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Matsuo R, Kwon H, Takishita K, Nishi T, Matsuo Y. Expression of proteins supporting visual function in heterobranch gastropods. J Comp Physiol A Neuroethol Sens Neural Behav Physiol 2024:10.1007/s00359-024-01712-7. [PMID: 39120725 DOI: 10.1007/s00359-024-01712-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2024] [Revised: 07/15/2024] [Accepted: 07/31/2024] [Indexed: 08/10/2024]
Abstract
To sense light, animals often utilize mechanisms that rely on visual pigments composed of opsin and retinal. The photon-induced isomerization of 11-cis-retinal to the all-trans configuration triggers phototransduction cascades, resulting in a change in the membrane potential of the photoreceptor. In mollusks, the most abundant opsin in the eye is Gq-coupled rhodopsin (Gq-rhodopsin). The Gq-rhodopsin-based visual pigment is bistable, with the regeneration of 11-cis-retinal occurring in a light-dependent manner without leaving the opsin moiety. 11-cis-retinal is also regenerated by the action of retinochrome in the cell bodies. Retinal binding protein (RALBP) mediates retinal transport between Gq-rhodopsin and retinochrome in the cytoplasm. However, recent studies have identified additional bistable opsins in mollusks, including Opn5 and xenopsin. It is unknown whether these bistable opsins require RALBP and retinochrome for the continuous regeneration of 11-cis-retinal. In the present study, we examined the expression of RALBP and retinochrome in the photoreceptors expressing Opn5 or Xenopsin in the heterobranch gastropods Limax and Peronia. Our findings revealed that retinochrome, but not RALBP, was present in some of the Opn5A-positive brain photosensory neurons of Limax. The ciliary cells in the dorsal eye of Peronia, which express Xenopsin2, lacked both retinochrome and RALBP. Therefore, bistable opsins do not necessarily depend on the RALBP-retinochrome system in a cell. We also examined the expression of other proteins that support visual function, such as β-arrestin, Gq, and Go, in all types of photoreceptors in these animals, and uncovered differences in the molecular composition among the photoreceptors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryota Matsuo
- Department of Environmental Sciences, International College of Arts and Sciences, Laboratory of Neurobiology, Fukuoka Women's University, 1-1-1 Kasumigaoka, Higashi-Ku, Fukuoka, 813-8529, Japan.
| | - Haeri Kwon
- Department of Environmental Sciences, International College of Arts and Sciences, Laboratory of Neurobiology, Fukuoka Women's University, 1-1-1 Kasumigaoka, Higashi-Ku, Fukuoka, 813-8529, Japan
| | - Kiyotaka Takishita
- Department of Environmental Sciences, International College of Arts and Sciences, Laboratory of Neurobiology, Fukuoka Women's University, 1-1-1 Kasumigaoka, Higashi-Ku, Fukuoka, 813-8529, Japan
| | - Takako Nishi
- Institute of Natural Sciences, Senshu University, Kawasaki, Japan
| | - Yuko Matsuo
- Department of Environmental Sciences, International College of Arts and Sciences, Laboratory of Neurobiology, Fukuoka Women's University, 1-1-1 Kasumigaoka, Higashi-Ku, Fukuoka, 813-8529, Japan
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Ge H, Di G, Li B, Han W, Song P, Han S, Wang D, Chen P. Reticulated Retinoic Acid Synthesis is Implicated in the Pathogenesis of Dry Eye in Aqp5 Deficiency Mice. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2024; 65:25. [PMID: 39017635 PMCID: PMC11262545 DOI: 10.1167/iovs.65.8.25] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2024] [Accepted: 07/01/2024] [Indexed: 07/18/2024] Open
Abstract
Purpose Abnormalities in aquaporins are implicated in the pathological progression of dry eye syndrome. Retinoic acid (RA) regulates cellular proliferation, differentiation, and apoptosis in the cornea, thereby being associated with dry eye disease (DED). The objective of this study is to explore the underlying mechanisms responsible for RA metabolic abnormalities in corneas lacking aquaporin 5 (AQP5). Methods Dry eye (DE) models were induced via subcutaneous scopolamine hydrobromide. Aqp5 knockout (Aqp5-/-) mice and DE mice were utilized to assess corneal epithelial alterations. Tear secretion, goblet cell counts, and corneal punctate defects were evaluated. The impact of Aqp5 on RA-related enzymes and receptors was investigated using pharmacological RA or SR (A JunB inhibitor), a transcription factor JunB inhibitor, treatment in mouse corneal epithelial cells (CECs), or human corneal epithelial cells (HCECs). The HCECs and NaCl-treated HCECs underwent quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR), immunofluorescent, Western blot, and TUNEL assays. The regulation of transcription factor JunB on Aldh1a1 was explored via ChIP-PCR. Results Aqp5 and Aldh1a1 were reduced in both CECs of DE mice and NaCl-induced HCECs. Aqp5-/- mice exhibited DE phenotype and reduced Aldh1a1. RA treatment reduced apoptosis, promoted proliferation, and improved the DE phenotype in Aqp5-/- mice. JunB enrichment in the Aldh1a1 promoter was identified by ChIP-PCR. SR significantly increased Aldh1a1 expression, Ki67, and ΔNp63-positive cells, and decreased TUNEL-positive cells in CECs and HCECs. Conclusions Our findings demonstrated the downregulation of Aqp5 expression and aberrant RA metabolism in DE conditions. Knockout of Aqp5 resulted in reduced production of RA through activation of JunB, subsequently leading to the manifestation of DE symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huanhuan Ge
- School of Basic Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Guohu Di
- School of Basic Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
- Institute of Stem Cell Regeneration Medicine, School of Basic Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Bin Li
- School of Basic Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Wenshuo Han
- School of Basic Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Peirong Song
- School of Basic Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Shiheng Han
- School of Basic Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Dianqiang Wang
- Aier School Ophthalmology, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, P. R. China
- Department of Ophthalmology, Qingdao Aier Eye Hospital, Qingdao, China
| | - Peng Chen
- School of Basic Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
- Institute of Stem Cell Regeneration Medicine, School of Basic Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
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Yoshioka H, Ueta M, Fukuoka H, Yokoi N, Mizushima K, Naito Y, Kinoshita S, Sotozono C. Alteration of Gene Expression in Pathological Keratinization of the Ocular Surface. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2024; 65:37. [PMID: 38935029 PMCID: PMC11216254 DOI: 10.1167/iovs.65.6.37] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2023] [Accepted: 06/03/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Purpose To investigate the molecular mechanism of pathological keratinization in the chronic phase of ocular surface (OS) diseases. Methods In this study, a comprehensive gene expression analysis was performed using oligonucleotide microarrays on OS epithelial cells obtained from three patients with pathological keratinization (Stevens-Johnson syndrome [n = 1 patient], ocular cicatricial pemphigoid [n = 1 patient], and anterior staphyloma [n = 1 patient]). The controls were three patients with conjunctivochalasis. The expression in some transcripts was confirmed using quantitative real-time PCR. Results Compared to the controls, 3118 genes were significantly upregulated by a factor of 2 or more than one-half in the pathological keratinized epithelial cells (analysis of variance P < 0.05). Genes involved in keratinization, lipid metabolism, and oxidoreductase were upregulated, while genes involved in cellular response, as well as known transcription factors (TFs), were downregulated. Those genes were further analyzed with respect to TFs and retinoic acid (RA) through gene ontology analysis and known reports. The expression of TFs MYBL2, FOXM1, and SREBF2, was upregulated, and the TF ELF3 was significantly downregulated. The expression of AKR1B15, RDH12, and CRABP2 (i.e., genes related to RA, which is known to suppress keratinization) was increased more than twentyfold, whereas the expression of genes RARB and RARRES3 was decreased by 1/50. CRABP2, RARB, and RARRES3 expression changes were also confirmed by qRT-PCR. Conclusions In pathological keratinized ocular surfaces, common transcript changes, including abnormalities in vitamin A metabolism, are involved in the mechanism of pathological keratinization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hokoru Yoshioka
- Department of Ophthalmology, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Mayumi Ueta
- Department of Ophthalmology, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Hideki Fukuoka
- Department of Ophthalmology, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Norihiko Yokoi
- Department of Ophthalmology, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Katsura Mizushima
- Department of Human Immunology and Nutrition Science, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kamigyo-ku, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Yuji Naito
- Department of Human Immunology and Nutrition Science, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kamigyo-ku, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Shigeru Kinoshita
- Department of Frontier Medical Science and Technology for Ophthalmology, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Chie Sotozono
- Department of Ophthalmology, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
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Cong Y, Zhang Y, Han Y, Wu Y, Wang D, Zhang B. Recommendations for nutritional supplements for dry eye disease: current advances. Front Pharmacol 2024; 15:1388787. [PMID: 38873421 PMCID: PMC11169594 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2024.1388787] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2024] [Accepted: 04/17/2024] [Indexed: 06/15/2024] Open
Abstract
Dry eye disease (DED) represents a prevalent ocular surface disease. The development of effective nutritional management strategies for DED is crucial due to its association with various factors such as inflammation, oxidative stress, deficiencies in polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs), imbalanced PUFA ratios, and vitamin insufficiencies. Extensive research has explored the impact of oral nutritional supplements, varying in composition and dosage, on the symptoms of DED. The main components of these supplements include fish oils (Omega-3 fatty acids), vitamins, trace elements, and phytochemical extracts. Beyond these well-known nutrients, it is necessary to explore whether novel nutrients might contribute to more effective DED management. This review provides a comprehensive update on the therapeutic potential of nutrients and presents new perspectives for combination supplements in DED treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Bingjie Zhang
- Department of Ophthalmology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
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Posa A, Sel S, Dietz R, Sander R, Paulsen F, Bräuer L, Hammer C. Historical Profiling of Dry Eye Patients - Potential Trigger Factors and Comorbidities. Klin Monbl Augenheilkd 2024; 241:110-118. [PMID: 36581053 DOI: 10.1055/a-2004-8845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Dry eye syndrome (DES) is one of the most common diseases of the ocular surface. Affected persons suffer from different subjective complaints, with sometimes severe impairment in the quality of life. The aetiology and pathogenesis are multifactorial, multifaceted, and not yet fully understood. The present study is intended to provide deeper insights into possible triggering factors and correlating comorbidities. MATERIALS AND METHODS In German ophthalmological practices, 306 persons (174 women, 132 men, age: 18 - 87 years) were interviewed by questionnaire on concomitant diseases and possible further triggering factors. DES was diagnosed by an ophthalmologist in 170 cases. The statistical comparative analysis between persons with and without DES was carried out using the chi-squared test (SPSS statistical software). RESULTS DES occurred with significantly (p < 0.05) increased frequency in women over 40 years of age, as well as in persons exposed to screen work, air conditioning, persons with chronic ocular inflammation, myomas (hysterectomy), dry skin, arterial hypertonicity in need of medication, cardiac arrhythmias, fatty liver, gastric ulcer, appendicitis, cholecystectomy, depression, hyperlipidaemia, hyperuricaemia, osteoporosis, and nephrolithiasis. CONCLUSION Some of the known comorbidities and DES risk factors, e.g., computer work or depression, were confirmed. In contrast, the higher prevalence of hyperlipidaemia, hyperuricaemia, osteoporosis, nephrolithiasis, and fibroids among DES patients has not previously been reported. Additional studies should be performed on causal connections between DES and specific comorbidities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreas Posa
- Department of Neurology, Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Saadettin Sel
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Richard Dietz
- Ophthalmology, Outpatient Ophthalmological Practice, Volkach am Main, Germany
| | - Ralph Sander
- Ophthalmology, Outpatient Ophthalmological Practice, Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Friedrich Paulsen
- Institute of Functional and Clinical Anatomy, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Lars Bräuer
- Institute of Functional and Clinical Anatomy, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Christian Hammer
- Institute of Functional and Clinical Anatomy, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
