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Abstract
Sepsis, a systemic inflammatory response disease, is the most severe complication of infection and a deadly disease. High mobility group proteins (HMGs) are non-histone nuclear proteins binding nucleosomes and regulate chromosome architecture and gene transcription, which act as a potent pro-inflammatory cytokine involved in the delayed endotoxin lethality and systemic inflammatory response. HMGs increase in serum and tissues during infection, especially in sepsis. A growing number of studies have demonstrated HMGs are not only cytokines which can mediate inflammation, but also potential therapeutic targets in sepsis. To reduce sepsis-related mortality, a better understanding of HMGs is essential. In this review, we described the structure and function of HMGs, summarized the definition, epidemiology and pathophysiology of sepsis, and discussed the HMGs-related mechanisms in sepsis from the perspectives of non-coding RNAs (microRNA, long non-coding RNA, circular RNA), programmed cell death (apoptosis, necroptosis and pyroptosis), drugs and other pathophysiological aspects to provide new targets and ideas for the diagnosis and treatment of sepsis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guibin Liang
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Zhihui He
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
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Do high-mobility group box 1 gene polymorphisms affect the incidence of differentiation syndrome in acute promyelocytic leukemia? Mol Biol Rep 2022; 49:5997-6004. [DOI: 10.1007/s11033-022-07386-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2021] [Revised: 03/14/2022] [Accepted: 03/16/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Sun J, Zhang H, Liu D, Cui L, Wang Q, Gan L, Wen D, Wang J, Du J, Huang H, Zhang A, Deng J, Jiang J, Zeng L. A Functional Variant of CXCL16 Is Associated With Predisposition to Sepsis and MODS in Trauma Patients: Genetic Association Studies. Front Genet 2021; 12:720313. [PMID: 34539750 PMCID: PMC8446271 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2021.720313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2021] [Accepted: 07/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE CXC chemokines are mediators which mediate immune cells migration to sites of inflammation and injury. Chemokine C-X-C motif ligand 16 (CXCL16) plays an important role in the occurrence and development of sepsis through leukocyte chemotaxis, leukocyte adhesion and endotoxin clearance. In this study, we selected a set of tagging single nucleotide polymorphisms (tag SNPs) in the CXCL16 gene and investigated their clinical relevance to the development of sepsis and multiple organ dysfunction syndrome (MODS) in patients with major trauma in three independent Chinese Han populations. METHODS A total of 1,620 major trauma patients were enrolled in this study. Among these patients, 920 came from Chongqing in western China, 350 came from Zhejiang Province in eastern China, and 350 came from Guizhou Province in southwestern China. The improved multiplex ligation detection reaction (iMLDR) method was employed in the genotyping and genetic association analyses to determine the associations between CXCL16 haplotypes and sepsis morbidity rate and higher MOD scores in three cohorts. RESULTS Only CXCL16 T123V181 haplotype was associated with an increased risk for sepsis morbidity and higher MOD scores in the three cohorts (OR = 1.89, P = 0.001 for the Chongqing cohort; OR = 1.76, P = 0.004 for the Zhejiang cohort; OR = 1.55, P = 0.012 for the Guizhou cohort). The effect of T123V181 haplotype on the chemotaxis, migration and endotoxin clearance of immune cells were further observed. Protein modeling analysis showed that T123 and V181 might alter the structure of the CXCL16 active center. Thus it enhanced the chemotaxis and adhesion ability of immunocytes. CONCLUSION We demonstrate the mechanism of CXCL16 T123V181 haplotype which regulates the sepsis morbidity rate and thus provide a new biomarker for early diagnosis of sepsis and MODS. CLINICAL TRIAL REGISTRATION www.ClinicalTrials.gov, identifier NCT01713205 (https://www.clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/results?cond=&term=+NCT01713205&cntry=&state=&city=&dist=).
