of TBM by 2.5 fold when compared with its crystalline counterpart.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mônica R Sá
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências dos Materiais, Centro de Ciências Sociais, Saúde e Tecnologia, Universidade Federal do Maranhão, Imperatriz, MA 65900-410, Brazil
| | - Jorge M G Sarraguça
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências dos Materiais, Centro de Ciências Sociais, Saúde e Tecnologia, Universidade Federal do Maranhão, Imperatriz, MA 65900-410, Brazil
| | - Francisco F de Sousa
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências dos Materiais, Centro de Ciências Sociais, Saúde e Tecnologia, Universidade Federal do Maranhão, Imperatriz, MA 65900-410, Brazil; Instituto de Ciências Exatas e Naturais, Universidade Federal do Pará, CEP 66075-110 Belém, PA, Brazil
| | - Mafalda S C Sarraguça
- LAQV/REQUIMTE, Laboratório de Química Aplicada, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade do Porto, Portugal
| | - João A Lopes
- iMed.ULisboa, Research Institute for Medicines, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Prof. Gama Pinto, 1649-003 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Antonio Douglas da S G Lima
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências dos Materiais, Centro de Ciências Sociais, Saúde e Tecnologia, Universidade Federal do Maranhão, Imperatriz, MA 65900-410, Brazil
| | - Mateus R Lage
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências dos Materiais, Centro de Ciências Sociais, Saúde e Tecnologia, Universidade Federal do Maranhão, Imperatriz, MA 65900-410, Brazil; Coordenação do Curso de Ciência e Tecnologia, Universidade Federal do Maranhão, 65800-000 Balsas, MA, Brazil
| | - Paulo R S Ribeiro
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências dos Materiais, Centro de Ciências Sociais, Saúde e Tecnologia, Universidade Federal do Maranhão, Imperatriz, MA 65900-410, Brazil.
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Milovanović S, Lukić I. An overview on the application of supercritical carbon dioxide for the processing of pharmaceuticals. ARHIV ZA FARMACIJU 2022. [DOI: 10.5937/arhfarm72-39999] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Supercritical carbon dioxide (scCO2) application in the pharmaceutical industry is still undeveloped regardless of significant research interests in this processing medium shown in the last decades. ScCO2 technologies can improve drug solubility, bioavailability, and therapeutic effect. These technologies can lead to the development of new formulations that will contribute to a decrease in drug dose, medication frequency, and increase patients' well-being. Considering the significant decrease in the price of high-pressure equipment and society's growing need for cleaner production and safer products, it is expected that symbiosis between supercritical fluid and pharmaceutical technologies will happen soon. Therefore, this review was focused on the latest contributions of scCO2 technologies to the pharmaceutical field. The main aim was to bring these technologies closer to pharmaceutical specialists. For this purpose, the most commonly used technologies were explained and discussed: the preparation of solid dispersions, polymer impregnation with drugs, and drug micro/nanoparticle production using scCO2.
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Kumar R, Thakur AK, Banerjee N, Chaudhari P. A critical review on the particle generation and other applications of rapid expansion of supercritical solution. Int J Pharm 2021; 608:121089. [PMID: 34530097 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2021.121089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2021] [Revised: 08/29/2021] [Accepted: 09/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
The novel particle generation processes of Active Pharmaceutical Ingredient (API)/drug have been extensively explored in recent decades due to their wide-range applications in the pharmaceutical industry. The Rapid Expansion of Supercritical Solutions (RESS) is one of the promising techniques to obtain the fine particles (micro to nano-size) of APIs with narrow particle size distribution (PSD). In RESS, supercritical carbon dioxide (SC CO2) and API are used as solvent and solute respectively. In this literature survey, the application of RESS in the formation of fine particles is critically reviewed. Solubility of API in SC CO2 and supersaturation are the key factors in tuning the particle size. The different approaches to model and predict the solubility of API in SC CO2 are discussed. Then, the effect of process parameters on mean particle size and the particle size distribution are interpreted in the context of solubility and supersaturation. Furthermore, the less-explored applications of RESS in preparation of solid-lipid nanoparticles, liposome, polymorphic conversion, cocrystallization and inclusion complexation are compared with traditional processes. The solubility enhancement of API in SC CO2 using co-solvent and its applications in particle generation are explored in published literature. The development and modifications in the conventional RESS process to overcome the limitations of RESS are presented. Finally, the perspective on RESS with special attention to its commercial operation is highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rahul Kumar
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Petroleum and Energy Studies, Dehradun 248007, Uttarakhand, India.
