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Alshomar KM, Alkatan HM, Al-Razqan HM, Al-Saleh AS, Alzendi NA. Corneal myxoma following micro-pulse cyclophotocoagulation in a young female: A case report. Int J Surg Case Rep 2024; 119:109677. [PMID: 38710120 PMCID: PMC11074958 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijscr.2024.109677] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2024] [Revised: 04/08/2024] [Accepted: 04/19/2024] [Indexed: 05/08/2024] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Corneal myxoma is a rare benign tumor that can occur in the cornea where the exact cause remains unknown. However, it is thought to be a reactive process that can be caused by corneal infections, ectasia, ocular trauma, or surgery. PRESENTATION OF CASE In this case report, we describe a 35-year-old-woman who presented with corneal myxoma after micro-pulse cyclophotocoagulation (MPCPC). The patient presented with decreased vision due to a large pedunculated white corneal mass after being treated with MPCPC as a non-surgical management of her pre-existing glaucoma. The corneal mass was localized to the sub-epithelial space and was excised successfully by a minimal invasive procedure without recurrence over a 1-year period. DISCUSSION Corneal myxomas are unusual benign tumors typically seen in adults as whitish gelatinous lesion. Only a few individual cases and case series have been reported in the literature. The exact pathogenesis is yet to be known. The lesion is thought to be due to an inflammatory process. We are reporting a case of corneal myxoma that has occurred after MPCPC which is a non-surgical cyclodestructive procedure. The procedure has not been mentioned previously as a risk factor for corneal myxoma. Our case is the first corneal myxoma developing after MPCPC. CONCLUSION We report a corneal myxoma noted in a young female after a non-surgical laser procedure. Though the lesion is rare, it should be considered in physicians' differential of a corneal mass especially in the presence of chronic ocular.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khalid M Alshomar
- Ad Diriyah Hospital, Riyadh Third Health Cluster (Ministry of Health), Ad Diriyah, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Hind M Alkatan
- Department of Ophthalmology, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia; King Saud University Medical City, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia; Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hussam M Al-Razqan
- Anterior Segment Division, King Khaled Eye Specialist Hospital, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ahmed S Al-Saleh
- Anterior Segment Division, King Khaled Eye Specialist Hospital, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Nouf A Alzendi
- Glaucoma Division, King Khaled Eye Specialist Hospital, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
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Al-Qahtani BS, Alkatan HM, Khandekar R, Al-Salem A, Al-Swailem SA. Clinical features and histopathological analysis of corneal myxoma. Sci Rep 2022; 12:11207. [PMID: 35778593 PMCID: PMC9249855 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-15475-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2022] [Accepted: 06/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
To describe the presentation, histopathological characteristics, and management outcomes for corneal myxoma. This one-armed cohort study evaluated histologically confirmed consecutive cases of corneal myxoma. Data were evaluated on demographics, clinical presentation, management, histopathological and immunohistochemical features, and outcomes; visual acuity and corneal clarity. The study sample was comprised of 10 eyes (10 patients). The median age at presentation was 10.5 years. Five eyes had high intraocular pressure, four eyes had decreased distance visual acuity and one eye became discolored. Surgical management included penetrating keratoplasty (8 eyes), phototherapeutic keratectomy (1 eye), and evisceration because of a blind painful eye (1 eye). Postoperative best-corrected distance vision ranged from 20/20 to 20/60 (1 eye), < 20/60 to 20/200 (2 eyes), < 20/200 to 20/400 (1 eye), < 20/200 to light perception (4 eyes) and no light perception (1 eye). The histopathology of these lesions showed typical subepithelial proliferating spindle-shaped cells of mesenchymal origin within a myxoid stroma rich in glycosaminoglycan. The median duration of follow-up was 5 years. Recurrence was observed in an eye that underwent local excision. Corneal myxoma is a rare lesion that is presumably isolated, secondary, and reactive in nature. Surgically management yields reasonably favorable outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bader S Al-Qahtani
- Research Department, King Khaled Eye Specialist Hospital, PO Box 7191, Riyadh, 11462, Saudi Arabia.,Ophthalmolmology Department, King Faisal Specialist Hospital, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hind M Alkatan
- Ophthalmology Department, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.,King Saud University Medical City, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Rajiv Khandekar
- Research Department, King Khaled Eye Specialist Hospital, PO Box 7191, Riyadh, 11462, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ahmed Al-Salem
- Research Department, King Khaled Eye Specialist Hospital, PO Box 7191, Riyadh, 11462, Saudi Arabia
| | - Samar A Al-Swailem
- Research Department, King Khaled Eye Specialist Hospital, PO Box 7191, Riyadh, 11462, Saudi Arabia.