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianhui Sun
- Department of Trauma Medical Center, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Huacai Zhang
- Department of Trauma Medical Center, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Di Liu
- Department of Trauma Medical Center, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Li Cui
- Department of Trauma Medical Center, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Qiang Wang
- Department of Emergency, The Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China
| | - Lebin Gan
- Department of Trauma Medical Center, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Department of Emergency, The Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China
| | - Dalin Wen
- Department of Trauma Medical Center, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Jun Wang
- Department of Emergency, The Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China
| | - Juan Du
- Department of Trauma Medical Center, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Hong Huang
- Department of Trauma Medical Center, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Anqiang Zhang
- Department of Trauma Medical Center, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Jin Deng
- Department of Emergency, The Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China
| | - Jianxin Jiang
- Department of Trauma Medical Center, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Ling Zeng
- Department of Trauma Medical Center, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
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Hebbel RP, Wei P, Milbauer L, Corban MT, Solovey A, Kiley J, Pattee J, Lerman LO, Pan W, Lerman A. Abnormal Endothelial Gene Expression Associated With Early Coronary Atherosclerosis. J Am Heart Assoc 2020; 9:e016134. [PMID: 32673514 PMCID: PMC7660702 DOI: 10.1161/jaha.120.016134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Background We examined feasibility of a unique approach towards gaining insight into heritable risk for early atherosclerosis: surveying gene expression by endothelial cells from living subjects. Methods and Results Subjects aged <50 years (mean age, 37; range, 22-49) without obstructive coronary artery disease underwent coronary reactivity testing that identified them as having normal or abnormal coronary endothelial function. Cultures of Blood Outgrowth Endothelial Cells (BOEC) from 6 normal and 13 abnormal subjects passed rigorous quality control and were used for microarray assessment of gene expression. Of 9 genes differentially expressed at false discovery rate <0.1%, we here focus upon abnormal subjects having elevated expression of HMGB1 (high mobility group box 1) which we unexpectedly found to be linked to low LAMC1 (laminin gamma 1) expression. This linkage was corroborated by 3 of our past studies and confirmed bio-functionally. Compared with normal BOEC, abnormal BOEC released 13±3-fold more HMGB1 in response to lipopolysaccharide; and they deposited one tenth as much LAMC1 into collagen subendothelial matrix during culture. Clinical follow-up data are provided for 4 normal subjects (followed 13.4±0.1 year) and for 12 abnormal subjects (followed 9.1±4.5 years). Conclusions The known pathogenic effects of high-HMGB1 and low-LAMC1 predict that the combination would biologically converge upon the focal adhesion complex, to the detriment of endothelial shear responsiveness. This gene expression pattern may comprise a heritable risk state that promotes early coronary atherosclerosis. If so, the testing could be applied even in childhood, enabling early intervention. This approach offers a way to bridge the information gap between genetics and clinical phenotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert P Hebbel
- Division of Hematology-Oncology-Transplantation Department of Medicine, and Vascular Biology Center University of Minnesota Medical School Minneapolis MN
| | - Peng Wei
- Division of Hematology-Oncology-Transplantation Department of Medicine, and Vascular Biology Center University of Minnesota Medical School Minneapolis MN.,Division of Biostatistics School of Public Health University of Minnesota Minneapolis MN
| | - Liming Milbauer
- Division of Hematology-Oncology-Transplantation Department of Medicine, and Vascular Biology Center University of Minnesota Medical School Minneapolis MN
| | - Michel T Corban
- Department of Cardiovascular Diseases Mayo Clinic College of Medicine and Science Rochester MN
| | - Anna Solovey
- Division of Hematology-Oncology-Transplantation Department of Medicine, and Vascular Biology Center University of Minnesota Medical School Minneapolis MN
| | - James Kiley
- Division of Hematology-Oncology-Transplantation Department of Medicine, and Vascular Biology Center University of Minnesota Medical School Minneapolis MN
| | - Jack Pattee
- Division of Biostatistics School of Public Health University of Minnesota Minneapolis MN
| | - Lilach O Lerman
- Department of Cardiovascular Diseases Mayo Clinic College of Medicine and Science Rochester MN.,Division of Nephrology and Hypertension Department of Medicine Mayo Clinic College of Medicine and Science Rochester MN
| | - Wei Pan
- Division of Biostatistics School of Public Health University of Minnesota Minneapolis MN
| | - Amir Lerman
- Department of Cardiovascular Diseases Mayo Clinic College of Medicine and Science Rochester MN
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Wu YL, Chien MH, Chou YE, Chang JH, Liu TC, Tsao TCY, Chou MC, Yang SF. Association of EGFR mutations and HMGB1 genetic polymorphisms in lung adenocarcinoma patients. J Cancer 2019; 10:2907-2914. [PMID: 31281467 PMCID: PMC6590032 DOI: 10.7150/jca.31125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2018] [Accepted: 04/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
