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Machado ND, Mosquera JE, Cejudo-Bastante C, Goñi ML, Martini RE, Gañán NA, Mantell-Serrano C, Casas-Cardoso L. Supercritical Impregnation of PETG with Olea europaea Leaf Extract: Influence of Operational Parameters on Expansion Degree, Antioxidant and Mechanical Properties. Polymers (Basel) 2024; 16:1567. [PMID: 38891513 PMCID: PMC11174583 DOI: 10.3390/polym16111567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2024] [Revised: 05/28/2024] [Accepted: 05/29/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024] Open
Abstract
PETG (poly(ethylene glycol-co-cyclohexane-1,4-dimethanol terephthalate)) is an amorphous copolymer, biocompatible, recyclable, and versatile. Nowadays, it is being actively researched for biomedical applications. However, proposals of PETG as a platform for the loading of bioactive compounds from natural extract are scarce, as well as the effect of the supercritical impregnation on this polymer. In this work, the supercritical impregnation of PETG filaments with Olea europaea leaf extract was investigated, evaluating the effect of pressure (100-400 bar), temperature (35-55 °C), and depressurization rate (5-50 bar min-1) on the expansion degree, antioxidant activity, and mechanical properties of the resulting filaments. PETG expansion degree ranged from ~3 to 120%, with antioxidant loading ranging from 2.28 to 17.96 g per 100 g of polymer, corresponding to oxidation inhibition values of 7.65 and 66.55%, respectively. The temperature and the binary interaction between pressure and depressurization rate most affected these properties. The mechanical properties of PETG filaments depended greatly on process variables. Tensile strength values were similar or lower than the untreated filaments. Young's modulus and elongation at break values decreased below ~1000 MPa and ~10%, respectively, after the scCO2 treatment and impregnation. The extent of this decrease depended on the supercritical operational parameters. Therefore, filaments with higher antioxidant activity and different expansion degrees and mechanical properties were obtained by adjusting the supercritical processing conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noelia D. Machado
- Chemical Engineering and Food Technology Department, Faculty of Science, Wine and Agrifood Research Institute (IVAGRO), University of Cadiz, Avda. República Saharaui, s/n, 11510 Puerto Real, Spain; (C.C.-B.); (C.M.-S.); (L.C.-C.)
| | - José E. Mosquera
- Centre de Recherche de Royallieu, Laboratoire Transformations Intégrées de la Matière Renouvelable (TIMR), Ecole Supérieure de Chimie Organique et Minérale (ESCOM), Université de Technologie de Compiègne, Rue du Docteur Schweitzer CS 60319, 60203 Compiègne, France;
| | - Cristina Cejudo-Bastante
- Chemical Engineering and Food Technology Department, Faculty of Science, Wine and Agrifood Research Institute (IVAGRO), University of Cadiz, Avda. República Saharaui, s/n, 11510 Puerto Real, Spain; (C.C.-B.); (C.M.-S.); (L.C.-C.)
| | - María L. Goñi
- Instituto de Investigación y Desarrollo en Ingeniería de Procesos y Química Aplicada (IPQA–UNC–CONICET), Av. Vélez Sarsfield 1611, Córdoba X5016GCA, Argentina; (M.L.G.); (R.E.M.); (N.A.G.)
- Instituto de Ciencia y Tecnología de los Alimentos, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Físicas y Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba (ICTA–FCEFyN–UNC), Av. Vélez Sarsfield 1611, Córdoba X5016GCA, Argentina
| | - Raquel E. Martini
- Instituto de Investigación y Desarrollo en Ingeniería de Procesos y Química Aplicada (IPQA–UNC–CONICET), Av. Vélez Sarsfield 1611, Córdoba X5016GCA, Argentina; (M.L.G.); (R.E.M.); (N.A.G.)
- Instituto de Ciencia y Tecnología de los Alimentos, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Físicas y Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba (ICTA–FCEFyN–UNC), Av. Vélez Sarsfield 1611, Córdoba X5016GCA, Argentina
| | - Nicolás A. Gañán
- Instituto de Investigación y Desarrollo en Ingeniería de Procesos y Química Aplicada (IPQA–UNC–CONICET), Av. Vélez Sarsfield 1611, Córdoba X5016GCA, Argentina; (M.L.G.); (R.E.M.); (N.A.G.)
- Instituto de Ciencia y Tecnología de los Alimentos, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Físicas y Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba (ICTA–FCEFyN–UNC), Av. Vélez Sarsfield 1611, Córdoba X5016GCA, Argentina
| | - Casimiro Mantell-Serrano
- Chemical Engineering and Food Technology Department, Faculty of Science, Wine and Agrifood Research Institute (IVAGRO), University of Cadiz, Avda. República Saharaui, s/n, 11510 Puerto Real, Spain; (C.C.-B.); (C.M.-S.); (L.C.-C.)
| | - Lourdes Casas-Cardoso
- Chemical Engineering and Food Technology Department, Faculty of Science, Wine and Agrifood Research Institute (IVAGRO), University of Cadiz, Avda. República Saharaui, s/n, 11510 Puerto Real, Spain; (C.C.-B.); (C.M.-S.); (L.C.-C.)
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Gonçalves LFFF, Reis RL, Fernandes EM. Forefront Research of Foaming Strategies on Biodegradable Polymers and Their Composites by Thermal or Melt-Based Processing Technologies: Advances and Perspectives. Polymers (Basel) 2024; 16:1286. [PMID: 38732755 PMCID: PMC11085284 DOI: 10.3390/polym16091286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2024] [Revised: 04/13/2024] [Accepted: 04/26/2024] [Indexed: 05/13/2024] Open
Abstract
The last few decades have witnessed significant advances in the development of polymeric-based foam materials. These materials find several practical applications in our daily lives due to their characteristic properties such as low density, thermal insulation, and porosity, which are important in packaging, in building construction, and in biomedical applications, respectively. The first foams with practical applications used polymeric materials of petrochemical origin. However, due to growing environmental concerns, considerable efforts have been made to replace some of these materials with biodegradable polymers. Foam processing has evolved greatly in recent years due to improvements in existing techniques, such as the use of supercritical fluids in extrusion foaming and foam injection moulding, as well as the advent or adaptation of existing techniques to produce foams, as in the case of the combination between additive manufacturing and foam technology. The use of supercritical CO2 is especially advantageous in the production of porous structures for biomedical applications, as CO2 is chemically inert and non-toxic; in addition, it allows for an easy tailoring of the pore structure through processing conditions. Biodegradable polymeric materials, despite their enormous advantages over petroleum-based materials, present some difficulties regarding their potential use in foaming, such as poor melt strength, slow crystallization rate, poor processability, low service temperature, low toughness, and high brittleness, which limits their field of application. Several strategies were developed to improve the melt strength, including the change in monomer composition and the use of chemical modifiers and chain extenders to extend the chain length or create a branched molecular structure, to increase the molecular weight and the viscosity of the polymer. The use of additives or fillers is also commonly used, as fillers can improve crystallization kinetics by acting as crystal-nucleating agents. Alternatively, biodegradable polymers can be blended with other biodegradable polymers to combine certain properties and to counteract certain limitations. This work therefore aims to provide the latest advances regarding the foaming of biodegradable polymers. It covers the main foaming techniques and their advances and reviews the uses of biodegradable polymers in foaming, focusing on the chemical changes of polymers that improve their foaming ability. Finally, the challenges as well as the main opportunities presented reinforce the market potential of the biodegradable polymer foam materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luis F. F. F. Gonçalves
- 3B’s Research Group, I3Bs–Research Institute on Biomaterials, Biodegradables and Biomimetics, University of Minho, Headquarters of the European Institute of Excellence on Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, AvePark, Parque de Ciência e Tecnologia, Zona Industrial da Gandra, Barco, 4805-017 Guimarães, Portugal;
