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Zhang Q, Gu L, Xu Y. Analysis of the relationship between VEGF, NLRP3 inflammatory complex, EPO levels, and ocular hemodynamics in patients with primary open-angle glaucoma. BMC Ophthalmol 2024; 24:331. [PMID: 39118112 PMCID: PMC11308441 DOI: 10.1186/s12886-024-03600-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2023] [Accepted: 07/30/2024] [Indexed: 08/10/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Our study aimed to investigate the relationship between vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), NOD-like receptor thermal protein domain associated protein 3 (NLRP3) inflammatory complex, erythropoietin (EPO) levels, and ocular hemodynamics in patients diagnosed with primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG). METHODS This is a prospective observational study. Patients diagnosed with POAG at The Sixth Hospital of Wuhan hospital between November 2022 and February 2023were enrolled.The patients were categorized into three groups based on the average visual field defect (mean deviation, MD) value: severe injury group (MD > 12 dB, 93 cases), moderate injury group (7 ≤ MD ≤ 12 dB, 89 cases), and mild injury group (MD < 7 dB, 85 cases). The levels of VEGF, NLRP3 inflammatory complex, EPO, and ocular hemodynamics were compared among the groups. Furthermore, the relationship between VEGF, NLRP3, EPO levels, and ocular hemodynamics in patients with POAG was analyzed using Pearson correlation analysis. After adjusting for confounding factors such as age and gender, multivariate Logistic regression analysis was performed with the ocular hemodynamics indexes being used as dependent variables, and VEGF, NLRP3, ASC, Caspase-1, and EPO being used as independent variables. RESULTS A total of267 patients with POAG were enrolled. There were no significant differences in sex, age, body mass index, systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure, smoking, alcohol consumption, and blood glucose between the two groups (P > 0.05). The levels of NLRP3, ASC, Caspase-1, and EPO in the severe and moderate injury groups were higher than those in the mild injury group, whereas the VEGF levels were lower in the severe and moderate groups compared to the mild group, showing significant differences (P < 0.05). The severe group exhibited higher levels of NLRP3, ASC, Caspase-1, and EPO than the moderate group, while the VEGF levels were lower in the severe group compared to the moderate group, showing significant differences (P < 0.05). The peak systolic velocity(PSV) and resistance index (RI) were higher in the severe and moderate groups than in the mild group, whereas the EDV was significantly lower in the severe and moderate groups compared to the mild group (P < 0.05). The severe group exhibited higher PSV and RI values compared to the moderate group, while the EDV was lower in the severe group compared to the moderate group, showing significant differences (P < 0.05). Pearson correlation analysis was performed to examine the relationship between VEGF, NLRP3, EPO levels, and ocular hemodynamics in patients with POAG. VEGF, NLRP3, ASC, Caspase-1, and EPO showed positive correlations with PSV and RI, and negative correlations with EDV in patients with POAG. Regression analysis showed that VEGF, NLRP3, ASC, Caspase-1 and EPO were significantly correlated with ocular hemodynamics in POAG (all P < 0.001). CONCLUSION We demonstrated that the levels of VEGF, NLRP3 inflammatory complex, and EPO were highly associated with ocular hemodynamics in patients diagnosed with POAG.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiming Zhang
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Sixth Hospital of Wuhan, Affiliated Hospital of JianghanUniversity, No. 168 Hong Kong Road, Jang'an District, Wuhan, 430014, China
| | - Liying Gu
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Sixth Hospital of Wuhan, Affiliated Hospital of JianghanUniversity, No. 168 Hong Kong Road, Jang'an District, Wuhan, 430014, China
| | - Yujuan Xu
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Sixth Hospital of Wuhan, Affiliated Hospital of JianghanUniversity, No. 168 Hong Kong Road, Jang'an District, Wuhan, 430014, China.
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Nnubia CA, Nwosu SNN, Okpala NE, Apakama AI, Orji IJ, Uba-Obiano CU, Onyiaorah AA. Multiple medications and quality of life of Nigerians with primary open angle glaucoma. Eur J Ophthalmol 2024:11206721241272179. [PMID: 39105406 DOI: 10.1177/11206721241272179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/07/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE To determine the impact of multiple medications on the quality of life of primary open angle glaucoma (POAG) patients on medical treatment at Guinness Eye Centre Onitsha, Nigeria. MATERIALS AND METHODS Adult patients diagnosed with POAG who were undergoing medical therapy were selected through systematic sampling. They were asked to provide information on socio-demographic background, the number and types of glaucoma medications they were using and any adverse effects encountered while using these medications. The patients' quality of life was assessed by utilizing the National Eye Institute Visual Function Questionnaire-25 (NEI-VFQ-25) and all patients completed ocular examination. Data analysis was with Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 23. RESULTS One hundred and seventy-one patients, aged 40-83 years, mean 59.1 ± 11.1 were studied; there were 79(46.2%) males and 92(53.8%) females. One hundred and nine (63.7%) patients were on multiple medications. Side effects of treatment increased with increasing number of medications. The mean quality of life score in monotherapy group and double therapy group were 89.3 ± 15.8 and 80.2 ± 21.1 respectively; while that in ≥ triple therapy group was 78.9 ± 18.8. This decrease in mean quality of life score with increasing number of medications was statistically significant in bivariate analysis (P < 0.01), however, multiple regression analysis showed that the number of medications did not significantly affect the quality of life scores after adjusting for confounding variables(p = 0.881). CONCLUSION Among the patients studied, use of multiple medications, unlike visual acuity (VA) and severity of glaucoma, was not an independent predictor of quality of life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chinasa Anderline Nnubia
- Department of Ophthalmology, Nnamdi Azikiwe University Teaching Hospital, Guinness Eye Centre, Onitsha, Anambra State, Nigeria
| | - Sebastian Ndulue Ntuko Nwosu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Nnamdi Azikiwe University Teaching Hospital, Guinness Eye Centre, Onitsha, Anambra State, Nigeria
- Department of Ophthalmology, Nnamdi Azikiwe University, Awka, Anambra State, Nigeria
| | - Nonso Ejikeme Okpala
- Department of Ophthalmology, Nnamdi Azikiwe University Teaching Hospital, Guinness Eye Centre, Onitsha, Anambra State, Nigeria
- Department of Ophthalmology, Nnamdi Azikiwe University, Awka, Anambra State, Nigeria
| | - Akunne Ijeoma Apakama
- Department of Ophthalmology, Nnamdi Azikiwe University Teaching Hospital, Guinness Eye Centre, Onitsha, Anambra State, Nigeria
- Department of Ophthalmology, Nnamdi Azikiwe University, Awka, Anambra State, Nigeria
| | - Ifeanyi James Orji
- Department of Surgery, Federal Medical Centre Umuahia, Abia State, Nigeria
| | - Chizoba Udoka Uba-Obiano
- Department of Ophthalmology, Nnamdi Azikiwe University Teaching Hospital, Guinness Eye Centre, Onitsha, Anambra State, Nigeria
- Department of Ophthalmology, Nnamdi Azikiwe University, Awka, Anambra State, Nigeria
| | - Adaora Amaoge Onyiaorah
- Department of Ophthalmology, Nnamdi Azikiwe University Teaching Hospital, Guinness Eye Centre, Onitsha, Anambra State, Nigeria
- Department of Ophthalmology, Nnamdi Azikiwe University, Awka, Anambra State, Nigeria
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Sun AJ, Gomide G, Tsamis E, Mao G, Leshno A, La Bruna S, Liebmann JM, De Moraes CG, Hood DC. Understanding Patterns of Preserved Retinal Ganglion Cell Layer in Advanced Glaucoma as Seen With Optical Coherence Tomography. J Glaucoma 2024; 33:539-548. [PMID: 38595198 PMCID: PMC11324382 DOI: 10.1097/ijg.0000000000002399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2023] [Accepted: 03/11/2024] [Indexed: 04/11/2024]
Abstract
PRCIS Using optical coherence tomography (OCT), eyes with advanced glaucoma were found to have a wide range of patterns of damage that were consistent with the natural history of progression based on a model of macular progression. PURPOSE To understand the patterns of preserved retinal ganglion cells in eyes with advanced glaucoma using OCT and a model of progression of the central macula. METHODS OCT GCL thickness was measured in 94 eyes with advanced glaucoma, defined as glaucomatous eyes with a 24-2 MD (mean deviation) worse than -12 dB. A commercial report supplied the GCL thickness in 6 sectors of the thick, donut-shaped GCL region around the fovea. For each eye, the 6 sectors were coded as green (within normal limits, WNL), yellow (≤5th, ≥1st percentile), or red (<1st percentile). RESULTS In all 94 eyes, one or more of the 6 sectors of the donut were abnormal (red or yellow), while all 6 sectors were red in 52 (55%) of the eyes. On the other hand, 33 eyes had one or more sectors WNL (green). While the pattern of donut damage varied widely across these 33 eyes, 61 of the 66 hemiretinas were consistent with a temporal-to-nasal progression of damage within each hemiretina as predicted by our model. CONCLUSIONS All eyes with advanced glaucoma had damage to the critically important central, donut-shaped GCL region. This region showed a wide range of patterns of damage, but these patterns were consistent with the natural history of progression based on a model of macular progression. These results have implications for the clinical identification of macular progression, as well as for inclusion criteria for clinical trials seeking to preserve central macular function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna J Sun
- Columbia University Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons
| | - Gabriel Gomide
- Columbia University Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons
| | | | - Grace Mao
- Department of Psychology, Columbia University
| | - Ari Leshno
- Department of Ophthalmology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center
| | - Sol La Bruna
- Department of Psychology, Columbia University
- University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA
| | | | | | - Donald C Hood
- Department of Psychology, Columbia University
- Department of Ophthalmology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center
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Thirunavukarasu AJ, Jain N, Sanghera R, Lattuada F, Mahmood S, Economou A, Yu HCY, Bourne R. A validated web-application (GFDC) for automatic classification of glaucomatous visual field defects using Hodapp-Parrish-Anderson criteria. NPJ Digit Med 2024; 7:131. [PMID: 38762669 PMCID: PMC11102533 DOI: 10.1038/s41746-024-01122-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2023] [Accepted: 04/23/2024] [Indexed: 05/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Subjectivity and ambiguity of visual field classification limits the accuracy and reliability of glaucoma diagnosis, prognostication, and management decisions. Standardised rules for classifying glaucomatous visual field defects exist, but these are labour-intensive and therefore impractical for day-to-day clinical work. Here a web-application, Glaucoma Field Defect Classifier (GFDC), for automatic application of Hodapp-Parrish-Anderson, is presented and validated in a cross-sectional study. GFDC exhibits perfect accuracy in classifying mild, moderate, and severe glaucomatous field defects. GFDC may thereby improve the accuracy and fairness of clinical decision-making in glaucoma. The application and its source code are freely hosted online for clinicians and researchers to use with glaucoma patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arun James Thirunavukarasu
- University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.
- Oxford University Clinical Academic Graduate School, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.
- Cambridge Eye Research Centre, Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Cambridge, UK.
- Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Oxford, UK.
| | - Nikhil Jain
- Cambridge Eye Research Centre, Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Cambridge, UK
- Bedfordshire Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Luton, UK
| | - Rohan Sanghera
- University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Oxford, UK
| | | | - Shathar Mahmood
- University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Anna Economou
- University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Helmut C Y Yu
- Cambridge Eye Research Centre, Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Cambridge, UK
- University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
| | - Rupert Bourne
- Cambridge Eye Research Centre, Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Cambridge, UK.
- Vision & Eye Research Institute, School of Medicine, Anglia Ruskin University, Cambridge, UK.
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Chen X, Chen X, Chen J, Li Z, Huang S, Shen X, Xiao Y, Wu Z, Zhu Y, Lu L, Zhuo Y. Quantitative Assessment of Fundus Tessellated Density in Highly Myopic Glaucoma Using Deep Learning. Transl Vis Sci Technol 2024; 13:17. [PMID: 38591943 PMCID: PMC11008756 DOI: 10.1167/tvst.13.4.17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2023] [Accepted: 01/12/2024] [Indexed: 04/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Purpose To characterize the fundus tessellated density (FTD) in highly myopic glaucoma (HMG) and high myopia (HM) for discovering early signs and diagnostic markers. Methods This retrospective cross-sectional study included hospital in-patients with HM (133 eyes) and HMG (73 eyes) with an axial length ≥26 mm at Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center. Using deep learning, FTD was quantified as the average exposed choroid area per unit area on fundus photographs in the global, macular, and disc regions. FTD-associated factors were assessed using partial correlation. Diagnostic efficacy was analyzed using the area under the curve (AUC). Results HMG patients had lower global (0.20 ± 0.12 versus 0.36 ± 0.09) and macular FTD (0.25 ± 0.14 vs. 0.40 ± 0.09) but larger disc FTD (0.24 ± 0.11 vs. 0.19 ± 0.07) than HM patients in the tessellated fundus (all P < 0.001). In the macular region, nasal FTD was lowest in the HM (0.26 ± 0.13) but highest in the HMG (0.32 ± 0.13) compared with the superior, inferior, and temporal subregions (all P < 0.05). A fundus with a macular region nasal/temporal (NT) FTD ratio > 0.96 (AUC = 0.909) was 15.7 times more indicative of HMG than HM. A higher macular region NT ratio with a lower horizontal parapapillary atrophy/disc ratio indicated a higher possibility of HMG than HM (AUC = 0.932). Conclusions FTD differs in degree and distribution between HMG and HM. A higher macular NT alone or with a lower horizontal parapapillary atrophy/disc ratio may help differentiate HMG. Translational Relevance Deep learning-based FTD measurement could potentially assist glaucoma diagnosis in HM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaohong Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, World Health Organization Collaborating Center for Eye Care and Vision, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xuhao Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, World Health Organization Collaborating Center for Eye Care and Vision, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jianqi Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, World Health Organization Collaborating Center for Eye Care and Vision, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhidong Li
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, World Health Organization Collaborating Center for Eye Care and Vision, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shaofen Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, World Health Organization Collaborating Center for Eye Care and Vision, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xinyue Shen
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, World Health Organization Collaborating Center for Eye Care and Vision, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yue Xiao
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, World Health Organization Collaborating Center for Eye Care and Vision, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhenquan Wu
- Shenzhen Eye Hospital, Jinan University, Shenzhen Eye Institute, Shenzhen, China
| | - Yingting Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, World Health Organization Collaborating Center for Eye Care and Vision, Guangzhou, China
| | - Lin Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, World Health Organization Collaborating Center for Eye Care and Vision, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yehong Zhuo
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, World Health Organization Collaborating Center for Eye Care and Vision, Guangzhou, China
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6
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Morales-Fernández L, Martínez-de-la-Casa JM, Sáenz-Francés F, Perez-García P, Borrego-Sanz L, García-Feijóo J. Detection and characterisation of visual field defects using Octopus perimetry in congenital glaucoma. ARCHIVOS DE LA SOCIEDAD ESPANOLA DE OFTALMOLOGIA 2024; 99:91-97. [PMID: 38043736 DOI: 10.1016/j.oftale.2023.11.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2023] [Accepted: 10/12/2023] [Indexed: 12/05/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE To detect and characterise visual field (VF) defects using static Octopus perimetry in patients with primary congenital glaucoma (PCG) and to determine VF quality and time duration. MATERIAL AND METHODS Eighty-eight eyes of 70 patients diagnosed with PCG were included. Assessments were performed using an Octopus 900 and each eye was assessed with the tendency-oriented perimetry (G-TOP) algorithm. Quantitative VF data were collected: quality data (false positive and negative response, and time duration) and results of mean deviation (MD) and square root of loss variance (sLV). Qualitative data were collected: the presence of diffuse and localized defects, the affected hemifield and grade of defects using the Aulhorn and Karmeyer classification. Correlations between perimetric results and clinical variables were analysed. RESULTS Median age was 11 (8-17) years. 65.9% (58/88) of PCG eyes showed VF defects. Diffuse defects were observed in 10/58 eyes (16.94%) (mean MD = 23.92 [SD: 2.52]) dB) and localized defects in 48/58 eyes (82.75%). The most frequent defect was spot-like/stroke-like/incipient paracentral scotoma (n = 15), nasal step (n = 8), adding arcuate defect (n = 2), half ring-shaped (n = 13) and concentric defect with a central island (n = 9). And the most frequent affected visual hemifield was inferior hemifield. Mean test duration was 2 min 12 s (SD: 21.6 s). MD and sLV values were correlated with best corrected visual acuity (BCVA), cup to disc ratio and number of antiglaucoma surgeries (all P < .001). CONCLUSION A high number of diffuse and localized defects were identified using Octopus perimetry in PCG patients. The most frequent defect was paracentral scotoma and inferior hemifield was the most affected.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Morales-Fernández
- Servicio de Oftalmología, Hospital Clínico San Carlos, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Hospital Clínico San Carlos (IdISSC), Madrid, Spain; Hospital Universitario Quirón, Pozuelo de Alarcón, Madrid, Spain.