| | - Amit K Thakur
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Petroleum and Energy Studies, Dehradun 248007, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Nilanjana Banerjee
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Petroleum and Energy Studies, Dehradun 248007, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Pranava Chaudhari
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Petroleum and Energy Studies, Dehradun 248007, Uttarakhand, India
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D’Auria M, Willger M, Piña D, Ventosa N, Braeuer AS. Pressure drop particle precipitation from a quasi-incompressible, ternary and liquid mixture. J Supercrit Fluids 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.supflu.2021.105301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Kankala RK, Xu PY, Chen BQ, Wang SB, Chen AZ. Supercritical fluid (SCF)-assisted fabrication of carrier-free drugs: An eco-friendly welcome to active pharmaceutical ingredients (APIs). Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2021; 176:113846. [PMID: 34197896 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2021.113846] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2021] [Revised: 06/02/2021] [Accepted: 06/21/2021] [Indexed: 02/09/2023]
Abstract
Despite the success in developing various pharmaceutical formulations, most of the active pharmaceutical ingredients (APIs)/drugs, according to the Biopharmaceutics Classification System (BCS), often suffer from various intrinsic limitations of solubility and permeability, substantially hindering their bioavailability in vivo. Regardless of the fact that the availability of different particle fabrication approaches (top-down and bottom-up) towards pharmaceutical manufacturing, the supercritical fluid (SCF) technology has emerged as one of the highly effective substitutes due to the environmentally benign nature and processing convenience, as well as the economically promising character of SCFs. The exceptional features of SCFs have endowed the fabrication of various APIs either solely or in combination with the compatible supramolecular species towards achieving improved drug delivery. Operating such APIs in high-pressure conditions often results in arbitrary-sized particulate forms, ranging from micron-sized to sub-micron/nano-sized particles. Comparatively, these SCF-processed particles offer enhanced tailorable physicochemical and morphological properties (size, shape, and surface), as well as improved performance efficacy (bioavailability and therapy) over the unprocessed APIs. Although the "carrier-based" delivery is practical among diverse delivery systems, the direct fabrication of APIs into suitable particulate forms, referred to as "carrier-free" delivery, has increased attention towards improving the bioavailability and conveying a high payload of the APIs. This review gives a comprehensive emphasis on the SCF-assisted fabrication of diverse APIs towards exploring their great potential in drug delivery. Initially, we discuss various challenges of drug delivery and particle fabrication approaches. Further, different supercritical carbon dioxide (SC-CO2)-based fabrication approaches depending on the character of SCFs are explicitly described, highlighting their advantages and suitability in processing diverse APIs. Then, we provide detailed insights on various processing factors affecting the properties and morphology of SCF-processed APIs and their pharmaceutical applications, emphasizing their performance efficacy when administered through multiple routes of administration. Finally, we summarize this compilation with exciting perspectives based on the lessons learned so far and moving forward in terms of challenges and opportunities in the scale-up and clinical translation of these drugs using this innovative technology.
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Utilization of supercritical CO2 gas antisolvent (GAS) for production of Capecitabine nanoparticles as anti-cancer drug: Analysis and optimization of the process conditions. J CO2 UTIL 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcou.2021.101465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
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Nanoparticles and Nanocrystals by Supercritical CO2-Assisted Techniques for Pharmaceutical Applications: A Review. APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/app11041476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Many active ingredients currently prescribed show limited therapeutic efficacy, mainly due to their dissolution rate inadequate to treat the pathology of interest. A large drug particle size creates an additional problem if a specific site of action in the human body has to be reached. For this reason, active ingredient size reduction using micronization/nanonization techniques is a valid approach to improve the efficacy of active compounds. Supercritical carbon-dioxide-assisted technologies enable the production of different morphologies of different sizes, including nanoparticles and nanocrystals, by modulating operating conditions. Supercritical fluid-based processes have numerous advantages over techniques conventionally employed to produce nanosized particles or crystals, such as reduced use of toxic solvents, which are completely removed from the final product, ensuring safety for patients. Active compounds can be processed alone by supercritical techniques, although polymeric carriers are often added as stabilizers, to control the drug release on the basis of the desired therapeutic effect, as well as to improve drug processability with the chosen technology. This updated review on the application of supercritical micronization/nanonization techniques in the pharmaceutical field aims at highlighting the most effective current results, operating conditions, advantages, and limitations, providing future perspectives.
