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Zaki M, Rowles LS, Adjeroh DA, Orner KD. A Critical Review of Data Science Applications in Resource Recovery and Carbon Capture from Organic Waste. ACS ES&T ENGINEERING 2023; 3:1424-1467. [PMID: 37854077 PMCID: PMC10580293 DOI: 10.1021/acsestengg.3c00043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2023] [Revised: 09/11/2023] [Accepted: 09/11/2023] [Indexed: 10/20/2023]
Abstract
Municipal and agricultural organic waste can be treated to recover energy, nutrients, and carbon through resource recovery and carbon capture (RRCC) technologies such as anaerobic digestion, struvite precipitation, and pyrolysis. Data science could benefit such technologies by improving their efficiency through data-driven process modeling along with reducing environmental and economic burdens via life cycle assessment (LCA) and techno-economic analysis (TEA), respectively. We critically reviewed 616 peer-reviewed articles on the use of data science in RRCC published during 2002-2022. Although applications of machine learning (ML) methods have drastically increased over time for modeling RRCC technologies, the reviewed studies exhibited significant knowledge gaps at various model development stages. In terms of sustainability, an increasing number of studies included LCA with TEA to quantify both environmental and economic impacts of RRCC. Integration of ML methods with LCA and TEA has the potential to cost-effectively investigate the trade-off between efficiency and sustainability of RRCC, although the literature lacked such integration of techniques. Therefore, we propose an integrated data science framework to inform efficient and sustainable RRCC from organic waste based on the review. Overall, the findings from this review can inform practitioners about the effective utilization of various data science methods for real-world implementation of RRCC technologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammed
T. Zaki
- Wadsworth
Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia 26505, United States
| | - Lewis S. Rowles
- Department
of Civil Engineering and Construction, Georgia
Southern University, Statesboro, Georgia 30458, United States
| | - Donald A. Adjeroh
- Lane
Department of Computer Science and Electrical Engineering, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia 26505, United States
| | - Kevin D. Orner
- Wadsworth
Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia 26505, United States
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2
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Wang C, Wu J, Shi L, Hou L, Wang X, Wang X. The catalytic hydrothermal liquefaction of lignin to produce aromatics over nickel metal hydrotalcite catalysts. J Supercrit Fluids 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.supflu.2022.105737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022]
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3
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Suriapparao DV, Sridevi V, Ramesh P, Sankar Rao C, Tukarambai M, Kamireddi D, Gautam R, Dharaskar SA, Pritam K. Synthesis of sustainable chemicals from waste tea powder and Polystyrene via Microwave-Assisted in-situ catalytic Co-Pyrolysis: Analysis of pyrolysis using experimental and modeling approaches. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2022; 362:127813. [PMID: 36031137 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2022.127813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2022] [Revised: 08/16/2022] [Accepted: 08/17/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
In the current study, catalytic co-pyrolysis was performed on waste tea powder (WTP) and polystyrene (PS) wastes to convert them into value-added products using KOH catalyst. The feed mixture influenced the heating rates (17-75 °C/min) and product formation. PS promoted the formation of oil and WTP enhanced the char formation. The maximum oil yield (80 wt%) was obtained at 15 g:5 g, and the maximum char yield (44 wt%) was achieved at 5 g:25 g (PS:WTP). The pyrolysis index (PI) increased with the increase in feedstock quantity. High PI was noticed at 25 g:5 g, and low PI was at 5 g:5 g (PS:WTP). Low energy consumption and low pyrolysis time enhanced the PI value. Significant interactions were noticed during co-pyrolysis. The obtained bio-oil was analyzed using GC-MS and a plausible reaction mechanism is presented. Catalyst and co-pyrolysis synergy promoted the formation of aliphatic and aromatic hydrocarbons by reducing the oxygenated products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dadi V Suriapparao
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Pandit Deendayal Energy University, Gandhinagar 382007, India.
