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Alaidaroos OA, Almuhaydib MN, Alhossan MA, Aldossari AN, Fallatta MO, Alotaibi SM, Alowid FK, Salem AA, Alsaygh KA, Alshammary HS. Unexpected Benefits of Coronavirus Disease 2019: Impact of Coronavirus Disease 2019 Pandemic on Surgical Site Infection: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Surg Infect (Larchmt) 2023; 24:119-130. [PMID: 36847343 DOI: 10.1089/sur.2022.312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: We aimed to summarize and synthesize the current evidence regarding the indirect impact of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic and its associated measures on the surgical site infection (SSI) rate compared with the pre-pandemic period. Methods: A computerized search was conducted on MEDLINE via PubMed, Web of Science, and Scopus using the relevant keywords. Two-stage screening and data extraction were done. The National Institutes of Health (NIH) tools were used for the quality assessment. The Review Manager 5.4.1 program was used for the analysis. Results: Sixteen articles (n = 157,426 patients) were included. The COVID-19 pandemic and lockdown were associated with reduced risk of SSIs after surgery (odds ratio [OR], 0.65; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.56-0.75; p < 0.00001) and (OR, 0.49; 95% CI, 0.29-0.84; p = 0.009), respectively. There was no significant reduction in the SSIs rate after applying the extended use of masks (OR, 0.73; 95% CI, 0.30-1.73; p = 0.47). A reduction in the superficial SSI rate during the COVID-19 pandemic compared with the pre-COVID-19 pandemic period was observed (OR, 0.58; 95% CI, 0.45-0.75; p < 0.0001). Conclusions: The current evidence suggests that the COVID-19 pandemic may have some unexpected benefits, including improved infection control protocols, which resulted in reduced SSI rates, especially superficial SSIs. In contrast to extended mask use, the lockdown was associated with reduced rates of SSIs.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Mashari Ahmed Alhossan
- College of Medicine, King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdulkarem Naif Aldossari
- College of Medicine, Najran University, Najran, Saudi Arabia.,Emergency Department, King Khalid Hospital, Najran, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mawadda Omar Fallatta
- College of Medicine, Umm Al Qura University, Makkah, Saudi Arabia.,General Surgery Department, Althaghr Hospital, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Fay Khalid Alowid
- College of Medicine, King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
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Ostrowski P, Masiuk H, Kulig P, Skoryk A, Wcisłek A, Jursa-Kulesza J, Sarna A, Sławiński M, Kotowski M, Tejchman K, Kotfis K, Sieńko J. Medical Face Masks Do Not Affect Acid-Base Balance Yet Might Facilitate the Transmission of Staphylococcus aureus in Hospital Settings during the COVID-19 Pandemic. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2023; 20:2474. [PMID: 36767840 PMCID: PMC9915457 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph20032474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2022] [Revised: 01/17/2023] [Accepted: 01/24/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Due to the SARS-CoV-2 coronavirus pandemic, the wearing of masks has become a common phenomenon. Most of the undesirable effects of using a protective face covering are usually related to the prolonged time of its wearing, and the adverse consequences of face coverings should be considered two-fold. The aim of the study was to evaluate the rate of contamination of the three types of face coverings (surgical, N95, and FFP2 masks) with the microorganism-aerobic bacteria, yeasts, and molds-after the 3 h exposure time. The study aimed to investigate the effects of wearing FFP2 masks (KN95) on respiratory function and the acid-base balance of the human body. RESULTS The presence of S. aureus was confirmed in both nasal carriers and non-carriers which may demonstrate the cross-contamination and spread of this bacterium via hands. S. aureus was found on external and internal surfaces of face masks of each type, and therefore could also be transmitted via hands from external sources. The 3 h exposure time is not sufficient for Gram-negative rods and mold contamination. Moreover, there were no significant differences in most of the parameters studied between the first and second examinations, both in spirometry and capillary blood gas analysis (p > 0.05).