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Chang YS, Tai MC, Weng SF, Wang JJ, Tseng SH, Jan RL. Risk of Mitral Valve Prolapse in Patients with Keratoconus in Taiwan: A Population-Based Cohort Study. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2020; 17:ijerph17176049. [PMID: 32825286 PMCID: PMC7503773 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17176049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2020] [Revised: 08/17/2020] [Accepted: 08/19/2020] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
This retrospective, nationwide, matched-cohort study included 4488 new-onset keratoconus (KCN) patients, ≥12 years old, recruited between 2004 and 2011 from the Taiwan National Health Insurance Research Database. The control group included 26,928 non-KCN patients selected from the Taiwan Longitudinal Health Insurance Database 2000. Information for each patient was collected and tracked from the index date until December 2013. The incidence rate of mitral valve prolapse (MVP) was 1.77 times (95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.09–2.88; p = 0.0206) higher in KCN patients ≥40 years old and 1.49 times (95% CI = 1.12–1.98; p = 0.0060) higher in female KCN patients than in controls. After using the Cox proportional hazard regression analysis to adjust for potential confounders, including hypertension, hyperlipidemia, and congestive heart failure, KCN maintained an independent risk factor, MVP being 1.77 times (adjusted hazard ratio (HR) = 1.77, 95% CI = 1.09–2.88) and 1.48 times (adjusted HR = 1.48, 95% CI = 1.11–1.97) more likely to develop in patients ≥40 years old and female patients in the study cohort, respectively. We found that KCN patients ≥40 years of age and female KCN patients have increased risks of MVP. Therefore, it is recommended that KCN patients should be alerted to MVP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuh-Shin Chang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Chi Mei Medical Center, Tainan 710, Taiwan; (Y.-S.C.); (S.-H.T.)
- Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, Chang Jung Christian University, Tainan 711, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Cheng Tai
- Department of Ophthalmology, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei 114, Taiwan;
| | - Shih-Feng Weng
- Department of Healthcare Administration and Medical Informatics, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan;
| | - Jhi-Joung Wang
- Department of Medical Research, Chi Mei Medical Center, Tainan 710, Taiwan;
| | - Sung-Huei Tseng
- Department of Ophthalmology, Chi Mei Medical Center, Tainan 710, Taiwan; (Y.-S.C.); (S.-H.T.)
- Department of Ophthalmology, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 701, Taiwan
| | - Ren-Long Jan
- Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, Chang Jung Christian University, Tainan 711, Taiwan
- Department of Pediatrics, Chi Mei Medical Center, Liouying, Tainan 736, Taiwan
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +886-6-622-6999 (ext. 77601); Fax: +886-6-283-2639 (ext. 77610)
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Siordia JA, Franco JC. The Association Between Keratoconus and Mitral Valve Prolapse: A Meta-Analysis. Curr Cardiol Rev 2019; 16:147-152. [PMID: 31782369 PMCID: PMC7460702 DOI: 10.2174/1573403x15666191129100928] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2019] [Revised: 10/14/2019] [Accepted: 11/04/2019] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective
The debate pertaining to the association between Keratoconus (KC) and Mitral Valve Prolapse (MVP) continues to occur among physicians. The results of cross-sectional studies attempting to present the co-existing prevalence of these two diseases remain indeterminate. We compiled the first meta-analysis to determine the pattern of prevalence between the two diseases. Methods
Two separate literature searches for cross-sectional studies were performed for this meta-analysis. The first search encompassed finding literature comparing the prevalence of KC between patients with MVP and a control group. The second search pertained to finding studies comparing the prevalence of MVP patients with KC and a control group. Results
Six studies reported the prevalence of MVP in patients with KC and a control group. The prevalence was 41.6% in patients with KC and 11.5% in patients without KC (OR = 7.06 [95% CI = 2.41-20.64]). There was a significant heterogeneity among the studies (I2 = 84%). Two studies showed the prevalence of KC in patients with MVP and a control group. The prevalence was 17.0% in patients with KC and 2.9% in the control group (OR = 5.07 [95% CI = 1.08-23.83]). There was no heterogeneity within the analysis (I2 = 0%). Conclusion