| | - J M Martínez-de-la-Casa
- Servicio de Oftalmología, Hospital Clínico San Carlos, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Hospital Clínico San Carlos (IdISSC), Madrid, Spain; Servicio de Oftalmología, Hospital Clínico San Carlos, Departamento de Oftalmología y ORL, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Hospital Clínico San Carlos (IdISSC), Madrid, Spain; Cooperative Research Network on Age-Related Ocular Disease, and Visual and Life Quality, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - F Sáenz-Francés
- Servicio de Oftalmología, Hospital Clínico San Carlos, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Hospital Clínico San Carlos (IdISSC), Madrid, Spain
| | - P Perez-García
- Servicio de Oftalmología, Hospital Clínico San Carlos, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Hospital Clínico San Carlos (IdISSC), Madrid, Spain
| | - L Borrego-Sanz
- Servicio de Oftalmología, Hospital Clínico San Carlos, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Hospital Clínico San Carlos (IdISSC), Madrid, Spain
| | - J García-Feijóo
- Servicio de Oftalmología, Hospital Clínico San Carlos, Departamento de Oftalmología y ORL, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Hospital Clínico San Carlos (IdISSC), Madrid, Spain; Cooperative Research Network on Age-Related Ocular Disease, and Visual and Life Quality, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain; Instituto de Investigaciones Oftalmológicas Ramón Castroviejo, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
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Yousefi S, Huang X, Poursoroush A, Majoor J, Lemij H, Vermeer K, Elze T, Wang M, Nouri-Mahdavi K, Mohammadzadeh V, Brusini P, Johnson C. An Artificial Intelligence Enabled System for Retinal Nerve Fiber Layer Thickness Damage Severity Staging. OPHTHALMOLOGY SCIENCE 2024; 4:100389. [PMID: 37868793 PMCID: PMC10585627 DOI: 10.1016/j.xops.2023.100389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2022] [Revised: 08/08/2023] [Accepted: 08/18/2023] [Indexed: 10/24/2023]
Abstract
Purpose To develop an objective glaucoma damage severity classification system based on OCT-derived retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) thickness measurements. Design Algorithm development for RNFL damage severity classification based on multicenter OCT data. Subjects and Participants A total of 6561 circumpapillary RNFL profiles from 2269 eyes of 1171 subjects to develop models, and 2505 RNFL profiles from 1099 eyes of 900 subjects to validate models. Methods We developed an unsupervised k-means model to identify clusters of eyes with similar RNFL thickness profiles. We annotated the clusters based on their respective global RNFL thickness. We computed the optimal global RNFL thickness thresholds that discriminated different severity levels based on Bayes' minimum error principle. We validated the proposed pipeline based on an independent validation dataset with 2505 RNFL profiles from 1099 eyes of 900 subjects. Main Outcome Measures Accuracy, area under the receiver operating characteristic curve, and confusion matrix. Results The k-means clustering discovered 4 clusters with 1382, 1613, 1727, and 1839 samples with mean (standard deviation) global RNFL thickness of 58.3 (8.9) μm, 78.9 (6.7) μm, 87.7 (8.2) μm, and 101.5 (7.9) μm. The Bayes' minimum error classifier identified optimal global RNFL values of > 95 μ m , 86 to 95 μ m , 70 to 85 μ m , and < 70 μ m for discriminating normal eyes and eyes at the early, moderate, and advanced stages of RNFL thickness loss, respectively. About 4% of normal eyes and 98% of eyes with advanced RNFL loss had either global, or ≥ 1 quadrant, RNFL thickness outside of normal limits provided by the OCT instrument. Conclusions Unsupervised machine learning discovered that the optimal RNFL thresholds for separating normal eyes and eyes with early, moderate, and advanced RNFL loss were 95 μ m , 85 μm, and 70 μ m , respectively. This RNFL loss classification system is unbiased as there was no preassumption or human expert intervention in the development process. Additionally, it is objective, easy to use, and consistent, which may augment glaucoma research and day-to-day clinical practice. Financial Disclosures Proprietary or commercial disclosure may be found in the Footnotes and Disclosures at the end of this article.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siamak Yousefi
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, Tennessee
- Department of Genetics, Genomics, and Informatics, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, Tennessee
| | - Xiaoqin Huang
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, Tennessee
| | - Asma Poursoroush
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, Tennessee
| | - Julek Majoor
- Rotterdam Ophthalmic Institute, The Rotterdam Eye Hospital, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Hans Lemij
- Rotterdam Ophthalmic Institute, The Rotterdam Eye Hospital, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Koen Vermeer
- Rotterdam Ophthalmic Institute, The Rotterdam Eye Hospital, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Tobias Elze
- Schepens Eye Research Institute of Massachusetts Eye and Ear, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachussetts
| | - Mengyu Wang
- Schepens Eye Research Institute of Massachusetts Eye and Ear, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachussetts
| | - Kouros Nouri-Mahdavi
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California
| | - Vahid Mohammadzadeh
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California
| | - Paolo Brusini
- Department of Ophthalmology, “Città di Udine” Health Center, Udine, Italy
| | - Chris Johnson
- Department of Ophthalmology & Visual Sciences, University of Iowa Hospitals and Clinics, Iowa City, Iowa
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8
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Hong J, Tan SS, Chua J. Optical coherence tomography angiography in glaucoma. Clin Exp Optom 2024; 107:110-121. [PMID: 38266148 DOI: 10.1080/08164622.2024.2306963] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2023] [Accepted: 01/11/2024] [Indexed: 01/26/2024] Open
Abstract
The use of optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA) holds significant promise for optometrists in the diagnosis and management of glaucoma. It offers reliable differentiation of glaucomatous eyes from healthy ones and extends monitoring capabilities for advanced cases. OCTA represents a valuable addition to traditional assessment methods, particularly in complex cases. Glaucoma, a major cause of irreversible blindness, is traditionally diagnosed using structural and functional metrics. With growing interest, OCTA is being explored to diagnose, monitor, and manage glaucoma. This review focuses on the application of OCTA in glaucoma patients. A database search was carried out using Embase Elsevier (n = 664), PubMed (n = 574), and Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (n = 19) on 15 August 2023. After deduplication and screening, 272 original papers were included in the narrative review. Inclusion criteria comprised English-language original studies on OCTA use in human glaucoma patients, with or without healthy controls. Exclusion criteria encompassed animal studies, in-vivo/in-vitro research, reviews, and congress abstracts. OCTA has good repeatability and reproducibility. OCTA metrics have good discriminatory power to differentiate glaucomatous eyes from healthy eyes and show strong associations with structural changes and visual field defects. OCTA can extend the monitoring of advanced glaucoma, addressing the 'floor effect' of traditional structural measurements. OCTA metrics can be affected by the choice of OCTA machine, post-image processing algorithms, systemic diseases, and ocular factors. Image artefacts can affect the accuracy of OCTA measurements, and proper scan quality evaluation is crucial to ensure reliable results. Additionally, artificial intelligence techniques offer promise for enhancing the diagnostic accuracy of OCTA by combining data from various retinal layers and regions. OCTA complements traditional methods in assessing glaucoma, especially in challenging cases, providing valuable insights for detection and management. Further research and clinical validation are needed to integrate OCTA into routine practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jimmy Hong
- Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore National Eye Centre, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Shayne S Tan
- Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore National Eye Centre, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Jacqueline Chua
- Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore National Eye Centre, Singapore, Singapore
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9
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Shet Shirodker SS, Meethal NSK, Mazumdar D, Asokan R. Performance of perimetric glaucoma staging systems and their preference patterns among the Indian eye care practitioners. Indian J Ophthalmol 2024; 72:447-451. [PMID: 38421292 PMCID: PMC11001244 DOI: 10.4103/ijo.ijo_2060_23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2023] [Revised: 11/01/2023] [Accepted: 11/18/2023] [Indexed: 03/02/2024] Open
Abstract
CONTEXT Various systems are available to stage glaucomatous field defects into different severity grades. Still, the preference for such systems among Indian eye care practitioners (ECPs) and the consensus between them are not explored. PURPOSE To compare the clinical performance of perimetric glaucoma staging systems and to assess their preference patterns among Indian ECPs. SETTING AND DESIGN Retro-prospective cross-sectional study. METHODS Three investigators stratified 400 perimetry reports using four systems: Hodapp Anderson Parrish (HAP), enhanced Glaucoma Severity Staging (eGSS), Advanced Glaucoma Intervention Study (AGIS), and Collaborative Initial Glaucoma Treatment Study (CIGTS). Their performance was compared in terms of agreement and association. Following this, 30 ECPs from across the country segregated a subset of reports (n = 20) into different stages based on their system of choice, and their preferences/perceptions about the available perimetry staging systems were enquired and documented. STATISTICAL ANALYSIS USED Descriptive statistics, Kruskal-Wallis, Cohen's kappa, and Spearman's correlation. RESULTS For the consolidated severity stages, substantial agreements (K ranging from 0.61 to 0.75) were found between all the systems, except for HAP-CIGTS (K = 0.58) and AGIS-CIGTS (K = 0.51). All ECPs were aware of perimetry staging systems, and a high preference was reported for HAP (97%) due to ease of implementation and interpretation. CONCLUSION Among the four staging systems, the highest agreement was found between HAP and eGSS. A majority of ECPs proposed the need for a uniform classification system across the practices for clinical comparisons and patient education.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suchana S Shet Shirodker
- Department of Academics, The Sankara Nethralaya Academy, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
- Department of Allied Health Sciences, The Tamil Nadu Dr. M.G.R. Medical University, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Najiya Sundus K Meethal
- Department of Glaucoma Services, Sankara Nethralaya, Medical Research Foundation, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Deepmala Mazumdar
- Department of Glaucoma Services, Sankara Nethralaya, Medical Research Foundation, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Rashima Asokan
- Department of Glaucoma Services, Sankara Nethralaya, Medical Research Foundation, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
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10
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Philippin H, Matayan EN, Knoll KM, Macha E, Mbishi S, Makupa A, Matsinhe CD, da Gama IV, Monjane MJ, Ncheda JA, Mulobuana FAF, Muna E, Guylene NF, Gazzard G, Marques AP, Shah P, Macleod D, Makupa W, Burton MJ. Differentiating stages of functional vision loss from glaucoma using the Disc Damage Likelihood Scale and cup:disc ratio. Br J Ophthalmol 2024; 108:349-356. [PMID: 36653163 PMCID: PMC10894823 DOI: 10.1136/bjo-2022-321643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2022] [Accepted: 01/07/2023] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Glaucoma staging is critical for treatment planning but has rarely been tested in severe/end-stage disease. We compared the performance of the Disc Damage Likelihood Scale (DDLS) and cup:disc ratio (CDR) using a functional glaucoma staging system (GSS) as the reference standard. METHODS Post hoc analysis of a randomised controlled trial at the Eye Department of Kilimanjaro Christian Medical Centre, Tanzania. Eligible participants (aged ≥18 years) with open-angle glaucoma, intraocular pressure (IOP) of >21 mm Hg, were randomised to timolol 0.5% eye drops or selective laser trabeculoplasty. Fundoscopy established vertical and horizontal CDRs and DDLS. Visual acuity and static visual fields were graded (GSS). The study used area under the receiver operating characteristic (AROC) curves and Spearman's rank correlation coefficients to compare staging systems. Logistic regression with generalised estimating equations determined risk factors of functional severe/end-stage glaucoma. RESULTS 382 eyes (201 participants) were evaluated; 195 (51%) had severe or end-stage glaucoma; mean IOP was 26.7 (SD 6.9) mm Hg. DDLS yielded an AROC of 0.90 (95% CI 0.87 to 0.93), vertical cup:disc ratio (vCDR) of 0.88 (95% CI 0.85 to 0.91, p=0.048) for identifying severe/end-stage disease. Correlation coefficients comparing GSS to DDLS and vCDRs were 0.73 and 0.71, respectively. Advanced structural stages, vision impairment, higher IOP and less financial resources were risk factors of functional severe/end-stage glaucoma. CONCLUSION This study indicates that both structural staging systems can differentiate severe/end-stage glaucoma from less severe disease, with a moderate advantage of DDLS over CDR. Clinical examination of the optic disc plays an important role in addition to functional assessment when managing severe/end-stage glaucoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heiko Philippin
- International Centre for Eye Health, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine Department of Clinical Research, London, UK
- Eye Centre, Medical Centre, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg im Breisgau, Germany
| | - Einoti Naino Matayan
- Eye Department, Kilimanjaro Christian Medical Centre, Moshi, Tanzania, United Republic of
- Kilimanjaro Christian Medical University College, Moshi, Tanzania, United Republic of
| | - Karin Marianne Knoll
- Eye Department, Kilimanjaro Christian Medical Centre, Moshi, Tanzania, United Republic of
| | - Edith Macha
- Eye Department, Kilimanjaro Christian Medical Centre, Moshi, Tanzania, United Republic of
| | - Sia Mbishi
- Eye Department, Kilimanjaro Christian Medical Centre, Moshi, Tanzania, United Republic of
| | - Andrew Makupa
- Eye Department, Kilimanjaro Christian Medical Centre, Moshi, Tanzania, United Republic of
- Kilimanjaro Christian Medical University College, Moshi, Tanzania, United Republic of
| | - Cristóvão Daniel Matsinhe
- Eye Department, Kilimanjaro Christian Medical Centre, Moshi, Tanzania, United Republic of
- Provincial Hospital of Pemba, Pemba, Mozambique
| | - Isac Vasco da Gama
- Eye Department, Kilimanjaro Christian Medical Centre, Moshi, Tanzania, United Republic of
- Hospital Central de Quelimane, Quelimane, Mozambique
| | - Mário Jorge Monjane
- Eye Department, Kilimanjaro Christian Medical Centre, Moshi, Tanzania, United Republic of
| | - Joyce Awum Ncheda
- Eye Department, Kilimanjaro Christian Medical Centre, Moshi, Tanzania, United Republic of
- Presbyterian Eye Hospital, Bafoussam, Cameroon
| | | | - Elisante Muna
- Eye Department, Kilimanjaro Christian Medical Centre, Moshi, Tanzania, United Republic of
| | - Nelly Fopoussi Guylene
- Eye Department, Kilimanjaro Christian Medical Centre, Moshi, Tanzania, United Republic of
- Eye Department, Cameroon Baptist Convention Health Services, Douala, Cameroon
| | - Gus Gazzard
- National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Biomedical Research Centre (BRC) for Ophthalmology at Moorfields Eye Hospital NHS Foundation Trust and UCL Institute of Ophthalmology, London, UK
- Institute of Ophthalmology, University College London, London, UK
| | - Ana Patricia Marques
- International Centre for Eye Health, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine Department of Clinical Research, London, UK
| | - Peter Shah
- Institute of Ophthalmology, University College London, London, UK
- Ophthalmology, University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham, UK
| | - David Macleod
- MRC International Statistics & Epidemiology Group, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, UK
| | - William Makupa
- Eye Department, Kilimanjaro Christian Medical Centre, Moshi, Tanzania, United Republic of
- Kilimanjaro Christian Medical University College, Moshi, Tanzania, United Republic of
| | - Matthew J Burton
- International Centre for Eye Health, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine Department of Clinical Research, London, UK
- National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Biomedical Research Centre (BRC) for Ophthalmology at Moorfields Eye Hospital NHS Foundation Trust and UCL Institute of Ophthalmology, London, UK
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11
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Jackson AB, Martin KR, Coote MA, Medeiros FA, Girkin CA, Fazio MA, Liebmann JM, De Moraes CG, Weinreb RN, Zangwill LM, Wu Z. Fast Progressors in Glaucoma: Prevalence Based on Global and Central Visual Field Loss. Ophthalmology 2023; 130:462-468. [PMID: 36693593 PMCID: PMC10121866 DOI: 10.1016/j.ophtha.2023.01.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2022] [Revised: 01/04/2023] [Accepted: 01/17/2023] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE To determine the prevalence of fast global and central visual field (VF) progression in individuals with glaucoma under routine care. DESIGN Observational study. PARTICIPANTS Six hundred ninety-three eyes of 461 individuals with glaucoma followed up over a median of 4.5 years. METHODS This study included (1) patients at a private ophthalmology clinic in Melbourne, Australia, and (2) individuals in 2 prospective longitudinal observational studies across 3 sites in the United States. All individuals had a diagnosis of glaucoma and were under routine care, and had performed 5 or more reliable 24-2 VF tests over a 1- to 5-year period. Ordinary least squares regression analyses were used to calculate the rate of global mean deviation (MD) change over time and the rate of the mean total deviation values of the 12 test locations within the central 10° region (MTD10) for each eye. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Prevalence of progression based on the rate of MD and the MTD10 change across various fixed cutoffs and cutoffs based on the estimated normal distribution (from the positive slopes). RESULTS Based on the MD and the MTD10, 12.5% and 11.7% of the eyes, respectively, exhibited a rate of change that was less than -1.0 dB/year (being a rate that typically is defined as "fast progression" for MD values), and 29.0% of the eyes showed a change of less than -0.5 dB/year on MTD10. Furthermore, 12.7% and 9.1% of the eyes exhibited a rate of change that exceeded the 1% cutoff of the estimated normal distribution MD and the MTD10 values, respectively. CONCLUSIONS This study found that approximately 1 in 8 eyes with glaucoma receiving routine care showed fast progression based on global MD values (< -1.0 dB/year) and that nearly 1 in 3 eyes showed a < -0.5 dB/year decline centrally. These findings highlight the clinical importance of assessing progressive central VF loss and reinforce the need for new therapies to prevent functional disability in a notable proportion of individuals who continue to exhibit fast progression. FINANCIAL DISCLOSURE(S) Proprietary or commercial disclosure may be found after the references.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aidan B Jackson
- Centre for Eye Research Australia, Royal Victorian Eye and Ear Hospital, East Melbourne, Australia; Ophthalmology, Department of Surgery, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Keith R Martin
- Centre for Eye Research Australia, Royal Victorian Eye and Ear Hospital, East Melbourne, Australia; Ophthalmology, Department of Surgery, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia; John van Geest Centre for Brain Repair, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Michael A Coote
- Centre for Eye Research Australia, Royal Victorian Eye and Ear Hospital, East Melbourne, Australia; Ophthalmology, Department of Surgery, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Felipe A Medeiros
- Duke Eye Center and Department of Ophthalmology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Christopher A Girkin
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
| | - Massimo A Fazio
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
| | - Jeffrey M Liebmann
- Bernard and Shirlee Brown Glaucoma Research Laboratory, Edward S. Harkness Eye Institute, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, New York
| | - Carlos Gustavo De Moraes
- Bernard and Shirlee Brown Glaucoma Research Laboratory, Edward S. Harkness Eye Institute, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, New York
| | - Robert N Weinreb
- Hamilton Glaucoma Center, Viterbi Family Department of Ophthalmology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California
| | - Linda M Zangwill
- Hamilton Glaucoma Center, Viterbi Family Department of Ophthalmology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California
| | - Zhichao Wu
- Centre for Eye Research Australia, Royal Victorian Eye and Ear Hospital, East Melbourne, Australia; Ophthalmology, Department of Surgery, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia.