- ICVS/3B’s—PT Government Associate Laboratory, Barco, 4805-017 Guimarães, Portugal
| | - Rui L. Reis
- 3B’s Research Group, I3Bs–Research Institute on Biomaterials, Biodegradables and Biomimetics, University of Minho, Headquarters of the European Institute of Excellence on Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, AvePark, Parque de Ciência e Tecnologia, Zona Industrial da Gandra, Barco, 4805-017 Guimarães, Portugal;
- ICVS/3B’s—PT Government Associate Laboratory, Barco, 4805-017 Guimarães, Portugal
| | - Emanuel M. Fernandes
- 3B’s Research Group, I3Bs–Research Institute on Biomaterials, Biodegradables and Biomimetics, University of Minho, Headquarters of the European Institute of Excellence on Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, AvePark, Parque de Ciência e Tecnologia, Zona Industrial da Gandra, Barco, 4805-017 Guimarães, Portugal;
- ICVS/3B’s—PT Government Associate Laboratory, Barco, 4805-017 Guimarães, Portugal
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Yousefi Kanani A, Kennedy A. Effect of the Material Extrusion Process Parameters on the Compressive Properties of Additively Manufactured Foamed and Nonfoamed Polylactic Acid Structures. 3D PRINTING AND ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING 2024; 11:207-218. [PMID: 38389697 PMCID: PMC10880646 DOI: 10.1089/3dp.2022.0091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/24/2024]
Abstract
This work evaluates the potential for foamable polymer filaments to be used to make lightweight, energy-absorbing structures using additive manufacturing. To achieve this, a commercial, foamable polylactic acid filament was extruded using a material extrusion process to make parts for compression testing. It was found that a maximum foam expansion could be achieved at an extrusion nozzle temperature of 220°C, but that to achieve dimensional accuracy, the material flow rate through the nozzle had to be adjusted by decreasing the extrusion multiplier value. In a novel approach, accurate and faster builds could be achieved by decreasing the infill instead. When compared with porous structures achieved by using partial infilling instead or as well as foaming, all materials were found to follow the same power-law function of the solid fraction. These trends indicated that the mechanical response was, within experimental scatter, a function of the overall solid fraction and not influenced by whether the porosity was within or between the raster lines. Although there was no apparent benefit to the mechanical performance in introducing porosity into a polymer by foaming, foamable filaments are desirable if stiff, lightweight structures with low fractions of interconnected porosity are required and can be used in combination with infilling to produce low-density structures that would be highly suitable for cores in novel lightweight sandwich structures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Armin Yousefi Kanani
- Mechanical Engineering Group, School of Engineering, University of Kent, Canterbury, United Kingdom
- School of Engineering, Engineering Building, Lancaster University, Lancaster, United Kingdom
| | - Andrew Kennedy
- School of Engineering, Engineering Building, Lancaster University, Lancaster, United Kingdom
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Bendicho-Lavilla C, Seoane-Viaño I, Santos-Rosales V, Díaz-Tomé V, Carracedo-Pérez M, Luzardo-Álvarez AM, García-González CA, Otero-Espinar FJ. Intravitreal implants manufactured by supercritical foaming for treating retinal diseases. J Control Release 2023; 362:342-355. [PMID: 37633363 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2023.08.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2023] [Revised: 08/18/2023] [Accepted: 08/23/2023] [Indexed: 08/28/2023]
Abstract
Chronic retinal diseases, such as age-related macular degeneration (AMD), are a major cause of global visual impairment. However, current treatment methods involving repetitive intravitreal injections pose financial and health burdens for patients. The development of controlled drug release systems, particularly for biological drugs, is still an unmet need in prolonging drug release within the vitreous chamber. To address this, green supercritical carbon dioxide (scCO2) foaming technology was employed to manufacture porous poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA)-based intravitreal implants loaded with dexamethasone. The desired implant dimensions were achieved through 3D printing of customised moulds. By varying the depressurisation rates during the foaming process, implants with different porosities and dexamethasone release rates were successfully obtained. These implants demonstrated controlled drug release for up to four months, surpassing the performance of previously developed implants. In view of the positive results obtained, a pilot study was conducted using the monoclonal antibody bevacizumab to explore the feasibility of this technology for preparing intraocular implants loaded with biologic drug molecules. Overall, this study presents a greener and more sustainable alternative to conventional implant manufacturing techniques, particularly suited for drugs that are susceptible to degradation under harsh conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos Bendicho-Lavilla
- Department of Pharmacology, Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, and Materials Institute iMATUS, University of Santiago de Compostela (USC), 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain; Paraquasil Group (GI-2109), Health Research Institute of Santiago de Compostela (IDIS), 15706 Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Iria Seoane-Viaño
- Department of Pharmacology, Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, and Materials Institute iMATUS, University of Santiago de Compostela (USC), 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain; Paraquasil Group (GI-2109), Health Research Institute of Santiago de Compostela (IDIS), 15706 Santiago de Compostela, Spain; Department of Pharmaceutics, UCL School of Pharmacy, University College London, 29-39 Brunswick Square, London WC1N 1AX, UK
| | - Víctor Santos-Rosales
- Departamento de Farmacología, Farmacia y Tecnología Farmacéutica, I+D Farma (GI-1645), Facultad de Farmacia, Materials Institute iMATUS and Health Research Institute of Santiago de Compostela (IDIS), Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Victoria Díaz-Tomé
- Department of Pharmacology, Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, and Materials Institute iMATUS, University of Santiago de Compostela (USC), 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain; Clinical Pharmacology Group, Health Research Institute of Santiago de Compostela (IDIS), 15706 Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - María Carracedo-Pérez
- Departamento de Farmacología, Farmacia y Tecnología Farmacéutica, I+D Farma (GI-1645), Facultad de Farmacia, Materials Institute iMATUS and Health Research Institute of Santiago de Compostela (IDIS), Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Asteria M Luzardo-Álvarez
- Department of Pharmacology, Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, and Materials Institute iMATUS, University of Santiago de Compostela (USC), 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain; Paraquasil Group (GI-2109), Health Research Institute of Santiago de Compostela (IDIS), 15706 Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Carlos A García-González
- Departamento de Farmacología, Farmacia y Tecnología Farmacéutica, I+D Farma (GI-1645), Facultad de Farmacia, Materials Institute iMATUS and Health Research Institute of Santiago de Compostela (IDIS), Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Francisco J Otero-Espinar
- Department of Pharmacology, Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, and Materials Institute iMATUS, University of Santiago de Compostela (USC), 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain; Paraquasil Group (GI-2109), Health Research Institute of Santiago de Compostela (IDIS), 15706 Santiago de Compostela, Spain.