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Wu J, Duan C, Yang Y, Wang Z, Tan C, Han C, Hou X. Insights into the liver-eyes connections, from epidemiological, mechanical studies to clinical translation. J Transl Med 2023; 21:712. [PMID: 37817192 PMCID: PMC10566185 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-023-04543-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2023] [Accepted: 09/19/2023] [Indexed: 10/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Maintenance of internal homeostasis is a sophisticated process, during which almost all organs get involved. Liver plays a central role in metabolism and involves in endocrine, immunity, detoxification and storage, and therefore it communicates with distant organs through such mechanisms to regulate pathophysiological processes. Dysfunctional liver is often accompanied by pathological phenotypes of distant organs, including the eyes. Many reviews have focused on crosstalk between the liver and gut, the liver and brain, the liver and heart, the liver and kidney, but with no attention paid to the liver and eyes. In this review, we summarized intimate connections between the liver and the eyes from three aspects. Epidemiologically, we suggest liver-related, potential, protective and risk factors for typical eye disease as well as eye indicators connected with liver status. For molecular mechanism aspect, we elaborate their inter-organ crosstalk from metabolism (glucose, lipid, proteins, vitamin, and mineral), detoxification (ammonia and bilirubin), and immunity (complement and inflammation regulation) aspect. In clinical application part, we emphasize the latest advances in utilizing the liver-eye axis in disease diagnosis and therapy, involving artificial intelligence-deep learning-based novel diagnostic tools for detecting liver disease and adeno-associated viral vector-based gene therapy method for curing blinding eye disease. We aim to focus on and provide novel insights into liver and eyes communications and help resolve existed clinically significant issues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junhao Wu
- Division of Gastroenterology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1277 Jiefang Avenue, Wuhan, 430022 Hubei China
| | - Caihan Duan
- Division of Gastroenterology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1277 Jiefang Avenue, Wuhan, 430022 Hubei China
| | - Yuanfan Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Centre, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhe Wang
- Division of Gastroenterology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1277 Jiefang Avenue, Wuhan, 430022 Hubei China
| | - Chen Tan
- Division of Gastroenterology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1277 Jiefang Avenue, Wuhan, 430022 Hubei China
| | - Chaoqun Han
- Division of Gastroenterology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1277 Jiefang Avenue, Wuhan, 430022 Hubei China
| | - Xiaohua Hou
- Division of Gastroenterology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1277 Jiefang Avenue, Wuhan, 430022 Hubei China
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Ravindra AP, Sinha R, Bari A, Velpandian T, Sen S, Agarwal T, Sharma N, Titiyal JS. Retinol palmitate in management of chronic Steven-Johnson Syndrome with ocular surface keratinization. Ocul Surf 2023; 30:160-167. [PMID: 37689180 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtos.2023.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2023] [Revised: 08/27/2023] [Accepted: 09/05/2023] [Indexed: 09/11/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE To study the outcomes of topical Retinol Palmitate ophthalmic solution in chronic Stevens-Johnson Syndrome with ocular surface keratinisation. METHODS It was a comparative interventional study conducted at Rajendra Prasad Centre for Ophthalmic Sciences, Delhi, India from 2020 to 2022 evaluating outcomes of addition of topical Retinol Palmitate to conventional treatment objectively as well as subjectively from baseline up to 12 weeks. RESULTS A statistically significant improvement was seen in patients who received topical Retinol palmitate at 12 weeks in terms of Schirmer-1 test(p=<0.01), tear prism height on ASOCT(p = 0.02), Rose Bengal staining score of cornea(p = 0.01) and conjunctiva (p < 0.01), reduction of ocular surface keratinisation on impression cytology(p = 0.01) and subjective evaluation using OSDI questionnaire(p = 0.04).Impression cytology revealed goblet cells in Retinol palmitate group at 1 week after initiation of therapy, which increased further at 1 month follow up but reduced at 3 months. No goblet cells were seen in control group at any follow-up. No significant difference was noted between the two groups in terms of visual acuity, tear film breakup time, inflammatory cells on impression cytology and inflammatory markers in tears. CONCLUSION Topical Retinol palmitate is a safe and effective drug in cases of chronic SJS with ocular surface keratinisation. It has the potential to reverse keratinisation of the ocular surface and promote development of goblet cells. However, the survival of goblet cells is not long lasting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ananya Parampalli Ravindra
- Cornea, Cataract & Refractive Surgery Services, Dr Rajendra Prasad Centre for Ophthalmic Sciences, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, 110029, India.
| | - Rajesh Sinha
- Cornea, Cataract & Refractive Surgery Services, Dr Rajendra Prasad Centre for Ophthalmic Sciences, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, 110029, India.
| | - Aafreen Bari
- Cornea, Cataract & Refractive Surgery Services, Dr Rajendra Prasad Centre for Ophthalmic Sciences, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, 110029, India.
| | - T Velpandian
- Ocular Pharmacology, Dr Rajendra Prasad Centre for Ophthalmic Sciences, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, 110029, India.
| | - Seema Sen
- Ocular Microbiology, Dr Rajendra Prasad Centre for Ophthalmic Sciences, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, 110029, India.
| | - Tushar Agarwal
- Cornea, Cataract & Refractive Surgery Services, Dr Rajendra Prasad Centre for Ophthalmic Sciences, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, 110029, India.
| | - Namrata Sharma
- Cornea, Cataract & Refractive Surgery Services, Dr Rajendra Prasad Centre for Ophthalmic Sciences, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, 110029, India.
| | - Jeewan Singh Titiyal
- Cornea, Cataract & Refractive Surgery Services, Dr Rajendra Prasad Centre for Ophthalmic Sciences, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, 110029, India.
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Roshandel D, Semnani F, Rayati Damavandi A, Masoudi A, Baradaran-Rafii A, Watson SL, Morgan WH, McLenachan S. Genetic predisposition to ocular surface disorders and opportunities for gene-based therapies. Ocul Surf 2023; 29:150-165. [PMID: 37192706 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtos.2023.05.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2023] [Revised: 04/24/2023] [Accepted: 05/09/2023] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
The ocular surface, comprised of the corneal and conjunctival epithelium, innervation system, immune components, and tear-film apparatus, plays a key role in ocular integrity as well as comfort and vision. Gene defects may result in congenital ocular or systemic disorders with prominent ocular surface involvement. Examples include epithelial corneal dystrophies, aniridia, ectrodactyly-ectodermal dysplasia-clefting (EEC) syndrome, xeroderma pigmentosum (XP), and hereditary sensory and autonomic neuropathy. In addition, genetic factors may interact with environmental risk factors in the development of several multifactorial ocular surface disorders (OSDs) such as autoimmune disorders, allergies, neoplasms, and dry eye disease. Advanced gene-based technologies have already been introduced in disease modelling and proof-of-concept gene therapies for monogenic OSDs. For instance, patient-derived induced pluripotent stem cells have been used for modelling aniridia-associated keratopathy (AAK), XP, and EEC syndrome. Moreover, CRISPR/Cas9 genome editing has been used for disease modelling and/or gene therapy for AAK and Meesmann's epithelial corneal dystrophy. A better understanding of the role of genetic factors in OSDs may be helpful in designing personalized disease models and treatment approaches. Gene-based approaches in monogenic OSDs and genetic predisposition to multifactorial OSDs such as immune-mediated disorders and neoplasms with known or possible genetic risk factors has been seldom reviewed. In this narrative review, we discuss the role of genetic factors in monogenic and multifactorial OSDs and potential opportunities for gene therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danial Roshandel
- Lions Eye Institute, Perth, WA, Australia; Centre for Ophthalmology and Visual Science, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Farbod Semnani
- School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences (TUMS), Tehran, Iran; School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences (TUMS), Tehran, Iran
| | - Amirmasoud Rayati Damavandi
- School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences (TUMS), Tehran, Iran; School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences (TUMS), Tehran, Iran
| | - Ali Masoudi
- Stein Eye Institute, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Alireza Baradaran-Rafii
- Department of Ophthalmology, Research Institute for Ophthalmology and Vision Science, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Department of Ophthalmology, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Stephanie L Watson
- The University of Sydney, Save Sight Institute, Discipline of Ophthalmology, Sydney Medical School, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - William H Morgan
- Lions Eye Institute, Perth, WA, Australia; Centre for Ophthalmology and Visual Science, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Samuel McLenachan
- Lions Eye Institute, Perth, WA, Australia; Centre for Ophthalmology and Visual Science, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia.
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Sullivan DA, da Costa AX, Del Duca E, Doll T, Grupcheva CN, Lazreg S, Liu SH, McGee SR, Murthy R, Narang P, Ng A, Nistico S, O'Dell L, Roos J, Shen J, Markoulli M. TFOS Lifestyle: Impact of cosmetics on the ocular surface. Ocul Surf 2023; 29:77-130. [PMID: 37061220 PMCID: PMC11246752 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtos.2023.04.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2023] [Accepted: 04/06/2023] [Indexed: 04/17/2023]
Abstract
In this report the use of eye cosmetic products and procedures and how this represents a lifestyle challenge that may exacerbate or promote the development of ocular surface and adnexal disease is discussed. Multiple aspects of eye cosmetics are addressed, including their history and market value, psychological and social impacts, possible problems associated with cosmetic ingredients, products, and procedures, and regulations for eye cosmetic use. In addition, a systematic review that critically appraises randomized controlled trial evidence concerning the ocular effects of eyelash growth products is included. The findings of this systematic review highlight the evidence gaps and indicate future directions for research to focus on ocular surface outcomes associated with eyelash growth products.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Ester Del Duca
- Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York City, NY, USA
| | | | | | - Sihem Lazreg
- Lazreg Cornea and Ocular Surface Center, Blida, Algeria
| | - Su-Hsun Liu
- University of Colorado, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
| | | | | | | | - Alison Ng
- Centre for Ocular Research & Education, School of Optometry and Vision Science, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Canada
| | - Steven Nistico
- Department of Dermatology, University Magna Graecia, Catanzaro, Italy
| | | | | | - Joanne Shen
- Department of Ophthalmology, Mayo Clinic in Arizona, Scottsdale, AZ, USA
| | - Maria Markoulli
- School of Optometry and Vision Science, UNSW Sydney, NSW, Australia
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Chaudhari P, Satarker S, Thomas R, Theruveethi N, Ghate V, Nampoothiri M, Lewis SA. Rodent models for dry eye syndrome: Standardization using benzalkonium chloride and scopolamine hydrobromide. Life Sci 2023; 317:121463. [PMID: 36731648 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2023.121463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2022] [Revised: 01/15/2023] [Accepted: 01/27/2023] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Dry eye disease is a highly prevalent ocular condition that significantly affects the quality of life and presents a major challenge in ophthalmology. Animal models play a crucial role in investigating the pathophysiology and developing effective treatments. The goal of this study was to compare and standardize two dry eye disease rodent models and explore their recovery aspects. We have standardized benzalkonium chloride and scopolamine-induced dry eye disease models which represents two different classes of the dry eye i.e., evaporative dry eye and aqueous deficient dry eye, respectively. After the development of dry eye conditions, a self-recovery period of seven days was granted to assess the reversal of the induced changes. The dry eye condition was assessed by measuring tear volume, corneal slit lamp imaging, and histological examination of the cornea, the lacrimal and the harderian gland. The study indicated the development of chronic inflammation of the cornea and lacrimal gland in the case of benzalkonium after five days of the treatment, while the scopolamine treated group showed chronic inflammation of the lacrimal gland after five days and corneal inflammation after seven days of administration. The recovery study suggested that after discontinuation of inducing agent, the dry eye symptoms were still persistent suggesting the utility of the model in evaluating dry eye treatments. The study highlights the comparative changes in both models along with recovery which can serve as a base for drug discovery and development against dry eye disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pinal Chaudhari
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Manipal College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal 576104, India
| | - Sairaj Satarker
- Department of Pharmacology, Manipal College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal 576104, India
| | - Rinu Thomas
- Department of Optometry, Manipal College of Health Professions, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal 576104, India
| | - Nagarajan Theruveethi
- Department of Optometry, Manipal College of Health Professions, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal 576104, India
| | - Vivek Ghate
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Manipal College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal 576104, India
| | - Madhavan Nampoothiri
- Department of Pharmacology, Manipal College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal 576104, India
| | - Shaila A Lewis
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Manipal College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal 576104, India.