High-mobility group protein box 1 (HMGB1) is overexpressed and reported to be a prognostic factor in patients with non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) mutants play an important role in NSCLC progression. The aim of this study was to explore potential associations between genetic polymorphisms of HMGB1 and EGFR mutations in a cohort that included 280 patients with NSCLC, some of whom were smokers and others who never smoked. Four tagged single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of HMGB1 were detected by a TaqMan-based real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) in patients. We found that after adjusting for other covariates, NSCLC patients who smoked and who respectively had CG, CT, and TC heterozygotes of HMGB1 rs2249825, rs1045411, and rs1360485, were at lower risk of developing mutant EGFR, compared to those patients with wild-type homozygotes. Moreover, significant inverse associations between the CG and CG + GG genotypes of HMGB1 rs2249825 and the EGFR hotspot mutation, an exon 19 in-frame deletion, were also observed among NSCLC patients. Within patients harboring mutant EGFR, HMGB1 rs1360485 C (TC + CC) allele carriers were at higher risk of developing poorly differentiated cancer types (odds ratio=5.493, 95% confidence interval: 1.130~26.696, p=0.019), compared to patients with TT homozygotes. Furthermore, we found that HMGB1 rs1360485 polymorphisms seemed to be related to susceptibility to developing poorly differentiated cancer linked to tobacco consumption in EGFR mutant patients. In conclusion, our results suggested that HMGB1 variants are significantly inversely associated with EGFR mutations among NSCLC patients who smoked. HMGB1 variants and tobacco consumption might contribute to the pathological development of NSCLC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Liang Wu
- Institute of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan.,School of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan.,Department of Surgery, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Hsien Chien
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Pulmonary Research Center, Wan Fang Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ying-Erh Chou
- School of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan.,Department of Medical Research, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Jer-Hwa Chang
- Pulmonary Research Center, Wan Fang Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Wan Fang Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Tu-Chen Liu
- Institute of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan.,Department of Chest Medicine, Cheng-Ching General Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Thomas Chang-Yao Tsao
- School of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan.,Division of Chest, Department of Internal Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Chih Chou
- Institute of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan.,Department of Surgery, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Shun-Fa Yang
- Institute of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan.,Department of Medical Research, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
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Li Y, Zhu J, Chen L, Hu W, Wang M, Li S, Gu X, Tao H, Zhao B, Ma G, Li K. Genetic predisposition to ischaemic stroke by RAGE and HMGB1 gene variants in Chinese Han population. Oncotarget 2017; 8:100150-100164. [PMID: 29245967 PMCID: PMC5725009 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.22112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2017] [Accepted: 09/20/2017] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Emerging evidence suggests that the multiligand receptor for advanced glycation end products (RAGE) and its ligand high mobility group box 1 protein (HMGB1) contribute to the pathophysiology of ischaemic stroke (IS). The present study aimed to investigate the association of RAGE and HMGB1 variants with the risk of IS. A total of 1,034 patients and 1,015 age- and sex-matched healthy controls were genotyped to detect five genetic variants of the RAGE gene and four genetic variants of the HMGB1 gene using the Multiplex SNaPshot assay. We found that the rs2070600 variant of RAGE was associated with an increased risk of IS (OR = 1.19, 95% CI: 1.02-1.38, P = 0.043), whereas the rs2249825 variant of HMGB1 was associated with a decreased risk of IS (OR = 0.83, 95% CI: 0.71-0.98, P = 0.041). Further stratification by IS subtypes revealed that the presence of the TT genotype of the RAGE rs2070600 variant confers a higher risk of the large artery atherosclerosis subtype of IS (P = 0.036). Moreover, patients with the variant T allele of the RAGE rs2070600 variant presented with reduced serum soluble RAGE production. Patients carrying the variant G allele of the HMGB1 rs2249825 variant exhibited significantly lower infarct volumes than those with the major CC genotype. These clues may help in the development of optimal personalized therapeutic approaches for IS patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- You Li
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Age-Related Cardiac and Cerebral Diseases, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang 524001, China.,Institute of Neurology, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, Guangdong 524001, China
| | - Jing Zhu
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang 524001, China
| | - Linfa Chen
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang 524001, China
| | - Weidong Hu
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang 524001, China
| | - Mengxu Wang
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang 524001, China
| | - Shengnan Li
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Age-Related Cardiac and Cerebral Diseases, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang 524001, China
| | - Xuefeng Gu
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Age-Related Cardiac and Cerebral Diseases, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang 524001, China
| | - Hua Tao
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Age-Related Cardiac and Cerebral Diseases, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang 524001, China
| | - Bin Zhao
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Age-Related Cardiac and Cerebral Diseases, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang 524001, China
| | - Guoda Ma
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Age-Related Cardiac and Cerebral Diseases, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang 524001, China
| | - Keshen Li
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Age-Related Cardiac and Cerebral Diseases, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang 524001, China.,Institute of Neurology, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, Guangdong 524001, China
