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Gondo TF, Huang F, Marungruang N, Heyman-Lindén L, Turner C. Investigating the quality of extraction and quantification of bioactive compounds in berries through liquid chromatography and multivariate curve resolution. Anal Bioanal Chem 2024:10.1007/s00216-024-05474-8. [PMID: 39145860 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-024-05474-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2024] [Revised: 07/31/2024] [Accepted: 08/01/2024] [Indexed: 08/16/2024]
Abstract
Berries are a rich source of natural antioxidant compounds, which are essential to profile, as they add to their nutritional value. However, the complexity of the matrix and the structural diversity of these compounds pose challenges in extraction and chromatographic separation. By relying on multivariate curve resolution alternating least squares (MCR-ALS) ability to extract components from complex spectral mixtures, our study evaluates the contributions of various extraction techniques to interference, extractability, and quantifying different groups of overlapping compounds using liquid chromatography diode array detection (LC-DAD) data. Additionally, the combination of these methods extends its applicability to evaluate polyphenol degradation in stored berry smoothies, where evolving factor analysis (EFA) is also used to elucidate degradation products. Results indicate that among the extraction techniques, ultrasonication-assisted extraction employing 1% formic acid in methanol demonstrated superior extractability and selectivity for the different phenolic compound groups, compared with both pressurized liquid extraction and centrifugation of the fresh berry smoothie. Employing MCR-ALS on the LC-DAD data enabled reliable estimation of total amounts of compound classes with high spectral overlaps. Degradation studies revealed significant temperature-dependent effects on anthocyanins, with at least 50% degradation after 7 months of storage at room temperature, while refrigeration and freezing maintained fair stability for at least 12 months. The EFA model estimated phenolic derivatives as the main possible degradation products. These findings enhance the reliability of quantifying polyphenolic compounds and understanding their stability during the storage of berry products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thamani Freedom Gondo
- Department of Chemistry, Centre for Analysis and Synthesis, Lund University, P.O. Box 124, 22100, Lund, Sweden
| | - Fang Huang
- Department of Chemistry, Division of Biotechnology, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
- Aventure AB, Lund, Sweden
| | | | - Lovisa Heyman-Lindén
- Berry Lab AB, Lund, Sweden
- Department of Experimental Medical Science, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Charlotta Turner
- Department of Chemistry, Centre for Analysis and Synthesis, Lund University, P.O. Box 124, 22100, Lund, Sweden.
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2
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Nardella F, Prothmann J, Sandahl M, Spégel P, Ribechini E, Turner C. Native lignin extraction from soft- and hardwood by green and benign sub/supercritical fluid extraction methodologies. RSC Adv 2023; 13:21945-21953. [PMID: 37483673 PMCID: PMC10357412 DOI: 10.1039/d3ra01873c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2023] [Accepted: 07/04/2023] [Indexed: 07/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Lignin constitutes an impressive resource of high-value low molecular weight compounds. However, robust methods for isolation of the extractable fraction from lignocellulose are yet to be established. In this study, supercritical fluid extraction (SFE) and CO2-expanded liquid extraction (CXLE) were employed to extract lignin from softwood and hardwood chips. Ethanol, acetone, and ethyl lactate were investigated as green organic co-solvents in the extractions. Additionally, the effects of temperature, CO2 percentage and the water content of the co-solvent were investigated using a design of experiment approach employing full factorial designs. Ethyl lactate and acetone provided the highest gravimetric yields. The water content in the extraction mixture had the main impact on the amount of extractable lignin monomers (LMs) and lignin oligomers (LOs) while the type of organic solvent was of minor importance. The most effective extraction was achieved by using a combination of liquid CO2/acetone/water (10/72/18, v/v/v) at 60 °C, 350 bar, 30 min and 2 mL min-1 flow rate. The optimized method provided detection of 13 LMs and 6 lignin dimers (LDs) from the hardwood chips. The results demonstrate the potential of supercritical fluids and green solvents in the field of mild and bening lignin extraction from wood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Federica Nardella