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Tsugeno Y, Sato T, Watanabe M, Higashide M, Furuhashi M, Umetsu A, Suzuki S, Ida Y, Hikage F, Ohguro H. All Trans-Retinoic Acids Facilitate the Remodeling of 2D and 3D Cultured Human Conjunctival Fibroblasts. BIOENGINEERING (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 9:bioengineering9090463. [PMID: 36135009 PMCID: PMC9495389 DOI: 10.3390/bioengineering9090463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2022] [Revised: 08/26/2022] [Accepted: 09/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Vitamin A derivative, all-trans-retinoic acid (ATRA), is known to be a potent regulator of the growth and differentiation of various types of cells. In the present study, the unidentified effects of ATRA on superficial and vertical spreading conjunctival scarring were examined. The study involved the use of two-dimensional (2D) and three-dimensional (3D) cultures of human conjunctival fibroblast (HconF) cells in the presence or absence of TGF-β2. The effects of ATRA (1 μM) on superficial or vertical spreading conjunctival scarring were evaluated by the barrier function by trans-endothelial electrical resistance (TEER) and FITC dextran permeability measurements and real-time metabolic analysis, as well as the physical properties, namely, the size and stiffness, of 3D spheroids, respectively. In addition, the expressions of several related molecules, including extracellular matrix (ECM) molecules, ECM modulators including a tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinases (TIMPs), matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs), and ER stress-related factors, were examined. ATRA significantly induced (1) an increase in TEER values and a decrease in FITC dextran permeability, respectively, in the 2D monolayers, and (2) relatively and substantially increased the size and stiffness, respectively, of the 3D spheroids. These ATRA-induced effects were further enhanced in the TGF-β2-treated cells, whereas the TGF-β2-induced enhancement in glycolytic capacity was canceled by the presence of ATRA. Consistent with these physical and morphological effects, the mRNA expressions of several molecules were significantly but differently induced between 2D and 3D cultures by ATRA, although the presence of TGF-β2 did not substantially affect these gene expression levels. The findings reported in this study indicate that ATRA may exacerbate both superficial and vertical conjunctival fibrosis spreading independently of TGF-β2-induced changes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuri Tsugeno
- Departments of Ophthalmology, School of Medicine, Sapporo Medical University, Sapporo 060-8556, Japan
| | - Tatsuya Sato
- Departments of Cardiovascular, Renal and Metabolic Medicine, Sapporo Medical University, Sapporo 060-8556, Japan
- Departments of Cellular Physiology and Signal Transduction, Sapporo Medical University, Sapporo 060-8556, Japan
| | - Megumi Watanabe
- Departments of Ophthalmology, School of Medicine, Sapporo Medical University, Sapporo 060-8556, Japan
| | - Megumi Higashide
- Departments of Ophthalmology, School of Medicine, Sapporo Medical University, Sapporo 060-8556, Japan
| | - Masato Furuhashi
- Departments of Cardiovascular, Renal and Metabolic Medicine, Sapporo Medical University, Sapporo 060-8556, Japan
| | - Araya Umetsu
- Departments of Ophthalmology, School of Medicine, Sapporo Medical University, Sapporo 060-8556, Japan
| | - Soma Suzuki
- Departments of Ophthalmology, School of Medicine, Sapporo Medical University, Sapporo 060-8556, Japan
| | - Yosuke Ida
- Departments of Ophthalmology, School of Medicine, Sapporo Medical University, Sapporo 060-8556, Japan
| | - Fumihito Hikage
- Departments of Ophthalmology, School of Medicine, Sapporo Medical University, Sapporo 060-8556, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Ohguro
- Departments of Ophthalmology, School of Medicine, Sapporo Medical University, Sapporo 060-8556, Japan
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +81-116-112-111; Fax: +81-116-136-575
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12
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Liu Y, Wang Y, Jin X, Zhang N, Shi Y, Zhu R, Wang J, Dong Y, Zhang H. Observation of Conjunctiva-Associated Lymphoid Tissue With In Vivo Confocal Microscopy in Healthy Patients and Patients With Meibomian Gland Dysfunction. Cornea 2022; 41:1129-1136. [PMID: 34759200 PMCID: PMC9365257 DOI: 10.1097/ico.0000000000002910] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2021] [Revised: 08/21/2021] [Accepted: 09/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The purpose of this study was to assess the distribution and morphological variation of conjunctiva-associated lymphoid tissue (CALT) in healthy human subjects and patients with meibomian gland dysfunction (MGD) using laserscanningin vivo confocal microscopy. METHODS A total of 34 healthy subjects and 32 patients with MGD were enrolled. All subjects underwent a conventional examination consisting of slitlamp biomicroscopy, tear film break-up time, and the Schirmer test. In vivo microscopy was applied to analyze the morphological changes in the diffuse lymphoid layer and lymphoid follicles in CALT. Conjunctival impression cytology (CIC) of samples of patients' palpebral conjunctiva and immunofluorescence staining of CD4 and CD8 antibodies were also performed to indicate the immune response status of CALT. RESULTS In the MGD group, the density of diffuse lymphocytes ( P < 0.001), follicles ( P < 0.001), and perifollicular lymphocytes was higher ( P < 0.001) and the central reflection of the follicles was stronger ( P < 0.001) than in the control group, while there was no difference in the follicle area ( P = 0.758). Besides, diffuse lymphocyte density was correlated with telangiectasia, and follicular center reflection intensity was correlated with plugging. CIC immunofluorescence staining showed a higher percentage of CD4 + ( P < 0.001) and CD8 + ( P < 0.001) cells in the MGD group than in the control group. CONCLUSIONS Using laser scanning in vivo confocal microscopy and CIC immunofluorescence staining, we observed the activation of CALT in patients with MGD, and some CALT-related parameters correlated with the lid margin findings of patients with MGD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuting Liu
- Eye Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin City, Nangang District, Heilongjiang Province, China; and
- Key Laboratory of Basic and Clinical Research of Heilongjiang Province, Heilongjiang Province, China
| | - Yingbin Wang
- Eye Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin City, Nangang District, Heilongjiang Province, China; and
- Key Laboratory of Basic and Clinical Research of Heilongjiang Province, Heilongjiang Province, China
| | - Xin Jin
- Eye Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin City, Nangang District, Heilongjiang Province, China; and
- Key Laboratory of Basic and Clinical Research of Heilongjiang Province, Heilongjiang Province, China
| | - Nan Zhang
- Eye Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin City, Nangang District, Heilongjiang Province, China; and
| | - Yan Shi
- Eye Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin City, Nangang District, Heilongjiang Province, China; and
- Key Laboratory of Basic and Clinical Research of Heilongjiang Province, Heilongjiang Province, China
| | - Rui Zhu
- Eye Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin City, Nangang District, Heilongjiang Province, China; and
- Key Laboratory of Basic and Clinical Research of Heilongjiang Province, Heilongjiang Province, China
| | - Jingrao Wang
- Eye Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin City, Nangang District, Heilongjiang Province, China; and
- Key Laboratory of Basic and Clinical Research of Heilongjiang Province, Heilongjiang Province, China
| | - Yueyan Dong
- Eye Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin City, Nangang District, Heilongjiang Province, China; and
- Key Laboratory of Basic and Clinical Research of Heilongjiang Province, Heilongjiang Province, China
| | - Hong Zhang
- Eye Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin City, Nangang District, Heilongjiang Province, China; and
- Key Laboratory of Basic and Clinical Research of Heilongjiang Province, Heilongjiang Province, China
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13
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Bioinformatic Prioritization and Functional Annotation of GWAS-Based Candidate Genes for Primary Open-Angle Glaucoma. Genes (Basel) 2022; 13:genes13061055. [PMID: 35741817 PMCID: PMC9222386 DOI: 10.3390/genes13061055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2022] [Revised: 05/29/2022] [Accepted: 05/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG) is the most prevalent glaucoma subtype, but its exact etiology is still unknown. In this study, we aimed to prioritize the most likely ‘causal’ genes and identify functional characteristics and underlying biological pathways of POAG candidate genes. Methods: We used the results of a large POAG genome-wide association analysis study from GERA and UK Biobank cohorts. First, we performed systematic gene-prioritization analyses based on: (i) nearest genes; (ii) nonsynonymous single-nucleotide polymorphisms; (iii) co-regulation analysis; (iv) transcriptome-wide association studies; and (v) epigenomic data. Next, we performed functional enrichment analyses to find overrepresented functional pathways and tissues. Results: We identified 142 prioritized genes, of which 64 were novel for POAG. BICC1, AFAP1, and ABCA1 were the most highly prioritized genes based on four or more lines of evidence. The most significant pathways were related to extracellular matrix turnover, transforming growth factor-β, blood vessel development, and retinoic acid receptor signaling. Ocular tissues such as sclera and trabecular meshwork showed enrichment in prioritized gene expression (>1.5 fold). We found pleiotropy of POAG with intraocular pressure and optic-disc parameters, as well as genetic correlation with hypertension and diabetes-related eye disease. Conclusions: Our findings contribute to a better understanding of the molecular mechanisms underlying glaucoma pathogenesis and have prioritized many novel candidate genes for functional follow-up studies.