| | - Veluru Sridevi
- Department of Chemical Engg, AU College of Engineering (A), Andhra University, Visakhapatnam 530003, India
| | - Potnuri Ramesh
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Institute of Technology Karnataka, Surathkal 575025, India
| | - Chinta Sankar Rao
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Institute of Technology Karnataka, Surathkal 575025, India
| | - M Tukarambai
- Department of Chemical Engg, AU College of Engineering (A), Andhra University, Visakhapatnam 530003, India
| | - Dinesh Kamireddi
- Department of Chemical Engg, AU College of Engineering (A), Andhra University, Visakhapatnam 530003, India
| | - Ribhu Gautam
- Clean Combustion Research Center, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal 23955, Saudi Arabia
| | - Swapnil A Dharaskar
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Pandit Deendayal Energy University, Gandhinagar 382007, India
| | - Kocherlakota Pritam
- Department of Mathematics, Pandit Deendayal Energy University, Gandhinagar 382007, India
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4
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Sridevi V, Suriapparao DV, Tukarambai M, Terapalli A, Ramesh P, Sankar Rao C, Gautam R, Moorthy JV, Suresh Kumar C. Understanding of synergy in non-isothermal microwave-assisted in-situ catalytic co-pyrolysis of rice husk and polystyrene waste mixtures. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2022; 360:127589. [PMID: 35809875 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2022.127589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2022] [Revised: 06/30/2022] [Accepted: 07/02/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Rice husk (RH) and polystyrene (PS) wastes were converted into value-added products using microwave-assisted catalytic co-pyrolysis. The graphite susceptor (10 g) along with KOH catalyst (5 g) was mixed with the feedstock to understand the products and energy consumption. RH promoted the char yield (20-34 wt%) and gaseous yields (16-25 wt%) whereas PS enhanced the oil yield (23-70 wt%). Co-pyrolysis synergy induced an increase in gaseous yields (14-53 wt%) due to excessive cracking. The specific microwave energy consumption dramatically decreased in co-pyrolysis (5-22 kJ/g) compared to pyrolysis (56-102 kJ/g). The pyrolysis index increased (17-445) with the increase in feedstock quantity (5-50 g). The obtained oil was composed of monoaromatics (74%) and polyaromatics (18%). The char was rich in carbon content (79.5 wt%) and the gases were composed of CO (24%), H2 (12%), and CH4 (22%).
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Affiliation(s)
- Veluru Sridevi
- Department of Chemical Engg, AU College of Engineering (A), Andhra University, Visakhapatnam 530003, India
| | - Dadi V Suriapparao
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Pandit Deendayal Energy University, Gandhinagar 382007, India.
| | - M Tukarambai
- Department of Chemical Engg, AU College of Engineering (A), Andhra University, Visakhapatnam 530003, India
| | - Avinash Terapalli
- Department of Chemical Engg, AU College of Engineering (A), Andhra University, Visakhapatnam 530003, India
| | - Potnuri Ramesh
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Institute of Technology Karnataka, Surathkal 575025, India
| | - Chinta Sankar Rao
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Institute of Technology Karnataka, Surathkal 575025, India
| | - Ribhu Gautam
- Clean Combustion Research Center, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal 23955, Saudi Arabia
| | - J V Moorthy
- Chennai Petroleum Corporation Limited, Manali, Chennai 600068, India
| | - C Suresh Kumar
- Chennai Petroleum Corporation Limited, Manali, Chennai 600068, India
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5
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Optimization Study on Microwave-Assisted Hydrothermal Liquefaction of Malaysian Macroalgae Chaetomorpha sp. for Phenolic-Rich Bio-Oil Production. ENERGIES 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/en15113974] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
There are several methods of biomass conversion, including hydrothermal liquefaction (HTL). The implementation of microwave technology in the HTL process is still new, especially on the conversion of marine biomass into bio-crude. In this work, the macroalgae Chaetomorpha sp. was used as the biomass feedstock to produce phenolic-rich bio-oil through microwave-assisted HTL. Chaetomorpha sp. was abundantly found in Malaysia, creating a green tides issue. By utilizing these algae, the green tide issue can be solved and value-added bio-oil is obtained. However, bio-oil from macroalgae has a relatively low heating value, restricting its fuel application. Therefore, it is suggested to be used for bio-polymer synthesis, including bio-based phenol formaldehyde. In this study, the effect of different parameters, such as reaction temperature, preloaded pressure, water-to-algal biomass ratio, and holding time, on both the bio-oil yield and phenolic yield was evaluated. Folin–Ciocalteu method was introduced as the phenolic determination method and the optimal conditions were located by using Response Surface Methodology (RSM). As a results, an optimal biodiesel yield and phenolic yield of 21.47 wt% and 19.22 wt% Gallic Acid Equivalent was obtained at a reaction temperature of 226 °C, 42 bar preloaded pressure and 30:1 water-to-algal biomass ratio after 79 min. Sensitivity analysis also concluded that the water-to-algal biomass ratio is the most influential factor, followed by the preloaded pressure. The FTIR spectrum of the bio-oil produced indicated the presence of different functional group of compounds. In short, Chaetomorpha sp. has been successfully converted into valuable bio-oil through microwave-assisted HTL.