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Fanovich MA, Di Maio E, Salerno A. Current Trend and New Opportunities for Multifunctional Bio-Scaffold Fabrication via High-Pressure Foaming. J Funct Biomater 2023; 14:480. [PMID: 37754894 PMCID: PMC10531842 DOI: 10.3390/jfb14090480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2023] [Revised: 09/03/2023] [Accepted: 09/11/2023] [Indexed: 09/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Biocompatible and biodegradable foams prepared using the high-pressure foaming technique have been widely investigated in recent decades as porous scaffolds for in vitro and in vivo tissue growth. In fact, the foaming process can operate at low temperatures to load bioactive molecules and cells within the pores of the scaffold, while the density and pore architecture, and, hence, properties of the scaffold, can be finely modulated by the proper selection of materials and processing conditions. Most importantly, the high-pressure foaming of polymers is an ideal choice to limit and/or avoid the use of cytotoxic and tissue-toxic compounds during scaffold preparation. The aim of this review is to provide the reader with the state of the art and current trend in the high-pressure foaming of biomedical polymers and composites towards the design and fabrication of multifunctional scaffolds for tissue engineering. This manuscript describes the application of the gas foaming process for bio-scaffold design and fabrication and highlights some of the most interesting results on: (1) the engineering of porous scaffolds featuring biomimetic porosity to guide cell behavior and to mimic the hierarchical architecture of complex tissues, such as bone; (2) the bioactivation of the scaffolds through the incorporation of inorganic fillers and drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- María Alejandra Fanovich
- Institute of Materials Science and Technology (INTEMA), National University of Mar del Plata, National Research Council (CONICET), Mar del Plata 7600, Argentina;
| | - Ernesto Di Maio
- Department of Chemical, Materials and Industrial Production Engineering, University of Naples Federico II, 80125 Naples, Italy;
| | - Aurelio Salerno
- Department of Chemical, Materials and Industrial Production Engineering, University of Naples Federico II, 80125 Naples, Italy;
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Kim J, Kim SW, Kweon BC, Kim KH, Cha SW. Solid-State Surface Patterning on Polymer Using the Microcellular Foaming Process. Polymers (Basel) 2023; 15:polym15051153. [PMID: 36904394 PMCID: PMC10007601 DOI: 10.3390/polym15051153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2023] [Revised: 02/20/2023] [Accepted: 02/23/2023] [Indexed: 03/02/2023] Open
Abstract
This study proposes a novel process that integrates the molding and patterning of solid-state polymers with the force generated from the volume expansion of the microcellular-foaming process (MCP) and the softening of solid-state polymers due to gas adsorption. The batch-foaming process, which is one of the MCPs, is a useful process that can cause thermal, acoustic, and electrical characteristic changes in polymer materials. However, its development is limited due to low productivity. A pattern was imprinted on the surface using a polymer gas mixture with a 3D-printed polymer mold. The process was controlled with changing weight gain by controlling saturation time. A scanning electron microscope (SEM) and confocal laser scanning microscopy were used to obtain the results. The maximum depth could be formed in the same manner as the mold geometry (sample depth: 208.7 μm; mold depth: 200 μm). Furthermore, the same pattern could be imprinted as a layer thickness of 3D printing (sample pattern gap and mold layer gap: 0.4 mm), and surface roughness was increased according to increase in the foaming ratio. This process can be used as a novel method to expand the limited applications of the batch-foaming process considering that MCPs can impart various high-value-added characteristics to polymers.
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Sun H, Pei X, Ruan H, Song F, Wang T, Wang Q, Wang C. “Partition Method”-Inspired Fabrication of Hierarchically Porous Polyetherimide via Supercritical CO 2 Foaming: Achieving Efficient Adsorption of Carbon Dioxide. Ind Eng Chem Res 2023. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.2c03803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/22/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Huiting Sun
- Key Laboratory of Science and Technology on Wear and Protection of Materials, Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 73000, China
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Xianqiang Pei
- Key Laboratory of Science and Technology on Wear and Protection of Materials, Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 73000, China
| | - Hongwei Ruan
- Key Laboratory of Science and Technology on Wear and Protection of Materials, Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 73000, China
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Fuzhi Song
- Key Laboratory of Science and Technology on Wear and Protection of Materials, Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 73000, China
| | - Tingmei Wang
- Key Laboratory of Science and Technology on Wear and Protection of Materials, Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 73000, China
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Qihua Wang
- Key Laboratory of Science and Technology on Wear and Protection of Materials, Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 73000, China
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Chao Wang
- Key Laboratory of Science and Technology on Wear and Protection of Materials, Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 73000, China
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Sodeifian G, Hsieh CM, Tabibzadeh A, Wang HC, Arbab Nooshabadi M. Solubility of palbociclib in supercritical carbon dioxide from experimental measurement and Peng-Robinson equation of state. Sci Rep 2023; 13:2172. [PMID: 36750582 PMCID: PMC9905554 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-29228-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2022] [Accepted: 01/31/2023] [Indexed: 02/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Palbociclib is a poorly water-soluble medicine which acts against metastatic breast cancer cells. Among various techniques to improve the solubility of this medicine, applying supercritical technologies to produce micro- and nano-sized particles is a possible option. For this purpose, extraction of solubility data is required. In this research, the solubility of palbociclib in supercritical carbon dioxide (ScCO2) at different equilibrium conditions was measured at temperatures between 308 and 338 K and pressures within 12-27 MPa, for the first time. The minimum and maximum solubility data were found to be 8.1 × 10-7 (at 338 K and 12 MPa) and 2.03 × 10-5 (at 338 K and 27 MPa), respectively. Thereafter, two sets of models, including ten semi-empirical equations and three Peng-Robinson (PR) based integrated models were used to correlate the experimental solubility data. Bian's model and PR equation of state using van der Waals mixing rules (PR + vdW) showed better accuracy among the examined semi-empirical and integrated models, respectively. Furthermore, the self-consistency of the obtained data was confirmed using two distinct semi-empirical models. At last, the total and vaporization enthalpies of palbociclib solubility in ScCO2 were calculated from correlation results of semi-empirical equations and estimated to be 40.41 and 52.67 kJ/mol, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gholamhossein Sodeifian
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Kashan, Kashan, 87317-53153, Iran. .,Laboratory of Supercritical Fluids and Nanotechnology, University of Kashan, Kashan, 87317-53153, Iran. .,Modeling and Simulation Centre, Faculty of Engineering, University of Kashan, Kashan, 87317-53153, Iran.
| | - Chieh-Ming Hsieh
- grid.37589.300000 0004 0532 3167Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, National Central University, Taoyuan, 320317 Taiwan
| | - Amirmuhammad Tabibzadeh
- grid.412057.50000 0004 0612 7328Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Kashan, Kashan, 87317-53153 Iran ,grid.412057.50000 0004 0612 7328Laboratory of Supercritical Fluids and Nanotechnology, University of Kashan, Kashan, 87317-53153 Iran ,grid.412057.50000 0004 0612 7328Modeling and Simulation Centre, Faculty of Engineering, University of Kashan, Kashan, 87317-53153 Iran
| | - Hsu-Chen Wang
- grid.37589.300000 0004 0532 3167Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, National Central University, Taoyuan, 320317 Taiwan
| | - Maryam Arbab Nooshabadi
- grid.460957.90000 0004 0494 0702Bolvar Ghotbe Ravandi, Islamic Azad University of Kashan, Ostaadan Street, Kashan, 87159-98151 Iran
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Bartoletti A, Soares I, Ramos AM, Shashoua Y, Quye A, Casimiro T, Ferreira JL. Assessing the Impact and Suitability of Dense Carbon Dioxide as a Green Solvent for the Treatment of PMMA of Historical Value. Polymers (Basel) 2023; 15:polym15030566. [PMID: 36771867 PMCID: PMC9919672 DOI: 10.3390/polym15030566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2022] [Revised: 01/14/2023] [Accepted: 01/19/2023] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Surface cleaning of plastic materials of historical value can be challenging due to the high risk of inducing detrimental effects and visual alterations. As a result, recent studies have focused on researching new approaches that might reduce the associated hazards and, at the same time, minimize the environmental impact by employing biodegradable and green materials. In this context, the present work investigates the effects and potential suitability of dense carbon dioxide (CO2) as an alternative and green solvent for cleaning plastic materials of historical value. The results of extensive trials with CO2 in different phases (supercritical, liquid, and vapor) and under various conditions (pressure, temperature, exposure, and depressurization time) are reported for new, transparent, thick poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) samples. The impact of CO2 on the weight, the appearance of the samples (dimensions, color, gloss, and surface texture), and modifications to their physicochemical and mechanical properties were monitored via a multi-analytical approach that included optical microscopy, Raman and attenuated total reflection Fourier transform infrared (ATR-FTIR) spectroscopies, and micro-indentation (Vickers hardness). Results showed that CO2 induced undesirable and irreversible changes in PMMA samples (i.e., formation of fractures and stress-induced cracking, drastic decrease in the surface hardness of the samples), independent of the conditions used (i.e., temperature, pressure, CO2 phase, and exposure time).