- Department of Chemistry and Industrial Chemistry, University of Pisa Via G. Moruzzi 13 56124 Pisa Italy
| | - Jens Prothmann
- Lund University, Department of Chemistry, Centre for Analysis and Synthesis Lund Sweden
| | - Margareta Sandahl
- Lund University, Department of Chemistry, Centre for Analysis and Synthesis Lund Sweden
| | - Peter Spégel
- Lund University, Department of Chemistry, Centre for Analysis and Synthesis Lund Sweden
| | - Erika Ribechini
- Department of Chemistry and Industrial Chemistry, University of Pisa Via G. Moruzzi 13 56124 Pisa Italy
| | - Charlotta Turner
- Lund University, Department of Chemistry, Centre for Analysis and Synthesis Lund Sweden
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3
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Kauppinen A, Helander P, Viitala M, Puranen T, Vainikka T, Lassila I, Hæggström E, Sandler N. UV-visible absorption spectroscopy for in-line API concentration measurement in nanoparticle production process using controlled expansion of supercritical solutions (CESS®). J Pharm Biomed Anal 2023; 224:115169. [PMID: 36462249 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2022.115169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2022] [Revised: 11/15/2022] [Accepted: 11/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Most new small drug molecules in pharmaceutical development require improvement of solubility. The controlled expansion of supercritical solutions (CESS®) process is a nanoparticle production technology, dedicated to enhancing the dissolution rate of active pharmaceutical ingredients (APIs) suffering from poor solubility and enabling novel drug delivery opportunities. In this process, the API is dissolved in supercritical carbon dioxide (scCO2) and nanoparticles are formed through controlled pressure reduction. To improve process visibility and control, ultraviolet-visible (UV-Vis) spectroscopy was incorporated into CESS® process as a process analytical technology (PAT) tool. The tool quantifies the amount of API dissolved in scCO2 during the solubilization phase of the process. Sample interfacing of the UV-Vis spectrometer was done with a custom-made pressure and temperature rated transmission flow-through cell. In-process calibration was developed to correlate the UV-Vis absorption spectra to the API concentration. Due to the density-dependent molar absorption coefficient of API in scCO2, the calibration was done for each combination of temperature and pressure. The developed PAT tool provides insight into the process enabling real-time API quantity estimation. It also facilitates process development through Quality by Design (QbD) and offers a system for enhanced process control and troubleshooting. For instance, the in-line API concentration data allows one to study the solubilization behavior of the API in the process and to optimize the process parameters in order to maximize throughput.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ari Kauppinen
- Nanoform Finland Plc, Viikinkaari 4, 00790 Helsinki, Finland.
| | | | - Mikael Viitala
- Nanoform Finland Plc, Viikinkaari 4, 00790 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Tuomas Puranen
- Nanoform Finland Plc, Viikinkaari 4, 00790 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Tuomas Vainikka
- Nanoform Finland Plc, Viikinkaari 4, 00790 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Ilkka Lassila
- Nanoform Finland Plc, Viikinkaari 4, 00790 Helsinki, Finland
| | | | - Niklas Sandler
- Nanoform Finland Plc, Viikinkaari 4, 00790 Helsinki, Finland
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4
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Tzima S, Georgiopoulou I, Louli V, Magoulas K. Recent Advances in Supercritical CO 2 Extraction of Pigments, Lipids and Bioactive Compounds from Microalgae. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28031410. [PMID: 36771076 PMCID: PMC9920624 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28031410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2022] [Revised: 01/19/2023] [Accepted: 01/26/2023] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Supercritical CO2 extraction is a green method that combines economic and environmental benefits. Microalgae, on the other hand, is a biomass in abundance, capable of providing a vast variety of valuable compounds, finding applications in the food industry, cosmetics, pharmaceuticals and biofuels. An extensive study on the existing literature concerning supercritical fluid extraction (SFE) of microalgae has been carried out focusing on carotenoids, chlorophylls, lipids and fatty acids recovery, as well as the bioactivity of the extracts. Moreover, kinetic models used to describe SFE process and experimental design are included. Finally, biomass pretreatment processes applied prior to SFE are mentioned, and other extraction methods used as benchmarks are also presented.