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Abstract
Dry eye disease (DED) is a major public health problem worldwide that seriously impairs the quality of life, reduces work productivity, and poses significant economic burden. In DED, tear film instability or hyperosmolarity activates a self-perpetuating vicious cycle that may aggravate ocular surface inflammation and damage. Thus, treatment approaches should focus on interrupting this cycle and ameliorating inflammation. In addition to anti-inflammatory medications, such as corticosteroids, cyclosporine, and lifitegrast, nutrients with anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidative properties may also be effective for the treatment of DED. Evidence indicates that vitamin deficiencies may be associated with an increased risk of DED and that vitamin supplementation can be an effective treatment for DED. In the present review, we introduce the results of clinical and experimental studies on the association between vitamin deficiencies and DED. The potential efficacy of systemic and topical supplementation in the treatment of DED is also discussed.
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Latta L, Knebel I, Bleil C, Stachon T, Katiyar P, Zussy C, Fries FN, Käsmann-Kellner B, Seitz B, Szentmáry N. Similarities in DSG1 and KRT3 Downregulation through Retinoic Acid Treatment and PAX6 Knockdown Related Expression Profiles: Does PAX6 Affect RA Signaling in Limbal Epithelial Cells? Biomolecules 2021; 11:1651. [PMID: 34827649 PMCID: PMC8615883 DOI: 10.3390/biom11111651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2021] [Revised: 10/11/2021] [Accepted: 10/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Congenital PAX6-aniridia is a rare panocular disease resulting from limbal stem cell deficiency. In PAX6-aniridia, the downregulation of the retinol-metabolizing enzymes ADH7 (All-trans-retinol dehydrogenase 7) and ALDH1A1/A3 (Retinal dehydrogenase 1, Aldehyde dehydrogenase family 1 member A3) have been described in limbal epithelial cells (LECs) and conjunctival epithelial cells. The aim of this study was to identify the role of retinol derivates in the differentiation of human LEC and its potential impact on aniridia-associated keratopathy development. Human LEC were isolated from healthy donor corneas and were cultured with retinol, retinoic acid, or pan-retinoic acid receptor antagonist (AGN 193109) acting on RARα, β, γ (NR1B1, NR1B2 NR1B3) or were cultured with pan-retinoid X receptor antagonist (UVI 3003) acting on RXR α, β, γ (retinoid X receptor, NR2B1, NR2B2, BR2B3). Using qPCR, differentiation marker and retinoid-/fatty acid metabolism-related mRNA expression was analysed. DSG1 (Desmoglein 1), KRT3 (Keratin 3), and SPINK7 (Serine Peptidase Inhibitor Kazal Type 7) mRNA expression was downregulated when retinoid derivates were used. AGN 193109 treatment led to the upregulation of ADH7, KRT3, and DSG1 mRNA expression and to the downregulation of KRT12 (Keratin 12) and KRT19 (Keratin 19) mRNA expression. Retinol and all-trans retinoic acid affect some transcripts of corneal LEC in a similar way to what has been observed in the LEC of PAX6-aniridia patients with the altered expression of differentiation markers. An elevated concentration of retinol derivatives in LEC or an altered response to retinoids may contribute to this pattern. These initial findings help to explain ocular surface epithelia differentiation disorders in PAX6-aniridia and should be investigated in patient cells or in cell models in the future in more detail.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lorenz Latta
- Dr. Rolf M. Schwiete Center for Limbal Stem Cell and Congenital Aniridia Research, Saarland University, 66421 Homburg, Germany; (L.L.); (I.K.); (C.B.); (T.S.); (P.K.); (C.Z.)
| | - Igor Knebel
- Dr. Rolf M. Schwiete Center for Limbal Stem Cell and Congenital Aniridia Research, Saarland University, 66421 Homburg, Germany; (L.L.); (I.K.); (C.B.); (T.S.); (P.K.); (C.Z.)
| | - Constanze Bleil
- Dr. Rolf M. Schwiete Center for Limbal Stem Cell and Congenital Aniridia Research, Saarland University, 66421 Homburg, Germany; (L.L.); (I.K.); (C.B.); (T.S.); (P.K.); (C.Z.)
| | - Tanja Stachon
- Dr. Rolf M. Schwiete Center for Limbal Stem Cell and Congenital Aniridia Research, Saarland University, 66421 Homburg, Germany; (L.L.); (I.K.); (C.B.); (T.S.); (P.K.); (C.Z.)
| | - Priya Katiyar
- Dr. Rolf M. Schwiete Center for Limbal Stem Cell and Congenital Aniridia Research, Saarland University, 66421 Homburg, Germany; (L.L.); (I.K.); (C.B.); (T.S.); (P.K.); (C.Z.)
- Department of Ophthalmology, Saarland University Medical Center, 66421 Homburg, Germany; (F.N.F.); (B.K.-K.); (B.S.)
| | - Claire Zussy
- Dr. Rolf M. Schwiete Center for Limbal Stem Cell and Congenital Aniridia Research, Saarland University, 66421 Homburg, Germany; (L.L.); (I.K.); (C.B.); (T.S.); (P.K.); (C.Z.)
| | - Fabian Norbert Fries
- Department of Ophthalmology, Saarland University Medical Center, 66421 Homburg, Germany; (F.N.F.); (B.K.-K.); (B.S.)
| | - Barbara Käsmann-Kellner
- Department of Ophthalmology, Saarland University Medical Center, 66421 Homburg, Germany; (F.N.F.); (B.K.-K.); (B.S.)
| | - Berthold Seitz
- Department of Ophthalmology, Saarland University Medical Center, 66421 Homburg, Germany; (F.N.F.); (B.K.-K.); (B.S.)
| | - Nóra Szentmáry
- Dr. Rolf M. Schwiete Center for Limbal Stem Cell and Congenital Aniridia Research, Saarland University, 66421 Homburg, Germany; (L.L.); (I.K.); (C.B.); (T.S.); (P.K.); (C.Z.)
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Wladis EJ, Adam AP. Immune signaling in rosacea. Ocul Surf 2021; 22:224-229. [PMID: 34481075 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtos.2021.08.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2021] [Revised: 08/24/2021] [Accepted: 08/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Rosacea is a common chronic skin disease affecting mostly people aged 40 and above, with currently no cure. When it affects the eyelids and periocular skin, it leads to dry eye and potentially corneal damage. Research performed over the last decade shed light into the potential mechanisms leading to skin hypersensitivity and provided promising avenues for development of novel, rational therapeutics aimed at reducing the skin inflammatory state. In this review, we discuss the current knowledge on the mechanisms of rosacea in general and of periocular skin-affecting disease in particular, identify key questions that remain to be answered in future research, and offer a disease model that can explain the key characteristics of this disease, with particular emphasis on a potential positive feedback loop that could explain both the acute and chronic features of rosacea.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edward J Wladis
- Lions Eye Institute, Department of Ophthalmology, Albany Medical College, 1220 New Scotland Rd, Suite 302, Slingerlands, NY, 12159, United States.
| | - Alejandro P Adam
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology and Department of Ophthalmology, Albany Medical College, United States
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17
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Fogagnolo P, De Cilla’ S, Alkabes M, Sabella P, Rossetti L. A Review of Topical and Systemic Vitamin Supplementation in Ocular Surface Diseases. Nutrients 2021; 13:nu13061998. [PMID: 34200595 PMCID: PMC8228525 DOI: 10.3390/nu13061998] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2021] [Revised: 05/24/2021] [Accepted: 06/08/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
In the homeostasis of the ocular surface, vitamins play a critical role in regulating inflammatory responses and promoting cell differentiation, development and correct function. Systemic vitamin supplementation has been available for many decades; in recent years, thanks to pharmacological advancements, topical vitamin delivery has also become available in an attempt to better treat ocular surface disease (OSD) and dry eye disease (DED). In this paper, we reviewed the current evidence on the role of vitamin supplementation in OSD and DED. We originally searched the PubMed archive, inspected the references and restricted the search to pertinent papers. The body of evidence was evaluated using the amelioration of both signs and symptoms as the outcome, when available. We found that in patients with vitamin deficiency, systemic supplementation of Vitamin A is effective in treating OSD, reducing both DED signs and symptoms. Additionally, systemic supplementation of vitamin D is useful in reducing DED symptoms and increasing tear volume. Vitamin A is also effective in reducing DED signs and symptoms when administered locally. The efficacy of supplementation with other vitamins is still not fully proven. In conclusion, the inclusion of vitamins into the treatment strategies for OSD and DED allows for better treatment customization and better outcomes in these patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paolo Fogagnolo
- Ophthalmology Unit, Department of Health Sciences, San Paolo Hospital, Università degli Studi di Milano, 20142 Milan, Italy; (P.S.); (L.R.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Stefano De Cilla’
- Ophthalmology Unit, Ospedale Maggiore della Carita, 28100 Novara, Italy; (S.D.C.); (M.A.)
| | - Micol Alkabes
- Ophthalmology Unit, Ospedale Maggiore della Carita, 28100 Novara, Italy; (S.D.C.); (M.A.)
| | - Pierfilippo Sabella
- Ophthalmology Unit, Department of Health Sciences, San Paolo Hospital, Università degli Studi di Milano, 20142 Milan, Italy; (P.S.); (L.R.)
| | - Luca Rossetti
- Ophthalmology Unit, Department of Health Sciences, San Paolo Hospital, Università degli Studi di Milano, 20142 Milan, Italy; (P.S.); (L.R.)