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Affiliation(s)
- Angelica Bartoletti
- LAQV-REQUIMTE and Department of Conservation and Restoration, NOVA School of Science and Technology, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal
- Correspondence: (A.B.); (J.L.F.)
| | - Inês Soares
- LAQV-REQUIMTE and Department of Conservation and Restoration, NOVA School of Science and Technology, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal
| | - Ana Maria Ramos
- LAQV-REQUIMTE and Department of Conservation and Restoration, NOVA School of Science and Technology, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal
- LAQV-REQUIMTE and Department of Chemistry, NOVA School of Science and Technology, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal
| | - Yvonne Shashoua
- Environmental Archaeology and Materials Science, National Museum of Denmark, 2800 Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Anita Quye
- Kelvin Centre for Conservation and Cultural Heritage Research, School of Culture and Creative Arts, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QH, UK
| | - Teresa Casimiro
- LAQV-REQUIMTE and Department of Chemistry, NOVA School of Science and Technology, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal
| | - Joana Lia Ferreira
- Centro Interuniversitário de História das Ciências e da Tecnologia, Department of Conservation and Restoration, NOVA School of Science and Technology, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal
- Correspondence: (A.B.); (J.L.F.)
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Saini A, Yadav C, Lyu M. Cavity pressure profile study during foam injection molding and its effect on cell formation of polypropylene/chemical blowing agent foam. J Appl Polym Sci 2023. [DOI: 10.1002/app.53643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Arun Saini
- Department of Mechanical System Design Engineering Seoul National University of Science and Technology Seoul Republic of Korea
| | | | - Min‐Young Lyu
- Department of Mechanical System Design Engineering Seoul National University of Science and Technology Seoul Republic of Korea
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11
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Zhou Y, Tian Y, Peng X. Applications and Challenges of Supercritical Foaming Technology. Polymers (Basel) 2023; 15:polym15020402. [PMID: 36679284 PMCID: PMC9864728 DOI: 10.3390/polym15020402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2022] [Revised: 01/10/2023] [Accepted: 01/10/2023] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
With economic development, environmental problems are becoming more and more prominent, and achieving green chemistry is an urgent task nowadays, which creates an opportunity for the development of supercritical foaming technology. The foaming agents used in supercritical foaming technology are usually supercritical carbon dioxide (ScCO2) and supercritical nitrogen (ScN2), both of which are used without environmental burden. This technology can reduce the environmental impact of polymer foam production. Although supercritical foaming technology is already in production in some fields, it has not been applied on a large scale. Here, we present a detailed analysis of the types of foaming agents currently used in supercritical foaming technology and their applications in various fields, summarizing the technological improvements that have been made to the technology. However, we have found that today's supercritical technologies still need to address some additional challenges to achieve large-scale production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yujin Zhou
- College of Physical Education, Wuhan Sports University, Wuhan 430079, China
- College of Science, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430081, China
| | - Yingrui Tian
- School of Materials and Metallurgy, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430081, China
| | - Xiaowei Peng
- College of Physical Education, Wuhan Sports University, Wuhan 430079, China
- Correspondence:
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12
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Yang J, Yan X, Xu X, Chen Y, Han W, Chai X, Liu X, Liu J, Liu C, Zhang H, Li X, Zhang Z, Wang T. Progress in the Foaming of Polymer-based Electromagnetic Interference Shielding Composites by Supercritical CO 2. Chem Asian J 2023; 18:e202201000. [PMID: 36411242 DOI: 10.1002/asia.202201000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2022] [Revised: 11/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
As a critical action plan formulated for peaking carbon dioxide emissions, polymeric electromagnetic interference (EMI) shielding materials based on CO2 foaming technology have recently been attracting widespread attention in both research and industry, attributable to their efficient use of CO2 , high specific strength, corrosion resistance and low-cost characteristics. In the past decade, the emergence of novel design concepts and preparation techniques for CO2 foaming technology has led to the development of new high-performance EMI shielding materials in this field. This review summarizes the research progress made to date on the fabrication of EMI shielding composite foams by supercritical carbon dioxide (scCO2 ) foaming. We also explore the structure-activity relationships between the component/distribution and EMI shielding properties. Additionally, the application prospects and development challenges of new EMI shielding composite foams are described.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianming Yang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Anhui University of Technology, Ma'anshan, Anhui, 243032, P. R. China.,School of Materials Science and Engineering, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, 212003, P. R. China
| | - Xin Yan
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Anhui University of Technology, Ma'anshan, Anhui, 243032, P. R. China
| | - Xinru Xu
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Sciences, Department of Chemistry, School of Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, P. R. China
| | - Yujian Chen
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Anhui University of Technology, Ma'anshan, Anhui, 243032, P. R. China
| | - Wei Han
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Anhui University of Technology, Ma'anshan, Anhui, 243032, P. R. China
| | - Xianzhi Chai
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, 212003, P. R. China
| | - Xiang Liu
- Life and Health Intelligent Research Institute, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Tianjin University of Technology, Tianjin, 300384, P. R. China
| | - Jiaxing Liu
- Life and Health Intelligent Research Institute, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Tianjin University of Technology, Tianjin, 300384, P. R. China
| | - Chen Liu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Anhui University of Technology, Ma'anshan, Anhui, 243032, P. R. China
| | - Hexin Zhang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Anhui University of Technology, Ma'anshan, Anhui, 243032, P. R. China
| | - Xiao Li
- Life and Health Intelligent Research Institute, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Tianjin University of Technology, Tianjin, 300384, P. R. China
| | - Zhen Zhang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Sciences, Department of Chemistry, School of Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, P. R. China
| | - Tie Wang
- Life and Health Intelligent Research Institute, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Tianjin University of Technology, Tianjin, 300384, P. R. China
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13
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Validation of a compartmental model to predict drug release from porous structures produced by ScCO 2 techniques. Eur J Pharm Sci 2023; 180:106325. [PMID: 36351487 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejps.2022.106325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2022] [Revised: 11/02/2022] [Accepted: 11/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
A global release model is proposed to study the drug release from porous materials for pharmaceutical applications. This model is defined by implementing a compartmental model where the release profile could be explained as the combination of mass transfer phenomena through three compartments as well as a desorption process or dissolution process from the support. This model was validated with five different systems produced with supercritical CO2 (aerogels, membranes, and fibers), showing different release processes. Numerical results indicate that this compartmental approach can be useful to determine adsorption and desorption constants as well as mass transfer resistances within the material. Likewise, this model can predict lag phases and imbibition phenomena. Therefore, the development of compartmental models can be an alternative to traditional models to successfully predict the drug profile of porous materials, achieving a complete understanding of the involved phenomena regardless of the material characteristics.
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14
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Production and Application of Polymer Foams Employing Supercritical Carbon Dioxide. ADVANCES IN POLYMER TECHNOLOGY 2022. [DOI: 10.1155/2022/8905115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Polymeric foams have characteristics that make them attractive for different applications. However, some foaming methods rely on chemicals that are not environmentally friendly. One of the possibilities to tackle the environmental issue is to utilize supercritical carbon dioxide ScCO2 since it is a “green” solvent, thus facilitating a sustainable method of producing foams. ScCO2 is nontoxic, chemically inert, and soluble in molten plastic. It can act as a plasticizer, decreasing the viscosity of polymers according to temperature and pressure. Most foam processes can benefit from ScCO2 since the methods rely on nucleation, growth, and expansion mechanisms. Process considerations such as pretreatment, temperature, pressure, pressure drop, and diffusion time are relevant parameters for foaming. Other variables such as additives, fillers, and chain extenders also play a role in the foaming process. This review highlights the morphology, performance, and features of the foam produced with ScCO2, considering relevant aspects of replacing or introducing a novel foam. Recent findings related to foaming assisted by ScCO2 and how processing parameters influence the foam product are addressed. In addition, we discuss possible applications where foams have significant benefits. This review shows the recent progress and possibilities of ScCO2 in processing polymer foams.