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5
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Green Extraction Processes for Complex Samples from Vegetable Matrices Coupled with On-Line Detection System: A Critical Review. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27196272. [PMID: 36234823 PMCID: PMC9571248 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27196272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2022] [Revised: 09/15/2022] [Accepted: 09/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
The detection of analytes in complex organic matrices requires a series of analytical steps to obtain a reliable analysis. Sample preparation can be the most time-consuming, prolonged, and error-prone step, reducing the reliability of the investigation. This review aims to discuss the advantages and limitations of extracting bioactive compounds, sample preparation techniques, automation, and coupling with on-line detection. This review also evaluates all publications on this topic through a longitudinal bibliometric analysis, applying statistical and mathematical methods to analyze the trends, perspectives, and hot topics of this research area. Furthermore, state-of-the-art green extraction techniques for complex samples from vegetable matrices coupled with analysis systems are presented. Among the extraction techniques for liquid samples, solid-phase extraction was the most common for combined systems in the scientific literature. In contrast, for on-line extraction systems applied for solid samples, supercritical fluid extraction, ultrasound-assisted extraction, microwave-assisted extraction, and pressurized liquid extraction were the most frequent green extraction techniques.
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6
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Arias J, Martínez J, Stashenko E, del Valle JM, de la Fuente JC. Supercritical CO2 extraction of pinocembrin from Lippia origanoides distillation residues. 1. Multicomponent solubility and equilibrium partition. J Supercrit Fluids 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.supflu.2021.105426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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7
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Yu Q, Fan L. Improving the bioactive ingredients and functions of asparagus from efficient to emerging processing technologies: A review. Food Chem 2021; 358:129903. [PMID: 33933971 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2021.129903] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2020] [Revised: 03/25/2021] [Accepted: 03/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Historically, asparagus is a vegetable with abundant phytochemicals (polyphenols, saponins, asparagusic acid, and alkaloids) and crucial bioactivities (neuroprotective, antianxiety, antityrosinase, antioxidant, antibacterial, and antiasthma effects). Numerous investigations indicated that processing technologies have a significant influence on the physicochemical, functional, and microstructural characteristics of asparagus. This review presents an updated overview of novel applications of processing technologies, including ultrasound treatments (in terms of extraction, purification, and preservation), heating treatments (hydrothermal treatments, thermal treatments, and combination heating treatments), high-pressure processing, representative shelf-life extension technologies, and green extraction technologies. These physical technologies enhance the yields of bioactive substances, bioactivities and product quality. In addition, utilizing the novel technologies (ohmic heating, cold plasma, pulsed electric fields, membrane processing) and conventional technologies with novel effects to fully develop the potential of asparagus should also be taken into consideration in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qun Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science & Technology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Avenue, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China; School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Avenue, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
| | - Liuping Fan
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science & Technology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Avenue, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China; School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Avenue, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China; Collaborat Innovat Ctr Food Safety & Qual Control, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Avenue, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China.