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Wang JX, Yu HL, Bei SS, Cui ZH, Li ZW, Liu ZJ, Lv YF. Association of HMGB1 Gene Polymorphisms with Risk of Colorectal Cancer in a Chinese Population. Med Sci Monit 2016; 22:3419-3425. [PMID: 27665685 PMCID: PMC5040220 DOI: 10.12659/msm.896693] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the leading causes of cancer-related deaths worldwide. More advanced work is required in the detection of biomarkers for CRC susceptibility and prognosis. High-mobility group box-1 (HMGB1) is an angiogenesis-related gene reported to be associated with the development of CRC. The direct evidence of HMGB1 gene polymorphisms as biomarkers for CRC has not been reported previously. Material/Methods A total of 240 CRC patients and 480 healthy controls were periodically enrolled. DNA was extracted from blood specimens. The distributions of SNPs of HMGB1 were determined by using the polymerase chain reaction restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) assay. Results In this case-control study, we observed a significant association between overall CRC risk and SNP rs2249825 (CG vs. CC and GG vs. CC). Participants carrying both rs2249825 CG (OR, 2.67; 95% CI, 1.89 to 3.78) and rs2249825 GG genotypes (OR, 2.32; 95% CI, 1.13 to 4.73) had a significantly increased risk of developing CRC compared to those carrying GG genotype. rs2249825 was associated with the risk of CRC in the dominant model but not in the recessive model. However, we found no significant differences in the rs1412125 or rs1045411 polymorphisms in the HMGB1. Advanced analyses showed that the number of rs2249825 G alleles showed a significant relationship with risk of CRC. Conclusions Our results show an association between HMGB1 rs2249825 SNP and CRC incidence in the Chinese Han population. However, population-based studies with more subjects and prognostic effects are needed to verify the association of HMGB1 SNPs with CRC susceptibility, severity, and long-term prognosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian-Xin Wang
- Department of Anoproctology, The Second Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China (mainland)
| | - Hua-Long Yu
- Department of Anoproctology, The Second Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China (mainland)
| | - Shao-Sheng Bei
- Department of Anoproctology, The Second Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China (mainland)
| | - Zhen-Hua Cui
- Department of Anoproctology, The Second Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China (mainland)
| | - Zhi-Wen Li
- Department of Anoproctology, The Second Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China (mainland)
| | - Zhen-Ji Liu
- Department of Anoproctology, The Second Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China (mainland)
| | - Yan-Feng Lv
- Department of Anoproctology, The Second Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China (mainland)
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Lee K, Chang Y, Song K, Park YY, Huh JW, Hong SB, Lim CM, Koh Y. Associations between Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms of High Mobility Group Box 1 Protein and Clinical Outcomes in Korean Sepsis Patients. Yonsei Med J 2016; 57:111-7. [PMID: 26632390 PMCID: PMC4696941 DOI: 10.3349/ymj.2016.57.1.111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2014] [Revised: 02/16/2015] [Accepted: 03/18/2015] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE High mobility group box 1 (HMGB1) plays a central role in the pathogenesis of sepsis and multiple organ dysfunction syndromes. We investigated the associations of a single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP; rs1045411) in HMGB1 with various clinical parameters, severity, and prognosis in patients with sepsis, severe sepsis, or septic shock. MATERIALS AND METHODS We enrolled 212 adult patients followed for 28 days. All patients were genotyped for rs1045411, and the serum levels of HMGB1 and several cytokines were measured. RESULTS The proportions of patients according to genotype were GG (71.2%), GA (26.4%), and AA (2.4%). Among patients with chronic lung disease comorbidity, patients with a variant A allele had higher positive blood culture rates and higher levels of various cytokines [interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-6, IL-10, IL-17, and tumor necrosis factor-α] than those with the GG genotype. In the analysis of those with diabetes as a comorbidity, patients with a variant A allele had higher blood culture and Gram-negative culture rates than those with GG genotypes; these patients also had a higher levels of IL-17. In the analysis of those with sepsis caused by a respiratory tract infection, patients with a variant A allele had higher levels of IL-10 and IL-17 (all p<0.05). This polymorphism had no significant impact on patient survival. CONCLUSION The variant A allele of rs1045411 appears to be associated with a more severe inflammatory response than the GG genotype under specific conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kwangha Lee
- Department of Internal Medicine, Pusan National University School of Medicine, Busan, Korea
| | - Youjin Chang
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Korea
| | - Kyuyoung Song
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Yun Young Park
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jin Won Huh
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Sang Bum Hong
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Chae Man Lim
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Younsuck Koh
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.
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Kang JW, Kim SJ, Cho HI, Lee SM. DAMPs activating innate immune responses in sepsis. Ageing Res Rev 2015; 24:54-65. [PMID: 25816752 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2015.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2014] [Revised: 03/09/2015] [Accepted: 03/13/2015] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Sepsis refers to the deleterious and non-resolving systemic inflammatory response of the host to microbial infection and is the leading cause of death in intensive care units. The pathogenesis of sepsis is highly complex. It is principally attributable to dysregulation of the innate immune system. Damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs) are actively secreted by innate immune cells and/or released passively by injured or damaged cells in response to infection or injury. In the present review, we highlight emerging evidence that supports the notion that extracellular DAMPs act as crucial proinflammatory danger signals. Furthermore, we discuss the potential of a wide array of DAMPs as therapeutic targets in sepsis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jung-Woo Kang
- School of Pharmacy, Sungkyunkwan University, Seobu-ro 2066, Jangan-gu, Suwon, Gyeonggi-do, 440-746 South Korea
| | - So-Jin Kim
- School of Pharmacy, Sungkyunkwan University, Seobu-ro 2066, Jangan-gu, Suwon, Gyeonggi-do, 440-746 South Korea
| | - Hong-Ik Cho
- School of Pharmacy, Sungkyunkwan University, Seobu-ro 2066, Jangan-gu, Suwon, Gyeonggi-do, 440-746 South Korea
| | - Sun-Mee Lee
- School of Pharmacy, Sungkyunkwan University, Seobu-ro 2066, Jangan-gu, Suwon, Gyeonggi-do, 440-746 South Korea.