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Vempuluru VS, Pattnaik M, Ghose N, Kaliki S. Bilateral ocular surface squamous neoplasia: A study of 25 patients and review of literature. Eur J Ophthalmol 2021; 32:620-627. [PMID: 33818167 DOI: 10.1177/11206721211007109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To describe the risk factors, clinical presentation, management, and outcomes of patients with bilateral ocular surface squamous neoplasia (OSSN). METHODS Retrospective case series. RESULTS Of the 25 patients with bilateral OSSN, the mean age at diagnosis of OSSN was 31 years (median, 24 years; range, 2-60 years). Risk factors for bilateral OSSN included xeroderma pigmentosum (n = 15, 60%), human immunodeficiency virus infection (n = 3, 12%), conjunctival xerosis (n = 1, 4%), and topical steroid use (n = 1, 4%). There were no identifiable ocular or systemic risk factors in 7 (28%) patients. Presentation was synchronous in 14 (56%) and metachronous in 11 (44%) patients. Tumor morphology was bilaterally similar in 12 (48%) patients. Histopathological examination (n = 36) revealed conjunctival intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) grade 1 in 4 (8%); grade 2 in 7 (14%); carcinoma in situ in 5 (10%), and invasive carcinoma in 20 (40%). Primary management of OSSN (n = 49) included excisional biopsy (n = 31, 62%), topical immunotherapy (IFN α2B) (n = 11; 22%), topical Mitomycin C (MMC) (n = 3, 6%), enucleation (n = 1, 2%), orbital exenteration (n = 2, 4%), and plaque brachytherapy (PBT) (n = 1, 2%). One patient was lost to follow-up after detection of tumor in the second eye. Recurrent tumors were noted in 16 (32%) eyes and binocular globe salvage was achieved in 16 (64%) patients at a mean follow up of 41 months (median 30 months; range, 1-164 months). CONCLUSION OSSN occurrence can be synchronous or metachronous. Meticulous examination of the fellow eye is important for an early diagnosis of OSSN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vijitha S Vempuluru
- Operation Eyesight Universal Institute for Eye Cancer, LV Prasad Eye Institute, Hyderabad, India
| | - Monalisha Pattnaik
- Operation Eyesight Universal Institute for Eye Cancer, LV Prasad Eye Institute, Hyderabad, India
| | - Neha Ghose
- Operation Eyesight Universal Institute for Eye Cancer, LV Prasad Eye Institute, Hyderabad, India
| | - Swathi Kaliki
- Operation Eyesight Universal Institute for Eye Cancer, LV Prasad Eye Institute, Hyderabad, India
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Bannier-Hélaouët M, Post Y, Korving J, Trani Bustos M, Gehart H, Begthel H, Bar-Ephraim YE, van der Vaart J, Kalmann R, Imhoff SM, Clevers H. Exploring the human lacrimal gland using organoids and single-cell sequencing. Cell Stem Cell 2021; 28:1221-1232.e7. [PMID: 33730555 DOI: 10.1016/j.stem.2021.02.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2020] [Revised: 01/11/2021] [Accepted: 02/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
The lacrimal gland is essential for lubrication and protection of the eye. Disruption of lacrimal fluid production, composition, or release results in dry eye, causing discomfort and damage to the ocular surface. Here, we describe the establishment of long-term 3D organoid culture conditions for mouse and human lacrimal gland. Organoids can be expanded over multiple months and recapitulate morphological and transcriptional features of lacrimal ducts. CRISPR-Cas9-mediated genome editing reveals the master regulator for eye development Pax6 to be required for differentiation of adult lacrimal gland cells. We address cellular heterogeneity of the lacrimal gland by providing a single-cell atlas of human lacrimal gland tissue and organoids. Finally, human lacrimal gland organoids phenocopy the process of tear secretion in response to neurotransmitters and can engraft and produce mature tear products upon orthotopic transplantation in mouse. Together, this study provides an experimental platform to study the (patho-)physiology of the lacrimal gland.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie Bannier-Hélaouët
- Hubrecht Institute, Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences (KNAW), University Medical Center Utrecht, 3584 CT Utrecht, the Netherlands; Oncode Institute, Hubrecht Institute, 3584 CT Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Yorick Post
- Hubrecht Institute, Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences (KNAW), University Medical Center Utrecht, 3584 CT Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Jeroen Korving
- Hubrecht Institute, Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences (KNAW), University Medical Center Utrecht, 3584 CT Utrecht, the Netherlands; Oncode Institute, Hubrecht Institute, 3584 CT Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Marc Trani Bustos
- Hubrecht Institute, Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences (KNAW), University Medical Center Utrecht, 3584 CT Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Helmuth Gehart
- Hubrecht Institute, Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences (KNAW), University Medical Center Utrecht, 3584 CT Utrecht, the Netherlands; Institute for Molecular Health Sciences, ETH Zurich, 8093 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Harry Begthel
- Hubrecht Institute, Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences (KNAW), University Medical Center Utrecht, 3584 CT Utrecht, the Netherlands; Oncode Institute, Hubrecht Institute, 3584 CT Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Yotam E Bar-Ephraim
- Hubrecht Institute, Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences (KNAW), University Medical Center Utrecht, 3584 CT Utrecht, the Netherlands; Oncode Institute, Hubrecht Institute, 3584 CT Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Jelte van der Vaart
- Hubrecht Institute, Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences (KNAW), University Medical Center Utrecht, 3584 CT Utrecht, the Netherlands; Oncode Institute, Hubrecht Institute, 3584 CT Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Rachel Kalmann
- Department of Ophthalmology, University Medical Center Utrecht, 3584 CX Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Saskia M Imhoff
- Department of Ophthalmology, University Medical Center Utrecht, 3584 CX Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Hans Clevers
- Hubrecht Institute, Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences (KNAW), University Medical Center Utrecht, 3584 CT Utrecht, the Netherlands; Oncode Institute, Hubrecht Institute, 3584 CT Utrecht, the Netherlands.
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20
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Lata S, Bafna RK, Asif MI, Sachan A. Bilateral liquefactive corneal necrosis: a rare and devastating complication of vitamin A deficiency in the adult. BMJ Case Rep 2021; 14:14/2/e237343. [PMID: 33608333 PMCID: PMC7896612 DOI: 10.1136/bcr-2020-237343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
A 34year-old man presented with diminution of vision, pain and whitish opacity in both eyes (right eye followed by left eye) since 1 week. He is a known case of chronic alcoholic abuse. He had multiple episodes of haemoptysis in the past. On general physical examination, he was severely malnourished with multiple oral ulcers. Visual acuity at presentation was light perception in both eyes with projection of rays accurate in all quadrants. Slit-lamp biomicroscopy revealed bilateral total corneal melt with diffuse conjunctival congestion. Corneal scrapings and blood investigations were done and he was started on empirical topical and systemic therapy followed by surgical intervention, with large corneal grafts in both the eyes (right eye followed by left eye) with 1 day interval. The visual gain in both the eyes were 20/400 at first postoperative day. The right eye developed severe fibrinous reaction on the second postoperative day which resolved with topical antibiotics, topical steroids and systemic steroids. The patient was followed up via telemedicine (due to COVID-19 outbreak) and he is able to carry out his daily routine work independently.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suman Lata
- Ophthalmology, Dr. Rajendra Prasad Center for Ophthalmic Sciences, All India Institute of Medical Sciences (AIIMS), New Delhi, India
| | - Rahul Kumar Bafna
- Ophthalmology, Dr. Rajendra Prasad Center for Ophthalmic Sciences, All India Institute of Medical Sciences (AIIMS), New Delhi, India
| | - Mohamed Ibrahime Asif
- Ophthalmology, Dr. Rajendra Prasad Center for Ophthalmic Sciences, All India Institute of Medical Sciences (AIIMS), New Delhi, India
| | - Anusha Sachan
- Ophthalmology, Dr. Rajendra Prasad Center for Ophthalmic Sciences, All India Institute of Medical Sciences (AIIMS), New Delhi, India
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Abstract
PRECIS In a cohort study of 120,307 participants with 25+ years of follow-up, a history of nonmelanoma skin cancer (NMSC) was associated with a 40% higher exfoliation glaucoma (XFG) risk. PURPOSE The purpose of this study was to evaluate the relationship between NMSC (a marker of ultraviolet radiation exposure) and XFG. METHODS We performed a cohort study of US women (n=79,102; 1980-2014) and men (n=41,205; 1986-2014), aged 40+ years and at risk for glaucoma who reported eye examinations. From 1984 (women)/1988 (men), we asked about basal cell carcinoma or squamous cell carcinoma history separately; in prior years, we asked about any NMSC history in a single question. Squamous cell carcinoma was confirmed with histopathology reports while basal cell carcinoma and any early (<1984/<1988) NMSC history was self-reported. Incident XFG cases (362 women and 83 men) were confirmed with medical records. Using pooled data, we estimated multivariable-adjusted relative risks [MVRRs; 95% confidence intervals (CIs)] with Cox proportional hazards models that were stratified by age (in mo), 2-year time period at risk and average lifetime residential latitude. RESULTS In multivariable-adjusted analyses, we observed a 40% higher XFG risk with any NMSC history (MVRR=1.40; 95% CI=1.08-1.82); the association was observed even with 4 and 8-year lags in NMSC history. Also, the NMSC association was stronger in younger (below 65 y; MVRR=2.56; 95% CI=1.62-4.05) versus older participants (65 y and above; MVRR=1.25; 95% CI=0.94-1.66; P for interaction=0.01) and those living in the northern latitudes (≥42°N; MVRR=1.92; 95% CI=1.28-2.88) versus more southern latitudes (<42°N; MVRR=1.19; 95% CI=0.86-1.66; P for interaction=0.04). CONCLUSION NMSC was associated with higher XFG risk, particularly among younger participants and those living in the Northern US.
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Observational study of ocular surface squamous neoplasia: Risk factors, diagnosis, management and outcomes at a tertiary eye hospital in South Africa. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0237453. [PMID: 32780766 PMCID: PMC7418961 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0237453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2020] [Accepted: 07/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Ocular surface squamous neoplasia (OSSN) is the most common ocular surface tumour. Diagnosis and management have traditionally been by excision biopsy. Recently there has been success with the use of topical chemo or immunotherapy, which has resulted in a move from invasive diagnosis by histology to an array of non-invasive diagnostic tests. METHODS This observational study aims to describe the characteristics of patients with OSSN at St John Eye Hospital in Johannesburg, South Africa. Non-invasive diagnostic tests (impression cytology, anterior segment-OCT, methylene blue staining) will be compared to the gold standard, histology. Treatment success, recurrence and adverse events will be documented between three treatment options that include: surgical excision, topical 5-Fluorouracil (5FU) chemotherapy, and topical 5FU with retinoic acid therapy. DISCUSSION There is a trend to the use of less invasive diagnosis and management for OSSN. Minimally invasive diagnostic tests include cytology, anterior-segment OCT and methylene blue staining. The study will compare these to the gold standard histology, thereby providing evidence for their use in clinical practice. Interferon alpha 2b is commonly used as immunotherapy for OSSN. The cost of this medication is prohibitive to its adoption in a developing country. We therefore decided to use 5FU as the chemotherapeutic agent of choice in this study. The success, adverse events and recurrence rates with this agent may provide additional evidence for its use in the management of OSSN. Overall, if diagnosis and management can be implemented with good success in the outpatient environment, care can be improved for this condition in a developing country.
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Association of meibomian gland architecture and body mass index in a pediatric population. Ocul Surf 2020; 18:657-662. [PMID: 32707337 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtos.2020.06.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2019] [Revised: 06/07/2020] [Accepted: 06/27/2020] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To determine if meibomian gland architecture in a pediatric population is impacted by body mass index (BMI). METHODS Prospective evaluation of 175 eyes of 175 pediatric patients from two clinics. Demographic and clinical information were reviewed. Symptoms of dry eye were assessed with the Standard Patient Evaluation of Eye Dryness (SPEED) questionnaire. Meibography was performed and grading of images was performed by a masked rater using a previously validated 5-point meiboscale (0-4) for gland atrophy and a 3-point score (0-2) for gland tortuosity. RESULTS 175 eyes of 175 participants aged 4-17 years (11.6 ± 3.7 years) were imaged. The mean meiboscore was 0.82 ± 0.94 (range 0-4) and the mean gland tortuosity score was 0.53 ± 0.70 (range 0-2). Ninety-six patients (56%) showed evidence of gland atrophy (meiboscore greater than 0) and the majority of patients (n=50, 29%) had a gland tortuosity score of 1. The mean BMI was 20.5 ± 4.86 kg/m2 with 39.4% of patients (n = 69) above the 85th percentile. BMI percentile was not found to be a significant predictor of a meiboscore greater than 0 (odds ratio (OR) 1.004 95% confidence interval (CI) (0.99-1.10, p = 0.41). However, BMI percentile was found to be a significant predictor of gland tortuosity score (OR 1.01 95% CI (1.00-1.02), p = 0.02). Patients with BMI percentiles between 41 and 60 were 3.79 times more likely to have a gland tortuosity score of greater than 0 than patients with BMI percentiles between 0 and 20 (OR 3.789 CI (1.17-12.24)). No significant associations were found between age, race, or sex and meiboscore or tortuosity. There was a trend towards reduction in lipid layer thickness with increasing BMI percentile (p = 0.028, r2 = 0.04). CONCLUSION In this pediatric population, there was an association between meibomian gland tortuosity and higher percentiles of BMI. Future studies are needed to elucidate the pathogenesis of meibomian gland tortuosity and atrophy in pediatric patients.