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Particle Size Reduction Techniques of Pharmaceutical Compounds for the Enhancement of Their Dissolution Rate and Bioavailability. J Pharm Innov 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s12247-020-09530-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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Investigation of Aerogel Production Processes: Solvent Exchange under High Pressure Combined with Supercritical Drying in One Apparatus. Gels 2021; 7:gels7010004. [PMID: 33466392 PMCID: PMC7838798 DOI: 10.3390/gels7010004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2020] [Revised: 12/21/2020] [Accepted: 12/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
This work aims to contribute to the theoretical and experimental research of supercritical processes for intensification and combination in one apparatus. Investigation is carried out to improve production technology of organic alginate aerogels. It is proposed within the investigation to carry out the solvent exchange stage, an important stage of organic aerogels production, under pressure in a carbon dioxide medium in the same apparatus used for supercritical drying. The phase behavior in the system "carbon dioxide-water-2-propanol", which arises during such a solvent exchange stage, is studied theoretically. An experimental study of the process of step-by-step solvent exchange under pressure was carried out through multiphase and homogeneous regions of the phase diagram of such a system. As a result, new highly efficient technology for the production of organic aerogels was proposed, which can be implemented by combining the two main stages of the process.
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Alekseev ES, Alentiev AY, Belova AS, Bogdan VI, Bogdan TV, Bystrova AV, Gafarova ER, Golubeva EN, Grebenik EA, Gromov OI, Davankov VA, Zlotin SG, Kiselev MG, Koklin AE, Kononevich YN, Lazhko AE, Lunin VV, Lyubimov SE, Martyanov ON, Mishanin II, Muzafarov AM, Nesterov NS, Nikolaev AY, Oparin RD, Parenago OO, Parenago OP, Pokusaeva YA, Ronova IA, Solovieva AB, Temnikov MN, Timashev PS, Turova OV, Filatova EV, Philippov AA, Chibiryaev AM, Shalygin AS. Supercritical fluids in chemistry. RUSSIAN CHEMICAL REVIEWS 2020. [DOI: 10.1070/rcr4932] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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Ustinovich KB, Ivanov VV, Tokunov YM, Loshkarev AA, Sapronova NI, Vorobei AM, Parenago OO, Kiselev MG. Study of Dispersions of Carbon Nanotubes Modified by the Method of Rapid Expansion of Supercritical Suspensions. Molecules 2020; 25:E4061. [PMID: 32899530 PMCID: PMC7570609 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25184061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2020] [Revised: 09/01/2020] [Accepted: 09/03/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The effectiveness of carbon nanotubes (CNT) deagglomeration by rapid expansion of supercritical suspensions (RESS) in nitrogen and carbon dioxide fluids was studied in this work. Two different mechanisms of deagglomeration were proposed for these two fluids at various temperature and pressure conditions. Ultrasound attenuation spectroscopy was applied as an express method of determining median diameter and aspect ratio of CNTs. At least twofold reduction of the diameter was shown for CNT bundles processed by RESS technique. Aspect ratio of processed CNTs, calculated from acoustic attenuation spectra, increased to 340. These results were in a good agreement with atomic force microscopy data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Konstantin B. Ustinovich
- Kurnakov Institute of General and Inorganic Chemistry of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 119071 Moscow, Russia; (K.B.U.); (A.M.V.); (O.O.P.)
| | - Victor V. Ivanov
- Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, National Research University, 141701 Dolgoprudny, Russia; (V.V.I.); (Y.M.T.); (A.A.L.); (N.I.S.)
| | - Yurij M. Tokunov
- Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, National Research University, 141701 Dolgoprudny, Russia; (V.V.I.); (Y.M.T.); (A.A.L.); (N.I.S.)
| | - Alexander A. Loshkarev
- Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, National Research University, 141701 Dolgoprudny, Russia; (V.V.I.); (Y.M.T.); (A.A.L.); (N.I.S.)
| | - Natalya I. Sapronova
- Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, National Research University, 141701 Dolgoprudny, Russia; (V.V.I.); (Y.M.T.); (A.A.L.); (N.I.S.)
| | - Anton M. Vorobei
- Kurnakov Institute of General and Inorganic Chemistry of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 119071 Moscow, Russia; (K.B.U.); (A.M.V.); (O.O.P.)
| | - Olga O. Parenago
- Kurnakov Institute of General and Inorganic Chemistry of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 119071 Moscow, Russia; (K.B.U.); (A.M.V.); (O.O.P.)