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12
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Yuen J, Xu B, Song BJ, Daskivich LP, Rodman J, Wong BJ. Effectiveness of Glaucoma Screening and Factors Associated with Follow-up Adherence among Glaucoma Suspects in a Safety-Net Teleretinal Screening Program. Ophthalmol Glaucoma 2023; 6:247-254. [PMID: 36332907 DOI: 10.1016/j.ogla.2022.10.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2022] [Revised: 10/26/2022] [Accepted: 10/27/2022] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE To evaluate rates and risk factors associated with follow-up adherence to in-person glaucoma evaluations and confirmed glaucoma diagnosis in glaucoma suspects identified through teleretinal diabetic retinopathy screening (TDRS). DESIGN Retrospective cohort study SUBJECTS: Patients with diabetes identified through teleretinal screening to have large or asymmetric cup-to-disc ratios in a Los Angeles County safety-net primary care-based TDRS program. METHODS Retrospective chart review was performed to obtain demographic and clinical information for patients with cup-to-disc ratios concerning for glaucoma on TDRS. Patients who completed an in-person follow-up appointment within 1 year of teleretinal screening were adherent. Factors associated with follow-up adherence and diagnosis of glaucoma were analyzed with chi-square and independent t tests along with multivariable logistic regressions. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES The proportion of patients with suspected glaucoma who adhered with in-person follow-up examination, proportion of patients with confirmed glaucoma diagnosis, and factors associated with follow-up adherence and glaucoma diagnosis. RESULTS Eight-hundred seventeen patients with optic discs suspicious for glaucoma were included. Five-hundred thirty-four (65.4%) patients successfully completed an in-person glaucoma evaluation. Among these patients, 62.9% and 24.5% received a diagnosis of glaucoma suspect and glaucomatous optic neuropathy, respectively. Compared with patients aged < 50 years, patients aged 50 to 64 years had 1.57 times higher odds of being adherent with in-person visits (P = 0.036), whereas no difference was seen in those aged ≥ 65 years. For every $10 000 increase in the zip code median income, patients had 11% lower odds of being adherent (P = 0.031). Compared with Latino patients, Black patients had 3.52 times (P < 0.001) higher odds of having confirmed glaucoma. CONCLUSION The majority of patients referred as glaucoma suspects on TDRS completed a follow-up examination, and nearly a quarter of those examined received a confirmed glaucoma diagnosis. Patients aged ≥ 50 and < 65 years along with those from lower-income neighborhoods were more likely to follow up for an in-person evaluation. Compared with Latino patients, Black patients had a higher risk for a confirmed glaucoma diagnosis. This demonstrates the effectiveness of glaucoma detection in a large-scale TDRS program for a safety-net patient population. FINANCIAL DISCLOSURE(S) The authors have no proprietary or commercial interest in any materials discussed in this article.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jenay Yuen
- Department of Ophthalmology, USC Roski Eye Institute, Keck School of Medicine of University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California
| | - Benjamin Xu
- Department of Ophthalmology, USC Roski Eye Institute, Keck School of Medicine of University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California
| | - Brian J Song
- Department of Ophthalmology, USC Roski Eye Institute, Keck School of Medicine of University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California
| | - Lauren P Daskivich
- Department of Ophthalmology, USC Roski Eye Institute, Keck School of Medicine of University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California; Department of Ophthalmology, LAC+USC Medical Center, Los Angeles, California
| | - John Rodman
- Southern California Clinical and Translational Science Institute, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California
| | - Brandon J Wong
- Department of Ophthalmology, USC Roski Eye Institute, Keck School of Medicine of University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California; Department of Ophthalmology, LAC+USC Medical Center, Los Angeles, California.
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13
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Jiang J, Ye C, Zhang C, Lin Z, Tang Y, Ye W, Xu X, Zhang S, Lu F, Liang Y. The Patterns of Visual Field Defects in Primary Angle-Closure Glaucoma Compared to High-Tension Glaucoma and Normal-Tension Glaucoma. Ophthalmic Res 2023; 66:940-948. [PMID: 37062276 DOI: 10.1159/000530175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2022] [Accepted: 03/06/2023] [Indexed: 04/18/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The aim of this study was to compare the patterns of visual field (VF) defects in primary angle-closure glaucoma (PACG) to control groups of eyes with high-tension glaucoma (HTG) and normal-tension glaucoma (NTG). METHODS Forty-eight eyes with PACG were enrolled, and control eyes with HTG and NTG matched for age, sex, and mean deviation of VF defect were selected. VF tests were performed using the 24-2 program of the Humphrey field analyzer. VF defects were classified into six patterns with the Ocular Hypertension Treatment Study classification system and were categorized into three stages (early, moderate, and advanced). Each hemifield was divided into five regions according to the Glaucoma Hemifield Test (GHT). The mean total deviation (TD) of each GHT region was calculated. RESULTS Compared with HTG and NTG groups, the partial arcuate VF defects were more common in the PACG group. In the PACG group, the nasal GHT region in the inferior hemifield had the worst mean TD (-8.48 ± 8.62 dB), followed by the arcuate 1 (-7.81 ± 7.91 dB), arcuate 2 (-7.46 ± 7.43 dB), paracentral (-7.19 ± 7.98 dB), and central (-5.14 ± 6.24 dB) regions; the mean TD of the central region was significantly better than those for all other regions (all p < 0.05). A similar trend was observed in the superior hemifield in the PACG group but not the VF hemifields of the HTG and NTG groups. CONCLUSION Patterns of VF defect in PACG patients differ from those with HTG and NTG. This discrepancy might be due to the differences in the pathogenic mechanisms of glaucomatous optic neuropathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junhong Jiang
- Eye Hospital and School of Ophthalmology and Optometry, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Ocular Disease, Wenzhou, China
| | - Cong Ye
- Eye Hospital and School of Ophthalmology and Optometry, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Ocular Disease, Wenzhou, China
| | - Cong Zhang
- Eye Hospital and School of Ophthalmology and Optometry, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Ocular Disease, Wenzhou, China
| | - Zhong Lin
- Eye Hospital and School of Ophthalmology and Optometry, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Ocular Disease, Wenzhou, China
| | - Yihua Tang
- Eye Hospital and School of Ophthalmology and Optometry, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Ocular Disease, Wenzhou, China
| | - Wenqing Ye
- Eye Hospital and School of Ophthalmology and Optometry, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Ocular Disease, Wenzhou, China
| | - Xiang Xu
- Eye Hospital and School of Ophthalmology and Optometry, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Ocular Disease, Wenzhou, China
| | - Shaodan Zhang
- Eye Hospital and School of Ophthalmology and Optometry, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Ocular Disease, Wenzhou, China
- Glaucoma Institute, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Fan Lu
- Eye Hospital and School of Ophthalmology and Optometry, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Ocular Disease, Wenzhou, China
| | - Yuanbo Liang
- Eye Hospital and School of Ophthalmology and Optometry, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Ocular Disease, Wenzhou, China
- Glaucoma Institute, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
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Performance of a Glaucoma Screening Program Compared With Opportunistic Detection in China. J Glaucoma 2023; 32:80-84. [PMID: 36223297 DOI: 10.1097/ijg.0000000000002125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2021] [Accepted: 08/16/2022] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
PRCIS Health examination center-based screening provide a good supplement to clinic-based glaucoma care by detecting early-stage glaucoma, especially those with normal intraocular pressure (IOP) and less visual impairment. PURPOSE Opportunistic glaucoma screening for early case identification is of great value in the prevention of severe visual impairment, however, novel, low-cost models are needed. We aimed to determine whether health examination center-based glaucoma screening identifies diseases earlier than outpatient cases in China. MATERIALS AND METHODS In this case-control study, 76 patients with primary glaucoma identified from a health examination center-based glaucoma screening program and 272 consecutive outpatient cases at the same hospital were enrolled from March 21 to September 30, 2016. Demographic characteristics, best-corrected visual acuity, IOP, mean deviation (MD), and pattern standard deviation (PSD) on Humphrey visual field testing in the better-seeing eye were compared between groups. RESULTS Screening-detected glaucoma patients had significantly lower IOP (18.3±4.2 mm Hg) than out-patient cases (26.7±12.6 mm Hg, P <0.001). Most (71.1%) of the screening-detected patients had IOP<21 mm Hg compared with 37.1% in the clinic group ( P <0.001). Seventy-five patients (98.7%) in the screening group were diagnosed as primary open angle glaucoma, compared with 44.1% in the clinic group ( P <0.001). Screening-detected patients had significantly less visual impairment than the clinic group (6.6% vs. 38.6%, P <0.05). Mean MD (-4.4±5.0 dB) and PSD (4.4±3.6 dB) for the screening group were superior to the clinic group (MD: -16.5±10.5 dB, P <0.001; PSD: 6.5±3.7 dB, P <0.001). CONCLUSION The glaucoma screening program was effective at detecting early disease, especially normal tension glaucoma and supplemented opportunistic detection of glaucoma.
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Yousefi S, Pasquale LR, Boland MV, Johnson CA. Machine-Identified Patterns of Visual Field Loss and an Association with Rapid Progression in the Ocular Hypertension Treatment Study. Ophthalmology 2022; 129:1402-1411. [PMID: 35817199 PMCID: PMC9691587 DOI: 10.1016/j.ophtha.2022.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2021] [Revised: 06/30/2022] [Accepted: 07/01/2022] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE To identify patterns of visual field (VF) loss based on unsupervised machine learning and to identify patterns that are associated with rapid progression. DESIGN Cross-sectional and longitudinal study. PARTICIPANTS A total of 2231 abnormal VFs from 205 eyes of 176 Ocular Hypertension Treatment Study (OHTS) participants followed over approximately 16 years. METHODS Visual fields were assessed by an unsupervised deep archetypal analysis algorithm and an OHTS-certified VF reader to identify prevalent patterns of VF loss. Machine-identified patterns of glaucoma damage were compared against those patterns previously identified (expert-identified) in the OHTS in 2003. Based on the longitudinal VFs of each eye, VF loss patterns that were strongly associated with rapid glaucoma progression were identified. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Machine-expert correspondence and type of patterns of VF loss associated with rapid progression. RESULTS The average VF mean deviation (MD) at conversion to glaucoma was -2.7 decibels (dB) (standard deviation [SD] = 2.4 dB), whereas the average MD of the eyes at the last visit was -5.2 dB (SD = 5.5 dB). Fifty out of 205 eyes had MD rate of -1 dB/year or worse and were considered rapid progressors. Eighteen machine-identified patterns of VF loss were compared with expert-identified patterns, in which 13 patterns of VF loss were similar. The most prevalent expert-identified patterns included partial arcuate, paracentral, and nasal step defects, and the most prevalent machine-identified patterns included temporal wedge, partial arcuate, nasal step, and paracentral VF defects. One of the machine-identified patterns of VF loss predicted future rapid VF progression after adjustment for age, sex, and initial MD. CONCLUSIONS An automated machine learning system can identify patterns of VF loss and could provide objective and reproducible nomenclature for characterizing early signs of visual defects and rapid progression in patients with glaucoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siamak Yousefi
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, Tennessee; Department of Genetics, Genomics, and Informatics, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, Tennessee.
| | - Louis R Pasquale
- Department of Ophthalmology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York
| | - Michael V Boland
- Department of Ophthalmology, Massachusetts Eye and Ear, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Chris A Johnson
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Iowa Hospitals and Clinics, Iowa City, Iowa
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An Objective and Easy-to-Use Glaucoma Functional Severity Staging System Based on Artificial Intelligence. J Glaucoma 2022; 31:626-633. [PMID: 35658070 PMCID: PMC9378471 DOI: 10.1097/ijg.0000000000002059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2021] [Accepted: 05/22/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The objective of this study was to develop an objective and easy-to-use glaucoma staging system based on visual fields (VFs). SUBJECTS AND PARTICIPANTS A total of 13,231 VFs from 8077 subjects were used to develop models and 8024 VFs from 4445 subjects were used to validate models. METHODS We developed an unsupervised machine learning model to identify clusters with similar VF values. We annotated the clusters based on their respective mean deviation (MD). We computed optimal MD thresholds that discriminate clusters with the highest accuracy based on Bayes minimum error principle. We evaluated the accuracy of the staging system and validated findings based on an independent validation dataset. RESULTS The unsupervised k -means algorithm discovered 4 clusters with 6784, 4034, 1541, and 872 VFs and average MDs of 0.0 dB (±1.4: SD), -4.8 dB (±1.9), -12.2 dB (±2.9), and -23.0 dB (±3.8), respectively. The supervised Bayes minimum error classifier identified optimal MD thresholds of -2.2, -8.0, and -17.3 dB for discriminating normal eyes and eyes at the early, moderate, and advanced stages of glaucoma. The accuracy of the glaucoma staging system was 94%, based on identified MD thresholds with respect to the initial k -means clusters. CONCLUSIONS We discovered that 4 severity levels based on MD thresholds of -2.2, -8.0, and -17.3 dB, provides the optimal number of severity stages based on unsupervised and supervised machine learning. This glaucoma staging system is unbiased, objective, easy-to-use, and consistent, which makes it highly suitable for use in glaucoma research and for day-to-day clinical practice.