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Utine CA, Li G, Asbell P, Pflugfelder S, Akpek E. Ocular surface disease associated with dupilumab treatment for atopic diseases. Ocul Surf 2020; 19:151-156. [PMID: 32439390 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtos.2020.05.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2020] [Revised: 05/12/2020] [Accepted: 05/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Dupilumab is the first US FDA approved biologic for treatment of atopic dermatitis. It is a human monoclonal antibody which blocks the shared receptor component, the interleukin (IL)-4α subunit, of IL-4 and IL-13 signaling pathways. Occurrence of "conjunctivitis", mostly in atopic dermatitis trials, has been the main side effect reported thus far. The etiology of "conjunctivitis" associated with dupilumab treatment is unclear and might be similar to atopic keratoconjunctivitis. There is evidence in the published literature that unlike the Th2-like profile in vernal keratoconjunctivitis, Th1-mediated inflammation is predominant in atopic keratoconjunctivitis. Blocking the Th2 pathway with dupilumab therapy might result in a shift towards Th1, causing the ocular findings associated with dupilumab. In addition, blockage of IL-13 might have implications with regards to mucin production and ocular surface health. This review highlights the clinical manifestations, reviews treatment options and offers explanations for pathogenesis of this ocular surface diseases associated with dupilumab treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Canan Asli Utine
- Department of Ophthalmology, Dokuz Eylul University, Izmir, Turkey; Izmir Biomedicine and Genome Center, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Gavin Li
- The Wilmer Eye Institute, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Penny Asbell
- The Hamilton Eye Institute, The University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, USA
| | | | - Esen Akpek
- The Wilmer Eye Institute, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.
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Alam J, de Paiva CS, Pflugfelder SC. Immune - Goblet cell interaction in the conjunctiva. Ocul Surf 2020; 18:326-334. [PMID: 31953222 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtos.2019.12.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2019] [Revised: 11/24/2019] [Accepted: 12/15/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The conjunctiva is a goblet cell rich mucosal tissue. Goblet cells are supported by tear growth factors and IL-13 produced by resident immune cells. Goblet cell secretions are essential for maintaining tear stability and ocular surface homeostasis. In addition to producing tear stabilizing mucins, they also produce cytokines and retinoic acid that condition monocyte-derived phagocytic cells in the conjunctiva. Aqueous tear deficiency from lacrimal gland disease and systemic inflammatory conditions results in goblet cell loss that amplifies dry eye severity. Reduced goblet cell density is correlated with more severe conjunctival disease, increased IFN-γ expression and antigen presenting cell maturation. Sterile Alpha Motif (SAM) pointed domain epithelial specific transcription factor (Spdef) gene deficient mice that lack goblet cells have increased infiltration of monocytes and dendritic cells with greater IL-12 expression in the conjunctiva. Similar findings were observed in the conjunctiva of aged mice. Reduced retinoic acid receptor (RXRα) signaling also increases conjunctival monocyte infiltration, IFN-γ expression and goblet cell loss. Evidence suggests that dry eye therapies that suppress IFN-γ expression preserve conjunctival goblet cell number and function and should be considered in aqueous deficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jehan Alam
- Department of Ophthalmology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Cintia S de Paiva
- Department of Ophthalmology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Stephen C Pflugfelder
- Department of Ophthalmology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, United States.
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Xiao Y, de Paiva CS, Yu Z, de Souza RG, Li DQ, Pflugfelder SC. Goblet cell-produced retinoic acid suppresses CD86 expression and IL-12 production in bone marrow-derived cells. Int Immunol 2019; 30:457-470. [PMID: 30010888 DOI: 10.1093/intimm/dxy045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2018] [Accepted: 07/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Conjunctival goblet cell loss in ocular surface diseases is accompanied by increased number of interleukin-12 (IL-12)-producing antigen-presenting cells (APCs) and increased interferon-γ (IFN-γ) expression. This study tested the hypothesis that mouse conjunctival goblet cells produce biologically active retinoic acid (RA) that suppresses CD86 expression and IL-12 production by myeloid cells. We found that conditioned media from cultured conjunctival goblet cells (CjCM) suppressed stimulated CD86 expression, NF-κB p65 activation and IL-12 and IFN-γ production in unstimulated and lipopolysaccharide-stimulated cultured bone marrow-derived cells (BMDCs) containing a mixed population of APCs. Goblet cell-conditioned, ovalbumin-loaded APCs suppressed IFN-γ production and increased IL-13 production in co-cultured OTII cells. The goblet cell suppressive activity is due in part to their ability to synthesize RA from retinol. Conjunctival goblet cells had greater expression of aldehyde dehydrogenases Aldh1a1 and a3 and ALDEFLUOR activity than cornea epithelium lacking goblet cells. The conditioning activity was lost in goblet cells treated with an ALDH inhibitor, and a retinoid receptor alpha antagonist blocked the suppressive effects of CjCM on IL-12 production. Similar to RA, CjCM increased expression of suppressor of cytokine signaling 3 (SOCS3) in BMDCs. SOCS3 silencing reversed the IL-12-suppressive effects of CjCM. Our findings indicate that conjunctival goblet cells are capable of synthesizing RA from retinol secreted by the lacrimal gland into tears that can condition APCs. Evidence suggests goblet cell RA may function in maintaining conjunctival immune tolerance and loss of conjunctival goblet cells may contribute to increased Th1 priming in dry eye.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yangyan Xiao
- Cullen Eye Institute, Department of Ophthalmology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA.,Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, P. R. China
| | - Cintia S de Paiva
- Cullen Eye Institute, Department of Ophthalmology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Zhiyuan Yu
- Cullen Eye Institute, Department of Ophthalmology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Rodrigo G de Souza
- Cullen Eye Institute, Department of Ophthalmology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - De-Quan Li
- Cullen Eye Institute, Department of Ophthalmology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Stephen C Pflugfelder
- Cullen Eye Institute, Department of Ophthalmology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
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Inhibition of thrombin, an unexplored function of retinoic acid. Biochem Biophys Rep 2019; 18:100636. [PMID: 31049420 PMCID: PMC6484212 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrep.2019.100636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2018] [Revised: 04/01/2019] [Accepted: 04/03/2019] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Retinoic acid, a derivative of vitamin A, is known to possess in vivo anti-inflammatory, anti-platelet and fibrinolytic activities. We have investigated the in vitro thrombin and platelet aggregation inhibitory activities of vitamin A (retinol) and its derivatives, retinoic acid and retinaldehyde. The thrombin enzymatic assay was performed fluorimetrically to assess the inhibition of thrombin (Sigma and plasma). Retinoic acid, retinaldehyde and retinol exhibited potent inhibition of thrombin, with IC50 values of 67μg/ml, 74μg/ml and 152μg/ml, respectively for the inhibition of thrombin (Sigma); and 49μg/ml, 74μg/ml and 178μg/ml, respectively for the inhibition of thrombin (plasma). Amongst vitamin A and its derivatives, retinoic acid showed the highest inhibition of both the forms of thrombin. Vitamin A and its derivatives also displayed remarkable inhibition of platelet aggregation. This is the first report of vitamin A and its derivatives showing inhibition of thrombin and platelet aggregation in vitro. Inhibition of thrombin by retinoic acid in vitro. Comparison of in vitro thrombin inhibitory activity of retinoic acid with retinaldehyde and retinol. Inhibition of platelet aggregation by vitamin A and its derivatives in vitro.
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Miyake M, Kakizawa Y, Tobori N, Kurioka M, Tabuchi N, Kon R, Shimokawa N, Tsujino Y, Takagi M. Membrane permeation of giant unilamellar vesicles and corneal epithelial cells with lipophilic vitamin nanoemulsions. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2018; 169:444-452. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2018.05.052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2017] [Revised: 05/08/2018] [Accepted: 05/23/2018] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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Cabral-Macias J, García-De la Rosa G, Rodríguez-Matilde DF, Vela-Barrera ID, Ledesma-Gil J, Ramirez-Miranda A, Graue-Hernandez EO, Navas A. Pressure-induced stromal keratopathy after laser in situ keratomileusis: Acute and late-onset presentations. J Cataract Refract Surg 2018; 44:1284-1290. [PMID: 30107965 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcrs.2018.06.053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2018] [Revised: 06/21/2018] [Accepted: 06/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
We present a series of 4 cases of pressure-induced stromal keratopathy after laser in situ keratomileusis (LASIK). Four patients (5 eyes) with previous LASIK presented for poor visual acuity and ocular pain because of ocular hypertension. At examination, all cases revealed corneal haze and a space filled with fluid between the surgical flap and the residual stroma. All cases were managed with topical hypotensive treatment and one of them was also treated with a valve drainage device. Topical steroids restriction was indicated in all cases. Intraocular pressure (IOP) was normalized in all cases with subsequent interface fluid resolution and significant improvement of vision in most cases. Early recognition and appropriate treatment for pressure-induced stromal keratopathy is essential to avoid complications associated with prolonged elevated IOP. It is extremely important to measure the IOP in the peripheral cornea because IOP in the central cornea can be incorrectly measured with the characteristic interface fluid developed in this entity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jesus Cabral-Macias
- From the Department of Cornea and Refractive Surgery (Cabral-Macias, García-De la Rosa, Rodríguez-Matilde, Vela-Barrera, Ramirez-Miranda, Graue-Hernandez, Graue-Hernandez) and the Department of Glaucoma (Ledesma-Gil), Instituto de Oftalmología Conde de Valenciana, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Guillermo García-De la Rosa
- From the Department of Cornea and Refractive Surgery (Cabral-Macias, García-De la Rosa, Rodríguez-Matilde, Vela-Barrera, Ramirez-Miranda, Graue-Hernandez, Graue-Hernandez) and the Department of Glaucoma (Ledesma-Gil), Instituto de Oftalmología Conde de Valenciana, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Diana F Rodríguez-Matilde
- From the Department of Cornea and Refractive Surgery (Cabral-Macias, García-De la Rosa, Rodríguez-Matilde, Vela-Barrera, Ramirez-Miranda, Graue-Hernandez, Graue-Hernandez) and the Department of Glaucoma (Ledesma-Gil), Instituto de Oftalmología Conde de Valenciana, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Ivan Daryl Vela-Barrera
- From the Department of Cornea and Refractive Surgery (Cabral-Macias, García-De la Rosa, Rodríguez-Matilde, Vela-Barrera, Ramirez-Miranda, Graue-Hernandez, Graue-Hernandez) and the Department of Glaucoma (Ledesma-Gil), Instituto de Oftalmología Conde de Valenciana, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Jasbeth Ledesma-Gil
- From the Department of Cornea and Refractive Surgery (Cabral-Macias, García-De la Rosa, Rodríguez-Matilde, Vela-Barrera, Ramirez-Miranda, Graue-Hernandez, Graue-Hernandez) and the Department of Glaucoma (Ledesma-Gil), Instituto de Oftalmología Conde de Valenciana, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Arturo Ramirez-Miranda
- From the Department of Cornea and Refractive Surgery (Cabral-Macias, García-De la Rosa, Rodríguez-Matilde, Vela-Barrera, Ramirez-Miranda, Graue-Hernandez, Graue-Hernandez) and the Department of Glaucoma (Ledesma-Gil), Instituto de Oftalmología Conde de Valenciana, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Enrique O Graue-Hernandez
- From the Department of Cornea and Refractive Surgery (Cabral-Macias, García-De la Rosa, Rodríguez-Matilde, Vela-Barrera, Ramirez-Miranda, Graue-Hernandez, Graue-Hernandez) and the Department of Glaucoma (Ledesma-Gil), Instituto de Oftalmología Conde de Valenciana, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Alejandro Navas
- From the Department of Cornea and Refractive Surgery (Cabral-Macias, García-De la Rosa, Rodríguez-Matilde, Vela-Barrera, Ramirez-Miranda, Graue-Hernandez, Graue-Hernandez) and the Department of Glaucoma (Ledesma-Gil), Instituto de Oftalmología Conde de Valenciana, Mexico City, Mexico.