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Affiliation(s)
- Piotr Ostrowski
- Department of General Surgery and Transplantation, Pomeranian Medical University, 70-111 Szczecin, Poland
| | - Helena Masiuk
- Independent Laboratory of Medical Microbiology, Pomeranian Medical University, 70-111 Szczecin, Poland
| | - Piotr Kulig
- Department of General Pathology, Pomeranian Medical University, 70-111 Szczecin, Poland
| | - Anastasiia Skoryk
- Department of General Surgery and Transplantation, Pomeranian Medical University, 70-111 Szczecin, Poland
| | - Aleksandra Wcisłek
- Independent Laboratory of Medical Microbiology, Pomeranian Medical University, 70-111 Szczecin, Poland
| | - Joanna Jursa-Kulesza
- Independent Laboratory of Medical Microbiology, Pomeranian Medical University, 70-111 Szczecin, Poland
| | - Angela Sarna
- Department of Laboratory Diagnostics, Public Clinical Hospital No. 2, 70-111 Szczecin, Poland
| | - Michał Sławiński
- Department of Laboratory Diagnostics, Public Clinical Hospital No. 2, 70-111 Szczecin, Poland
| | - Maciej Kotowski
- Department of General Surgery and Transplantation, Pomeranian Medical University, 70-111 Szczecin, Poland
| | - Karol Tejchman
- Department of General Surgery and Transplantation, Pomeranian Medical University, 70-111 Szczecin, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Kotfis
- Department of Anesthesiology, Intensive Therapy and Acute Intoxications, Pomeranian Medical University, 70-111 Szczecin, Poland
| | - Jerzy Sieńko
- Department of General Surgery and Transplantation, Pomeranian Medical University, 70-111 Szczecin, Poland
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Oakley CT, Sybert M, Arraut J, Bosco J, Schwarzkopf R, Slover JD. Impact of Coronavirus Disease-2019 Protocols on Primary and Revision Total Knee Arthroplasty. Surg Infect (Larchmt) 2022; 23:841-847. [DOI: 10.1089/sur.2022.140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Christian T. Oakley
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, NYU Langone Health, New York, New York, USA
| | - Michael Sybert
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, NYU Langone Health, New York, New York, USA
| | - Jerry Arraut
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, NYU Langone Health, New York, New York, USA
| | - Joseph Bosco
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, NYU Langone Health, New York, New York, USA
| | - Ran Schwarzkopf
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, NYU Langone Health, New York, New York, USA
| | - James D. Slover
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, NYU Langone Health, New York, New York, USA
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Fraser JA, Briggs KB, Svetanoff WJ, Rentea RM, Aguayo P, Juang D, Fraser JD, Snyder CL, Hendrickson RJ, St. Peter SD, Oyetunji TA. Behind the mask: extended use of surgical masks is not associated with increased risk of surgical site infection. Pediatr Surg Int 2022; 38:325-330. [PMID: 34665318 PMCID: PMC8524207 DOI: 10.1007/s00383-021-05032-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE COVID-19 has prompted significant policy change, with critical attention to the conservation of personal protective equipment (PPE). An extended surgical mask use policy was implemented at our institution, allowing use of one disposable mask per each individual, per day, for all the cases. We investigate the clinical impact of this policy change and its effect on the rate of 30-day surgical site infection (SSI). METHODS A single-institution retrospective review was performed for all the elective pediatric general surgery cases performed pre-COVID from August 2019 to October 2019 and under the extended mask use policy from August 2020 to October 2020. Procedure type, SSI within 30 days, and postoperative interventions were recorded. RESULTS Four hundred and eighty-eight cases were reviewed: 240 in the pre-COVID-19 cohort and 248 in the extended surgical mask use cohort. Three SSIs were identified in the 2019 cohort, and two in the 2020 cohort. All postoperative infections were superficial and resolved within 1 month of diagnosis with oral antibiotics. There were no deep space infections, readmissions, or infections requiring re-operation. CONCLUSION Extended surgical mask use was not associated with increased SSI in this series of pediatric general surgery cases and may be considered an effective and safe strategy for resource conservation with minimal clinical impact.