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15
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Corrugated thermoplastic polyurethane foams with high mechanical strength fabricated by integrating fused filament fabrication and microcellular foaming using supercritical CO2. J CO2 UTIL 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcou.2022.102293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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16
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Haurat M, Sauceau M, Baillon F, Barbenchon LL, Pedros M, Dumon M. Supercritical
CO
2
‐assisted extrusion foaming: A suitable process to produce very lightweight acrylic polymer micro foams. J Appl Polym Sci 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/app.53277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Margaux Haurat
- Laboratoire de Chimie des Polymères Organiques Université de Bordeaux, CNRS, Bordeaux INP/ENSCBP, UMR 5629 PessacCedex France
| | - Martial Sauceau
- Centre RAPSODEE UMR CNRS 5302, IMT Mines Albi, Université de Toulouse Toulouse France
| | - Fabien Baillon
- Centre RAPSODEE UMR CNRS 5302, IMT Mines Albi, Université de Toulouse Toulouse France
| | - Louise Le Barbenchon
- I2M Institut de Mécanique et Ingénierie ‐ UMR CNRS 5295 Université de Bordeaux Bordeaux France
| | - Matthieu Pedros
- Département Science et Génie Matériaux ‐ SGM IUT Université de Bordeaux Bordeaux France
| | - Michel Dumon
- Laboratoire de Chimie des Polymères Organiques Université de Bordeaux, CNRS, Bordeaux INP/ENSCBP, UMR 5629 PessacCedex France
- Département Science et Génie Matériaux ‐ SGM IUT Université de Bordeaux Bordeaux France
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17
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Ha ES, Kang HT, Park H, Kim S, Kim MS. Advanced technology using supercritical fluid for particle production in pharmaceutical continuous manufacturing. JOURNAL OF PHARMACEUTICAL INVESTIGATION 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s40005-022-00601-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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18
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Wang D, Xue Y, You C, Lei W, Zhong F, Li Y, Wang P, Li K, Zheng Y, Yang X. Effect of nonsolvent on the structures and properties of poly(arylene ether nitrile) films prepared by the phase inversion method. J Appl Polym Sci 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/app.53306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Dengyu Wang
- School of Mechanical Engineering Chengdu University Chengdu China
| | - Ya Xue
- School of Mechanical Engineering Chengdu University Chengdu China
| | - Chen You
- School of Mechanical Engineering Chengdu University Chengdu China
| | - Wenwu Lei
- School of Mechanical Engineering Chengdu University Chengdu China
| | - Fei Zhong
- School of Mechanical Engineering Chengdu University Chengdu China
- Sichuan Province Engineering Technology Research Center of Powder Metallurgy Chengdu University Chengdu China
| | - Ying Li
- School of Mechanical Engineering Chengdu University Chengdu China
- Sichuan Province Engineering Technology Research Center of Powder Metallurgy Chengdu University Chengdu China
| | - Pan Wang
- School of Mechanical Engineering Chengdu University Chengdu China
- Sichuan Province Engineering Technology Research Center of Powder Metallurgy Chengdu University Chengdu China
| | - Kui Li
- School of Mechanical Engineering Chengdu University Chengdu China
- Sichuan Province Engineering Technology Research Center of Powder Metallurgy Chengdu University Chengdu China
| | - Yun Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Chemical Materials and Devices, Ministry of Education Jianghan University Wuhan China
| | - Xulin Yang
- School of Mechanical Engineering Chengdu University Chengdu China
- Sichuan Province Engineering Technology Research Center of Powder Metallurgy Chengdu University Chengdu China
- Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Chemical Materials and Devices, Ministry of Education Jianghan University Wuhan China
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19
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Dippold M, Ruckdäschel H. Influence of pressure-induced temperature drop on the foaming behavior of amorphous polylactide (PLA) during autoclave foaming with supercritical CO2. J Supercrit Fluids 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.supflu.2022.105734] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022]
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20
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Ren Q, Wu M, Wang L, Zheng W, Hikima Y, Semba T, Ohshima M. Light and strong poly (lactic acid)/ cellulose nanofiber nanocomposite foams with enhanced rheological and crystallization property. J Supercrit Fluids 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.supflu.2022.105758] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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21
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Zuo K, Li K, Yun Z, He G, Islam SR, Yang Y, Zhang X, Chen J. Microcellular foaming and mechanical properties of iPP-iPPF using supercritical CO2. J Supercrit Fluids 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.supflu.2022.105754] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022]
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22
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Supercritical CO2-assisted Impregnation/Deposition of Polymeric Materials With Pharmaceutical, Nutraceutical, and Biomedical Applications: A Review (2015-2021). J Supercrit Fluids 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.supflu.2022.105763] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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23
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Doyle L, Weidlich I, Di Maio E. Developing Insulating Polymeric Foams: Strategies and Research Needs from a Circular Economy Perspective. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 15:6212. [PMID: 36143523 PMCID: PMC9502929 DOI: 10.3390/ma15186212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2022] [Revised: 08/31/2022] [Accepted: 09/02/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Insulating polymeric foams have an important role to play in increasing energy efficiency and therefore contributing to combating climate change. Their development in recent years has been driven towards the reduction of thermal conductivity and achievement of the required mechanical properties as main targets towards sustainability. This perception of sustainability has overseen the choice of raw materials, which are often toxic, or has placed research efforts on optimizing one constituent while the other necessary reactants remain hazardous. The transition to the circular economy requires a holistic understanding of sustainability and a shift in design methodology and the resulting research focus. This paper identifies research needs and possible strategies for polymeric foam development compatible with Circular Product Design and Green Engineering, based on an extensive literature review. Identified research needs include material characterization of a broader spectrum of polymer melt-gas solutions, ageing behavior, tailoring of the polymer chains, detailed understanding and modeling of the effects of shear on cell nucleation, and the upscaling of processing tools allowing for high and defined pressure drop rates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucia Doyle
- Technical Infrastructure Management, HafenCity University, 20457 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Ingo Weidlich
- Technical Infrastructure Management, HafenCity University, 20457 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Ernesto Di Maio
- Dipartimento di Ingegneria Chimica, dei Materiali e della Produzione Industriale, University of Naples Federico II, 80138 Naples, Italy
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24
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Supercritical Fluid Extraction from Zataria multiflora Boiss and Impregnation of Bioactive Compounds in PLA for the Development of Materials with Antibacterial Properties. Processes (Basel) 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/pr10091787] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
In this research, the extraction with supercritical carbon dioxide (SC-CO2) and the subsequent impregnation of the extracted bioactive compounds from Zataria multiflora Boiss (Z. multiflora) into polylactic acid (PLA) films was investigated. The effects of temperature (318 and 338 K), pressure (15 and 25 MPa) and cosolvent presence (0 and 3 mol%) on the extraction yield were studied. The SC-CO2 assisted impregnation runs were carried out in a discontinuous mode at different pressure (15 and 25 MPa), temperature (318 and 328 K), and time (2 and 8 h) values, using 0.5 MPa min−1 as a constant value of depressurization rate. ANOVA results confirmed that pressure, temperature, and time influenced the extraction yield. Moreover, antioxidant activities of extracts of Z. multiflora were evaluated using 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging assays. In addition, the antibacterial activities of the extracts were screened against standard strains of Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) and Escherichia coli (E. coli). The results of this investigation indicated that extracts obtained from the aerial parts of Z. multiflora possessed antioxidant and antibacterial properties. The impregnated samples presented strong antibacterial activity against the selected microorganisms.