- Chemical Department, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119234 Moscow, Russia
| | - Michael G. Kiselev
- G.A. Krestov Institute of Solution Chemistry of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 153045 Ivanovo, Russia
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Bertoni S, Albertini B, Passerini N. Different BCS Class II Drug-Gelucire Solid Dispersions Prepared by Spray Congealing: Evaluation of Solid State Properties and In Vitro Performances. Pharmaceutics 2020; 12:pharmaceutics12060548. [PMID: 32545643 PMCID: PMC7356387 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics12060548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2020] [Revised: 06/05/2020] [Accepted: 06/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Delivery of poorly water soluble active pharmaceutical ingredients (APIs) by semi-crystalline solid dispersions prepared by spray congealing in form of microparticles (MPs) is an emerging method to increase their oral bioavailability. In this study, solid dispersions based on hydrophilic Gelucires® (Gelucire® 50/13 and Gelucire® 48/16 in different ratio) of three BCS class II model compounds (carbamazepine, CBZ, tolbutamide, TBM, and cinnarizine, CIN) having different physicochemical properties (logP, pKa, Tm) were produced by spray congealing process. The obtained MPs were investigated in terms of morphology, particles size, drug content, solid state properties, drug-carrier interactions, solubility, and dissolution performances. The solid-state characterization showed that the properties of the incorporated drug had a profound influence on the structure of the obtained solid dispersion: CBZ recrystallized in a different polymorphic form, TBM crystallinity was significantly reduced as a result of specific interactions with the carrier, while smaller crystals were observed in case of CIN. The in vitro tests suggested that the drug solubility was mainly influenced by carrier composition, while the drug dissolution behavior was affected by the API solid state in the MPs after the spray congealing process. Among the tested APIs, TBM-Gelucire dispersions showed the highest enhancement in drug dissolution as a result of the reduced drug crystallinity.
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Cuadra IA, Cabañas A, Cheda JA, Türk M, Pando C. Cocrystallization of the anticancer drug 5-fluorouracil and coformers urea, thiourea or pyrazinamide using supercritical CO2 as an antisolvent (SAS) and as a solvent (CSS). J Supercrit Fluids 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.supflu.2020.104813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
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Yang TM, Li JS, Yeh TF, Su CS. Solid Solubilities of Sulfonamides and Use of Rapid Expansion of Supercritical Solutions for Microparticle Production. Chem Eng Technol 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ceat.201900646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Tsung-Mao Yang
- National Taipei University of TechnologyDepartment of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology Taipei Taiwan
- National Defense UniversityDepartment of Chemical and Materials EngineeringChung Cheng Institute of Technology Taoyuan Taiwan
| | - Jin-Shuh Li
- National Defense UniversityDepartment of Chemical and Materials EngineeringChung Cheng Institute of Technology Taoyuan Taiwan
| | - Tsao-Fa Yeh
- National Defense UniversityDepartment of Chemical and Materials EngineeringChung Cheng Institute of Technology Taoyuan Taiwan
| | - Chie-Shaan Su
- National Taipei University of TechnologyDepartment of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology Taipei Taiwan
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Wang BC, Su CS. Solid solubility measurement of ipriflavone in supercritical carbon dioxide and microparticle production through the rapid expansion of supercritical solutions process. J CO2 UTIL 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcou.2019.12.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Gomes MTMS, Santana ÁL, Santos DT, Meireles MAA. Trends on the Rapid Expansion of Supercritical Solutions Process Applied to Food and Non-food Industries. Recent Pat Food Nutr Agric 2020; 10:82-92. [PMID: 30255763 DOI: 10.2174/2212798410666180925160459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2018] [Revised: 08/20/2018] [Accepted: 09/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The supercritical fluids applied to particle engineering over the last years have received growing interest from the food and non-food industries, in terms of processing, packaging, and preservation of several products. The rapid expansion of supercritical solutions (RESS) process has been recently reported as an efficient technique for the production of free-solvent particles with controlled morphology and size distribution. OBJECTIVE In this review, we report technological aspects of the application of the RESS process applied to the food and non-food industry, considering recent data and patent survey registered in literature. METHODS The effect of process parameters cosolvent addition, temperature, pressure, nozzle size among others, during RESS on the size, structure and morphology of the resulted particles, and the main differences about recent patented RESS processes are reviewed. RESULTS Most of the experimental works intend to optimize their processes through investigation of process parameters. CONCLUSION RESS is a feasible alternative for the production of particles with a high yield of bioactive constituents of interest to the food industry. On the other hand, patents developed using this type of process for food products are very scarce, less attention being given to the potential of this technique to develop particles from plant extracts with bioactive substances.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria T M S Gomes