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8
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Lefebvre T, Destandau E, Lesellier E. Sequential extraction of carnosic acid, rosmarinic acid and pigments (carotenoids and chlorophylls) from Rosemary by online supercritical fluid extraction-supercritical fluid chromatography. J Chromatogr A 2021; 1639:461709. [PMID: 33234291 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2020.461709] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2020] [Revised: 11/06/2020] [Accepted: 11/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
A high degree of selectivity is required during the plant extraction process in order to obtain extracts enriched in specific compounds or to avoid the extraction of unwanted ones. Rosemary is well known for its antioxidant compounds (carnosic acid, carnosol and rosmarinic acid). The plant also contains pigments (i.e. carotenoids, chlorophylls) which may cause a colour problem during the use of the extract in cosmetic formulations, for example. Supercritical fluid extraction is considered as a selective technique for plant extraction. Due to the physico-chemical properties of supercritical fluids, related to pressure, temperature and modifier addition, it is possible to carry out sequential extraction with successive conditions to collect different fractions that are rich either in pigments or in bioactive compounds. The aim of this study was to selectively extract bioactive compounds (i.e. carnosic acid and rosmarinic acid) and pigments (carotenoids and chlorophylls) from rosemary using supercritical fluid extraction. The optimisation of the extraction method was carried out using supercritical fluid extraction online coupled with a supercritical fluid chromatography (SFE-SFC) system. Two columns of different polarities were coupled to achieve the separation of the targeted compounds every five minutes during the extraction. Four fractions were obtained: a first one rich in carotenoids obtained with pure CO2 (25°C and 20 MPa), a second rich in carnosic acid obtained with 3% polar modifier (EtOH:water 50/50 v/v), a third fraction rich in rosmarinic acid using 10% of the same modifier and a fourth fraction rich in chlorophylls with 30% of ethanol as modifier. These four samples were then analysed by UHPLC-DAD-ESI-QTOF-HRMS in order to identify other extracted compounds and to study how the selected conditions impacted their extraction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thibault Lefebvre
- ICOA, UMR 7311, Université d'Orléans, rue de Chartres, BP 45067 Orléans, France
| | - Emilie Destandau
- ICOA, UMR 7311, Université d'Orléans, rue de Chartres, BP 45067 Orléans, France
| | - Eric Lesellier
- ICOA, UMR 7311, Université d'Orléans, rue de Chartres, BP 45067 Orléans, France.
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9
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Wu J, Liu W, Zhu R, Zhu X. On-line separation/analysis of Rhodamine B dye based on a solid-phase extraction high performance liquid chromatography self-designed device. RSC Adv 2021; 11:8255-8263. [PMID: 35423288 PMCID: PMC8695180 DOI: 10.1039/d0ra10771a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2020] [Accepted: 02/15/2021] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
A special self-designed device based on poly-1-vinyl-3-pentylimidazole hexafluorophosphate (PILs-C5) solid-phase extraction and high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) is proposed as a novel method for the on-line separation and analysis of Rhodamine B (RhB) dye. Single factor experiment design and orthogonal experiment design were used to optimize the experimental parameters, such as pH, the amount of PILs-C5, sample volume, flow rate, eluent type, eluent concentration, eluent volume, and the flow rate of eluent. Under the optimized conditions, the linear range was 0.02-2.4 μg mL-1, with the correlation coefficients (R 2) of 0.997. The limit of detection (LOD) and limit of quantification (LOQ) were 0.004 μg mL-1 and 0.02 μg mL-1, respectively. The extraction capacity was 6.22 mg g-1, and enrichment ratio was 15. The extraction mechanism and the post-treatment method of PILs-C5 were also studied. This method was applied to analyze RhB in a wide variety of real samples with satisfactory results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Wu
- College of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Yangzhou University Yangzhou 225002 PR China
| | - Wei Liu
- College of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Yangzhou University Yangzhou 225002 PR China
| | - Rui Zhu
- College of Guangling, Yangzhou University Yangzhou 225002 PR China
| | - Xiashi Zhu
- College of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Yangzhou University Yangzhou 225002 PR China
- College of Guangling, Yangzhou University Yangzhou 225002 PR China
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10