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Wang W, Du H, Huang Y, Wang S, Liu C, Li J, Zhang J, Lu S, Wang H, Meng H. Enhanced biocrude production from hydrothermal conversion of municipal sewage sludge via co-liquefaction with various model feedstocks. RSC Adv 2022; 12:20379-20386. [PMID: 35919607 PMCID: PMC9277621 DOI: 10.1039/d2ra02325c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2022] [Accepted: 06/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Hydrothermal co-liquefaction has the potential to improve biocrude yield. To investigate the influence of various types of biomass on co-liquefaction with municipal sewage sludge (MSS), experiments on MSS with three kinds of model feedstocks (soy oil, soy protein, and starch) were carried out. Reaction temperatures of 300, 320, and 340 °C proved to be the appropriate reaction temperatures for the highest biocrude yield for soy oil, soy protein, and starch, respectively. A synergistic effect on the biocrude yield of co-liquefaction was proved, and starch showed the highest synergistic effect with a 57.25% increase in biocrude yield, while soy oil only presented a slight synergistic effect. Thermal gravimetric analysis (TGA) results suggested that co-liquefaction with soy oil increased the light oil fractions in biocrude by 20.81%, but protein and starch led to more heavy oil fractions. Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) indicated that co-liquefaction with protein or starch produced more cyclic compounds in the biocrude, while almost no new components appeared from co-liquefaction with soy oil. Hydrothermal co-liquefaction has the potential to improve biocrude yield.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenjia Wang
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, 84112, USA
| | - Hongbiao Du
- School of Environment and Natural Resources, Renmin University of China, Beijing, 100872, China
| | - Yuanyuan Huang
- School of Environment and Natural Resources, Renmin University of China, Beijing, 100872, China
| | - Shaobo Wang
- School of Environment and Natural Resources, Renmin University of China, Beijing, 100872, China
| | - Chang Liu
- School of Environment and Natural Resources, Renmin University of China, Beijing, 100872, China
| | - Jie Li
- School of Environment and Natural Resources, Renmin University of China, Beijing, 100872, China
| | - Jinglai Zhang
- School of Environment and Natural Resources, Renmin University of China, Beijing, 100872, China
| | - Shuai Lu
- School of Environment and Natural Resources, Renmin University of China, Beijing, 100872, China
| | - Huansheng Wang
- High-Tech Research Institute, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Han Meng
- Shenergy Environmental Technologies Co., Ltd, Buiding 7. Vanka Canter, 988 Shenchang Rd, Shanghai, 201100, China
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Sahoo A, Saini K, Jindal M, Bhaskar T, Pant KK. Co-Hydrothermal Liquefaction of algal and lignocellulosic biomass: Status and perspectives. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2021; 342:125948. [PMID: 34571330 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2021.125948] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2021] [Revised: 09/08/2021] [Accepted: 09/12/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Hydrothermal liquefaction (HTL) effectively converts biomass to biofuels, thereby limiting the endless reliance on petroleum products derived from fossil fuels. However, the conversion is based on individual feedstock in the HTL process. In order to, further boost the conversion, HTL can be done by blending various feedstock, mainly algal and lignocellulosic biomass. Bibliometric analysis was carried out, and it was observed that there have been very few studies on Co-Hydrothermal Liquefaction (Co-HTL). There still exist several crucial gaps in process optimization when co-reactants are used due to their synergistic effects. The reaction kinetics and mechanism, catalyst screening and by-products application require further studies. Therefore, R&D is necessary to optimize the process to completely utilize the complementarity of the feedstocks under study resulting in better quality of products which require minor/ no upgradation steps.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abhisek Sahoo
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology - Delhi, New Delhi 110016, India
| | - Komal Saini
- Thermo-Catalytic Processes Area, Material Resource Efficiency Division, CSIR - Indian Institute of Petroleum, Dehradun 248005, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research, Ghaziabad 201002, India
| | - Meenu Jindal
- Thermo-Catalytic Processes Area, Material Resource Efficiency Division, CSIR - Indian Institute of Petroleum, Dehradun 248005, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research, Ghaziabad 201002, India
| | - Thallada Bhaskar
- Thermo-Catalytic Processes Area, Material Resource Efficiency Division, CSIR - Indian Institute of Petroleum, Dehradun 248005, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research, Ghaziabad 201002, India.