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Affiliation(s)
- James A. Fraser
- Department of Surgery, Children’s Mercy Kansas City, 2401 Gillham Road, Kansas City, MO 64108 USA
| | - Kayla B. Briggs
- Department of Surgery, Children’s Mercy Kansas City, 2401 Gillham Road, Kansas City, MO 64108 USA
| | - Wendy Jo Svetanoff
- Department of Surgery, Children’s Mercy Kansas City, 2401 Gillham Road, Kansas City, MO 64108 USA
| | - Rebecca M. Rentea
- Department of Surgery, Children’s Mercy Kansas City, 2401 Gillham Road, Kansas City, MO 64108 USA ,University of Missouri-Kansas City School of Medicine, Kansas City, MO USA
| | - Pablo Aguayo
- Department of Surgery, Children’s Mercy Kansas City, 2401 Gillham Road, Kansas City, MO 64108 USA ,University of Missouri-Kansas City School of Medicine, Kansas City, MO USA
| | - David Juang
- Department of Surgery, Children’s Mercy Kansas City, 2401 Gillham Road, Kansas City, MO 64108 USA ,University of Missouri-Kansas City School of Medicine, Kansas City, MO USA
| | - Jason D. Fraser
- Department of Surgery, Children’s Mercy Kansas City, 2401 Gillham Road, Kansas City, MO 64108 USA ,University of Missouri-Kansas City School of Medicine, Kansas City, MO USA
| | - Charles L. Snyder
- Department of Surgery, Children’s Mercy Kansas City, 2401 Gillham Road, Kansas City, MO 64108 USA ,University of Missouri-Kansas City School of Medicine, Kansas City, MO USA
| | - Richard J. Hendrickson
- Department of Surgery, Children’s Mercy Kansas City, 2401 Gillham Road, Kansas City, MO 64108 USA ,University of Missouri-Kansas City School of Medicine, Kansas City, MO USA
| | - Shawn D. St. Peter
- Department of Surgery, Children’s Mercy Kansas City, 2401 Gillham Road, Kansas City, MO 64108 USA ,University of Missouri-Kansas City School of Medicine, Kansas City, MO USA
| | - Tolulope A. Oyetunji
- Department of Surgery, Children’s Mercy Kansas City, 2401 Gillham Road, Kansas City, MO 64108 USA ,University of Missouri-Kansas City School of Medicine, Kansas City, MO USA ,Quality Improvement and Surgical Equity Research (QISER) Center, Kansas City, USA
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Mungmunpuntipantip R, Wiwanitkit V. Health Literacy among Older Adults during COVID-19 Pandemic. Ann Geriatr Med Res 2021; 25:324-325. [PMID: 34818699 PMCID: PMC8749030 DOI: 10.4235/agmr.21.0128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2021] [Accepted: 11/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/01/2022] Open
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Khalil MI, Banik GR, Mansoor S, Alqahtani AS, Rashid H. SARS-CoV-2, surgeons and surgical masks. World J Clin Cases 2021; 9:2170-2180. [PMID: 33869593 PMCID: PMC8026839 DOI: 10.12998/wjcc.v9.i10.2170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2020] [Revised: 12/25/2020] [Accepted: 02/12/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The exact risk association of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) for surgeons is not quantified which may be affected by their risk of exposure and individual factors. The objective of this review is to quantify the risk of COVID-19 among surgeons, and explore whether facemask can minimise the risk of COVID-19 among surgeons. A systematised review was carried out by searching MEDLINE to locate items on severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 or COVID-19 in relation to health care workers (HCWs) especially those work in surgical specialities including surgical nurses and intensivists. Additionally, systematic reviews that assessed the effectiveness of facemask against viral respiratory infections, including COVID-19, among HCWs were identified. Data from identified articles were abstracted, synthesised and summarised. Fourteen primary studies that provided data on severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 infection or experience among surgeons and 11 systematic reviews that provided evidence of the effectiveness of facemask (and other personal protective equipment) were summarised. Although the risk of COVID-19 could not be quantified precisely among surgeons, about 14% of HCWs including surgeons had COVID-19, there could be variations depending on settings. Facemask was found to be somewhat protective against COVID-19, but the HCWs’ compliance was highly variable ranging from zero to 100%. Echoing surgical societies’ guidelines we continue to recommend facemask use among surgeons to prevent COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Gouri Rani Banik
- Clinical Research Unit, The Department of Medicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney 2217, New South Wales, Australia
- National Centre for Immunisation Research and Surveillance, The Children’s Hospital at Westmead and the University of Sydney, Westmead 2145, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Sarab Mansoor
- The University of Sydney School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney 2006, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Amani S Alqahtani
- Research Department, Saudi Food and Drug Authority, Riyadh 13312, Saudi Arabia
| | - Harunor Rashid
- National Centre for Immunisation Research and Surveillance, The Children's Hospital at Westmead, and the University of Sydney, Westmead 2145, New South Wales, Australia
- Discipline of Child and Adolescent Health, the Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney 2145, New South Wales, Australia
- Marie Bashir Institute for Infectious Diseases and Biosecurity, School of Biological Sciences and Sydney Medical School, The University of Sydney, Westmead 2145, New South Wales, Australia
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