There is a statistically significant co-existing prevalence between MVP and KC. Patients with KC are more likely to present with MVP, and patients with MVP are more likely to present with KC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan A Siordia
- Department of Internal Medicine, Banner University Medical Center - South Campus, 2800 E Ajo Way, Tucson, AZ 85713, United States
| | - Jimena C Franco
- Department of Ophthalmology, Jamaica Hospital Medical Center, 8900 Van Wyck Expy, Richmond Hill, NY 11418, United States
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Chaussard D, Frouin E, Francois J, Sot M, Paraschiv EA, Perone JM. Secondary Corneal Myxoma After DMEK (Descemet Membrane Endothelial Keratoplasty). AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CASE REPORTS 2019; 20:1350-1355. [PMID: 31511491 PMCID: PMC6753674 DOI: 10.12659/ajcr.917641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Patient: Male, 52 Final Diagnosis: Secondary corneal myxoma Symptoms: Red eye Medication: — Clinical Procedure: Surgical treatment Specialty: Ophthalmology
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Affiliation(s)
- Dimitri Chaussard
- Department of Ophthalmology, Regional Hospital Center of Metz-Thionville Mercy Hospital, Metz, France
| | - Eric Frouin
- Department of Pathological Anatomy and Cytology, University Hospital Center of Poitiers, Poitiers, France
| | - Julie Francois
- Department of Ophthalmology, Regional Hospital Center of Metz-Thionville Mercy Hospital, Metz, France
| | - Maxime Sot
- Ophthalmology, Regional Hospital Center of Metz-Thionville, Mercy Hospital, Metz, France
| | - Elena-Adinisia Paraschiv
- Department of Pathological Anatomy and Cytology, Regional Hospital Center of Metz-Thionville, Mercy Hospital, Metz, France
| | - Jean-Marc Perone
- Department of Ophthalmology, Regional Hospital Center of Metz-Thionville Mercy Hospital, Metz, France
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Hussnain SA, Sung S, Remotti F, Schubert H, Chang S, Marr B. Ciliary Body Myxoma in a 20-Year-Old Woman. JAMA Ophthalmol 2019; 137:464-466. [PMID: 30653213 DOI: 10.1001/jamaophthalmol.2018.6678] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- S Amal Hussnain
- Edward S. Harkness Eye Institute, Department of Ophthalmology, Columbia University Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, New York.,Vitreous Retina Macula Consultants of New York, New York.,Department of Ophthalmology, New York University School of Medicine, New York
| | - Simon Sung
- Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Columbia University Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, New York
| | - Fabrizio Remotti
- Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Columbia University Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, New York
| | - Hermann Schubert
- Edward S. Harkness Eye Institute, Department of Ophthalmology, Columbia University Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, New York.,Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Columbia University Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, New York
| | - Stanley Chang
- Edward S. Harkness Eye Institute, Department of Ophthalmology, Columbia University Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, New York
| | - Brian Marr
- Edward S. Harkness Eye Institute, Department of Ophthalmology, Columbia University Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, New York
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Park YM, Ahn M, Kang WS, You IC. A Case of Recurrent Myxomatous Corneal Degeneration Treated by Interferon Alpha-2b. JOURNAL OF THE KOREAN OPHTHALMOLOGICAL SOCIETY 2017. [DOI: 10.3341/jkos.2017.58.8.998] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Young Myoung Park
- Department of Ophthalmology, Chonbuk National University Medical School, Jeonju, Korea
| | - Min Ahn
- Department of Ophthalmology, Chonbuk National University Medical School, Jeonju, Korea
- Research Institute of Clinical Medicine, Chonbuk National University, Jeonju, Korea
- Biomedical Research Institute, Chonbuk National University Hospital, Jeonju, Korea
| | - Wan Seok Kang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Chonbuk National University Medical School, Jeonju, Korea