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Wang R, Yang J, Shi L, Qu Y, Xu D, Liu Y, Li X. Changes of macular blood flow and structure in acute primary angle closure glaucoma. Int Ophthalmol 2022; 42:3789-3801. [PMID: 35781598 DOI: 10.1007/s10792-022-02399-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2021] [Accepted: 06/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE We assessed the relationship between acute primary angle closure glaucoma (APACG) severity and macular microcirculation, as well as the diagnostic ability of blood flow and macular structural parameters on optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA) for APACG. METHODS APACG patients were assigned to mild, moderate, and severe groups in this cross-sectional study. Age-matched primary angle closure suspect (PACS) and healthy control groups were also recruited. The vessel density (VD) and foveal avascular zone (FAZ) in each macular superficial area were measured using OCTA. The retinal nerve fiber layer thickness (RNFLT) and ganglion cell complex thickness (GCCT) of the corresponding regions were measured using OCT. RESULTS All parameters in the control, PACS, and mild APACG groups differed significantly from those in the moderate and severe APACG groups (all P < 0.05). VD and RNFLT showed high and moderate diagnostic ability, respectively, to distinguish moderate APACG from PACS, with significant differences (P < 0.05) in areas under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUCs) for VD and RNFLT in six macular areas. The diagnostic abilities of VD and RNFLT for distinguishing severe APACG from PACS were increased, with significant differences in the AUCs for VD and RNFLT in five macular areas (P < 0.05). All macular VDs and GCCTs were similar among the three APACG groups (P > 0.05). CONCLUSIONS Damage to the VD and FAZ in the macula increased with APACG severity. VD in the macular superficial layer showed a higher diagnostic ability than RNFLT, which was equivalent to that of GCCT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Wang
- Tianjin Key Lab of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Tianjin Eye Hospital, Tianjin Eye Institute, No.4.Gansu Road, He-ping District, Tianjin, China
| | - Jin Yang
- Tianjin Key Lab of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Tianjin Eye Hospital, Tianjin Eye Institute, No.4.Gansu Road, He-ping District, Tianjin, China
| | - Liukun Shi
- Tianjin Key Lab of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Tianjin Eye Hospital, Tianjin Eye Institute, No.4.Gansu Road, He-ping District, Tianjin, China
| | - Yue Qu
- Tianjin Key Lab of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Tianjin Eye Hospital, Tianjin Eye Institute, No.4.Gansu Road, He-ping District, Tianjin, China
| | - Dan Xu
- Tianjin Key Lab of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Tianjin Eye Hospital, Tianjin Eye Institute, No.4.Gansu Road, He-ping District, Tianjin, China
| | - Yufeng Liu
- Tianjin Key Lab of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Tianjin Eye Hospital, Tianjin Eye Institute, No.4.Gansu Road, He-ping District, Tianjin, China
| | - Xuan Li
- Tianjin Key Lab of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Tianjin Eye Hospital, Tianjin Eye Institute, No.4.Gansu Road, He-ping District, Tianjin, China.
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Prediction of Central Visual Field Severity in Glaucoma. J Glaucoma 2022; 31:430-437. [PMID: 35649258 DOI: 10.1097/ijg.0000000000002031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2021] [Accepted: 03/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
PRCIS The severity of central visual field (VF) defects on 24-2 VF and related scotomas on 10-2 VF may be predicted by assessing perimetric defects at abnormal central 12 points on 24-2 VF in early glaucoma. PURPOSE Investigating the association between perimetric parameters at abnormal central 12 points on 24-2 VF and the severity of central visual field defects (CVFDs) on 24-2 VF and related parafoveal scotomas on 10-2 VF. METHODS We examined 64 eyes of 56 glaucoma patients with CVFDs on 24-2 VF with a mean deviation better than -7 dB and completed 24-2 and 10-2 VF testing within 6 months. On the basis of 10-2 VFs' pattern defects, eyes were grouped into 3: an arcuate parafoveal scotoma, severe defect; partial arcuate, moderate defect; and minimal defect. VF parameters at abnormal points (P<1%) within the central-most 4 and paracentral 8 points on total deviation/pattern deviation plots on 24-2 VF were analyzed to predict the severity of CVFDs. RESULTS Eyes with arcuate scotoma showed more functional loss than eyes without arcuate scotoma on 10-2 VF (P<0.001). A significant association was observed between abnormal 24-2 VF points' (<1%) threshold sensitivity lower than 20 dB [odds ratio (OR)=7.2; P=0.002 and OR=5.1; P=0.003 for the central 4 and paracentral 8 points, respectively] and defect values worse than -15 dB (OR=8.0 and 5.6 for the central 4 and paracentral 8 points, respectively, P=0.005) with arcuate scotoma on 10-2 VF. Superior nasal defect in the central 5 degrees on 24-2 VF was significantly associated with an arcuate defect on 10-2 VF (P<0.001). CONCLUSION Clinicians may predict the severity of CVFDs on 24-2 VF and parafoveal scotomas on 10-2 VF by measuring threshold sensitivities and defect values at abnormal central 12 points (<1%) on 24-2 VF in early glaucoma.
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Munteanu GZ, Munteanu ZVI, Roiu G, Daina CM, Daina LG, Coroi MC, Domnariu C, Neculoiu DC, Cotovanu AS, Badau D. Detection of Intraocular Hypertension during Opportunity Screening (Check-Up Medical Inspections). J Pers Med 2022; 12:jpm12050777. [PMID: 35629199 PMCID: PMC9143732 DOI: 10.3390/jpm12050777] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2022] [Revised: 05/05/2022] [Accepted: 05/06/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
The aim of the study is the early detection of OHT (Ocular hypertension) in patients, in the activity of secondary prophylaxis (opportunity screening-medical check-up), to prevent blindness caused by POAG (Primary Open Angle Glaucoma). In Romania, medical examination of personnel with responsibilities in Transport Safety (TS) is legally regulated, being mandatory as a result of the internal transposition of European legislation in the field. The addressability of the patients for examination was determined by personal choice, depending on the accessibility of the medical service on the profile market (availability and price). The design of the study is epidemiological, observational, descriptive and retrospective. The standardized medical protocol included: personal medical history (anamnesis), physical ophthalmological examination, Intraocular pressure (IOP) measurement and Visual Field (VF) performance, with Automated Perimeter “Optopol PTS 910” through “Fast Threshold” strategy. The specialized medical research was completed with a dichotomous questionnaire entitled “Symptom Inventory”, made according to the recommendations of patients resulting from “Focus group” research. The study was carried out within the “Check-up” type medical controls upon request, only for personnel with positions in Transport Safety (TS), during January−December 2021 at S.C. ARTIMED S.R.L. Oradea, Bihor County. Health analysis was performed for 820 people, of whom 71 people (8.65%) tested positive for IOP > 21 mmHg, (suspected OHT) compared to 749 (91.35%) with normal values (Normal intraocular pressure-NIOP); the two lots being statistically significantly different (x2 = 560.590, df = 1, p = 0.000). The study involved 754 men (92.0%) and 66 women (8.0%), the sex ratio is 11.42 (Exp (B) = 0.782, Sig = 0.558, 95% CI = 0.343−1783; sex is not a significant predictor at the 5% level). The prevalence of OHT was 8.66% for the whole group, 8.48% for men and 10.60% for women. In the screening action for the whole group of patients the following was determined: IOP reference = 20.85 mmHg, Sensitivity (Se) = 91.5% and 1-Specificity (Sp) = 0.073, (Sp = 92.7%). The predictive value of the screening test was: Positive Predictive Value (PPV) = 90.1% and Negative Predictive Value (NPV) = 91.7%; Area under the ROC Curve (Receiver Operating Characteristic) = 0.986, Sig. = 0.000, CI95% = 0.979−0.993. A binary logistical model of a questionnaire was developed to determine the screening parameters which significantly predicted OHT: IOP (OR = 4.154, 95% CI: 3.155−5.469), Age < 40 years (OR = 0.408, 95% CI: 0.239−0.698) and Pattern Defect (PD) (OR = 1.475% CI: 1.130−1.925). The results of this study assess health status through regular medical examinations, and highlight their importance and usefulness in secondary prevention activity. The particularity of this “check-up” type for personnel with attributions in transport safety is based on two essential aspects: the legal obligation to perform it and the fact it is financed by the beneficiary (the employer). In patients suspected of OHT after antiglaucoma treatment, IOP statistically significantly decreased.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriel Zeno Munteanu
- Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, University of Oradea, 410087 Oradea, Romania; (G.Z.M.); (Z.V.I.M.); (G.R.); (C.M.D.); (L.G.D.); (M.C.C.)
| | - Zeno Virgiliu Ioan Munteanu
- Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, University of Oradea, 410087 Oradea, Romania; (G.Z.M.); (Z.V.I.M.); (G.R.); (C.M.D.); (L.G.D.); (M.C.C.)
| | - George Roiu
- Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, University of Oradea, 410087 Oradea, Romania; (G.Z.M.); (Z.V.I.M.); (G.R.); (C.M.D.); (L.G.D.); (M.C.C.)
| | - Cristian Marius Daina
- Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, University of Oradea, 410087 Oradea, Romania; (G.Z.M.); (Z.V.I.M.); (G.R.); (C.M.D.); (L.G.D.); (M.C.C.)
| | - Lucia Georgeta Daina
- Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, University of Oradea, 410087 Oradea, Romania; (G.Z.M.); (Z.V.I.M.); (G.R.); (C.M.D.); (L.G.D.); (M.C.C.)
| | - Mihaela Cristina Coroi
- Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, University of Oradea, 410087 Oradea, Romania; (G.Z.M.); (Z.V.I.M.); (G.R.); (C.M.D.); (L.G.D.); (M.C.C.)