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Bronkhorst MWGA, Patka P, Lieshout EMMV. Multiple Infectious Complications in a Severely Injured Patient with Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms in Important Innate Immune Response Genes. Open Orthop J 2015; 9:367-71. [PMID: 26312121 PMCID: PMC4541467 DOI: 10.2174/1874325001509010367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2015] [Revised: 04/26/2015] [Accepted: 05/18/2015] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Trauma is a major public health problem worldwide. Infectious complications, sepsis, and multiple organ
dysfunction syndrome (MODS) remain important causes for morbidity and mortality in patients who survive the initial
trauma. There is increasing evidence for the role of genetic variation in the innate immune system on infectious
complications in severe trauma patients. We describe a trauma patient with multiple infectious complications caused by
multiple micro-organisms leading to prolonged hospital stay with numerous treatments. This patient had multiple single
nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the MBL2, MASP2, FCN2 and TLR2 genes, most likely contributing to increased
susceptibility and severity of infectious disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maarten W G A Bronkhorst
- Trauma Research Unit Department of Surgery, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Peter Patka
- Department of Accident & Emergency, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Esther M M Van Lieshout
- Trauma Research Unit Department of Surgery, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
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Qu C, Wang XW, Huang C, Qiu F, Xiang XY, Lu ZQ. High mobility group box 1 gene polymorphism is associated with the risk of postoperative atrial fibrillation after coronary artery bypass surgery. J Cardiothorac Surg 2015; 10:88. [PMID: 26109393 PMCID: PMC4480995 DOI: 10.1186/s13019-015-0301-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2014] [Accepted: 06/19/2015] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The inflammatory response triggered by cardiac surgery with cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) is a primary cause of postoperative atrial fibrillation (POAF). The objective of this study was to determine the relationships between rs2249825 (C/G) polymorphism in high-mobility group box protein 1 (HMGB1) and POAF in patients who underwent coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) under CPB. Methods A prospective cohort study was carried out between February 2011 and January 2014. Patients who had no history of atrial fibrillation undergoing CABG with CPB were recruited in this study, and were matched based on preoperative characteristics. Blood samples were obtained before, and at 4, and 24 h after CPB. HMGB1 level was measured by enzyme immunoassay. Patients were genotyped for single nucleotide polymorphisms of HMGB1 (rs2249825). Patients were genotyped for single nucleotide polymorphisms of HMGB1 (rs2249825) using pyrosequencing method. The primary clinical end point was the incidence of POAF after surgery. Results After matching, a total of 128 patients undergoing elective CABG with CPB were eligible for analysis. Plasma HMGB1 concentrations were increased 4 h after CPB (p <0.0001) and were still increased at 24 h (p <0.0001). The frequencies of CC, CG, GG genotypes were 21 (56.8 %), 29 (37.8 %), and 2 (5.4 %) in patients with POAF and 81.3, 16.5, and 2.2 % in patients without POAF (p = 0.016). CG + GG genotype was associated with high HMGB1 levels compared with the genotype CC at 4 h (p = 0.023), and 24 h (p = 0.015) after CPB. Multivariate analysis showed that age older than 60 years (OR = 1.40; 95 % CI: 1.03 to 1.89; p = 0.021) and allele G of polymorphisms (OR = 1.61; 95 % CI: 1.08 to 2.04; p = 0.034) were independent risk factors for POAF. Conclusions The HMGB1 rs2249825 was associated with the susceptibility to POAF after CABG with CPB in a Chinese Han population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Can Qu
- Department of Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, People's Republic of China.
| | - Xiao-Wen Wang
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai, 200233, People's Republic of China. .,Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Yuanjiagang, Chongqing, 400016, People's Republic of China.
| | - Chun Huang
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Yuanjiagang, Chongqing, 400016, People's Republic of China.
| | - Feng Qiu
- Department of Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, People's Republic of China.
| | - Xiao-Yong Xiang
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Yuanjiagang, Chongqing, 400016, People's Republic of China.
| | - Zhi-Qian Lu
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai, 200233, People's Republic of China.