| | - Kamal K Pant
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology - Delhi, New Delhi 110016, India
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8
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Green and Efficient Processing of Wood with Supercritical CO2: A Review. APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/app11093929] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Wood processing is a crucial step of wood utilization, but the adding of environmentally hazardous feedstocks and the use of unreasonable technology allow it to harm the environment and human health. Supercritical CO2 (scCO2) is a non-toxic, odorless, and safe solvent, which is widely used in studies and industrial production, but there is no review summarizing wood processing with scCO2. The unique structure and chemical properties of wood combined with scCO2 technology produce positive results. In this paper, wood processing with scCO2 is summarized, including wood impregnation, wood drying, wood thermochemical conversion, and wood extraction. The green and efficient characteristics of wood processing with scCO2 are explained in detail for researchers, engineers, and investors to provide a clean wood processing method. Further study is needed to reduce its energy consumption and commercialize it eventually.
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9
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Ryu J, Yoon J, Lee YW. Kinetic study of the thermal conversion of ginsenosides using lumped groups in steaming, hydrothermal reactions, and CO2-assisted hydrothermal reactions. J Supercrit Fluids 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.supflu.2020.105041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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10
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Li H, Wu H, Yu Z, Zhang H, Yang S. CO 2 -Enabled Biomass Fractionation/Depolymerization: A Highly Versatile Pre-Step for Downstream Processing. CHEMSUSCHEM 2020; 13:3565-3582. [PMID: 32285649 DOI: 10.1002/cssc.202000575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2020] [Revised: 04/11/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Lignocellulosic biomass is inevitably subject to fractionation and depolymerization processes for enhanced selectivity toward specific products, in most cases prior to catalytic upgrading of the three main fractions-cellulose, hemicellulose, and lignin. Among the developed pretreatment techniques, CO2 -assisted biomass processing exhibits some unique advantages such as the lowest critical temperature (31.0 °C) with moderate critical pressure, low cost, nontoxicity, nonflammability, ready availability, and the addition of acidity, alongside easy recovery by pressure release. This Review showcases progress in the study of sub- or supercritical CO2 -mediated thermal processing of lignocellulosic biomass-the key pre-step for downstream conversion processes. The auxo-action of CO2 in biomass pretreatment and fractionation, along with the involved variables, direct degradation of untreated biomass in CO2 by gasification, pyrolysis, and liquefaction with relevant conversion mechanisms, and CO2 -enabled depolymerization of lignocellulosic fractions with representative reaction pathways are summarized. Moreover, future prospects for the practical application of CO2 -assisted up- and downstream biomass-to-bioproduct conversion are also briefly discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hu Li
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Green Pesticide & Agricultural Bioengineering, Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide & Agricultural Bioengineering, Ministry of Education, State-Local Joint Laboratory for Comprehensive Utilization of Biomass, Center for Research & Development of Fine Chemicals, Guizhou University, Guiyang, Guizhou, 550025, P.R. China
| | - Hongguo Wu
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Green Pesticide & Agricultural Bioengineering, Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide & Agricultural Bioengineering, Ministry of Education, State-Local Joint Laboratory for Comprehensive Utilization of Biomass, Center for Research & Development of Fine Chemicals, Guizhou University, Guiyang, Guizhou, 550025, P.R. China
| | - Zhaozhuo Yu
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Green Pesticide & Agricultural Bioengineering, Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide & Agricultural Bioengineering, Ministry of Education, State-Local Joint Laboratory for Comprehensive Utilization of Biomass, Center for Research & Development of Fine Chemicals, Guizhou University, Guiyang, Guizhou, 550025, P.R. China
| | - Heng Zhang
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Green Pesticide & Agricultural Bioengineering, Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide & Agricultural Bioengineering, Ministry of Education, State-Local Joint Laboratory for Comprehensive Utilization of Biomass, Center for Research & Development of Fine Chemicals, Guizhou University, Guiyang, Guizhou, 550025, P.R. China
| | - Song Yang
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Green Pesticide & Agricultural Bioengineering, Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide & Agricultural Bioengineering, Ministry of Education, State-Local Joint Laboratory for Comprehensive Utilization of Biomass, Center for Research & Development of Fine Chemicals, Guizhou University, Guiyang, Guizhou, 550025, P.R. China
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11