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25
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Huang P, Wu F, Su Y, Luo H, Lan X, Lee PC, Zheng W. Supercritical
CO
2
foaming of open‐cell polypropylene/ethylene propylene diene monomer composite foams with oriented cellular structures for water treatment. J Appl Polym Sci 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/app.53068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Pengke Huang
- Ningbo Key Lab of Polymer Materials, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences Ningbo Zhejiang Province China
| | - Fei Wu
- Ningbo Key Lab of Polymer Materials, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences Ningbo Zhejiang Province China
| | - Yaozhuo Su
- Ningbo Key Lab of Polymer Materials, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences Ningbo Zhejiang Province China
| | - Haibin Luo
- Ningbo Key Lab of Polymer Materials, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences Ningbo Zhejiang Province China
| | - Xiaoqin Lan
- Ningbo Key Lab of Polymer Materials, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences Ningbo Zhejiang Province China
| | - Patrick C. Lee
- Multifunctional Composites Manufacturing Laboratory, Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering University of Toronto Toronto Ontario Canada
| | - Wenge Zheng
- Ningbo Key Lab of Polymer Materials, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences Ningbo Zhejiang Province China
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26
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Supercritical Fluid Technologies for the Incorporation of Synthetic and Natural Active Compounds into Materials for Drug Formulation and Delivery. Pharmaceutics 2022; 14:pharmaceutics14081670. [PMID: 36015296 PMCID: PMC9413081 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics14081670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2022] [Revised: 08/05/2022] [Accepted: 08/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Various active compounds isolated from natural sources exhibit remarkable benefits, making them attractive for pharmaceutical and biomedical applications, such as antioxidant, antimicrobial, and anti-inflammatory activities, which contribute to the treatment of cardiovascular diseases, neurodegenerative disorders, various types of cancer, diabetes, and obesity. However, their major drawbacks are their reactivity, instability, relatively poor water solubility, and consequently low bioavailability. Synthetic drugs often face similar challenges associated with inadequate solubility or burst release in gastrointestinal media, despite being otherwise a safe and effective option for the treatment of numerous diseases. Therefore, drug-eluting pharmaceutical formulations have been of great importance over the years in efforts to improve the bioavailability of active compounds by increasing their solubility and achieving their controlled release in body media. This review highlights the success of the fabrication of micro- and nanoformulations using environmentally friendly supercritical fluid technologies for the processing and incorporation of active compounds. Several novel approaches, namely micronization to produce micro- and nano-sized particles, supercritical drying to produce aerogels, supercritical foaming, and supercritical solvent impregnation, are described in detail, along with the currently available drug delivery data for these formulations.
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27
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Lin W, Hikima Y, Ohshima M. Microcellular foam of styrene–isobutylene–styrene copolymer with
N
2
using polypropylene as a crystallization nucleating and shrinkage reducing agent. J Appl Polym Sci 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/app.52977] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Weiyuan Lin
- Department of Chemical Engineering Kyoto University Kyoto Katsura Japan
| | - Yuta Hikima
- Department of Chemical Engineering Kyoto University Kyoto Katsura Japan
| | - Masahiro Ohshima
- Department of Chemical Engineering Kyoto University Kyoto Katsura Japan
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28
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Athanasoulia I, Louli V, Schinas P, Rinotas V, Douni E, Tarantili P, Magoulas K. The effect of foaming process with supercritical
CO
2
on the morphology and properties of
3D
porous polylactic acid scaffolds. POLYM ENG SCI 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/pen.26020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Vasiliki Louli
- Thermodynamics and Transport Phenomena Lab., School of Chemical Engineering National Technical University of Athens Greece
| | - Petros Schinas
- Environment and Quality of Life Lab., School of Chemical Engineering National Technical University of Athens Greece
| | - Vagelis Rinotas
- Institute for Bioinnovation Biomedical Sciences Research Center “Alexander Fleming” Vari Greece
| | - Eleni Douni
- Institute for Bioinnovation Biomedical Sciences Research Center “Alexander Fleming” Vari Greece
- Laboratory of Genetics, Department of Biotechnology Agricultural University of Athens Athens Greece
| | - Petroula Tarantili
- Polymer Technology Lab., School of Chemical Engineering National Technical University of Athens Greece
| | - Konstantinos Magoulas
- Thermodynamics and Transport Phenomena Lab., School of Chemical Engineering National Technical University of Athens Greece
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29
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Principles and Guidelines for In-Line Viscometry in Cereal Extrusion. Polymers (Basel) 2022; 14:polym14122316. [PMID: 35745891 PMCID: PMC9227049 DOI: 10.3390/polym14122316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2022] [Revised: 05/26/2022] [Accepted: 05/30/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
In the food industry, extrusion cooking finds numerous applications thanks to its high productivity and nutrient retention. More specifically, cereal extrusion, e.g., for savory snacks and breakfast products has an important market share. For such applications, rheology, which addresses viscous and elastic contributions, plays an important role in developing, optimizing, and controlling the extrusion manufacturing technique. In this context, conventional off-line rheometers are not ideal for providing data, as the goal is to replicate the exact thermomechanical history to which the food is subjected in the extrusion process. Hence, to achieve reliable analyses, in-line viscometers that have mostly been tested using oil-based polymers were introduced. Biopolymers (e.g., starch), however, are highly sensitive to both heat and mechanical degradation, and the viscometer design has to be adapted accordingly to produce an accurate measurement. Alongside a discussion of the different designs available, this review will address the most common methodologies for measuring the steady shear viscosity, extensional viscosity, and the first normal stress difference for food applications, providing researchers in the biopolymer and food engineering fields with a general introduction to this emerging topic.
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30
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Briand A, Leybros A, Doucet O, Vite M, Gasmi A, Ruiz JC, Lamadie F, Grandjean A. Deformation-induced delamination of photovoltaic modules by foaming ethylene-vinyl acetate with supercritical CO2. J CO2 UTIL 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcou.2022.101933] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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31
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Bee SL, Hamid ZAA. Asymmetric resorbable-based dental barrier membrane for periodontal guided tissue regeneration and guided bone regeneration: A review. J Biomed Mater Res B Appl Biomater 2022; 110:2157-2182. [PMID: 35322931 DOI: 10.1002/jbm.b.35060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2021] [Revised: 02/28/2022] [Accepted: 03/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Guided tissue regeneration (GTR) and guided bone regeneration (GBR) are two common dental regenerative treatments targeted at reconstructing damaged periodontal tissue and bone caused by periodontitis. During GTR/GBR treatment, a barrier membrane is placed in the interface between the soft tissue and the periodontal defect to inhibit soft tissue ingrowth and creating a space for the infiltration of slow-growing bone cells into the defect site. Recently, asymmetric resorbable-based barrier membrane has received a considerable attention as a new generation of GTR/GBR membrane. Despite numerous literatures about asymmetric-based membrane that had been published, there is lacks comprehensive review on asymmetric barrier membrane that particularly highlight the importance of membrane structure for periodontal regeneration. In this review, we systematically cover the latest development and advancement of various kinds of asymmetric barrier membranes used in periodontal GTR/GBR application. Herein, the ideal requirements for constructing a barrier membrane as well as the rationale behind the asymmetric design, are firstly presented. Various innovative methods used in fabricating asymmetric barrier membrane are being further discussed. Subsequently, the application and evaluation of various types of asymmetric barrier membrane used for GTR/GBR are compiled and extensively reviewed based on the recent literatures reported. Based on the existing gap in this field, the future research directions of asymmetric resorbable-based barrier membrane such as its combination potential with bone grafts, are also presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soo-Ling Bee
- School of Materials and Mineral Resources Engineering, Engineering Campus, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Penang, Malaysia
| | - Zuratul Ain Abdul Hamid
- School of Materials and Mineral Resources Engineering, Engineering Campus, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Penang, Malaysia
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32
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Doyle L. Extrusion foaming behavior of polybutene‐1. Toward
single‐material
multifunctional sandwich structures. J Appl Polym Sci 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/app.51816] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Lucía Doyle
- Infrastructural Engineering HafenCity University Hamburg Germany
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33
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Weng Z, Wu M, Ren Q, Li W, Zhu X, Wang L, Li H, Zheng W. Achieving low‐thermal conductivity and high β phase in
PVDF
/
PMMA
blend foams via low‐pressure microcellular foaming. J Appl Polym Sci 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/app.52338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Zhengsheng Weng