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High mobility group box 1 protein polymorphism affects susceptibility to recurrent pregnancy loss by up-regulating gene expression in chorionic villi. J Assist Reprod Genet 2015; 32:1123-8. [PMID: 25956264 DOI: 10.1007/s10815-015-0493-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2015] [Accepted: 04/27/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Inflammation in chorionic villi is involved in the development of recurrent pregnancy loss (RPL). High mobility group box 1 protein (HMGB1) plays critical roles in inflammation and expression of the protein can be found in chorionic villi. The purpose of the study was to investigate the association between HMGB1 genetic polymorphisms and susceptibility to RPL and to examine the mechanism underlying this correlation. METHODS Two HMGB1 polymorphisms, rs2249825C/G and rs1412125T/C, were examined in 112 RPL patients and 118 healthy controls by the polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism assay. RESULTS Percentage of rs2249825GG was significantly increased in patients than in controls (Odd ratio [OR] =2.33, 95 % confidence interval [CI]: 1.18-4.58, P = 0.013). Also, prevalence of rs2249825G allele was significantly higher in RPL cases (OR = 1.77, 95 % CI: 1.20-2.62, P = 0.004). Function analysis of rs2249825C/G revealed that the polymorphism did not affect serum level of HMGB1. Interestingly, we found significantly increased level of HMGB1 in chorionic villi from RPL patients. Moreover, patients with rs2249825GG genotype presented significantly elevated level of HMGB1 in chorionic villi compared to those with CG or CC genotypes. CONCLUSIONS These results suggest that HMGB1 rs2249825C/G polymorphism is associated with increased risk of RPL and can elevate gene expression in chorionic villi.
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13
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Supic G, Kozomara R, Zeljic K, Stanimirovic D, Magic M, Surbatovic M, Jovic N, Magic Z. HMGB1 genetic polymorphisms in oral squamous cell carcinoma and oral lichen planus patients. Oral Dis 2015; 21:536-43. [PMID: 25639284 DOI: 10.1111/odi.12318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2014] [Accepted: 01/16/2015] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This study examined the single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in high-mobility group box 1 (HMGB1) gene in patients with oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) and oral lichen planus (OLP). MATERIALS AND METHODS The study was conducted on 93 patients with OSCC, 53 patients with OLP, and 100 controls, all Caucasians of the same ethnicity, matched by age. HMGB1 genotypes for 4 SNPs, 2262G/A (rs1045411), 1177G/C (rs3742305), 3814C/G (rs2249825), and rs4540927, were assessed using TaqMan SNP Genotyping Assays, Applied Biosystems. RESULTS The HMGB1 1177GG genotype was associated with lymph-node metastasis and tumor stage in OSCCs (P = 0.016 and P = 0.030, respectively). Genotype 1177GG resulted in poorer recurrence-free survival (RFS), P = 0.000. The 1177G/C polymorphism was an independent predictor of RFS compared to GG genotype, P = 0.001. The three polymorphisms were in linkage disequilibrium (LD). The AGC and GGC haplotypes were associated with an increased oral cancer risk, determined over the haplotype odds ratios (HOR = 13.316, P = 0.015, and HOR = 5.769, P = 0.029, respectively). The AGC haplotype was related to erosive OLP progression to OSCC (HOR = 12.179, P = 0.001). CONCLUSIONS HMGB1 polymorphism 1177G/C could be associated with tumor progression and recurrence-free survival in patients with OSCC. The haplotypes of HMGB1 gene might be associated with susceptibility to OSCC and OLP progression to OSCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Supic
- Faculty of Medicine, Military Medical Academy, University of Defense, Belgrade, Serbia; Institute for Medical Research, Military Medical Academy, Belgrade, Serbia
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Wang Y, Li XP, Yin JY, Zhang Y, He H, Qian CY, Chen J, Zheng Y, Smieszkol K, Fu YL, Chen ZY, Zhou HH, Liu ZQ. Association of HMGB1 and HMGB2 genetic polymorphisms with lung cancer chemotherapy response. Clin Exp Pharmacol Physiol 2015; 41:408-15. [PMID: 24684392 DOI: 10.1111/1440-1681.12232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2013] [Revised: 03/17/2014] [Accepted: 03/18/2014] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to investigate the association of genetic polymorphisms in high mobility group box 1 and 2 (HMGB1 and HMGB2, respectively) with platinum-based chemotherapy responses in Chinese lung cancer patients. In total, 338 Chinese lung cancer patients (154 responders and 184 non-responders) were recruited to the study. All patients received at least two cycles of first-line platinum-based chemotherapy. Three tagging single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of HMGB1 and two tagging SNPs of HMGB2 were detected in patients. We found that rs1412125 and rs2249825 of HMGB1 were significantly associated with the platinum-based chemotherapy response in both recessive and genotypic models. In addition, rs1412125 showed significant association with platinum-based chemotherapy response for the subgroup of patients aged >55 years in additive, recessive and genotypic models. No significant associations were detected between other SNPs and the platinum-based chemotherapy response. The HMGB1 SNPs (rs1412125 and rs2249825) were associated with platinum-based chemotherapy responses in Chinese lung cancer patients. In conclusion, HMGB1 SNPs may serve as potential biomarkers for predicting the efficacy of platinum-based chemotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Wang