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de Caprariis B, Bracciale MP, Bavasso I, Chen G, Damizia M, Genova V, Marra F, Paglia L, Pulci G, Scarsella M, Tai L, De Filippis P. Unsupported Ni metal catalyst in hydrothermal liquefaction of oak wood: Effect of catalyst surface modification. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2020; 709:136215. [PMID: 31905587 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.136215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2019] [Revised: 11/26/2019] [Accepted: 12/18/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Hydrothermal liquefaction of oak wood was carried out in tubular micro reactors at different temperatures (280-330 °C), reaction times (10-30 min), and catalyst loads (10-50 wt%) using metallic Ni catalysts. For the first time, to enhance the catalytic activity of Ni particles, a coating technique producing a nanostructured surface was used, maintaining anyway the micrometric dimension of the catalyst, necessary for an easier recovery. The optimum conditions for non-catalytic liquefaction tests were determined to be 330 °C and 10 min with the bio-crude yield of 32.88%. The addition of metallic Ni catalysts (Commercial Ni powder and nanostructured surface-modified Ni particle) increased the oil yield and inhibited the char formation through hydrogenation action. Nano modified Ni catalyst resulted in a better catalytic activity in terms of bio-crude yield (36.63%), thanks to the higher surface area due to the presence of flower-like superficial nanostructures. Also, bio-crude quality resulted improved with the use of the two catalysts, with a decrease of C/H ratio and a corresponding increase of the high heating value (HHV). The magnetic recovery of the catalysts and their reusability was also investigated with good results.
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Affiliation(s)
- B de Caprariis
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Materials, Environment, Sapienza University of Rome, via Eudossiana 18, 00184, Rome, Italy
| | - M P Bracciale
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Materials, Environment, Sapienza University of Rome, via Eudossiana 18, 00184, Rome, Italy
| | - I Bavasso
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Materials, Environment, Sapienza University of Rome, via Eudossiana 18, 00184, Rome, Italy
| | - G Chen
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - M Damizia
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Materials, Environment, Sapienza University of Rome, via Eudossiana 18, 00184, Rome, Italy
| | - V Genova
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Materials, Environment, Sapienza University of Rome, via Eudossiana 18, 00184, Rome, Italy; INSTM Reference Laboratory for Engineering of Surface Treatments, Via Eudossiana 18, Rome 00184, Italy
| | - F Marra
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Materials, Environment, Sapienza University of Rome, via Eudossiana 18, 00184, Rome, Italy; INSTM Reference Laboratory for Engineering of Surface Treatments, Via Eudossiana 18, Rome 00184, Italy
| | - L Paglia
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Materials, Environment, Sapienza University of Rome, via Eudossiana 18, 00184, Rome, Italy; INSTM Reference Laboratory for Engineering of Surface Treatments, Via Eudossiana 18, Rome 00184, Italy
| | - G Pulci
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Materials, Environment, Sapienza University of Rome, via Eudossiana 18, 00184, Rome, Italy; INSTM Reference Laboratory for Engineering of Surface Treatments, Via Eudossiana 18, Rome 00184, Italy
| | - M Scarsella
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Materials, Environment, Sapienza University of Rome, via Eudossiana 18, 00184, Rome, Italy
| | - L Tai
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Materials, Environment, Sapienza University of Rome, via Eudossiana 18, 00184, Rome, Italy.
| | - P De Filippis
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Materials, Environment, Sapienza University of Rome, via Eudossiana 18, 00184, Rome, Italy
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12
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Hydrothermal Depolymerization of Biorefinery Lignin-Rich Streams: Influence of Reaction Conditions and Catalytic Additives on the Organic Monomers Yields in Biocrude and Aqueous Phase. ENERGIES 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/en13051241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Hydrothermal depolymerization of lignin-rich streams (LRS) from lignocellulosic ethanol was successfully carried out in a lab-scale batch reactors unit. A partial depolymerization into oligomers and monomers was achieved using subcritical water as reaction medium. The influence of temperature (300–350–370 °C) and time (5–10 minutes) was investigated to identify the optimal condition on the monomers yields in the lighter biocrude (BC1) and aqueous phase (AP) fractions, focusing on specific phenolic classes as well as carboxylic acids and alcohols. The effect of base catalyzed reactions (2–4 wt. % of KOH) was compared to the control tests as well as to acid-catalyzed reactions obtained with a biphasic medium of supercritical carbon dioxide (sCO2) and subcritical water. KOH addition resulted in enhanced overall depolymerization without showing a strong influence on the phenolic generation, whereas sCO2 demonstrated higher phenolic selectivity even though no effect was observed on the overall products mass yields. In conclusion, a comparison between two different biocrude collection procedures was carried out in order to understand how the selected chemical extraction mode influences the distribution of compounds between BC1 and AP.