- LASEFI/DEA/FEA (School of Food Engineering)/UNICAMP (University of Campinas) Cidade Universitaria "ZeferinoVaz", Rua Monteiro Lobato, 80, Campinas 13083-862, Brazil
| | - Ádina L Santana
- LASEFI/DEA/FEA (School of Food Engineering)/UNICAMP (University of Campinas) Cidade Universitaria "ZeferinoVaz", Rua Monteiro Lobato, 80, Campinas 13083-862, Brazil
| | - Diego T Santos
- LASEFI/DEA/FEA (School of Food Engineering)/UNICAMP (University of Campinas) Cidade Universitaria "ZeferinoVaz", Rua Monteiro Lobato, 80, Campinas 13083-862, Brazil
| | - Maria A A Meireles
- LASEFI/DEA/FEA (School of Food Engineering)/UNICAMP (University of Campinas) Cidade Universitaria "ZeferinoVaz", Rua Monteiro Lobato, 80, Campinas 13083-862, Brazil
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Application of Box-Behnken Design to Investigate the Effect of Process Parameters on the Microparticle Production of Ethenzamide through the Rapid Expansion of the Supercritical Solutions Process. Pharmaceutics 2020; 12:pharmaceutics12010042. [PMID: 31947846 PMCID: PMC7022259 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics12010042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2019] [Revised: 12/25/2019] [Accepted: 12/28/2019] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
In this study, the rapid expansion of the supercritical solutions (RESS) process was used to produce microparticles of a commonly used anti-inflammatory drug, ethenzamide. The effects of process parameters in RESS including the extraction temperature, pre-expansion temperature, and post-expansion temperature were investigated using the Box-Behnken design. According to the results of the analysis of variance (ANOVA), the effect of pre-expansion temperature is the most significant parameter on the mean size of RESS-produced ethenzamide. A higher pre-expansion temperature benefits the production of smaller crystals. In addition, a quadratic effect of the post-expansion temperature was also identified. Through RESS, ethenzamide microparticles with a mean size of 1.6 μm were successfully produced. The solid-state properties including the crystal habit, crystal form, thermal behavior, and spectrometric property were characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Fourier-transform infrared spectrometer (FTIR), differential scanning calorimeter (DSC), and powder X-ray diffraction (PXRD). These analytical results show that the rod-like crystals were generated through RESS, and the crystal form, thermal behavior, and spectrometric property of RESS-produced crystals are consistent with the unprocessed ethenzamide.
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Oparin RD, Vaksler YA, Krestyaninov MA, Idrissi A, Shishkina SV, Kiselev MG. Polymorphism and conformations of mefenamic acid in supercritical carbon dioxide. J Supercrit Fluids 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.supflu.2019.104547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Jiao Z, Han S, Wang W, Song J, Cheng J. Preparation and optimization of Vitamin E acetate liposomes using a modified RESS process combined with response surface methodology. PARTICULATE SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY 2019. [DOI: 10.1080/02726351.2019.1636913] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Zhen Jiao
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
- Centre for Nanobiotechnology, Joint Research Institute of Southeast University and Monash University, Suzhou, China
| | - Sai Han
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Weifang Wang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Junying Song
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jiangrui Cheng
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
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Jiao Z, Wang X, Han S, Zha X, Xia J. Preparation of vitamin C liposomes by rapid expansion of supercritical solution process: Experiments and optimization. J Drug Deliv Sci Technol 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jddst.2019.02.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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Montes A, Hanke F, Williamson D, Guamán-Balcázar M, Valor D, Pereyra C, Teipel U, Martínez de la Ossa E. Precipitation of powerful antioxidant nanoparticles from orange leaves by means of supercritical CO2. J CO2 UTIL 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcou.2019.03.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Han FY, Whittaker AK, Howdle SM, Naylor A, Shabir-Ahmed A, Zhang C, Smith MT. Formulation of Bioerodible Ketamine Microparticles as an Analgesic Adjuvant Treatment Produced by Supercritical Fluid Polymer Encapsulation. Pharmaceutics 2018; 10:E264. [PMID: 30563294 PMCID: PMC6321204 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics10040264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2018] [Revised: 11/28/2018] [Accepted: 12/04/2018] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Pain is inadequately relieved by escalating doses of a strong opioid analgesic such as morphine in up to 25% of patients with cancer-related severe pain complicated by a neuropathic (nerve damage) component. Hence, there is an unmet medical need for research on novel painkiller strategies. In the present work, we used supercritical fluid polymer encapsulation to develop sustained-release poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) biodegradable microparticles containing the analgesic adjuvant drug ketamine, for injection by the intrathecal route. Using this approach with a range of PLGA co-polymers, drug loading was in the range 10⁻60%, with encapsulation efficiency (EE) of 60⁻100%. Particles were mainly in the size range 20⁻45 µm and were produced in the absence of organic solvents and surfactants/emulsifiers. Investigation of the ketamine release profiles from these PLGA-based microparticles in vitro showed that release took place over varying periods in the range 0.5⁻4.0 weeks. Of the polymers assessed, the ester end-capped PLGA5050DLG-1.5E gave the best-controlled release profile with drug loading at 10%.