| | - Carmen Domnariu
- Faculty of Medicine, Lucian Blaga University, 550169 Sibiu, Romania;
| | - Daniela Carmen Neculoiu
- Faculty of Medicine, George Emil Palade University of Medicine, Pharmacy, Sciences and Technology, 540142 Targu Mures, Romania;
| | | | - Dana Badau
- Petru Maior Faculty of Sciences and Letters, George Emil Palade University of Medicine, Pharmacy, Sciences and Technology, 540142 Targu Mures, Romania
- Interdisciplinary Doctoral School, Transilvania University, 500068 Brasov, Romania
- Correspondence:
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20
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Lee JS, Park S, Seong GJ, Kim CY, Lee SY, Choi W, Bae HW. Long-term Intraocular Pressure Fluctuation Is a Risk Factor for Visual Field Progression in Advanced Glaucoma. J Glaucoma 2022; 31:310-316. [PMID: 35283440 DOI: 10.1097/ijg.0000000000002011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2021] [Accepted: 02/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
PRCIS Intraocular pressure (IOP) fluctuations increase the risk of visual field progression of primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG) in the advanced stage even when IOP is maintained low on average. PURPOSE The purpose of this study was to identify risk factors associated with the progression of visual field defect in patients with advanced POAG. MATERIALS AND METHODS A retrospective review of medical records was conducted to identify patients who met the Hodapp-Parrish-Anderson criteria for advanced POAG. A total of 122 eyes of 122 patients had undergone IOP measurement with Goldmann applanation tonometer, standard automated perimetry, Cirrus optical coherence tomography, and fundus photography at 6-month intervals. Visual field progression was defined as the deterioration of a minimum of 3 visual field locations more than baseline at 5% levels in 4 consecutive visual fields with 24-2 SITA testing. RESULTS Thirty-six eyes of 122 eyes (29.5%, 51.9±13.9 y old) showed visual field progression during 100.7±44.2 months of follow-up. The progression group showed greater long-term IOP fluctuations (2.6±1.4 mm Hg) than the no progression group (53.5±13.5 y; 2.0±1.0 mm Hg, P=0.008). Disc hemorrhage was detected more frequently in the progression group (40.5% vs. 17.4%, P=0.005). Multivariate Cox regression analysis revealed long-term IOP fluctuations [hazard ratio (HR)=2.567, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.327-5.370, P=0.012] and disc hemorrhage (HR=2.351, 95% CI: 1.120-4.931, P=0.024) to be independent risk factors of visual field progression. Patients who showed both disc hemorrhage and long-term IOP fluctuations were at greater risks of progression (HR=2.675, 95% CI: 1.072-6.457, P=0.035). CONCLUSIONS Long-term IOP fluctuations and disc hemorrhage are independent and additive risk factors of visual field progression in advanced glaucoma even at low IOPs. Patients in whom these risk factors are identified require close monitoring and vigorous treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jihei Sara Lee
- Department of Ophthalmology, Severance Hospital, Institute of Vision Research, Yonsei University College of Medicine
| | - Sungeun Park
- Department of Ophthalmology, Severance Hospital, Institute of Vision Research, Yonsei University College of Medicine
| | - Gong Je Seong
- Department of Ophthalmology, Severance Hospital, Institute of Vision Research, Yonsei University College of Medicine
| | - Chan Yun Kim
- Department of Ophthalmology, Severance Hospital, Institute of Vision Research, Yonsei University College of Medicine
| | - Sang Yeop Lee
- Department of Ophthalmology, Severance Hospital, Institute of Vision Research, Yonsei University College of Medicine
- Department of Ophthalmology, Yongin Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Wungrak Choi
- Department of Ophthalmology, Severance Hospital, Institute of Vision Research, Yonsei University College of Medicine
| | - Hyoung Won Bae
- Department of Ophthalmology, Severance Hospital, Institute of Vision Research, Yonsei University College of Medicine
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21
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Huang X, Jin K, Zhu J, Xue Y, Si K, Zhang C, Meng S, Gong W, Ye J. A Structure-Related Fine-Grained Deep Learning System With Diversity Data for Universal Glaucoma Visual Field Grading. Front Med (Lausanne) 2022; 9:832920. [PMID: 35372429 PMCID: PMC8968343 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2022.832920] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2021] [Accepted: 02/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose Glaucoma is the main cause of irreversible blindness worldwide. However, the diagnosis and treatment of glaucoma remain difficult because of the lack of an effective glaucoma grading measure. In this study, we aimed to propose an artificial intelligence system to provide adequate assessment of glaucoma patients. Methods A total of 16,356 visual fields (VFs) measured by Octopus perimeters and Humphrey Field Analyzer (HFA) were collected, from three hospitals in China and the public Harvard database. We developed a fine-grained grading deep learning system, named FGGDL, to evaluate the VF loss, compared to ophthalmologists. Subsequently, we discuss the relationship between structural and functional damage for the comprehensive evaluation of glaucoma level. In addition, we developed an interactive interface and performed a cross-validation study to test its auxiliary ability. The performance was valued by F1 score, overall accuracy and area under the curve (AUC). Results The FGGDL achieved a high accuracy of 85 and 90%, and AUC of 0.93 and 0.90 for HFA and Octopus data, respectively. It was significantly superior (p < 0.01) to that of medical students and nearly equal (p = 0.614) to that of ophthalmic clinicians. For the cross-validation study, the diagnosis accuracy was almost improved (p < 0.05). Conclusion We proposed a deep learning system to grade VF of glaucoma with a high detection accuracy, for effective and adequate assessment for glaucoma patients. Besides, with the convenient and credible interface, this system can promote telemedicine and be used as a self-assessment tool for patients with long-duration diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoling Huang
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Kai Jin
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jiazhu Zhu
- Liangzhu Laboratory, Zhejiang University Medical Center, Hangzhou, China
- NHC and CAMS Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, MOE Frontier Science Center for Brain Science and Brain-Machine Integration, School of Brain Science and Brain Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Alibaba-Zhejiang University Joint Research Center of Future Digital Healthcare, Hangzhou, China
| | - Ying Xue
- Liangzhu Laboratory, Zhejiang University Medical Center, Hangzhou, China
- NHC and CAMS Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, MOE Frontier Science Center for Brain Science and Brain-Machine Integration, School of Brain Science and Brain Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Alibaba-Zhejiang University Joint Research Center of Future Digital Healthcare, Hangzhou, China
| | - Ke Si
- Liangzhu Laboratory, Zhejiang University Medical Center, Hangzhou, China
- NHC and CAMS Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, MOE Frontier Science Center for Brain Science and Brain-Machine Integration, School of Brain Science and Brain Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Alibaba-Zhejiang University Joint Research Center of Future Digital Healthcare, Hangzhou, China
| | - Chun Zhang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Restoration of Damaged Ocular Nerve, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Sukun Meng
- Department of Ophthalmology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Restoration of Damaged Ocular Nerve, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Wei Gong
- Liangzhu Laboratory, Zhejiang University Medical Center, Hangzhou, China
- NHC and CAMS Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, MOE Frontier Science Center for Brain Science and Brain-Machine Integration, School of Brain Science and Brain Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Alibaba-Zhejiang University Joint Research Center of Future Digital Healthcare, Hangzhou, China
- Wei Gong
| | - Juan Ye
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Juan Ye
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22
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Georgiev S, Palkovits S, Hirnschall N, Schlatter A, Leisser C, Findl O. Structure-function analysis of MP3 microperimetry versus Octopus perimetry in central glaucomatous visual field defects. Ophthalmic Res 2022; 65:437-445. [PMID: 35272298 DOI: 10.1159/000524005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2021] [Accepted: 03/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION To compare the structure-function relationship with microperimetry and Octopus perimetry in primary open angle glaucoma (POAG) patients with central visual field (VF) defects. METHODS 40 eyes of 24 patients with POAG were enrolled. Circumpapillary retinal nerve fiber layer (cpRNFL) analysis measured by spectral-domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT) of the superotemporal, temporal, and inferotemporal optic nerve head (ONH) sectors were related to corresponding microperimetric and Octopus VF clusters using the G2 grid-pattern with dynamic strategy, respectively. The structure-function relationships of both devices were assessed via a segmented regression, as well as linear regression across overall SD-OCT cpRNFL values and outside normative (<1%) SD-OCT cpRNFL values. RESULTS Linear and segmented regression fits were similar with both devices. Across overall cpRNFL sectorial values, structure-function relations for the superotemporal, temporal and inferotemporal sectors were R2=0.176 (p=<0.001), R2=0.008 (p=0.069), and R2=0.294 (p=<0.001) for microperimetry, and R2= 0.189 (p=<0.001), R2= 0.020 (p=0.002), and R2= 0.326 (p=<0.001) for Octopus perimetry. For corresponding values outside normative limits (<1%), the relationships were R2=0.113 (p=<0.001), R2=0.001 (p=0.836), and R2=0.420 (p=<0.001) for microperimetry, and R2= 0.192 (p=<0.001), R2= 0.002, (p=0.336), and R2= 0.366 (p=<0.001) for Octopus perimetry. DISCUSSION/CONCLUSION Structure-function analysis was similar for both devices. Fundus-tracking should be further evaluated in a longitudinal setting in patients affected by glaucoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefan Georgiev
- Department of Ophthalmology, Hanusch Hospital, Vienna Institute for Research in Ocular Surgery, Vienna, Austria,
| | - Stefan Palkovits
- Department of Ophthalmology, Hanusch Hospital, Vienna Institute for Research in Ocular Surgery, Vienna, Austria
| | - Nino Hirnschall
- Department of Ophthalmology, Hanusch Hospital, Vienna Institute for Research in Ocular Surgery, Vienna, Austria
| | - Andreas Schlatter
- Department of Ophthalmology, Hanusch Hospital, Vienna Institute for Research in Ocular Surgery, Vienna, Austria
| | - Christoph Leisser
- Department of Ophthalmology, Hanusch Hospital, Vienna Institute for Research in Ocular Surgery, Vienna, Austria
| | - Oliver Findl
- Department of Ophthalmology, Hanusch Hospital, Vienna Institute for Research in Ocular Surgery, Vienna, Austria
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23
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Awwad MH, Nada O, Hamdi MM, El-Shazly AAEF, Elwan S. Correlation Between Optical Coherence Tomography and Photopic Negative Response of Flash Electroretinography in Ganglion Cell Complex Assessment in Glaucoma Patients. Clin Ophthalmol 2022; 16:893-904. [PMID: 35356699 PMCID: PMC8958198 DOI: 10.2147/opth.s356436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2021] [Accepted: 03/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose To investigate the correlation between the photopic negative response (PhNR) of the light-adapted flash electroretinography (ERG) and measurements of standard automated perimetry (SAP) and optical coherence tomography (OCT) in assessment of retinal ganglion cells’ (RGCs) affection in glaucoma. Patients and Methods A cross-sectional study included 40 eyes of glaucoma patients and 40 eyes of age- and gender-matched normal subjects. Participants underwent a complete ophthalmologic assessment, SAP, OCT, and light-adapted flash ERG using the extended PhNR protocol of the International Society for Clinical Electrophysiology of Vision (ISCEV). Glaucomatous eyes were divided into 3 subgroups: mild (n = 15), moderate (n = 11) and severe glaucoma (n = 14) according to the mean deviation (MD) of SAP. Measurements of SAP, OCT and ERG parameters were analyzed, and correlations between PhNR measurements and other study measurements were evaluated. Results PhNR amplitudes and PhNR/b-wave ratios were significantly reduced in glaucoma cases compared to healthy controls, and they showed a significant and progressive decline across the three glaucoma subgroups (P < 0.05). An exception to this is PT (b-wave peak to PhNR trough) PhNR amplitude where its reduction was statistically non-significant when comparing between controls and mild glaucoma cases (P = 0.178), and between moderate and severe glaucoma cases (P = 0.714). PhNR amplitudes and PhNR/b-wave ratios correlated significantly with SAP and OCT parameters (P < 0.05). Conclusion PhNR correlates well with SAP and OCT parameters in glaucoma assessment. PhNR could be a valuable supplementary tool for objective assessment of the RGCs’ function in glaucoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Hasan Awwad
- Ophthalmology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
- Correspondence: Mohammad Hasan Awwad, Misr Lel Tayaran St., New Nozha, Cairo, 11843, Egypt, Tel +201003604524, Email
| | - Ossama Nada
- Ophthalmology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Momen Mahmoud Hamdi
- Ophthalmology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
| | | | - Sheriff Elwan
- Ophthalmology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
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Tigchelaar I, Waard D, Jansonius NM, Leinonen MT. Exploring the effect of glaucomatous visual field defects of current drivers on a neuropsychological test battery. Acta Ophthalmol 2022; 100:e463-e469. [PMID: 34328703 DOI: 10.1111/aos.14975] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2021] [Revised: 04/29/2021] [Accepted: 07/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE This study explores the effect of glaucomatous visual field defects on several neuropsychological tests that are often used in research and in clinical settings. METHODS Nineteen glaucoma patients and nineteen healthy participants, which are current drivers and older than 65 years old were included. All participants completed the Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA), the Trail Making Test (TMT), the Benton Visual Retention Test (BVRT), the Snellgrove Maze Task (SMT) and the Digit Span Test (DST). All participants were also tested on contrast sensitivity and near and far visual acuity. For the glaucoma patients, visual field tests were downloaded from hospital servers. RESULTS On the MoCA test, glaucoma patients scored lower than the healthy group, but not significantly. On the MoCA-Blind, the difference was statistically significant. Glaucoma patients also had lower percentile scores on the TMT, with a significant difference in the TMT-A, but this difference largely disappeared in the calculated TMT B-A index, which isolates the cognitive component. The BVRT and SMT showed no significant differences between both groups. In the only non-visual test, the DST, glaucoma patients outperformed the healthy group. Glaucoma severity did not influence results, except for the BVRT on which the moderate/severe group has better scores. CONCLUSION Using visual items might lead to conclusions about cognition when it should be one about vision. Therefore, careful selection of tests is needed when examining cognition in glaucoma patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iris Tigchelaar
- Ocusweep Turku Finland
- Department of Ophthalmology University Medical Center Groningen University of Groningen Groningen the Netherlands
- Turku University Hospital and University of Turku Turku Finland
| | - Dick Waard
- Department of Neuropsychology University of Groningen Groningen the Netherlands
| | - Nomdo M. Jansonius
- Department of Ophthalmology University Medical Center Groningen University of Groningen Groningen the Netherlands
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Wong D, Chua J, Tan B, Yao X, Chong R, Sng CCA, Husain R, Aung T, Garway-Heath D, Schmetterer L. Combining OCT and OCTA for Focal Structure-Function Modeling in Early Primary Open-Angle Glaucoma. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2021; 62:8. [PMID: 34878500 PMCID: PMC8662568 DOI: 10.1167/iovs.62.15.8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose To investigate modeling of the focal visual field (VF) loss by combining structural measurements and vascular measurements in eyes with early primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG). Methods In this cross-sectional study, subjects with early glaucoma (VF mean deviation, ≥−6 dB) underwent optical coherence tomography (OCT) imaging, optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA) imaging, and Humphrey 24-2 VF tests. Capillary perfusion densities (CPDs) were calculated after the removal of large vessels in the OCTA images. Focal associations between VF losses at the individual VF test locations, circumpapillary retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) thickness measurements from OCT, and CPDs were determined using nerve fiber trajectory tracings. Linear mixed models were used to model focal VF losses at each VF test location. Results Ninety-seven eyes with early POAG (VF mean deviation, −2.47 ± 1.64 dB) of 71 subjects were included. Focal VF modeling using a combined RNFL–CPD approach resulted in a median adjusted R2 value of 0.30 (interquartile range [IQR], 0.13–0.55), whereas the RNFL-only and CPD-only approaches resulted in median values of 0.22 (IQR, 0.10–0.51) and 0.26 (IQR, 0.10–0.52), respectively. Seventeen VF locations with the combined approach had an adjusted R2 value greater than 0.50. Likelihood testing at each VF test location showed that the combined approach performed significantly better at the superior nasal VF regions of the eyes compared with the univariate approaches. Conclusions Modeling of focal VF losses showed improvements when structural thickness and vascular parameters were included in tandem. Evaluation of VF defects in early glaucoma may benefit from considering both RNFL and OCTA characteristics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Damon Wong
- SERI-NTU Advanced Ocular Engineering (STANCE), Singapore.,School of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore.,Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore National Eye Centre, Singapore
| | - Jacqueline Chua
- Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore National Eye Centre, Singapore.,Academic Clinical Program, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore
| | - Bingyao Tan
- SERI-NTU Advanced Ocular Engineering (STANCE), Singapore.,School of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore.,Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore National Eye Centre, Singapore
| | - Xinwen Yao
- SERI-NTU Advanced Ocular Engineering (STANCE), Singapore.,School of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore.,Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore National Eye Centre, Singapore
| | - Rachel Chong
- Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore National Eye Centre, Singapore
| | - Chelvin C A Sng
- Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore National Eye Centre, Singapore.,Department of Ophthalmology, National University Hospital, Singapore
| | - Rahat Husain
- Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore National Eye Centre, Singapore
| | - Tin Aung
- Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore National Eye Centre, Singapore.,Academic Clinical Program, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore.,Department of Ophthalmology, National University Hospital, Singapore.,Department of Ophthalmology, National University Hospital, Singapore
| | - David Garway-Heath
- NIHR Biomedical Research Centre at Moorfields Eye Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom.,Institute of Ophthalmology, University College, London, United Kingdom
| | - Leopold Schmetterer
- SERI-NTU Advanced Ocular Engineering (STANCE), Singapore.,School of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore.,Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore National Eye Centre, Singapore.,Department of Ophthalmology, National University Hospital, Singapore.,Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.,Center for Medical Physics and Biomedical Engineering, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.,Institute of Molecular and Clinical Ophthalmology, Basel, Switzerland
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Erichev VP, Antonov AA, Vitkov AA, Grigoryan LA. [Static automated perimetry in the diagnosis of glaucoma. Part 2: Research protocol, glaucoma classifications, perimetric defects through the prism of structural-functional correlation]. Vestn Oftalmol 2021; 137:289-299. [PMID: 34669340 DOI: 10.17116/oftalma2021137052289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Examination of the central visual field is currently required for glaucoma diagnosis. Modern computer perimeters make it possible to qualitatively and quantitatively evaluate defects of light sensitivity. Perimetric indices are calculated showing the severity of the defects. This allows the use of perimetric results to create universal classifications of glaucoma. Recently, new perimeter programs based on optical coherence tomography data have appeared. The possibility of personalizing perimeter programs are being tested. This review attempts to systematize data on the capabilities of computer perimeters in assessing functional defects, presents the widely used glaucoma classifications, and describes ways of developing static perimetry programs for earlier diagnosis of glaucoma with respect to structural and functional correlations.