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China; Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Hunan Key Laboratory of Pharmacogenetics, Central South University, Changsha, China
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15
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Kang R, Chen R, Zhang Q, Hou W, Wu S, Cao L, Huang J, Yu Y, Fan XG, Yan Z, Sun X, Wang H, Wang Q, Tsung A, Billiar TR, Zeh HJ, Lotze MT, Tang D. HMGB1 in health and disease. Mol Aspects Med 2014; 40:1-116. [PMID: 25010388 PMCID: PMC4254084 DOI: 10.1016/j.mam.2014.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 693] [Impact Index Per Article: 69.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2014] [Accepted: 05/05/2014] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Complex genetic and physiological variations as well as environmental factors that drive emergence of chromosomal instability, development of unscheduled cell death, skewed differentiation, and altered metabolism are central to the pathogenesis of human diseases and disorders. Understanding the molecular bases for these processes is important for the development of new diagnostic biomarkers, and for identifying new therapeutic targets. In 1973, a group of non-histone nuclear proteins with high electrophoretic mobility was discovered and termed high-mobility group (HMG) proteins. The HMG proteins include three superfamilies termed HMGB, HMGN, and HMGA. High-mobility group box 1 (HMGB1), the most abundant and well-studied HMG protein, senses and coordinates the cellular stress response and plays a critical role not only inside of the cell as a DNA chaperone, chromosome guardian, autophagy sustainer, and protector from apoptotic cell death, but also outside the cell as the prototypic damage associated molecular pattern molecule (DAMP). This DAMP, in conjunction with other factors, thus has cytokine, chemokine, and growth factor activity, orchestrating the inflammatory and immune response. All of these characteristics make HMGB1 a critical molecular target in multiple human diseases including infectious diseases, ischemia, immune disorders, neurodegenerative diseases, metabolic disorders, and cancer. Indeed, a number of emergent strategies have been used to inhibit HMGB1 expression, release, and activity in vitro and in vivo. These include antibodies, peptide inhibitors, RNAi, anti-coagulants, endogenous hormones, various chemical compounds, HMGB1-receptor and signaling pathway inhibition, artificial DNAs, physical strategies including vagus nerve stimulation and other surgical approaches. Future work further investigating the details of HMGB1 localization, structure, post-translational modification, and identification of additional partners will undoubtedly uncover additional secrets regarding HMGB1's multiple functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Kang
- Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, USA.
| | - Ruochan Chen
- Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, USA
| | - Qiuhong Zhang
- Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, USA
| | - Wen Hou
- Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, USA
| | - Sha Wu
- Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, USA
| | - Lizhi Cao
- Department of Pediatrics, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410008, China
| | - Jin Huang
- Department of Oncology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410008, China
| | - Yan Yu
- Department of Pediatrics, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410008, China
| | - Xue-Gong Fan
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410008, China
| | - Zhengwen Yan
- Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, USA; Department of Neurology, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510120, China
| | - Xiaofang Sun
- Key Laboratory for Major Obstetric Diseases of Guangdong Province, Key Laboratory of Reproduction and Genetics of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, Experimental Department of Institute of Gynecology and Obstetrics, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510510, China
| | - Haichao Wang
- Laboratory of Emergency Medicine, The Feinstein Institute for Medical Research, Manhasset, NY 11030, USA
| | - Qingde Wang
- Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, USA
| | - Allan Tsung
- Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, USA
| | - Timothy R Billiar
- Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, USA
| | - Herbert J Zeh
- Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, USA
| | - Michael T Lotze
- Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, USA
| | - Daolin Tang
- Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, USA.