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Affiliation(s)
- Felicity Y Han
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Brisbane QLD 4072, Australia.
| | - Andrew K Whittaker
- Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, The University of Queensland, Brisbane QLD 4072, Australia.
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Convergent Bio Nano Science and Technology, The University of Queensland, Brisbane QLD 4072, Australia.
| | - Steven M Howdle
- School of Chemistry, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, UK.
- Critical Pharmaceuticals Ltd., BioCity Nottingham, Nottingham NG1 1GF, UK.
| | - Andrew Naylor
- Upperton Limited, Biocity Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2TN, UK.
| | | | - Cheng Zhang
- Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, The University of Queensland, Brisbane QLD 4072, Australia.
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Convergent Bio Nano Science and Technology, The University of Queensland, Brisbane QLD 4072, Australia.
| | - Maree T Smith
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Brisbane QLD 4072, Australia.
- School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health and Behavioural Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane QLD 4072, Australia.
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Supercritical carbon dioxide-based technologies for the production of drug nanoparticles/nanocrystals - A comprehensive review. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2018; 131:22-78. [PMID: 30026127 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2018.07.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 114] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2018] [Revised: 07/02/2018] [Accepted: 07/10/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Low drug bioavailability, which is mostly a result of poor aqueous drug solubilities and of inadequate drug dissolution rates, is one of the most significant challenges that pharmaceutical companies are currently facing, since this may limit the therapeutic efficacy of marketed drugs, or even result in the discard of potential highly effective drug candidates during developmental stages. Two of the main approaches that have been implemented in recent years to overcome poor drug solubility/dissolution issues have frequently involved drug particle size reduction (i.e., micronization/nanonization) and/or the modification of some of the physicochemical and structural properties of poorly water soluble drugs. A large number of particle engineering methodologies have been developed, tested, and applied in the synthesis and control of particle size/particle-size distributions, crystallinities, and polymorphic purities of drug micro- and nano-particles/crystals. In recent years pharmaceutical processing using supercritical fluids (SCF), in general, and supercritical carbon dioxide (scCO2), in particular, have attracted a great attention from the pharmaceutical industry. This is mostly due to the several well-known advantageous technical features of these processes, as well as to other increasingly important subjects for the pharmaceutical industry, namely their "green", sustainable, safe and "environmentally-friendly" intrinsic characteristics. In this work, it is presented a comprehensive state-of-the-art review on scCO2-based processes focused on the formation and on the control of the physicochemical, structural and morphological properties of amorphous/crystalline pure drug nanoparticles. It is presented and discussed the most relevant scCO2, scCO2-based fluids and drug physicochemical properties that are pertinent for the development of successful pharmaceutical products, namely those that are critical in the selection of an adequate scCO2-based method to produce pure drug nanoparticles/nanocrystals. scCO2-based nanoparticle formation methodologies are classified in three main families, and in terms of the most important role played by scCO2 in particle formation processes: as a solvent; as an antisolvent or a co-antisolvent; and as a "high mobility" additive (a solute, a co-solute, or a co-solvent). Specific particle formation methods belonging to each one of these families are presented, discussed and compared. Some selected amorphous/crystalline drug nanoparticles that were prepared by these methods are compiled and presented, namely those studied in the last 10-15 years. A special emphasis is given to the formation of drug cocrystals. It is also discussed the fundamental knowledge and the main mechanisms in which the scCO2-based particle formation methods rely on, as well as the current status and urgent needs in terms of reliable experimental data and of robust modeling approaches. Other addressed and discussed topics include the currently available and the most adequate physicochemical, morphological and biological characterization methods required for pure drug nanoparticles/nanocrystals, some of the current nanometrology and regulatory issues associated to the use of these methods, as well as some scale-up, post-processing and pharmaceutical regulatory subjects related to the industrial implementation of these scCO2-based processes. Finally, it is also discussed the current status of these techniques, as well as their future major perspectives and opportunities for industrial implementation in the upcoming years.