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Prokopchuk D, Pokrovskiy O. On the Enhanced Accuracy of Kinetic Curve Building in Supercritical Fluid Extraction from Aroma Plants Using a New 3D-Printed Extract Collection Device. Molecules 2020; 25:E2008. [PMID: 32344941 PMCID: PMC7249033 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25092008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2020] [Revised: 04/21/2020] [Accepted: 04/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Accurate collection of extracted material represents a technical problem in supercritical fluid extraction because trapping should be performed in severe conditions of rapidly moving and freezing expanded fluid. We have developed a simple device for effective sample collection in analytical-scale supercritical fluid extraction. The device consists of a cyclone separator equipped with a spray trap and a heated check valve. The cyclone separator and spray trap are manufactured from a light polymer via 3D printing and are quick-detachable, which encourages its use in applications where mass yield measurements are required. The device was compared to a standard tubing-and-vial approach in the task of building kinetic curves for the extraction from two aroma plants, namely, laurel and rosemary. The new device showed almost two-fold increase in extraction trapping, most probably due to better collection of volatile compounds. A curious effect of the number of mass measurement points per curve on apparent yield was observed. An increase in the number of points led to an increase in yield, probably due to the effect of the static-dynamic extract regime posed by the manner in which the device is used.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Oleg Pokrovskiy
- Kurnakov Institute of General and Inorganic Chemistry of Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow 119991, Russia
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11
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Gallego R, Bueno M, Herrero M. Sub- and supercritical fluid extraction of bioactive compounds from plants, food-by-products, seaweeds and microalgae – An update. Trends Analyt Chem 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.trac.2019.04.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 136] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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12
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Sovová H, Stateva RP. New developments in the modelling of carotenoids extraction from microalgae with supercritical CO2. J Supercrit Fluids 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.supflu.2019.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
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13
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Sun M, Al-Hamimi S, Sandahl M, Turner C. Dynamic extraction coupled on-line to liquid chromatography with a parallel sampling interface-a proof of concept for monitoring extraction kinetics. Anal Bioanal Chem 2019; 411:3675-3683. [PMID: 31062062 PMCID: PMC6571099 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-019-01849-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2019] [Revised: 03/28/2019] [Accepted: 04/12/2019] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
On-line hyphenation of extraction with chromatography has been explored in several different types of combinations. However, monitoring the complete process of a dynamic, continuous-flow extraction is not possible with any hyphenated system reported so far. The current work demonstrates that this challenging task can be effectively fulfilled by using a parallel sampling interface, which mimics the concept of comprehensive two-dimensional chromatography. In this study, pressurised hot water extraction was coupled on-line with ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography. The set-up was utilised in a kinetic study of dynamic pressurised hot water extraction of curcuminoids from turmeric powder. Compound-specific extraction curves were obtained, which clearly indicated the rate-limiting factors of the extraction processes under different conditions. Additionally, thermal degradation of curcumin during the extraction could also be demonstrated in some of the extractions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingzhe Sun
- Department of Chemistry, Centre for Analysis and Synthesis, Lund University, P.O. Box 124, 221 00, Lund, Sweden
| | - Said Al-Hamimi
- Department of Chemistry, Centre for Analysis and Synthesis, Lund University, P.O. Box 124, 221 00, Lund, Sweden
| | - Margareta Sandahl
- Department of Chemistry, Centre for Analysis and Synthesis, Lund University, P.O. Box 124, 221 00, Lund, Sweden
| | - Charlotta Turner
- Department of Chemistry, Centre for Analysis and Synthesis, Lund University, P.O. Box 124, 221 00, Lund, Sweden.