- Faculty of Materials Metallurgy and Chemistry Jiangxi University of Science and Technology Ganzhou China
- Ningbo Key Lab of Polymer Materials, Ningbo Institute of Material Technology and Engineering Chinese Academy of Sciences Ningbo China
| | - Minghui Wu
- Ningbo Key Lab of Polymer Materials, Ningbo Institute of Material Technology and Engineering Chinese Academy of Sciences Ningbo China
- Advanced Materials and Composites Department University of Nottingham Ningbo China Ningbo China
| | - Qian Ren
- Ningbo Key Lab of Polymer Materials, Ningbo Institute of Material Technology and Engineering Chinese Academy of Sciences Ningbo China
- School of Chemical Sciences University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China
| | - Wanwan Li
- Ningbo Key Lab of Polymer Materials, Ningbo Institute of Material Technology and Engineering Chinese Academy of Sciences Ningbo China
- School of Materials Science and Chemical Engineering Ningbo University Ningbo Zhejiang China
| | - Xiuyu Zhu
- Ningbo Key Lab of Polymer Materials, Ningbo Institute of Material Technology and Engineering Chinese Academy of Sciences Ningbo China
- School of Materials Science and Chemical Engineering Ningbo University Ningbo Zhejiang China
| | - Long Wang
- Ningbo Key Lab of Polymer Materials, Ningbo Institute of Material Technology and Engineering Chinese Academy of Sciences Ningbo China
- School of Chemical Sciences University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China
| | - Hui Li
- Faculty of Materials Metallurgy and Chemistry Jiangxi University of Science and Technology Ganzhou China
| | - Wenge Zheng
- Ningbo Key Lab of Polymer Materials, Ningbo Institute of Material Technology and Engineering Chinese Academy of Sciences Ningbo China
- School of Chemical Sciences University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China
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34
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Foaming with scCO2 and Impregnation with Cinnamaldehyde of PLA Nanocomposites for Food Packaging. Processes (Basel) 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/pr10020376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Microcellular nanocomposite foams functionalized with cinnamaldehyde (Ci) were obtained through two-step supercritical foaming and impregnation processing. PLA nanocomposite foams with different C30B concentrations (1, 2, and 3 wt.%) were obtained by foaming with scCO2 at 25 MPa and 135 °C and impregnated with Ci at 12 MPa and 40 °C. The effect of the C30B content and Ci incorporation on the morphological, structural, thermal, and release properties of the developed foams were investigated. The incorporation of Ci was not influenced by C30B’s addition. The presence of C30B and Ci incorporation reduced the average pore diameter slightly and the crystallinity degree of the foams extensively. Simultaneously, the experimental and theoretical characterization of the Ci release from the PLA nanocomposite foams in EtOH 50% was analyzed. The mechanism of Ci release from the foams was defined as a quasi-Fickian diffusion process that could be successfully described using the Korsmeyer–Peppas model. The active PLA foams presented a higher potential of migration and faster release when compared with that reported in commonly used PLA films, showing that biopolymeric foams could be potentially used as active food packaging to improve the migration of active compounds with low migration potentials in order to improve their biological activity in foods.
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35
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High-pressure density measurements of poly(ethylene glycol) 600 [PEG600] saturated with carbon dioxide with an oscillating device of advanced accuracy. J Supercrit Fluids 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.supflu.2021.105497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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36
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Carvalho VS, Dias ALB, Rodrigues KP, Hatami T, Mei LHI, Martínez J, Viganó J. Supercritical fluid adsorption of natural extracts: Technical, practical, and theoretical aspects. J CO2 UTIL 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcou.2021.101865] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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37
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Fluorescence assisted visualization and destruction of particles embedded thin cell walls in polymeric foams via supercritical foaming. J Supercrit Fluids 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.supflu.2021.105511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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38
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Combined sterilization and fabrication of drug-loaded scaffolds using supercritical CO 2 technology. Int J Pharm 2022; 612:121362. [PMID: 34896562 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2021.121362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2021] [Revised: 12/03/2021] [Accepted: 12/04/2021] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
The access of biodegradable scaffolds to the clinical arena is constrained by the absence of a suitable sterilization technique for the processing of advanced polymeric materials. Sterilization with supercritical CO2 (scCO2) may circumvent some technological limitations (e.g., low temperature, no chemical residues on the material), although scCO2 can plasticize the polymer depending on the processing conditions used. In this latter case, the integration of the manufacturing and sterilization processes is of particular interest to obtain sterile and customized scaffolds in a single step. In this work, scCO2 was exploited as a concomitantly foaming and sterilizing agent for the first time, developing a one-step process for the production of vancomycin-loaded poly(ε-caprolactone) (PCL) bone scaffolds. The effect of the CO2 contact time on the sterility levels of the procedure was investigated, and the sterilization efficiency was evaluated against dry spores (Bacillus stearothermophilus, Bacillus pumilus and Bacillus atrophaeus). Vancomycin-loaded PCL scaffolds had relevant sustained release profiles for the prophylaxis of infections at the grafted area, even those caused by methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA). The biological performance of the scaffolds was evaluated in vitro regarding human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs) attachment and growth. Finally, the biocompatibility and angiogenic response of the manufactured sterile scaffolds was assessed in ovo through chick chorioallantoic membrane (CAM) assays.
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39
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Briand A, Leybros A, Audoin C, Ruiz JC, Lamadie F, Grandjean A. CO2 absorption into a polymer within a multilayer structure: The case of poly(ethylene-co-vinyl acetate) in photovoltaic modules. J Supercrit Fluids 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.supflu.2021.105380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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40
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Polylactide, Processed by a Foaming Method Using Compressed Freon R134a, for Tissue Engineering. Polymers (Basel) 2021; 13:polym13203453. [PMID: 34685212 PMCID: PMC8539307 DOI: 10.3390/polym13203453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2021] [Revised: 09/29/2021] [Accepted: 10/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Fabricating polymeric scaffolds using cost-effective manufacturing processes is still challenging. Gas foaming techniques using supercritical carbon dioxide (scCO2) have attracted attention for producing synthetic polymer matrices; however, the high-pressure requirements are often a technological barrier for its widespread use. Compressed 1,1,1,2-tetrafluoroethane, known as Freon R134a, offers advantages over CO2 in manufacturing processes in terms of lower pressure and temperature conditions and the use of low-cost equipment. Here, we report for the first time the use of Freon R134a for generating porous polymer matrices, specifically polylactide (PLA). PLA scaffolds processed with Freon R134a exhibited larger pore sizes, and total porosity, and appropriate mechanical properties compared with those achieved by scCO2 processing. PLGA scaffolds processed with Freon R134a were highly porous and showed a relatively fragile structure. Human mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) attached to PLA scaffolds processed with Freon R134a, and their metabolic activity increased during culturing. In addition, MSCs displayed spread morphology on the PLA scaffolds processed with Freon R134a, with a well-organized actin cytoskeleton and a dense matrix of fibronectin fibrils. Functionalization of Freon R134a-processed PLA scaffolds with protein nanoparticles, used as bioactive factors, enhanced the scaffolds' cytocompatibility. These findings indicate that gas foaming using compressed Freon R134a could represent a cost-effective and environmentally friendly fabrication technology to produce polymeric scaffolds for tissue engineering approaches.
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41
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Preparation of Microcellular Foams by Supercritical Carbon Dioxide: A Case Study of Thermoplastic Polyurethane 70A. Processes (Basel) 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/pr9091650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study, a case study to produce microcellular foam of a commercial thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU) through the supercritical carbon dioxide (CO2) foaming process is presented. To explore the feasibility of TPU in medical device and biomedical application, a soft TPU with Shore hardness value of 70A was selected as the model compound. The effects of saturation temperature and saturation pressure ranging from 90 to 140 °C and 90 to 110 bar on the expansion ratio, cell size and cell density of the TPU foam were compared and discussed. Regarding the expansion ratio, the effect of saturation temperature was considerable and an intermediate saturation temperature of 100 °C was favorable to produce TPU microcellular foam with a high expansion ratio. On the other hand, the mean pore size and cell density of TPU foam can be efficiently manipulated by adjusting the saturation pressure. A high saturation pressure was beneficial to obtain TPU foam with small mean pore size and high cell density. This case study shows that the expansion ratio of TPU microcellular foam could be designed as high as 4.4. The cell size and cell density could be controlled within 12–40 μm and 5.0 × 107–1.3 × 109 cells/cm3, respectively.