| | - In Cheon You
- Department of Ophthalmology, Chonbuk National University Medical School, Jeonju, Korea
- Research Institute of Clinical Medicine, Chonbuk National University, Jeonju, Korea
- Biomedical Research Institute, Chonbuk National University Hospital, Jeonju, Korea
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Duru N, Haşhaş OE, Göktaş E, Duru Z, Arifoğlu HB, Ulusoy DM, Karatepe Haşhaş AS, Ataş M. Corneal Sublayers Thickness in Patients With Mitral Valve Prolapse. Eye Contact Lens 2016; 44:55-59. [PMID: 27541972 DOI: 10.1097/icl.0000000000000300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The aim of this study was to compare the thickness of each corneal sublayer in patients with mitral valve prolapse (MVP) and healthy individuals. METHODS A total of 38 eyes from 38 patients with MVP and 34 eyes from 34 age- and sex-matched healthy individuals were included in this study. The thickness of the corneal epithelium, Bowman layer, stroma, and Descemet membrane-endothelium complex were measured on the central cornea (i.e., corneal apex) and both the inferior and superior halves of the cornea with anterior segment module of spectral domain optical coherence tomography. RESULTS No statistically significant differences emerged between the study and control groups in terms of Bowman layer thickness in the central cornea and the cornea's superior half (P=0.092 and P=0.128, respectively). However, in the inferior half of the cornea, Bowman layer thickness among patients with MVP was 11.95±2.34 μm (range 7-16 μm) and in the control group was 13.03±1.62 μm (range 10-16 μm), which made for a statistically significant difference (P=0.025). CONCLUSIONS Our study revealed thinning of Bowman layer in the inferior half of the cornea in patients with MVP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Necati Duru
- Department of Ophthalmology (N.D., E.G., Z.D., H.B.A., D.M.U., A.S.K.H., M.A.), Kayseri Education and Research Hospital, Kayseri, Turkey; Department of Cardiovascular Surgery (O.E.H.), Kayseri Education and Research Hospital, Kayseri, Turkey
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Pathomorphological features of calcinosis circumscripta in a dog. Lab Anim Res 2016; 32:74-7. [PMID: 27051446 PMCID: PMC4817000 DOI: 10.5625/lar.2016.32.1.74] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2015] [Revised: 03/04/2016] [Accepted: 03/07/2016] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
A 19-month-old male German shepherd dog was presented with a hindlimb footpad mass. The mass was excised and histopathology was performed. Grossly, the cut section of the mass had multiple well-circumscribed nodules with a chalky appearance. Histopathologically, basophilic-stained calcium deposits of various sizes were distributed from dermis to subcutis, surrounded by epithelioid cells, multinucleated giant cells, and reactive fibroblasts. Myxoid metaplasia, calcium deposits in hair follicles, and psammoma-like bodies were also found. These histopathologic observations will greatly help to understand the pathogenesis of calcinosis circumscripta.
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Saleh S, Brownstein S, Manusow JS, Jastrzebski A, Lam K, Sassani JW, Mintsioulis G, Gilberg SM. Secondary corneal amyloidosis after perforating corneal trauma: A series of 5 cases and review of the literature. Surv Ophthalmol 2015; 60:590-5. [PMID: 26253297 DOI: 10.1016/j.survophthal.2015.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2015] [Revised: 06/25/2015] [Accepted: 07/17/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
We retrospectively reviewed the clinical and surgical histories of 5 patients with traumatic secondary corneal amyloidosis, a relatively rare sequela of nonsurgical and surgical perforating corneal trauma. Four had history of nonsurgical trauma, and 1 had surgical trauma to the cornea. Three specimens were obtained by penetrating keratoplasties and 2 by excision of the cornea during evisceration of the ocular contents. All the corneal specimens showed full-thickness scars of a prior perforating wound with congophilic amyloid deposits that exhibited apple-green birefringence under polarized light and dichroism. All cases had variable degrees of predominantly chronic nongranulomatous inflammation. Ultrastructural examination in 1 patient disclosed 8-nm diameter fibrils in disarray, consistent with amyloid. Amyloid P immunostaining was positive in all 3 patients tested for this protein.