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Affiliation(s)
- V P Erichev
- Research Institute of Eye Diseases, Moscow, Russia
| | - A A Antonov
- Research Institute of Eye Diseases, Moscow, Russia
| | - A A Vitkov
- Research Institute of Eye Diseases, Moscow, Russia
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Gillespie BW, Niziol LM, Ehrlich JR, Johnson CA, Caprioli J, VanVeldhuisen PC, Lichter PR, Musch DC. Demographic, Comorbid, and Clinical Variables Associated With Pointwise Visual Field Damage in Glaucoma: Data From the AGIS and CIGTS Clinical Trials. Transl Vis Sci Technol 2021; 10:28. [PMID: 34665232 PMCID: PMC8543401 DOI: 10.1167/tvst.10.12.28] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose To investigate differences across the visual field (VF) in the rate of glaucomatous progression, the likelihood of defect in four disease severity cross-sections, and comparisons of subgroups in each of between 12 demographic, comorbid, and clinical variables. Methods Two long-term glaucoma clinical trials used Humphrey Field Analyzer 24-2 VFs to calculate pointwise deviations from age-matched normal controls. Slopes of glaucomatous progression over time were calculated per participant using linear mixed models. Pointwise differences between subgroups in slopes and cross-sectional categories were tested, adjusting for multiple comparisons using false discovery rate (FDR) and Q values. Results Pointwise data were available for 1118 patients who had 15,073 VFs. On average, defects were seen at all VF points. Of the 12 variables, six had average pointwise slopes where Subgroup 1 had significantly faster progression than Subgroup 2 at all or many of the 52 VF points: participants who were older (≥65 vs. younger), 52/52; were male, 13/52; had diabetes, 29/52; had hypertension, 46/52; had a larger cup-to-disc ratio (≥0.7), 36/52; or had larger differences in absolute mean deviation (MD) between eyes (>3 dB), 52/52. Cross-sectional patterns at MD severity of -12 to -6.1 dB showed strong midline effects for gender and other patterns for hypertension, cup-to-disc ratio, absolute difference in MD between eyes, and disc notching. Conclusions The approach used provides new longitudinal and cross-sectional insights into variation across the VF associated with demographic, comorbid, and clinical variables. Translational Relevance This exploration and characterization of variable effects in the setting of pointwise VF testing may enable clinicians to anticipate patterns of VF loss based on demographic, comorbid, and clinical associations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brenda W Gillespie
- Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Leslie M Niziol
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Medical School, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Joshua R Ehrlich
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Medical School, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Chris A Johnson
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - Joseph Caprioli
- Stein Eye Institute, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | | | - Paul R Lichter
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Medical School, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - David C Musch
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Medical School, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.,Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
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Rojananuangnit K. Corneal Hysteresis in Thais and Variation of Corneal Hysteresis in Glaucoma. CLINICAL OPTOMETRY 2021; 13:287-299. [PMID: 34629920 PMCID: PMC8493478 DOI: 10.2147/opto.s324187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2021] [Accepted: 09/16/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE To collect the normal value data of corneal hysteresis in Thais and study the variation of corneal hysteresis in glaucomatous eyes. METHODS Retrospective cross-sectional study of corneal hysteresis (CH) in healthy non-glaucomatous and glaucomatous eyes. Demographic data, type and staging of glaucoma, Goldmann applanation tonometry (GAT) and ocular response analyzer parameters; CH, corneal-compensated intraocular pressure (IOPcc) and Goldmann-correlated intraocular pressure (IOPg) were collected. RESULTS Data from one eye of 465 normal participants were included for the normal value data of CH. Mean CH, IOPcc and IOPg were 10.18 ± 1.48, 15.01 ± 3.04 and 14.16 ± 3.06 mmHg, respectively. Average age was 57.21 ± 14.4 years. CH at the fifth percentile was 8.0 mmHg. Women had significantly higher CH than men (10.29 ± 1.46 vs 9.90 ± 1.49 mmHg, p=0.009). Moderate negative correlation was found between age and CH, r = -0.338, p<0.001. There were 695 glaucomatous eyes from 429 patients including primary-open angle glaucoma (POAG), primary close-angle glaucoma (PACG), normal tension glaucoma (NTG) and ocular hypertension (OHT). CH in each glaucoma type and severity stage (early, moderate and severe) were as follows: POAG: 8.74 ± 1.52 mmHg (9.22 ± 1.47, 8.74 ± 1.23 and 7.92 ± 1.40 mmHg, p<0.001), PACG: 9.09 ± 1.72 mmHg (9.85 ± 1.45, 9.04 ± 1.68 and 8.45 ± 1.74 mmHg, p= 0.004), NTG: 9.55 ± 1.67 mmHg (9.47 ± 1.38, 9.75 ± 2.42 and 9.77 ± 1.34 mmHg, p 0.525) and OHT: 10.10 ± 1.40 mmHg. CONCLUSION Compared with normal value data of corneal hysteresis, CH in glaucomatous eyes was lower. The more advanced glaucoma stage was associated with lower CH. Arising from normal value data, a low percentile of CH could be applied as the deviation value from normal and this dynamic property of CH could represent a glaucoma predictor in an effort to improve glaucoma care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kulawan Rojananuangnit
- Glaucoma Unit, Ophthalmology Department, Mettapracharak (Wat Rai Khing) Hospital, Nakhon Pathom, Thailand
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Brusini P. Global Glaucoma Staging System (GGSS): A New Method to Simultaneously Assess the Severity of Both Functional and Structural Damage in Glaucoma. J Clin Med 2021; 10:4414. [PMID: 34640431 PMCID: PMC8509816 DOI: 10.3390/jcm10194414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2021] [Revised: 09/18/2021] [Accepted: 09/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The classification of damage in glaucoma is usually based either on visual field or optical coherent tomography (OCT) assessment. No currently available method is able to simultaneously categorize functional and structural damage. MATERIAL AND METHODS In this study, 283 patients with chronic open-angle glaucoma (OAG) at different stages and 67 healthy subjects were tested with both standard automated perimetry and spectral domain OCT for retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) assessment. The visual field data were classified using the Glaucoma Staging System 2, whereas OCT results were processed with the OCT Glaucoma Staging System. These data were used to create a new staging system (global glaucoma staging system, GGSS), in which the severity of visual field and RNFL damage is reported on the Y and X axis, respectively. The GGSS was tested in a different sample of 147 patients with manifest OAG, 56 with preperimetric glaucoma and 43 normal subjects. A six-stage clinical classification, based on the analysis of visual fields and optic disc appearance, was used as gold standard. RESULTS The GGSS was able to correctly classify in the same stage or within the immediately adjacent stages 145 cases on 147 (98.6%). Fifty-four preperimetric cases (96.4%) were classified as borderline or abnormal (Stage 1 or 2). Here, 41 normal eyes out of 43 were correctly classified as Stage 0, with a specificity of 95.3%. CONCLUSIONS Preliminary results from this study are encouraging and suggest that the new GGSS is able to provide information concerning the severity of structural and functional damage in an integrated manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paolo Brusini
- Department of Ophthalmology Health Clinic "Città di Udine", 33100 Udine, Italy
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Central-most Visual Field Defects in Early Glaucoma. J Glaucoma 2021; 30:e68-e75. [PMID: 33273288 DOI: 10.1097/ijg.0000000000001747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2020] [Accepted: 11/06/2020] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
PRCIS This study demonstrates the substantial association between visual field (VF) defect within the central-most 4 points in 24-2 VF and the VF defect exhibited by 10-2 test pattern relative to the initial defect in 24-2 VF. PURPOSE To evaluate the significance of central-most visual field defects (CMVFDs) in 24-2 VF in early glaucoma. METHODS This cross-sectional study examined 29 eyes of 28 glaucoma patients with CMVFDs. CMVFD was defined as a glaucomatous defect with at least 1 abnormal point at P<1% within the central 5 degrees on 3 consecutive 24-2 VF tests. 10-2 VFs were categorized into 3 groups by severity of pattern defects: deep arcuate, partial arcuate, and minimal defect. The deep arcuate group was interpreted as the most severe defect on the 10-2 VF. Mann-Whitney test was used to compare the perimetric parameters differences between 24-2 VFs with CMVFD and 10-2 VFs related to the initial defect. RESULTS CMVFD was observed in 82% eyes, predominantly in the superior hemifield (86%). Arcuate-like defects (72%) on the 10-2 VF were mostly in superior hemifield (82%). The deep arcuate group showed significantly worse mean deviation (MD) and pattern standard deviation (PSD), (MD= -9.1±4, PSD =10.7±2.1 dB), than partial arcuate and minimal defect groups (all P<0.001). Eyes with deep arcuate defect had severely depressed defect depth (-26 to -35 dB) and low sensitivity (<0 to 10 dB) at abnormal points in the central 5 degrees in 24-2 VF. A significant difference among deep arcuate, partial arcuate (P<0.001), and minimal defect groups (P<0.001) was observed at abnormal points' threshold sensitivity and defect depth. CONCLUSIONS Given the significance and effect of perimetric factors at abnormal test points in the central 5 degrees of 24-2 VFs, these eyes deserve attention to determine the severity of and functional impact on the CMVFD in early glaucoma by performing 10-2 test.
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Song D, Fu B, Li F, Xiong J, He J, Zhang X, Qiao Y. Deep Relation Transformer for Diagnosing Glaucoma With Optical Coherence Tomography and Visual Field Function. IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON MEDICAL IMAGING 2021; 40:2392-2402. [PMID: 33945474 DOI: 10.1109/tmi.2021.3077484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Glaucoma is the leading reason for irreversible blindness. Early detection and timely treatment of glaucoma are essential for preventing visual field loss or even blindness. In clinical practice, Optical Coherence Tomography (OCT) and Visual Field (VF) exams are two widely-used and complementary techniques for diagnosing glaucoma. OCT provides quantitative measurements of the optic nerve head (ONH) structure, while VF test is the functional assessment of peripheral vision. In this paper, we propose a Deep Relation Transformer (DRT) to perform glaucoma diagnosis with OCT and VF information combined. A novel deep reasoning mechanism is proposed to explore implicit pairwise relations between OCT and VF information in global and regional manners. With the pairwise relations, a carefully-designed deep transformer mechanism is developed to enhance the representation with complementary information for each modal. Based on reasoning and transformer mechanisms, three successive modules are designed to extract and collect valuable information for glaucoma diagnosis, the global relation module, the guided regional relation module, and the interaction transformer module, namely. Moreover, we build a large dataset, namely ZOC-OCT&VF dataset, which includes 1395 OCT-VF pairs for developing and evaluating our DRT. We conduct extensive experiments to validate the effectiveness of the proposed method. Experimental results show that our method achieves 88.3% accuracy and outperforms the existing single-modal approaches with a large margin. The codes and dataset will be publicly available in the future.
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Quaranta L, Micheletti E, Carassa R, Bruttini C, Fausto R, Katsanos A, Riva I. Efficacy and Safety of PreserFlo ® MicroShunt After a Failed Trabeculectomy in Eyes with Primary Open-Angle Glaucoma: A Retrospective Study. Adv Ther 2021; 38:4403-4412. [PMID: 34251652 PMCID: PMC8342380 DOI: 10.1007/s12325-021-01811-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2021] [Accepted: 05/27/2021] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Introduction To evaluate the efficacy and safety of PreserFlo® MicroShunt in primary open angle glaucoma (POAG) eyes after a single failed trabeculectomy. Methods Retrospective review of POAG eyes with a failed trabeculectomy that underwent PreserFlo® MicroShunt implantation from March 2019 to November 2019, in two Italian glaucoma centers. Pre- and postoperative data were collected and compared. Results A total of 31 surgeries in 31 patients were reviewed. Mean preoperative IOP and mean preoperative number of medications were 24.12 ± 3.14 mmHg and 3.29 ± 0.64, respectively, and decreased to 12.56 ± 2.64 mmHg and 0.46 ± 0.77 at the 12-month postoperative follow-up visit (p < 0.01). The most frequent adverse events were transient hypotony (6 eyes, 19.3%) and choroidal effusion (3 eyes, 9.6%). In all cases spontaneous resolution was observed, with no intervention. Conclusion In POAG eyes with a single failed trabeculectomy, the PreserFlo® MicroShunt was safe and effective in reducing the IOP after a 12-month follow-up. The PreserFlo® MicroShunt may represent a viable choice as a second surgery.
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Association of peripheral anterior synechiae with anterior segment parameters in eyes with primary angle closure glaucoma. Sci Rep 2021; 11:13906. [PMID: 34230538 PMCID: PMC8260708 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-93293-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2021] [Accepted: 06/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
To investigate the association of peripheral anterior synechiae (PAS) with intraocular pressure (IOP) and anterior-segment parameters in subjects with primary angle-closure glaucoma (PACG). A total of 267 subjects with PACG were recruited and underwent gonioscopy and anterior-segment optical coherence tomography (ASOCT). Customized software was used to measure ASOCT parameters, including angle opening distance (AOD750) and trabecular-iris-space-area (TISA750) at 750 µm from the scleral spur, anterior chamber depth, width, area and volume (ACD, ACW, ACA, ACV), iris thickness (IT750), iris area (IAREA), and lens vault (LV). Presenting IOP was defined as the first IOP reading before the initiation of IOP-lowering treatment. The mean age of the 267 subjects was 67.0 ± 8.9 years, 140 (52.4%) were male, and 246 (92.1%) were of Chinese ethnicity. PAS was present in 122 (45.7%) subjects, and was most frequently found in the superior quadrant (79.5%). Subjects with PAS had greater presenting IOP (28.7 ± 12.9 vs 22.4 ± 9.7 mmHg, p < 0.001), narrower AOD750 (p < 0.001), smaller TISA750 (p < 0.001), ACD (p = 0.04), ACA (p = 0.02), ACV (p = 0.01) and larger LV (p = 0.01) compared to PACG eyes without PAS. No significant differences were noted for iris parameters. A multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that higher presenting IOP (β = 0.20, p < 0.001), worse visual field mean deviation (β = - 0.20, p = 0.01) and narrower AOD750 (β = - 0.25, p = 0.03) were the only parameters that significantly correlated with the extent of PAS in clock hours. Almost one-half of the subjects with PACG demonstrated PAS; these eyes were associated with higher presenting IOP, smaller anterior segment dimensions and more severe disease.
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34
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Jiang J, Ye C, Zhang C, Ye W, Wang X, Shang X, Xu X, Zhang H, Zhang S, Zheng J, Zuo J, Hu J, Congdon N, Lu F, Liang Y. Intraocular asymmetry of visual field defects in primary angle-closure glaucoma, high-tension glaucoma, and normal-tension glaucoma in a Chinese population. Sci Rep 2021; 11:11674. [PMID: 34083622 PMCID: PMC8175365 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-91173-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2021] [Accepted: 05/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Direct comparison data on spatial patterns of visual field (VF) defects among primary angle-closure glaucoma (PACG), high-tension glaucoma (HTG) and normal-tension glaucoma (NTG) are not available. We aimed to compare the intraocular asymmetry of VF loss among patients with PACG, NTG and HTG across different severity levels. A total of 162 eyes of 114 patients with PACG, 111 eyes of 74 patients with HTG and 148 eyes of 102 patients with NTG were included. VF defects were categorized into 3 stages (early, moderate, and advanced), and each hemifield was divided into 5 regions according to the Glaucoma hemifield test (GHT). The mean total deviation (TD) of each GHT region was calculated. In the early stage, the paracentral, peripheral arcuate 1 and peripheral arcuate 2 regions in the superior hemifield in the NTG group had significantly worse mean TDs than their corresponding regions in the inferior hemifield. In the advanced stage, the central region in the superior hemifield in the PACG group had a significantly worse mean TD than that in the inferior hemifield. There was no significant difference in the mean TD for any of the five regions between hemifields across all severity levels in the in the HTG group. The superior hemifield was affected more severely than the inferior hemifield in all three subtypes of primary glaucoma. This asymmetric tendency was more pronounced in NTG than in PACG and HTG.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junhong Jiang
- Eye Hospital, School of Ophthalmology and Optometry, Wenzhou Medical University, No. 270 West College Road, Wenzhou, 325027, Zhejiang, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Ocular Disease, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Cong Ye
- Eye Hospital, School of Ophthalmology and Optometry, Wenzhou Medical University, No. 270 West College Road, Wenzhou, 325027, Zhejiang, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Ocular Disease, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Cong Zhang
- Eye Hospital, School of Ophthalmology and Optometry, Wenzhou Medical University, No. 270 West College Road, Wenzhou, 325027, Zhejiang, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Ocular Disease, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Wenqing Ye
- Eye Hospital, School of Ophthalmology and Optometry, Wenzhou Medical University, No. 270 West College Road, Wenzhou, 325027, Zhejiang, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Ocular Disease, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xiaoyan Wang
- Eye Hospital, School of Ophthalmology and Optometry, Wenzhou Medical University, No. 270 West College Road, Wenzhou, 325027, Zhejiang, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Ocular Disease, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xiao Shang
- Eye Hospital, School of Ophthalmology and Optometry, Wenzhou Medical University, No. 270 West College Road, Wenzhou, 325027, Zhejiang, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Ocular Disease, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xiang Xu
- Eye Hospital, School of Ophthalmology and Optometry, Wenzhou Medical University, No. 270 West College Road, Wenzhou, 325027, Zhejiang, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Ocular Disease, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Hongte Zhang
- Eye Hospital, School of Ophthalmology and Optometry, Wenzhou Medical University, No. 270 West College Road, Wenzhou, 325027, Zhejiang, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Ocular Disease, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Shaodan Zhang
- Eye Hospital, School of Ophthalmology and Optometry, Wenzhou Medical University, No. 270 West College Road, Wenzhou, 325027, Zhejiang, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Ocular Disease, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China.,Glaucoma Institute, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Jingwei Zheng
- Eye Hospital, School of Ophthalmology and Optometry, Wenzhou Medical University, No. 270 West College Road, Wenzhou, 325027, Zhejiang, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Ocular Disease, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Jingjing Zuo
- Eye Hospital, School of Ophthalmology and Optometry, Wenzhou Medical University, No. 270 West College Road, Wenzhou, 325027, Zhejiang, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Ocular Disease, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Jingjing Hu
- Eye Hospital, School of Ophthalmology and Optometry, Wenzhou Medical University, No. 270 West College Road, Wenzhou, 325027, Zhejiang, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Ocular Disease, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Nathan Congdon
- Centre for Public Health, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, UK
| | - Fan Lu
- Eye Hospital, School of Ophthalmology and Optometry, Wenzhou Medical University, No. 270 West College Road, Wenzhou, 325027, Zhejiang, China. .,National Clinical Research Center for Ocular Disease, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China.
| | - Yuanbo Liang
- Eye Hospital, School of Ophthalmology and Optometry, Wenzhou Medical University, No. 270 West College Road, Wenzhou, 325027, Zhejiang, China. .,National Clinical Research Center for Ocular Disease, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China. .,Glaucoma Institute, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China.