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14
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Fagundes MB, Falk RB, Facchi MMX, Vendruscolo RG, Maroneze MM, Zepka LQ, Jacob-Lopes E, Wagner R. Insights in cyanobacteria lipidomics: A sterols characterization from Phormidium autumnale biomass in heterotrophic cultivation. Food Res Int 2019; 119:777-784. [PMID: 30884716 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2018.10.060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2018] [Revised: 10/17/2018] [Accepted: 10/21/2018] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Sterol profiles were obtained from cyanobacteria Phormidium autumnale, cultivated in a heterotrophic system using three distinct sources of carbon: glucose, sucrose, and agroindustrial slaughterhouse wastewater. A simultaneous saponification-extraction ultrasound-assisted method was performed to determine sterol and other non-saponified compounds in the dry biomasses. A total of 24 compounds were observed in the biomasses, including hope-22,29-en-3-one, squalene, and 22 other sterols. Using wastewater as a carbon source, the microalgae biomass produced a diversity of sterols such as stigmasterol (455.3 μg g-1) and β-sitosterol (279.0 μg g-1). However, with glucose it is possible to produce ergosterol (1033.3 μg g-1). Squalene was found in all the cultures, with 1440.4 μg g-1, 225.4 μg g-1, and 425.6 μg g-1 for glucose, sucrose, and slaughterhouse wastewater biomasses, respectively. Several intermediate compounds from those sterols were found. These data provide the construction of the sterol metabolism according to the literature for P. autumnale heterotrophically cultured.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariane Bittencourt Fagundes
- Department of Food Technology and Science, Federal University of Santa Maria, Rio Grande do Sul CEP, Santa Maria 97105-900, Brazil
| | - Renata Bolzan Falk
- Department of Food Technology and Science, Federal University of Santa Maria, Rio Grande do Sul CEP, Santa Maria 97105-900, Brazil
| | - Michelle Maria Xavier Facchi
- Department of Food Technology and Science, Federal University of Santa Maria, Rio Grande do Sul CEP, Santa Maria 97105-900, Brazil
| | - Raquel Guidetti Vendruscolo
- Department of Food Technology and Science, Federal University of Santa Maria, Rio Grande do Sul CEP, Santa Maria 97105-900, Brazil
| | - Mariana Manzoni Maroneze
- Department of Food Technology and Science, Federal University of Santa Maria, Rio Grande do Sul CEP, Santa Maria 97105-900, Brazil
| | - Leila Queiroz Zepka
- Department of Food Technology and Science, Federal University of Santa Maria, Rio Grande do Sul CEP, Santa Maria 97105-900, Brazil
| | - Eduardo Jacob-Lopes
- Department of Food Technology and Science, Federal University of Santa Maria, Rio Grande do Sul CEP, Santa Maria 97105-900, Brazil
| | - Roger Wagner
- Department of Food Technology and Science, Federal University of Santa Maria, Rio Grande do Sul CEP, Santa Maria 97105-900, Brazil.
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15
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Sánchez-Camargo ADP, Parada-Alonso F, Ibáñez E, Cifuentes A. Recent applications of on-line supercritical fluid extraction coupled to advanced analytical techniques for compounds extraction and identification. J Sep Sci 2018; 42:243-257. [PMID: 30156751 DOI: 10.1002/jssc.201800729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2018] [Revised: 08/23/2018] [Accepted: 08/24/2018] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
In a previous review (Sánchez-Camargo et al., J. Sep. Sci. 40 (2017) 213-227), we discussed the application of on-line supercritical fluid extraction coupled to chromatographic techniques. This review includes an update of the most recent publications (from January 2016 till June 2018) on this topic, which employs advanced analytical techniques for extracting and identifying valuable analytes. Supercritical fluid extraction has been widely recognized as a green sample preparation technique, because it is efficient, environmentally friendly, powerful, and faster, offering the possibility of direct coupling to analytical instrumental techniques. Among those techniques, supercritical fluid chromatography has experienced an innovative progression in the last 10 years, and the most recent applications of supercritical fluid extraction are coupled to this advanced analytical tool. The general principles, both methodological and instrumental of on-line supercritical fluid extraction coupled to supercritical fluid chromatography are described here. Besides, applications of the mentioned coupling for analysing biological fluids, food, soil, and botanical samples are also presented and discussed. Finally, a brief description about the very recent on-line coupling of supercritical fluid extraction to ion mobility spectrometry is presented, as well as concluding remarks about the importance of using these coupled techniques in the near future.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Fabián Parada-Alonso
- High Pressure Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Bogotá D.C., Colombia
| | - Elena Ibáñez
- Laboratory of Foodomics, Institute of Food Science Research, CIAL, CSIC, Madrid, Spain
| | - Alejandro Cifuentes
- Laboratory of Foodomics, Institute of Food Science Research, CIAL, CSIC, Madrid, Spain
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16
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Multicomponent inverse modeling of supercritical fluid extraction of carotenoids, chlorophyll A, ergosterol and lipids from microalgae. J Supercrit Fluids 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.supflu.2018.05.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
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