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Yao Y, Guo D, Yang S, Jin Y, He L, Chen J, Zhao X, Chen Y, Zhou W, Shen C. HMGB1 gene polymorphism is associated with hypertension in Han Chinese population. Clin Exp Hypertens 2014; 37:166-71. [PMID: 25050807 DOI: 10.3109/10641963.2014.933963] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND High-mobility group box 1 protein (HMGB1) acts as a proinflammatory cytokine by activating pattern recognition receptors (PRRs), including Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) and the receptor of AGE (AGER) with oxidative injury. Animal study proved that HMGB1 contributed to the pathogenesis of experimental pulmonary hypertension (HT) via activation of TLR4. The aim of this study is to test whether HMGB1 harbor genetic susceptibility to HT in a Chinese population. METHODS A case-control study comprising 2012 HT cases and 2210 controls was used to evaluate the association of three tagging single nucleotide polymorphism (tagSNPs) in HMGB1 gene with HT and blood pressure. Logistic regression model was used to adjust confounding factor for HT and general linear model (GLM) was applied to compare blood pressure levels between genotypes in cases and controls. RESULTS Single locus analysis showed that there was no statistical association of three tagSNPs with HT after adjustment for the covariates. Further stratification analysis found that rs2249825 was significantly associated with HT in ≥55 years groups, ORs (95% CI) of additive model and dominant model were 1.208 (1.029-1.417) and 1.212 (1.020-1.441), and p values were 0.021 and 0.029, respectively. Quantitative trait analysis indicated that DBP had a linear decrease with the variations of rs2249825 in both untreated HT group (p=0.002) and control group (p=0.034) respectively. CONCLUSIONS Our finding suggests that rs2249825 of HMGB1 genetic polymorphisms are significantly associated with HT and diastolic blood pressure, and the genetic effect on HT is modulated by age.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingshui Yao
- School of Public Health, Wannan Medical College , Wuhu , China
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Plasma levels of high mobility group box 1 increase in patients with posttraumatic stress disorder after severe blunt chest trauma: a prospective cohort study. J Surg Res 2014; 193:308-15. [PMID: 25016440 DOI: 10.1016/j.jss.2014.06.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2014] [Revised: 05/03/2014] [Accepted: 06/09/2014] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND High-mobility group box 1 (HMGB1), a key late mediator of systemic inflammation, is a potentially useful biomarker for predicting outcome in patients with severe blunt chest trauma. The purpose of this study was to define the relationship between plasma levels of HMGB1 and posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) in patients with severe blunt chest trauma. METHODS All patients with severe blunt chest trauma (abbreviated injury score ≥3) who were admitted to traumatic surgery department and ultimately survived to follow-up at 6 mo were eligible for the study. HMGB1 was sampled every other day from day 1-day 7 after admission, and plasma concentrations of HMGB1 were measured by a quantitative enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay test. Multivariate regression analysis was used to define the independent contribution of possible risk factors selected by univariate analysis. RESULTS PTSD was identified in 43 patients including acute PTSD (n = 21), chronic PTSD (n = 18), and delayed-onset PTSD (n = 4) after 6-mo follow-up, in whom significant higher plasma levels of HMGB1 on days three, five, and seven after blunt chest trauma were noted compared with those seen in patients without PTSD (n = 10). Multivariate logistic analysis showed that transfusion, injury severity score, and HMGB1 levels at day 7 were the valuable risk factors for PTSD. CONCLUSIONS In blunt chest trauma, plasma HMGB1 levels were significantly higher in patients with PTSD compared with patients with non-PTSD. Our data indicate that patients with high plasma levels of HMGB1 may be more prone to develop PTSD including acute and chronic PTSD.
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Deng CQ, Deng GH, Wang YM. HMGB1 gene polymorphisms in patients with chronic hepatitis B virus infection. World J Gastroenterol 2013; 19:5144-5149. [PMID: 23964150 PMCID: PMC3746388 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v19.i31.5144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2013] [Revised: 03/28/2013] [Accepted: 07/19/2013] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM: To characterize high mobility group box chromosomal protein 1 (HMGB1) polymorphisms in patients infected with hepatitis B virus (HBV) and determine the different patterns in patient subgroups.
METHODS: A total of 1495 unrelated Han Chinese HBV carriers were recruited in this hospital-based case-control study. The HMGB1 1176 G/C polymorphism was genotyped by polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism assay.
RESULTS: A significant association was observed between HMGB1 1176 G/C polymorphism and outcome of HBV infection. The subjects bearing 1176G/G genotype had an increased risk of susceptibility to chronic hepatitis B, liver cirrhosis and severe hepatitis B when compared with those bearing at least one 1176C allele.
CONCLUSION: Patients with 1176G/G genotype of HMGB1 gene are more likely to have a progressive status in HBV infection.
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Asavarut P, Zhao H, Gu J, Ma D. The role of HMGB1 in inflammation-mediated organ injury. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013; 51:28-33. [PMID: 23711603 DOI: 10.1016/j.aat.2013.03.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2012] [Revised: 10/29/2012] [Accepted: 11/01/2012] [Indexed: 02/09/2023]
Abstract
HMGB1 is a chromosome-binding protein that also acts as a damage-associated molecular pattern molecule. It has potent proinflammatory effects and is one of key mediators of organ injury. Evidence from research has revealed its involvement in the signaling mechanisms of Toll-like receptors and the receptor for advanced glycation end-products in organ injury. HMGB1-mediated organ injuries are acute damage including ischemic, mechanical, allograft rejection and toxicity, and chronic diseases of the heart, kidneys, lungs, and brain. Strategies against HMGB1 and its associated cellular signal pathways need to be developed and may have preventive and therapeutic potentials in organ injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paladd Asavarut
- Section of Anaesthetics, Pain Medicine & Intensive Care, Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London, Chelsea and Westminster Hospital, London, UK
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