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Liu C, Umapathi RM, Atalay E, Schmetterer L, Husain R, Boey PY, Aung T, Nongpiur ME. The Effect of Medical Lowering of Intraocular Pressure on Peripapillary and Macular Blood Flow as Measured by Optical Coherence Tomography Angiography in Treatment-naive Eyes. J Glaucoma 2021; 30:465-472. [PMID: 33675336 DOI: 10.1097/ijg.0000000000001828] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2020] [Accepted: 02/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
PRCIS Reduction of intraocular pressure (IOP) by latanoprost in treatment-naive eyes is significantly correlated to an increase in vessel density (VD) at the optic nerve head (ONH). PURPOSE To evaluate the effect of topical latanoprost on ocular microvasculature using optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA). PATIENTS AND METHODS In this prospective case-control study, 26 eyes from 18 treatment-naive subjects in whom prostaglandin analogue (PGA) latanoprost 0.005% was initiated were included as cases. In 10 out of the 18 subjects, medication was initiated in only 1 eye; their contralateral untreated eyes were used as controls. OCTA (AngioVue, Optovue Inc., Fremont, CA) was performed at baseline and ≥3 weeks after commencing treatment. Main outcome measures were change in flow area and VD at the ONH, radial peripapillary capillaries (RPC), and macula. Comparison between the 2 visits was performed using a linear mixed model adjusted for intereye correlation and mean ocular perfusion pressure. RESULTS IOP decreased by 26.1%±11.3% (P<0.001) in the cases and 0.18%±12.2% (P=0.63) in controls. Significant correlations between change in IOP and change in ONH VD (correlation coefficient [r]=-0.42, P=0.04), and between change in IOP and change in RPC VD (r=-0.48, P=0.02) were observed in the cases, whereas none were observed in the controls. When multiple testing was considered, no significant changes in flow area and VD were observed in cases and controls. CONCLUSIONS The reduction of IOP by a PGA in treatment-naive eyes was significantly correlated to the increase in ONH VD and RPC VD. This may indicate a mechanism by which IOP reduction modulates the risk of glaucoma progression by improving ocular microperfusion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chang Liu
- Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore National Eye Centre
| | | | - Eray Atalay
- Department of Ophthalmology, Eskişehir Osmangazi University, Medical School, Eskişehir, Turkey
| | - Leopold Schmetterer
- Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore National Eye Centre
- Duke-NUS Graduate Medical School
- School of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering, Nanyang Technological University
- SERI-NTU Advanced Ocular Engineering (STANCE)
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology
- Center for Medical Physics and Biomedical Engineering, Medical University of Vienna, Wien, Austria
- Institute of Clinical and Experimental Ophthalmology, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Rahat Husain
- Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore National Eye Centre
| | - Pui Yi Boey
- Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore National Eye Centre
| | - Tin Aung
- Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore National Eye Centre
- Duke-NUS Graduate Medical School
- Department of Ophthalmology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Monisha E Nongpiur
- Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore National Eye Centre
- Duke-NUS Graduate Medical School
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Mossa EAM, Khallaf H, Sayed KM. Agreement between the newly developed OCT glaucoma staging system and the standardized visual field glaucoma staging system 2. Eur J Ophthalmol 2021; 32:11206721211014378. [PMID: 33938316 DOI: 10.1177/11206721211014378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The purpose of this research was to assess the agreement between the new optical coherence tomography (OCT) glaucoma staging system (GSS) and the visual field (VF) GSS 2 (GSS2). METHODS This is a cross-sectional study of 161 eyes of 110 patients with controlled primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG). All eyes were subjected to VF examination using standard automated perimetry and Humphrey field analyzer II 750. GSS2 was used for the classification of the VF defects' severity. OCT of the optic disc and the macular ganglion cell complex (GCC) was performed using RTVue. Patients were classified by OCT GSS into six stages. RESULTS The study examined 161 eyes of 110 patients with controlled POAG. The staging according to VF GSS2 was as follows: stage 0 (12.42%), border stage (12.42%), stage 1 (13.04%), stage 2 (14.29%), stage 3 (14.28%), stage 4 (14.28%), and stage 5 (19.25%). The staging by OCT GSS was as follows: stage 0 (18.6 %), border stage (17.3%), stage 1 (6.8%), stage 2 (9.31%), stage 3 (6%), stage 4 (11.8%), and stage 5 (30.43%). The sensitivity of the new OCT GSS was different in different stages of glaucoma. In this study, no normal control group was considered; thus, the specificity could not be calculated. There was moderate agreement between the two staging systems. CONCLUSIONS OCT GSS is a reliable and objective method for diagnosing and monitoring glaucoma. Correlations were found between GSS2, inferior and total macular GCC thickness values, and cup-to-disc ratios, so considering these items as additional parameters may make this new classification even more sensitive than VF GSS2.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Heba Khallaf
- Department of Ophthalmology, Sohag Faculty of Medicine, Sohag University, Sohag, Egypt
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Saifee M, Wu J, Liu Y, Ma P, Patlidanon J, Yu Y, Ying GS, Han Y. Development and Validation of Automated Visual Field Report Extraction Platform Using Computer Vision Tools. Front Med (Lausanne) 2021; 8:625487. [PMID: 33996848 PMCID: PMC8116600 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2021.625487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2020] [Accepted: 03/31/2021] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose: To introduce and validate hvf_extraction_script, an open-source software script for the automated extraction and structuring of metadata, value plot data, and percentile plot data from Humphrey visual field (HVF) report images. Methods: Validation was performed on 90 HVF reports over three different report layouts, including a total of 1,530 metadata fields, 15,536 value plot data points, and 10,210 percentile data points, between the computer script and four human extractors, compared against DICOM reference data. Computer extraction and human extraction were compared on extraction time as well as accuracy of extraction for metadata, value plot data, and percentile plot data. Results: Computer extraction required 4.9-8.9 s per report, compared to the 6.5-19 min required by human extractors, representing a more than 40-fold difference in extraction speed. Computer metadata extraction error rate varied from an aggregate 1.2-3.5%, compared to 0.2-9.2% for human metadata extraction across all layouts. Computer value data point extraction had an aggregate error rate of 0.9% for version 1, <0.01% in version 2, and 0.15% in version 3, compared to 0.8-9.2% aggregate error rate for human extraction. Computer percentile data point extraction similarly had very low error rates, with no errors occurring in version 1 and 2, and 0.06% error rate in version 3, compared to 0.06-12.2% error rate for human extraction. Conclusions: This study introduces and validates hvf_extraction_script, an open-source tool for fast, accurate, automated data extraction of HVF reports to facilitate analysis of large-volume HVF datasets, and demonstrates the value of image processing tools in facilitating faster and cheaper large-volume data extraction in research settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Murtaza Saifee
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States
| | - Jian Wu
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States.,Beijing Ophthalmology and Visual Science Key Lab, Beijing Tongren Eye Center, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Beijing Institute of Ophthalmology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Yingna Liu
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States
| | - Ping Ma
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States.,Department of Ophthalmology, Shandong Provincial Hospital, Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, China
| | - Jutima Patlidanon
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States.,Department of Ophthalmology, Bhumibol Adulyadej Hospital, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Yinxi Yu
- Center for Preventive Ophthalmology and Biostatistics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Gui-Shuang Ying
- Center for Preventive Ophthalmology and Biostatistics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Ying Han
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States.,Ophthalmology Section, Surgical Service, San Francisco Veterans Affairs Medical Center, San Francisco, CA, United States
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Phu J, Agar A, Wang H, Masselos K, Kalloniatis M. Management of open‐angle glaucoma by primary eye‐care practitioners: toward a personalised medicine approach. Clin Exp Optom 2021; 104:367-384. [DOI: 10.1111/cxo.13114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Jack Phu
- Centre for Eye Health, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
| | - Ashish Agar
- School of Optometry and Vision Science, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
| | - Henrietta Wang
- Centre for Eye Health, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
| | - Katherine Masselos
- School of Optometry and Vision Science, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
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A simplified combined index of structure and function for detecting and staging glaucomatous damage. Sci Rep 2021; 11:3172. [PMID: 33542367 PMCID: PMC7862440 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-82756-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2020] [Accepted: 01/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Glaucomatous damage results in characteristics structural and functional changes on optical coherence tomography (OCT) imaging and standard automated perimetry (SAP) testing. The clinical utility of these measures differs based on disease severity, as they are evaluated along different measurement scales. This study therefore sought to examine if a simplified combined structure-function index (sCSFI) could improve the detection and staging of glaucomatous damage, compared to the use of average retinal nerve fiber layer thickness (RNFL) measurements from OCT and mean deviation (MD) values from SAP alone, and also an estimated retinal ganglion cell counts (eRGC) measure derived using empirical formulas described previously. Examining 577 eyes from 354 participants with perimetric glaucoma and 241 normal eyes from 138 healthy participants, we found that the sCSFI performed significantly better than average RNFL, MD and eRGC count for discriminating between glaucoma and healthy eyes (P ≤ 0.008 for all). The sCSFI also performed significantly better than RNFL and eRGC count at discriminating between different levels of visual field damage in glaucoma eyes (P < 0.001 for both). These findings highlight the clinical utility of combining structural and functional information for detecting and staging glaucomatous damage using the simplified index developed in this study.
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40
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Mazumdar D, Meethal NSK, George R, Pel JJM. Saccadic reaction time in mirror image sectors across horizontal meridian in eye movement perimetry. Sci Rep 2021; 11:2630. [PMID: 33514780 PMCID: PMC7846759 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-81762-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2020] [Accepted: 12/28/2020] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
In eye movement perimetry (EMP), the saccadic reaction time (SRT) to ‘seen’ visual stimuli are delayed in glaucoma. Evaluating SRT behaviour in hemi-field sectors could refine its clinical implication. The development phase included 60 controls retrospectively and for the test cohort in evaluation phase, another 30 healthy subjects and 30 glaucoma patients were recruited prospectively. The SRTs were used to calculate the normative limits within 5 predefined hemi-field sectors. Scores were assigned to probabilities for SRT at the level of 5%, 2.5% 1% and 0.5%. Per sector pair, a probability score limit (PSL) was calculated at each of the four levels and were compared with the scores obtained from the test cohort. The classification accuracy ‘normal versus abnormal’ was assessed for PSL in EMP and compared with glaucoma hemi-field test in standard automated perimetry. We found no statistically significant differences in SRTs between the mirror sectors in healthy subjects. The PSL at 2.5% had moderate classification accuracy with a specificity of 77% and sensitivity 70%. This could be suggestive of an SRT delay in the overall visual field in glaucoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deepmala Mazumdar
- Vestibular and Ocular Motor Research Group, Department of Neuroscience, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.,Medical and Vision Research Foundation, Chennai, India
| | - Najiya S Kadavath Meethal
- Vestibular and Ocular Motor Research Group, Department of Neuroscience, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.,Medical and Vision Research Foundation, Chennai, India
| | - Ronnie George
- Medical and Vision Research Foundation, Chennai, India
| | - Johan J M Pel
- Vestibular and Ocular Motor Research Group, Department of Neuroscience, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands. .,Department of Neuroscience, Room EE 1453, Erasmus MC, PO Box 2040, 3000 CA, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
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Nongpiur ME, Verma S, Tun TA, Wong TT, Perera SA, Aung T. Plateau Iris and Severity of Primary Angle Closure Glaucoma. Am J Ophthalmol 2020; 220:1-8. [PMID: 32735788 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajo.2020.07.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2020] [Revised: 07/21/2020] [Accepted: 07/21/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To compare the distribution of plateau iris in eyes across varying severity of primary angle closure glaucoma (PACG) using standardized ultrasound biomicroscopy (UBM) criteria. DESIGN Cross-sectional study. METHODS UBM was performed on 210 patients with PACG who had previously undergone laser peripheral iridotomy. Plateau iris was defined as the presence of all the following UBM criteria in ≥2 quadrants of the angle: anteriorly directed ciliary body, absent ciliary sulcus, iris angulation, flat iris plane, and iridotrabecular contact. Disease severity was based on the visual field mean deviation (MD) and classified as early-to-moderate (MD ≥ -12 dB), advanced (-12.01 dB to -20 dB), and severe (MD < -20 dB). RESULTS Of 210 subjects recruited, 23 were excluded because of poor quality UBM images. The remaining 187 patients were categorized as having early-to-moderate (n = 103), advanced (n = 38), and severe PACG (n = 46). Of these subjects, 48.1% were male, and 90.9% were of Chinese ethnicity. The overall proportion of plateau iris was 36.9%, with 32.0% (33/103) in early-to-moderate, 34.2% (13/38) in advanced, and 50% (23/46) in severe PACG (P = .03, comparing severe PACG with early-to-moderate groups). Among the severe PACG group, those with plateau iris configuration had significantly smaller anterior chamber area (P = .03) and volume (P = .01) compared with those without plateau iris. CONCLUSION The higher proportion of plateau iris configuration in eyes with severe PACG compared with early-to-moderate PACG suggest that this may be a contributory factor for disease severity.