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Jaggi U, Varanasi SK, Bhela S, Rouse BT. On the role of retinoic acid in virus induced inflammatory response in cornea. Microbes Infect 2018; 20:337-345. [PMID: 29842984 DOI: 10.1016/j.micinf.2018.04.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2018] [Revised: 04/22/2018] [Accepted: 04/30/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Ocular infection with herpes simplex virus (HSV) can result in a chronic immune inflammatory lesion that is a significant cause of human blindness. A key to controlling stromal keratitis (SK) lesion severity is to identify cellular and molecular events responsible for tissue damage and to counteract them. One potentially useful approach to achieve such therapy is Retinoic Acid (RA). Here we show that RA therapy reduces the severity of SK by having inhibitory effects on the T effector subtypes responsible for orchestrating SK. RA also served to stabilize the function of regulatory T cell (Treg) which counteract inflammatory cell activity. The Treg stabilizing effect was demonstrated by in vitro studies where RA was shown to retain Foxp3 expression when exposed to proinflammatory conditions such as IL-12 and IL-6+TGF-β. in vivo studies revealed that RA exerted its stabilizing effects by downregulating IL-6R expression on Treg after HSV-1 infection and this helped to control the progression of SK. Since the therapy was effective when used both early and after the initiation of lesions, it may represent a valuable means of therapy when used alone or along with additional therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ujjaldeep Jaggi
- Department of Biomedical and Diagnostic Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN, 37996, USA
| | - Siva Karthik Varanasi
- Department of Genome Science and Technology, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN, 37996, USA
| | - Siddheshvar Bhela
- Department of Biomedical and Diagnostic Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN, 37996, USA
| | - Barry T Rouse
- Department of Biomedical and Diagnostic Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN, 37996, USA.
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Liu K, Zou C, Qin B. The association between nuclear receptors and ocular diseases. Oncotarget 2018; 8:27603-27615. [PMID: 28187442 PMCID: PMC5432361 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.15178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2016] [Accepted: 01/24/2017] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Nuclear hormone receptors (NRs) are one of the most abundant transcription factors in the human cells. They regulate expression of genes via interactions with corresponding ligands, co-activators, and co-repressors. These molecular pathways play important roles in the development, cell differentiation, and physiologic and metabolic processes. Increasingly, targeting nuclear receptors is becoming a promising strategy for new drug development. The aim of this review is to discuss the association between nuclear receptors and eye development, and expand their role in various ocular diseases such as keratitis, cataract, glaucoma, uveitis, retinopathy, and ophthalmic tumors. Recent studies in this area are highlighted as well as future research directions and potential clinical applications. Finally, various strategies will be elucidated to inspire more targeted therapies for ocular diseases through the use of nuclear receptors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ke Liu
- Jinan University, Guangzhou, China.,Shenzhen Eye Hospital, Affiliated Shenzhen Eye Hospital of Jinan University, Joint College of Optometry of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Ocular Trauma Treatment and Stem Cell Differentiation Public Service Platform of Shenzhen, Shenzhen, China
| | - Chang Zou
- Clinical Medical Research Center, The Second Clinical Medical College, Shenzhen People's Hospital, Jinan University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Bo Qin
- Shenzhen Eye Hospital, Affiliated Shenzhen Eye Hospital of Jinan University, Joint College of Optometry of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Ocular Trauma Treatment and Stem Cell Differentiation Public Service Platform of Shenzhen, Shenzhen, China
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Klefter ON, Rasmussen MLR, Toft PB, Heegaard S. Therapeutic options for conjunctival neoplasia. EXPERT REVIEW OF OPHTHALMOLOGY 2018. [DOI: 10.1080/17469899.2018.1417840] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Oliver Niels Klefter
- Department of Ophthalmology, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | | | - Peter Bjerre Toft
- Department of Ophthalmology, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Steffen Heegaard
- Department of Ophthalmology, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Pathology, Eye Pathology Section, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
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Chhadva P, Goldhardt R, Galor A. Meibomian Gland Disease: The Role of Gland Dysfunction in Dry Eye Disease. Ophthalmology 2017; 124:S20-S26. [PMID: 29055358 DOI: 10.1016/j.ophtha.2017.05.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 206] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2017] [Revised: 05/18/2017] [Accepted: 05/25/2017] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
TOPIC To discuss the pathology, causes, and ocular surface impact of meibomian gland disease (MGD), as well as its relationship to dry eye. CLINICAL RELEVANCE MGD is a common disorder with various contributing mechanisms and clinical manifestations. Understanding MGD pathophysiology and its relationship to dry eye is important in order to optimize diagnosis and treatment algorithms. METHODS A review of current literature was performed to discern MGD in terms of pathophysiology, risk factors, and ocular surface impact, and the relationship to dry eye. RESULTS Meibomian gland obstruction and meibocyte depletion are important components of MGD. Many pathologies can disrupt function of meibomian glands, ranging from congenital to acquired causes. Once gland disruption occurs, the quality and quantity of meibum is altered, with a negative impact on the ocular surface. Increased tear evaporation, tear hyperosmolarity, increased ocular surface staining, increased inflammation, symptomatic irritation of the eyelid and globes, as well as decreased visual acuity have all been observed. CONCLUSION MGD leads to changes in meibum quality and quantity that can cause evaporative dry eye and ocular surface disruption, leading to dry eye symptoms in some individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Priyanka Chhadva
- Department of Ophthalmology, Illinois Eye and Ear Infirmary, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Raquel Goldhardt
- Bascom Palmer Eye Institute, Miami, Florida; Miami Veterans Administration Medical Center, Miami, Florida
| | - Anat Galor
- Bascom Palmer Eye Institute, Miami, Florida; Miami Veterans Administration Medical Center, Miami, Florida.
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Reimondez-Troitiño S, Alcalde I, Csaba N, Íñigo-Portugués A, de la Fuente M, Bech F, Riestra AC, Merayo-Lloves J, Alonso MJ. Polymeric nanocapsules: a potential new therapy for corneal wound healing. Drug Deliv Transl Res 2017; 6:708-721. [PMID: 27392604 DOI: 10.1007/s13346-016-0312-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Corneal injuries are one of the most frequently observed ocular diseases, leading to permanent damage and impaired vision if they are not treated properly. In this sense, adequate wound healing after injury is critical for keeping the integrity and structure of the cornea. The goal of this work was to assess the potential of polymeric nanocapsules, either unloaded or loaded with cyclosporine A or vitamin A, alone or in combination with mitomycin C, for the treatment of corneal injuries induced by photorefractive keratectomy surgery. The biopolymers selected for the formation of the nanocapsules were polyarginine and protamine, which are known for their penetration enhancement effect. The results showed that, following topical instillation to a mouse model of corneal injury, all the nanocapsule formulations, either unloaded or loaded with cyclosporine A or vitamin A, were able to stimulate corneal wound healing. In addition, the healing rate observed for the combination of unloaded protamine nanocapsules with mitomycin C was comparable to the one observed for the positive control Cacicol®, a biopolymer known as a corneal wound healing enhancer. Regarding the corneal opacity, the initial grade of corneal haze (>3) induced by the photorefractive keratectomy was more rapidly reduced in the case of the positive control, Cacicol®, than in corneas treated with the nanocapsules. In conclusion, this work shows that drug-free arginine-rich (polyarginine, protamine) nanocapsules exhibit a positive behavior with regard to their potential use for corneal wound healing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonia Reimondez-Troitiño
- Nanobiofar Group, Center for Research in Molecular Medicine and Chronic Diseases (CIMUS), Health Research Institute of Santiago de Compostela (IDIS), Department of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Technology, School of Pharmacy, University of Santiago de Compostela, Campus Vida, Santiago de Compostela, Spain.,Translational Medical Oncology Group, Health Research Institute of Santiago de Compostela (IDIS), Clinical University Hospital of Santiago de Compostela (CHUS), Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Ignacio Alcalde
- Instituto Universitario Fernández-Vega, Fundación de Investigación Oftalmológica, Universidad de Oviedo, Oviedo, Spain
| | - Noemi Csaba
- Nanobiofar Group, Center for Research in Molecular Medicine and Chronic Diseases (CIMUS), Health Research Institute of Santiago de Compostela (IDIS), Department of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Technology, School of Pharmacy, University of Santiago de Compostela, Campus Vida, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Almudena Íñigo-Portugués
- Instituto Universitario Fernández-Vega, Fundación de Investigación Oftalmológica, Universidad de Oviedo, Oviedo, Spain
| | - María de la Fuente
- Translational Medical Oncology Group, Health Research Institute of Santiago de Compostela (IDIS), Clinical University Hospital of Santiago de Compostela (CHUS), Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Federico Bech
- Instituto Universitario Fernández-Vega, Fundación de Investigación Oftalmológica, Universidad de Oviedo, Oviedo, Spain
| | - Ana C Riestra
- Instituto Universitario Fernández-Vega, Fundación de Investigación Oftalmológica, Universidad de Oviedo, Oviedo, Spain
| | - Jesús Merayo-Lloves
- Instituto Universitario Fernández-Vega, Fundación de Investigación Oftalmológica, Universidad de Oviedo, Oviedo, Spain.
| | - María J Alonso
- Nanobiofar Group, Center for Research in Molecular Medicine and Chronic Diseases (CIMUS), Health Research Institute of Santiago de Compostela (IDIS), Department of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Technology, School of Pharmacy, University of Santiago de Compostela, Campus Vida, Santiago de Compostela, Spain.