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13
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Kaur R, Gera P, Jha MK, Bhaskar T. Optimization of process parameters for hydrothermal conversion of castor residue. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2019; 686:641-647. [PMID: 31189124 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.05.430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2019] [Revised: 04/10/2019] [Accepted: 05/28/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Castor plant (Ricinus communis) is a fast-growing shrub from Euphorbiaceae family. India ranks first in the world for the production of castor seeds. The generation of residue from its leaves and stems is more than 50% of the whole plant. This research work involves the estimation of the optimum condition for the production/value addition by hydrothermal liquefaction of castor residue using factorial design. Temperature (T) and residence time (RT) are the key parameters that affect the bio-oil yield. A 32 full factorial design was employed to understand the affects the bio-oil yield and conversion with key parameters. The key parameter and its interaction effects were analyzed by analysis of variance (ANOVA); F-test and p-values were used to rank the process variable affecting the total bio-oil yield. It was observed that the temperature imparts significant effect on total bio-oil yield. The optimum conditions to obtain maximum total bio-oil yield are T = 300 °C and RT = 60 min. The statistical model was best fitted with high coefficient of determination (R2) of 0.9994 and 0.9473 for total bio-oil yield and conversion respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ravneeet Kaur
- Dr B R Ambedkar National Institute of Technology, Jalandhar 144011, India; Biomass Conversion Area (BCA), Materials Resource Efficiency Division (MRED), CSIR-Indian Institute of Petroleum (IIP), Dehradun 248005, India
| | - Poonam Gera
- Dr B R Ambedkar National Institute of Technology, Jalandhar 144011, India
| | | | - Thallada Bhaskar
- Biomass Conversion Area (BCA), Materials Resource Efficiency Division (MRED), CSIR-Indian Institute of Petroleum (IIP), Dehradun 248005, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), New Delhi, India.
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14
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Zhu Z, Rosendahl L, Toor SS, Chen G. Optimizing the conditions for hydrothermal liquefaction of barley straw for bio-crude oil production using response surface methodology. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2018; 630:560-569. [PMID: 29486447 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.02.194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2018] [Revised: 02/16/2018] [Accepted: 02/16/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The present paper examines the conversion of barley straw to bio-crude oil (BO) via hydrothermal liquefaction. Response surface methodology based on central composite design was utilized to optimize the conditions of four independent variables including reaction temperature (factor X1, 260-340°C), reaction time (factor X2, 5-25min), catalyst dosage (factor X3, 2-18%) and biomass/water ratio (factor X4, 9-21%) for BO yield. It was found that reaction temperature, catalyst dosage and biomass/water ratio had more remarkable influence than reaction time on BO yield by analysis of variance. The predicted BO yield by the second order polynomial model was in good agreement with experimental results. A maximum BO yield of 38.72wt% was obtained at 304.8°C, 15.5min, 11.7% potassium carbonate as catalyst and 18% biomass (based on water). GC/MS analysis revealed that the major BO components were phenols and their derivatives, acids, aromatic hydrocarbon, ketones, N-contained compounds and alcohols, which makes it a promising material in the applications of either bio-fuel or as a phenol substitute in bio-phenolic resins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhe Zhu
- School of Environmental Science and Safe Engineering, Tianjin University of Technology, Tianjin 300384, PR China
| | - Lasse Rosendahl
- Department of Energy Technology, Aalborg University, Aalborg 9220, Denmark.
| | - Saqib Sohail Toor
- Department of Energy Technology, Aalborg University, Aalborg 9220, Denmark
| | - Guanyi Chen
- School of Science, Tibet University, Lhasa 850012, China; School of Environmental Science and Engineering/Tianjin Engineering Center of Biomass Gas/Oils, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, PR China.
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