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Hadjittofis E, Isbell MA, Karde V, Varghese S, Ghoroi C, Heng JYY. Influences of Crystal Anisotropy in Pharmaceutical Process Development. Pharm Res 2018; 35:100. [PMID: 29556822 PMCID: PMC5859710 DOI: 10.1007/s11095-018-2374-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2017] [Accepted: 02/19/2018] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Crystalline materials are of crucial importance to the pharmaceutical industry, as a large number of APIs are formulated in crystalline form, occasionally in the presence of crystalline excipients. Owing to their multifaceted character, crystals were found to have strongly anisotropic properties. In fact, anisotropic properties were found to be quite important for a number of processes including milling, granulation and tableting. An understanding of crystal anisotropy and an ability to control and predict crystal anisotropy are mostly subjects of interest for researchers. A number of studies dealing with the aforementioned phenomena are grounded on over-simplistic assumptions, neglecting key attributes of crystalline materials, most importantly the anisotropic nature of a number of their properties. Moreover, concepts such as the influence of interfacial phenomena in the behaviour of crystalline materials during their growth and in vivo, are still poorly understood. The review aims to address concepts from a molecular perspective, focusing on crystal growth and dissolution. It begins with a brief outline of fundamental concepts of intermolecular and interfacial phenomena. The second part discusses their relevance to the field of pharmaceutical crystal growth and dissolution. Particular emphasis is given to works dealing with mechanistic understandings of the influence of solvents and additives on crystal habit. Furthermore, comments and perspectives, highlighting future directions for the implementation of fundamental concepts of interfacial phenomena in the rational understanding of crystal growth and dissolution processes, have been provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eftychios Hadjittofis
- Surfaces and Particle Engineering Laboratory (SPEL), Department of Chemical Engineering, Imperial College London, South Kensington Campus, London, SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - Mark Antonin Isbell
- Surfaces and Particle Engineering Laboratory (SPEL), Department of Chemical Engineering, Imperial College London, South Kensington Campus, London, SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - Vikram Karde
- Surfaces and Particle Engineering Laboratory (SPEL), Department of Chemical Engineering, Imperial College London, South Kensington Campus, London, SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - Sophia Varghese
- DryProTech Laboratory, Chemical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Gandhinagar, Palaj, Gandhinagar, Gujarat, 382355, India
| | - Chinmay Ghoroi
- DryProTech Laboratory, Chemical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Gandhinagar, Palaj, Gandhinagar, Gujarat, 382355, India
| | - Jerry Y Y Heng
- Surfaces and Particle Engineering Laboratory (SPEL), Department of Chemical Engineering, Imperial College London, South Kensington Campus, London, SW7 2AZ, UK.
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Solubility measurement and preparation of nanoparticles of an anticancer drug (Letrozole) using rapid expansion of supercritical solutions with solid cosolvent (RESS-SC). J Supercrit Fluids 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.supflu.2017.10.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Wollenweber L, Kareth S, Petermann M. Polymorphic transition of lipid particles obtained with the PGSS process for pharmaceutical applications. J Supercrit Fluids 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.supflu.2017.06.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Characterization of drug delivery particles produced by supercritical carbon dioxide technologies. J Supercrit Fluids 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.supflu.2017.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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Impact of rapid expansion of supercritical solution process conditions on the crystallinity of poly(vinylidene fluoride) nanoparticles. J Supercrit Fluids 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.supflu.2016.07.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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