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Freeman EE, Li G. Reply. Ophthalmology 2020; 127:e90-e91. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ophtha.2020.05.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2020] [Accepted: 05/06/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
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43
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Carichino L, Harris A, Lapin S, Guidoboni G, Cassani S, De Silvestri A, Tinelli C, Milano G, Siesky B, Verticchio Vercellin AC. Waveform parameters of retrobulbar vessels in glaucoma patients with different demographics and disease severity. Eur J Ophthalmol 2020; 30:1019-1027. [DOI: 10.1177/1120672119848259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Introduction: To identify novel velocity waveform parameters of the ophthalmic artery and central retinal artery by computer-aided image processing of Doppler ultrasonography measurements, and to evaluate correlations between the waveform parameters and different demographics and disease severity of open-angle glaucoma patients. Methods: Thirty-six images of 36 open-angle glaucoma patients were considered. A semiautomated image processing code was used to detect the digitalized ophthalmic artery and central retinal artery velocity waveforms and to extract the waveform parameters. Concordance correlation coefficient, two-sample t-test, and Pearson’s correlation coefficient were used to test for similarities, differences, and associations among variables. Results: Female glaucoma patients showed a statistically higher ophthalmic artery normalized distance between ascending and descending limb (p = 0.004), hypertensive glaucoma patients a statistically higher ophthalmic artery peak systolic velocity time (p = 0.025), glaucoma patients with hyperlipidemia a statistically higher ophthalmic artery resistivity index (p = 0.023) and a statistically higher ophthalmic artery peak systolic velocity acceleration (p = 0.025), glaucoma patients with cardiovascular diseases a statistically lower central retinal artery normalized distance between ascending and descending limb of the wave (p = 0.033) and a statistically higher central retinal artery period (p = 0.028), and patients with different body mass index a statistically different central retinal artery normalized distance between ascending and descending limb of the wave (p = 0.016). Groups with different disease severity, classified following the Brusini glaucoma staging system 2, showed statistically different central retinal artery normalized distance between ascending and descending limb of the wave (p < 0.001) and central retinal artery period (p = 0.016). No statistical differences were found in regard to race, diabetes status, glaucoma family history, and smoking. Discussion: Ophthalmic artery and central retinal artery computer-aided analysis of velocity waveforms could identify novel waveform parameters capable of differentiating among different demographics and disease severity of open-angle glaucoma patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucia Carichino
- Department of Mathematical Sciences, Worcester Polytechnic Institute, Worcester, MA, USA
| | - Alon Harris
- Department of Ophthalmology, Eugene and Marilyn Glick Eye Institute, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Sergey Lapin
- Department of Mathematics and Statistics, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, USA
| | - Giovanna Guidoboni
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA
| | - Simone Cassani
- Department of Mathematical Sciences, Worcester Polytechnic Institute, Worcester, MA, USA
| | - Annalisa De Silvestri
- Clinical Epidemiology and Biometric Unit, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico, Policlinico San Matteo, Pavia, Italy
| | - Carmine Tinelli
- Clinical Epidemiology and Biometric Unit, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico, Policlinico San Matteo, Pavia, Italy
| | - Giovanni Milano
- University Eye Clinic, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico, Policlinico San Matteo, Pavia, Italy
| | - Brent Siesky
- Department of Ophthalmology, Eugene and Marilyn Glick Eye Institute, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
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Hoang TT, Van Bui A, Nguyen V, McCluskey PJ, Grigg JR, Skalicky SE. Response to: "Comment on: 'Comparison of perimetric glaucoma staging systems in Asians with primary glaucoma'". Eye (Lond) 2020; 35:2327-2328. [PMID: 32826995 DOI: 10.1038/s41433-020-01149-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2020] [Revised: 07/30/2020] [Accepted: 08/13/2020] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Tung Thanh Hoang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Hanoi Medical University, Hanoi, Vietnam. .,Save Sight Institute, The University of Sydney School of Medicine, Sydney, NSW, Australia.
| | - Anh Van Bui
- Glaucoma Department, Vietnam National Institute of Ophthalmology, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Vuong Nguyen
- Save Sight Institute, The University of Sydney School of Medicine, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Peter J McCluskey
- Save Sight Institute, The University of Sydney School of Medicine, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - John R Grigg
- Save Sight Institute, The University of Sydney School of Medicine, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Simon Edward Skalicky
- Save Sight Institute, The University of Sydney School of Medicine, Sydney, NSW, Australia.,Department of Surgery and Ophthalmology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
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Hu H, Li P, Yu X, Wei W, He H, Zhang X. Associations of Ganglion Cell-Inner Plexiform Layer and Optic Nerve Head Parameters with Visual Field Sensitivity in Advanced Glaucoma. Ophthalmic Res 2020; 64:310-320. [PMID: 32731219 DOI: 10.1159/000510572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2020] [Accepted: 07/28/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To evaluate the associations of optical coherence tomography (OCT)-derived macular ganglion cell-inner plexiform layer thickness (mGCIPLT), circumpapillary retinal nerve fiber layer thickness (cpRNFLT), and optic nerve head (ONH) parameters with visual field (VF) sensitivity in advanced glaucoma. METHODS In this cross-sectional study, 102 eyes from 102 patients with advanced glaucoma (defined as a 24-2 VF mean deviation (MD) of ≤-12 dB) were included. mGCIPLT, cpRNFLT, and ONH parameters (including the rim area, average cup-to-disc [C:D] ratio, and vertical C:D ratio) were measured using Cirrus high-definition OCT, and 24-2 and 10-2 VF sensitivity tests were performed using standard automated perimetry. Pearson correlations and linear models were used to analyze relationships between OCT-derived parameters and VF parameters. RESULTS The mGCIPLT and rim area were significantly positively correlated with the 24-2 VF MD, 24-2 VF pattern standard deviation, 24-2 VF visual field index, and 10-2 VF MD, but cpRNFLT was not significantly correlated with VF parameters. In addition, the average and vertical C:D ratios were significantly negatively correlated with VF parameters. The mGCIPLT and rim area were significantly positively correlated with the 10-2 VF MD (r ranging between 0.542 and 0.621, p < 0.001), while the average and vertical C:D ratios were significantly negatively correlated with the 10-2 VF MD (r = -0.537, p < 0.001, and r = -0.428, p < 0.001, respectively). Each 1-µm change in the average mGCIPLT was associated with an approximately 0.368-dB change in the 24-2 VF MD and 0.677-dB change in the 10-2 VF MD (R2 = 0.268, p < 0.001, and R2 = 0.385, p < 0.001, respectively). The 10-2 VF MD showed a significantly stronger association with inferonasal mGCIPLT than did the 24-2 VF MD in advanced glaucoma (p = 0.007). CONCLUSIONS mGCIPLT and ONH parameters were associated with the severity of VF damage and reflected functional damage better than cpRNFLT in advanced glaucoma. Our results suggested that structural measurements of mGCIPLT and ONH parameters and functional measurement of the 10-2 VF may be useful for monitoring progression in advanced glaucoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haijian Hu
- Jiangxi Clinical Research Center for Ophthalmic Disease, Jiangxi Research Institute of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Affiliated Eye Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Ping Li
- Jiangxi Clinical Research Center for Ophthalmic Disease, Jiangxi Research Institute of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Affiliated Eye Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Xueqing Yu
- Jiangxi Clinical Research Center for Ophthalmic Disease, Jiangxi Research Institute of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Affiliated Eye Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Wei Wei
- Jiangxi Clinical Research Center for Ophthalmic Disease, Jiangxi Research Institute of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Affiliated Eye Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Hai He
- Jiangxi Clinical Research Center for Ophthalmic Disease, Jiangxi Research Institute of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Affiliated Eye Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Xu Zhang
- Jiangxi Clinical Research Center for Ophthalmic Disease, Jiangxi Research Institute of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Affiliated Eye Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China,
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Evaluation of Primary Angle-Closure Glaucoma Susceptibility Loci for Estimating Angle Closure Disease Severity. Ophthalmology 2020; 128:403-409. [PMID: 32682838 DOI: 10.1016/j.ophtha.2020.07.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2020] [Revised: 07/06/2020] [Accepted: 07/08/2020] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE To investigate whether recently identified genetic loci for primary angle-closure glaucoma (PACG) are associated with disease severity. DESIGN Case-control study. PARTICIPANTS Eight hundred four PACG patients and 943 control participants of Chinese ethnicity from Singapore. METHODS The 8 PACG-associated single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs; rs11024102 at PLEKHA7, rs3753841 at COL11A1, rs1015213 located between PCMTD1 and ST18 on chromosome 8q, rs3816415 at EPDR1, rs1258267 at CHAT, rs736893 at GLIS3, rs7494379 at FERMT2, and rs3739821 mapping in between DPM2 and FAM102A) identified from genome-wide association studies were tested for association with disease severity using logistic regression adjusted for age and gender. A P value of 0.006 was set as significant after Bonferroni correction for testing of 8 loci. We also calculated the weighted genetic risk score (GRS) weighted by the estimated individual SNP effect size on PACG calculated as logarithm of the odds ratio (OR). Disease severity was based on the visual field mean deviation (MD) and classified as early to moderate (MD, >-12 dB) and severe (MD, <-20 dB). MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Association of PACG loci with severe disease. RESULTS Of the 804 PACG patients, genotyping data were available for 768 individuals and included 436 with mild-to-moderate PACG and 206 with severe PACG. The PACG patients were significantly older (mean age, 64.3 ± 9.1 years vs. 56.4 ± 8.9 years; P < 0.001) and there were proportionately more women compared with control participants (58.4% vs. 49.0%; P < 0.001). Of the 8 loci investigated, we observed significant evidence of association with severe PACG at 1 SNP, namely rs3816415 in EPDR1 (OR, 2.03; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.49-2.78; P = 1 × 10-5). A higher-weighted GRS was associated significantly with severe PACG, with an OR of 3.11 (95% CI, 1.95-4.96) comparing the lowest quartile with the highest quartile. CONCLUSIONS Our results show that EPDR1 is associated significantly with severe PACG, suggesting that it may predispose patients to more aggressive disease development. Individuals with PACG with a higher GRS were associated with a higher risk of severe PACG.
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Macular Vascular Microcirculation in Eyes With Open-angle Glaucoma Using Different Visual Field Severity Classification Systems. J Glaucoma 2020; 28:790-796. [PMID: 31233458 DOI: 10.1097/ijg.0000000000001308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
PRECIS We found significant differences in macular vascular microcirculation between normal and glaucomatous eyes using optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA). Macular vascular microcirculation changes also showed significant correlations with visual field (VF) severity classification systems. PURPOSE To correlate VF severity defined by different classification systems and macular vascular microcirculation in eyes with glaucoma using OCTA. PATIENTS AND METHODS Twenty normal and 58 open-angle glaucoma (OAG) eyes were scanned using a swept-source OCTA (Plex Elite 9000) and macular vascular microcirculation was measured by calculating the overall blood flux index (BFI) and vessel area density (VAD) over the entire 6×6 mm area excluding the big retinal vessels. Glaucomatous eyes were staged into severity groups based on 4 VF severity classifications: Hodapp-Parrish-Anderson scale, Glaucoma Severity Staging system, ICD-10 glaucoma staging definitions, and VF mean deviation. Central 10-degree VF mean sensitivity (CMS) was calculated based on 24-2 VF. One-way analysis of variance was used to analyze the differences and correlation between macular vascular microcirculation and other clinical parameters. RESULTS Glaucomatous eyes had significantly lower ganglion cell and inner plexiform layer BFI and VAD (P<0.0001) compared with normal eyes. In OAG patients, BFI and VAD were significantly higher in mild OAG compared with severe OAG with all VF disease severity classification systems (P<0.001). Glaucoma Severity Staging had the highest correlation with changes in macular vascular microcirculation metrics (r=0.734 for BFI; r=0.647 for VAD) and VF CMS had highest correlation with macular vascular microcirculation metrics (r=0.887 for BFI; r=0.903 for VAD). CONCLUSION Macular vascular microcirculation metrics detected by OCTA correlate with disease severity in glaucomatous eyes. VF CMS, calculated from only 12 tested central 10-degree points, correlated best with macular OCTA.
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Correlations Between Subjective Evaluation of Quality of Life, Visual Field Loss, and Performance in Simulated Activities of Daily Living in Glaucoma Patients. J Glaucoma 2020; 29:970-974. [DOI: 10.1097/ijg.0000000000001597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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49
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Hoang TT, Van Bui A, Nguyen V, McCluskey PJ, Grigg JR, Skalicky SE. Comparison of perimetric Glaucoma Staging Systems in Asians with primary glaucoma. Eye (Lond) 2020; 35:973-978. [PMID: 32518400 DOI: 10.1038/s41433-020-1012-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2019] [Revised: 05/27/2020] [Accepted: 05/28/2020] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND To compare functional staging classifications in Vietnamese patients with primary open angle glaucoma (POAG) and chronic primary angle closure glaucoma (PACG). METHODS A retrospective cross-section study was conducted at a national setting. Two hundred seven eyes of 207 patients were recruited. Patients were tested with standard automated perimetry. Field loss was generally classified in four stages (normal, early, moderate, and severe), using four classification strategies: (1) Hodapp-Parrish-Anderson (HPA), (2) enhanced Glaucoma Staging System (eGSS), (3) modified Glaucoma Staging System (mGSS) and (4) the Advanced Glaucoma Intervention Study (AGIS). AGIS as a standard method was used to judge the staging performance of the other three classifications in terms of agreement (Cohen Kappa-K) and association (Chi-Square Test-Cramer's V). RESULTS The agreement between AGIS and mGSS (K = 0.687; p < 0.001) and HPA (K = 0.686; p < 0.001) was substantial while that between AGIS and eGSS was slight (K = 0.103; p < 0.001). The association between AGIS and mGSS (V = 0.748; p < 0.001) and HPA (V = 0.748; p < 0.001) was greater than eGSS (V = 0.594; p < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS MGSS and HPA showed stronger agreement and closer association with AGIS than eGSS. We recommend mGSS should be used in managing a glaucoma clinic because of its simplicity and convenience over HPA and AGIS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tung Thanh Hoang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Hanoi Medical University, Hanoi, Vietnam. .,Save Sight Institute, The University of Sydney School of Medicine, Camperdown, NSW, Australia.
| | - Anh Van Bui
- Glaucoma Department, Vietnam National Institute of Ophthalmology, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Vuong Nguyen
- Save Sight Institute, The University of Sydney School of Medicine, Camperdown, NSW, Australia
| | - Peter J McCluskey
- Save Sight Institute, The University of Sydney School of Medicine, Camperdown, NSW, Australia
| | - John R Grigg
- Save Sight Institute, The University of Sydney School of Medicine, Camperdown, NSW, Australia
| | - Simon Edward Skalicky
- Save Sight Institute, The University of Sydney School of Medicine, Camperdown, NSW, Australia.,Department of Surgery and Ophthalmology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
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50
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Thakur A, Goldbaum M, Yousefi S. Convex Representations Using Deep Archetypal Analysis for Predicting Glaucoma. IEEE JOURNAL OF TRANSLATIONAL ENGINEERING IN HEALTH AND MEDICINE 2020; 8:3800107. [PMID: 32596065 PMCID: PMC7316201 DOI: 10.1109/jtehm.2020.2982150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2020] [Revised: 03/03/2020] [Accepted: 03/16/2020] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Goal: The purpose of this study was to identify clinically relevant patterns of glaucomatous vision loss through convex representation to predict glaucoma several years prior to disease onset. Methods: We developed a deep archetypal analysis to identify patterns of glaucomatous vision loss, and then projected visual fields over the identified patterns. Projections provided a representation that was more accurate in detecting glaucomatous vision loss, thus, more appropriate for recognizing preclinical signs of glaucoma prior to disease development. To overcome the class imbalance in prediction, we implemented a class-balanced bagging with neural networks. Results: Using original visual field as features of the class-balanced bagging classification provided an area under the receiver-operating characteristic curve (AUC) of 0.55 for predicting glaucoma approximately four years prior to disease development. Using convex representation of the visual fields as input features provided an AUC of 0.61 while using deep convex representation as input features improved the AUC to 0.71. Relevance vector machine (RVM) achieved an AUC of 0.64. Conclusion: Deep archetypal analysis representation of visual functional features with balanced bagging classification could serve as an automated tool for predicting glaucoma. Significance: Glaucoma is the second leading cause of worldwide blindness. Most people with glaucoma have no early symptoms or pain, delaying diagnosis in many patients until they reach late irreversible vision loss stages. In fact, about 50% of people with glaucoma are unaware they have the disease. Deep archetypal analysis models may impact clinical practice in effectively identifying at-risk glaucoma patients well prior to disease development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anshul Thakur
- School of Computing and Electrical EngineeringIndian Institute of Technology MandiMandi175005India
| | - Michael Goldbaum
- Department of OphthalmologyUniversity of California San DiegoSan DiegoCA92093USA
| | - Siamak Yousefi
- Department of OphthalmologyThe University of Tennessee Health Science CenterMemphisTN38163USA
- Department of Genetics, Genomics, and InformaticsThe University of Tennessee Health Science CenterMemphisTN38163USA
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