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Affiliation(s)
- Solin Saleh
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Ottawa Hospital, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada; Department of Pathology, The Ottawa Hospital, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Seymour Brownstein
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Ottawa Hospital, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada; Department of Pathology, The Ottawa Hospital, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada.
| | - Joshua S Manusow
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Ottawa Hospital, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada; Department of Pathology, The Ottawa Hospital, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - André Jastrzebski
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Ottawa Hospital, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada; Department of Pathology, The Ottawa Hospital, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Kay Lam
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Ottawa Hospital, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada; Department of Pathology, The Ottawa Hospital, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Joseph W Sassani
- Department of Ophthalmology, Milton S. Hershey Medical Centre, Pennsylvania State University, Hershey, Pennsylvania, USA; Department of Pathology, Milton S. Hershey Medical Centre, Pennsylvania State University, Hershey, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - George Mintsioulis
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Ottawa Hospital, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Steven M Gilberg
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Ottawa Hospital, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
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Impaired corneal biomechanical properties and the prevalence of keratoconus in mitral valve prolapse. J Ophthalmol 2014; 2014:402193. [PMID: 24864193 PMCID: PMC4016888 DOI: 10.1155/2014/402193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2014] [Revised: 03/26/2014] [Accepted: 03/31/2014] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective. To investigate the biomechanical characteristics of the cornea in patients with mitral valve prolapse (MVP) and the prevalence of keratoconus (KC) in MVP. Materials and Methods. Fifty-two patients with MVP, 39 patients with KC, and 45 control individuals were recruited in this study. All the participants underwent ophthalmologic examination, corneal analysis with the Sirius system (CSO), and the corneal biomechanical evaluation with Reichert ocular response analyzer (ORA). Results. KC was found in six eyes of four patients (5.7%) and suspect KC in eight eyes of five patients (7.7%) in the MVP group. KC was found in one eye of one patient (1.1%) in the control group (P = 0.035). A significant difference occurred in the mean CH and CRF between the MVP and control groups (P = 0.006 and P = 0.009, resp.). All corneal biomechanical and topographical parameters except IOPcc were significantly different between the KC-MVP groups (P < 0.05). Conclusions. KC prevalence is higher than control individuals in MVP patients and the biomechanical properties of the cornea are altered in patients with MVP. These findings should be considered when the MVP patients are evaluated before refractive surgery.
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Dudakova L, Jirsova K. The impairment of lysyl oxidase in keratoconus and in keratoconus-associated disorders. J Neural Transm (Vienna) 2013; 120:977-82. [PMID: 23653221 DOI: 10.1007/s00702-013-0993-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2012] [Accepted: 02/05/2013] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Keratoconus (KC) is an eye disease characterized by the progressive thinning and protrusion of the cornea, which results in the loss of visual acuity. This disorder remains poorly understood, although recent studies indicate the involvement of genetic and environmental factors. Recently, we have found that the distribution of the cross-linking enzyme lysyl oxidase (LOX) is markedly decreased in about 63 % of keratoconic specimens. Similarly, LOX activity is significantly reduced by 38 % compared to control tissue. Nearly 70 systemic disorders have been reported in association with KC, most of them affecting the extracellular matrix. In this review we attempted to ascertain whether any KC-associated diseases exhibit signs that may reflect LOX impairment. We hypothesized that very similar changes in the extracellular matrix, particularly at the level of collagen metabolism, including LOX impairment in mitral leaflets, may reflect an association between KC and mitral valve prolapse. Moreover, this putative association is supported by the high frequency of Down syndrome in both diseases. Among other disorders that have been found to coincide with KC, we did not find any in which the LOX enzyme may be directly or indirectly impaired. On the other hand, in cases where KC is present along with other connective tissue disorders (Marfan syndrome, Ehlers-Danlos syndrome and others), KC may not arise as a localized manifestation, but rather may be induced as the result of a more complex connective tissue disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lubica Dudakova
- Laboratory of Biology and Pathology of Eye, First Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Inherited Metabolic Disorders, Charles University and General University Hospital, Prague, Czech Republic
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