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42
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Preparation of polyethylene terephthalate foams at different saturation temperatures using dual methods of supercritical batch foaming. KOREAN J CHEM ENG 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s11814-021-0889-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
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43
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Li J, Wang H, Zhou H, Jiang J, Wang X, Li Q. Fabrication of Highly Interconnected Poly(ε-caprolactone)/cellulose Nanofiber Composite Foams by Microcellular Foaming and Leaching Processes. ACS OMEGA 2021; 6:22672-22680. [PMID: 34514238 PMCID: PMC8427651 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.1c02768] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2021] [Accepted: 08/12/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
In this study, microcellular polycaprolactone (PCL)/sodium bicarbonate (NaHCO3)/cellulose nanofiber (CNF) composite foams with highly interconnected porous structures were successfully fabricated by microcellular foaming and particle leaching processes. Supercritical CO2 (scCO2) served as a physical foaming agent, NaHCO3 was chosen as a chemical foaming agent and porogen, and CNF acted as a heterogeneous nucleating agent. The effect of scCO2, NaHCO3, and CNF on pore structures and the cofoaming mechanism were investigated. The results indicated that the addition of NaHCO3 and CNF increased the melt strength of the PCL matrix significantly. During the foaming process, the presence of CNF can form a rigid network due to the hydrogen bonding or mechanical entanglement between individual nanofibers, improving the nucleating efficiency but slowing down the cell growth rate. Additionally, due to the interaction of "soft" PCL matrix and "hard" domains in a PCL-based composite during the foaming process, together with the NaHCO3 leaching process, highly interconnected cell structures appeared. The obtained PCL/NaHCO3/CNF composite foams had a cell size of 15.8 μm and cell density of 6.3 × 107 cells/cm3, as well as an open-cell content of 82%. The reported strategy in this paper may provide the guidelines and data supports for the fabrication of a PCL-based porous scaffold.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiawei Li
- School
of Mechanics & Safety Engineering, National Center for International
Joint research of Micro-Nano Molding Technology, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Hongyao Wang
- School
of Mechanics & Safety Engineering, National Center for International
Joint research of Micro-Nano Molding Technology, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Hongfu Zhou
- Beijing
Key Laboratory of Quality Evaluation Technology for Hygiene and Safety
of Plastics, Beijing Technology and Business
University, Beijing 100048, China
| | - Jing Jiang
- School
of Mechanical & Power Engineering, Zhengzhou
University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Xiaofeng Wang
- School
of Mechanics & Safety Engineering, National Center for International
Joint research of Micro-Nano Molding Technology, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Qian Li
- School
of Mechanics & Safety Engineering, National Center for International
Joint research of Micro-Nano Molding Technology, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
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44
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Ozkutlu M, Bayram G, Dilek C. Controlling the foam morphology of supercritical
CO
2
‐processed
poly(methyl methacrylate) with
CO
2
‐philic hybrid nanoparticles. J Appl Polym Sci 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/app.50814] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Merve Ozkutlu
- Department of Chemical Engineering Middle East Technical University Ankara Turkey
| | - Goknur Bayram
- Department of Chemical Engineering Middle East Technical University Ankara Turkey
| | - Cerag Dilek
- Department of Chemical Engineering Middle East Technical University Ankara Turkey
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45
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VLE properties and the critical parameters of ternary mixture of CO2 + toluene/dichloromethane involved in the SEDS precipitation process. J Mol Liq 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molliq.2021.116371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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46
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Jiang J, Li Z, Yang H, Wang X, Li Q, Turng LS. Microcellular injection molding of polymers: a review of process know-how, emerging technologies, and future directions. Curr Opin Chem Eng 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.coche.2021.100694] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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47
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Oluwabunmi KE, Zhao W, D’Souza NA. Carbon Capture Utilization for Biopolymer Foam Manufacture: Thermal, Mechanical and Acoustic Performance of PCL/PHBV CO 2 Foams. Polymers (Basel) 2021; 13:polym13152559. [PMID: 34372162 PMCID: PMC8347200 DOI: 10.3390/polym13152559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2021] [Revised: 07/28/2021] [Accepted: 07/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Biopolymer foams manufactured using CO2 enables a novel intersection for economic, environmental, and ecological impact but limited CO2 solubility remains a challenge. PHBV has low solubility in CO2 while PCL has high CO2 solubility. In this paper, PCL is used to blend into PBHV. Both unfoamed and foamed blends are examined. Foaming the binary blends at two depressurization stages with subcritical CO2 as the blowing agent, produced open-cell and closed-cell foams with varying cellular architecture at different PHBV concentrations. Differential Scanning Calorimetry results showed that PHBV had some solubility in PCL and foams developed a PCL rich, PHBV rich and mixed phase. Scanning Electron Microscopy and pcynometry established cell size and density which reflected benefits of PCL presence. Acoustic performance showed limited benefits from foaming but mechanical performance of foams showed a significant impact from PHBV presence in PCL. Thermal performance reflected that foams were affected by the blend thermal conductivity, but the impact was significantly higher in the foams than in the unfoamed blends. The results provide a pathway to multifunctional performance in foams of high performance biopolymers such as PBHV through harnessing the CO2 miscibility of PCL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kayode E. Oluwabunmi
- Department of Mechanical and Energy Engineering, University of North Texas, Denton, TX 76207, USA; (K.E.O.); (W.Z.)
| | - Weihuan Zhao
- Department of Mechanical and Energy Engineering, University of North Texas, Denton, TX 76207, USA; (K.E.O.); (W.Z.)
| | - Nandika Anne D’Souza
- Department of Mechanical and Energy Engineering, University of North Texas, Denton, TX 76207, USA; (K.E.O.); (W.Z.)
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of North Texas, Denton, TX 76207, USA
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-940-565-2979
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48
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Sarver JA, Sumey JL, Whitfield RM, Kiran E. Confined batch foaming of
semi‐crystalline
rubbery elastomers with carbon dioxide using a mold. J Appl Polym Sci 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/app.50698] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Joseph A. Sarver
- Department of Chemical Engineering Virginia Tech Blacksburg Virginia USA
| | - Jenna L. Sumey
- Department of Chemical Engineering University of Virginia Charlottesville Virginia USA
| | | | - Erdogan Kiran
- Department of Chemical Engineering Virginia Tech Blacksburg Virginia USA
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49
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50
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Wu Y, Zhou X, Li J, Yu K, Wang L, Ma J. Mechanism of Heterogeneous Bubble Nucleation in Polymer Blend Foaming. J Phys Chem B 2021; 125:6709-6716. [PMID: 34121408 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.1c03087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
A three-dimensional heterogeneous bubble nucleation model is constructed to provide a reasonable explanation at the molecular level for the foaming mechanism of polypropylene (PP) and polystyrene (PS) blends. CO2 solubilities and supersaturation rations are quantitatively calculated to help interpret the contribution of each phase of the blend in the CO2 dissolution stage. The spatial density profiles of polymer/CO2 binary melt around different polymer chains are presented to give an intuitive perspective to the thermodynamic driving force. The predicted interfacial tension and contact angles of critical bubbles provide valid evidence to distinguish the wettability of CO2 in different regions. The values of predicted free-energy barriers, critical radii, and nucleation number densities imply that bubbles that nucleate in the PP and PS blend interfacial region attached to the PS-rich phase achieve the smallest size and largest number density. The reliability of the theoretical model has been tested by partial available experimental data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Wu
- College of Science & Technology, Hebei Agricultural University, Huanghua, Hebei 061100, China
| | - Xin Zhou
- College of Science & Technology, Hebei Agricultural University, Huanghua, Hebei 061100, China
| | - Jiantong Li
- College of Science & Technology, Hebei Agricultural University, Huanghua, Hebei 061100, China
| | - Kesong Yu
- School of Materials Science & Engineering, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450002, China
| | - Linyan Wang
- College of Science & Technology, Hebei Agricultural University, Huanghua, Hebei 061100, China
| | - Jingjun Ma
- College of Science & Technology, Hebei Agricultural University, Huanghua, Hebei 061100, China
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