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Di Prima G, Saladino S, Bongiovì F, Adamo G, Ghersi G, Pitarresi G, Giammona G. Novel inulin-based mucoadhesive micelles loaded with corticosteroids as potential transcorneal permeation enhancers. Eur J Pharm Biopharm 2017; 117:385-399. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejpb.2017.05.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2017] [Revised: 05/03/2017] [Accepted: 05/12/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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Gomes JAP, Azar DT, Baudouin C, Efron N, Hirayama M, Horwath-Winter J, Kim T, Mehta JS, Messmer EM, Pepose JS, Sangwan VS, Weiner AL, Wilson SE, Wolffsohn JS. TFOS DEWS II iatrogenic report. Ocul Surf 2017; 15:511-538. [PMID: 28736341 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtos.2017.05.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 255] [Impact Index Per Article: 36.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2017] [Accepted: 05/02/2017] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Dry eye can be caused by a variety of iatrogenic interventions. The increasing number of patients looking for eye care or cosmetic procedures involving the eyes, together with a better understanding of the pathophysiological mechanisms of dry eye disease (DED), have led to the need for a specific report about iatrogenic dry eye within the TFOS DEWS II. Topical medications can cause DED due to their allergic, toxic and immuno-inflammatory effects on the ocular surface. Preservatives, such as benzalkonium chloride, may further aggravate DED. A variety of systemic drugs can also induce DED secondary to multiple mechanisms. Moreover, the use of contact lens induces or is associated with DED. However, one of the most emblematic situations is DED caused by surgical procedures such as corneal refractive surgery as in laser-assisted in situ keratomileusis (LASIK) and keratoplasty due to mechanisms intrinsic to the procedure (i.e. corneal nerve cutting) or even by the use of postoperative topical drugs. Cataract surgery, lid surgeries, botulinum toxin application and cosmetic procedures are also considered risk factors to iatrogenic DED, which can cause patient dissatisfaction, visual disturbance and poor surgical outcomes. This report also presents future directions to address iatrogenic DED, including the need for more in-depth epidemiological studies about the risk factors, development of less toxic medications and preservatives, as well as new techniques for less invasive eye surgeries. Novel research into detection of early dry eye prior to surgeries, efforts to establish appropriate therapeutics and a greater attempt to regulate and oversee medications, preservatives and procedures should be considered.
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Affiliation(s)
- José Alvaro P Gomes
- Dept. of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Federal University of Sao Paulo/Paulista School of Medicine (UNIFESP/EPM), São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
| | - Dimitri T Azar
- University of Illinois College of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | | | - Nathan Efron
- School of Optometry and Vision Science, Queensland University of Technology, Queensland, Australia
| | - Masatoshi Hirayama
- Department of Ophthalmology, School of Medicine, Keio University, Tokyo, Japan
| | | | - Terry Kim
- Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA; Duke University Eye Center, Durham, NC, USA
| | | | - Elisabeth M Messmer
- Department of Ophthalmology, Ludwig-Maximilians-University (LMU), Munich, Germany
| | - Jay S Pepose
- Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | | | | | - Steven E Wilson
- Cole Eye Institute, The Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA
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Nassiri N, Rodriguez Torres Y, Meyer Z, Beyer MA, Vellaichamy G, Dhaliwal AS, Chungfat N, Hwang FS. Current and emerging therapy of dry eye disease. Part A: pharmacological modalities. EXPERT REVIEW OF OPHTHALMOLOGY 2017. [DOI: 10.1080/17469899.2017.1327350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Nariman Nassiri
- Kresge Eye Institute - Department of Ophthalmology, School of Medicine, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Yasaira Rodriguez Torres
- Kresge Eye Institute - Department of Ophthalmology, School of Medicine, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Zachary Meyer
- Kresge Eye Institute - Department of Ophthalmology, School of Medicine, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Michael A. Beyer
- Kresge Eye Institute - Department of Ophthalmology, School of Medicine, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Gautham Vellaichamy
- Kresge Eye Institute - Department of Ophthalmology, School of Medicine, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Amar S. Dhaliwal
- Kresge Eye Institute - Department of Ophthalmology, School of Medicine, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Neil Chungfat
- Department of Ophthalmology, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Frank S. Hwang
- Kresge Eye Institute - Department of Ophthalmology, School of Medicine, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, USA
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Role of topical dehydroepiandrosterone in ameliorating isotretinoin-induced Meibomian gland dysfunction in adult male albino rat. Ann Anat 2017; 211:78-87. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aanat.2017.01.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2016] [Revised: 12/20/2016] [Accepted: 01/04/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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Prat C, Belville C, Comptour A, Marceau G, Clairefond G, Chiambaretta F, Sapin V, Blanchon L. Myocilin expression is regulated by retinoic acid in the trabecular meshwork-derived cellular environment. Exp Eye Res 2017; 155:91-98. [PMID: 28153738 DOI: 10.1016/j.exer.2017.01.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2016] [Revised: 01/17/2017] [Accepted: 01/25/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Glaucoma is the leading cause of irreversible blindness and is usually classified as angle closure and open angle glaucoma (OAG). Primary open angle glaucoma represents the most frequent clinical presentation leading to ganglion cell death and optic nerve degeneration as a main consequence of an intraocular pressure' (IOP) increase. The mechanisms of this IOP increase in such pathology remain unclear but one protein called Myocilin could be a part of the puzzle in the trabecular meshwork (TM). Previously described to be transcriptionally regulated by glucocorticoids, the comprehension of the trabecular regulation of Myocilin' expression has only weakly progressed since 15 years. Due to the essential molecular and cellular implications of retinoids' pathway in eye development and physiology, we investigate the potential role of the retinoic acid in such regulation and expression. This study demonstrates that the global retinoids signaling machinery is present in immortalized TM cells and that Myocilin (MYOC) expression is upregulated by retinoic acid alone or combined with a glucocorticoid co-treatment. This regulation by retinoic acid acts through the MYOC promoter which contains a critical cluster of four retinoic acid responsive elements (RAREs), with the RARE-DR2 presenting the strongest effect and binding the RARα/RXRα heterodimer. All together, these results open up new perspectives for the molecular understanding glaucoma pathophysiology and provide further actionable clues on Myocilin gene regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cécile Prat
- EA7281 - Retinoids, Reproduction Developmental Diseases, School of Medicine, Clermont Université, Université d'Auvergne, F-63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France.
| | - Corinne Belville
- EA7281 - Retinoids, Reproduction Developmental Diseases, School of Medicine, Clermont Université, Université d'Auvergne, F-63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France; GReD, CNRS UMR6293-Clermont Université-INSERM U1103, Université d'Auvergne, F-63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France.
| | - Aurélie Comptour
- EA7281 - Retinoids, Reproduction Developmental Diseases, School of Medicine, Clermont Université, Université d'Auvergne, F-63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France.
| | - Geoffroy Marceau
- EA7281 - Retinoids, Reproduction Developmental Diseases, School of Medicine, Clermont Université, Université d'Auvergne, F-63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France; Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Department, CHU Clermont-Ferrand, F-63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France.
| | - Gael Clairefond
- EA7281 - Retinoids, Reproduction Developmental Diseases, School of Medicine, Clermont Université, Université d'Auvergne, F-63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France.
| | - Frédéric Chiambaretta
- EA7281 - Retinoids, Reproduction Developmental Diseases, School of Medicine, Clermont Université, Université d'Auvergne, F-63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France; Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Department, CHU Clermont-Ferrand, F-63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France; CHU Clermont-Ferrand, Ophthalmology Department, F-63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France.
| | - Vincent Sapin
- EA7281 - Retinoids, Reproduction Developmental Diseases, School of Medicine, Clermont Université, Université d'Auvergne, F-63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France; Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Department, CHU Clermont-Ferrand, F-63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France.
| | - Loïc Blanchon
- EA7281 - Retinoids, Reproduction Developmental Diseases, School of Medicine, Clermont Université, Université d'Auvergne, F-63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France.
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Lynch AP, Ahearne M. Retinoic Acid Enhances the Differentiation of Adipose-Derived Stem Cells to Keratocytes In Vitro. Transl Vis Sci Technol 2017; 6:6. [PMID: 28138416 PMCID: PMC5270625 DOI: 10.1167/tvst.6.1.6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2016] [Accepted: 12/05/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose All-trans retinoic acid (RA) supplementation was investigated as a method of enhancing the differentiation of human adipose-derived stem cells (ASCs) to corneal keratocytes in vitro, in combination with a chemically defined serum-free medium. Methods Adipose-derived stem cells were cultured in monolayer and supplemented with 0.1, 1, or 10 μM RA for 14 days. The effects of RA on cell proliferation, migration, and extracellular matrix (ECM) accumulation were evaluated. In addition, the expression of phenotypic keratocyte markers was examined by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (PCR), immunocytochemistry, and Western blotting. Results Adipose-derived stem cells cultured with RA showed improved cell proliferation and ECM production. In addition, RA enhanced the expression of keratocyte-specific markers, keratocan, aldehyde dehydrogenase 3A1, lumican, and decorin, when compared to serum-free media alone. Furthermore, the presence of RA increased the amount of collagen type I while reducing the expression of fibrotic marker, α-smooth muscle actin. Conclusions These findings indicate that RA is a useful supplement for promoting a keratocyte phenotype in ASC. Translational Relevance This study is particularly important for the generation of biological corneal substitutes and next generation cell based therapies for corneal conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amy P Lynch
- Trinity Centre for Bioengineering, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College Dublin, University of Dublin, Dublin, Ireland, ; Department of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering, School of Engineering, Trinity College Dublin, University of Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Mark Ahearne
- Trinity Centre for Bioengineering, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College Dublin, University of Dublin, Dublin, Ireland, ; Department of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering, School of Engineering, Trinity College Dublin, University of Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
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Epidemiology of dry eye disease in Africa: The sparse information, gaps and opportunities. Ocul Surf 2017; 15:159-168. [PMID: 28065724 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtos.2017.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2016] [Revised: 12/27/2016] [Accepted: 01/03/2017] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Dry eye disease (DED) is an increasingly significant clinical problem in developing countries and/or emerging economies. Existing studies on DED conducted in these areas have largely reported on associations between DED and infectious disease (trachoma) and malnutrition (hypovitaminosis A), but current trends of industrialization, urbanization, and modernization in these areas could result in a shift to other forms of DED. Herein, we review the epidemiology of DED in these geographic areas, highlighting potential causes and risk factors of DED while presenting information on diagnostic tools and algorithms and insight into some treatment modalities of DED that could prove useful to clinicians and investigators in these regions.
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Gichuhi S, Macharia E, Kabiru J, Zindamoyen AM, Rono H, Ollando E, Wachira J, Munene R, Onyuma T, Jaoko WG, Sagoo MS, Weiss HA, Burton MJ. Risk factors for ocular surface squamous neoplasia in Kenya: a case-control study. Trop Med Int Health 2016; 21:1522-1530. [PMID: 27714903 PMCID: PMC5574019 DOI: 10.1111/tmi.12792] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To determine modifiable risk factors of ocular surface squamous neoplasia (OSSN) in Kenya using disease-free controls. METHODS Adults with conjunctival lesions were recruited at four eye care centres in Kenya and underwent excision biopsy. An equal number of controls having surgery for conditions not affecting the conjunctiva and unrelated to ultraviolet light were group-matched to cases by age group, sex and eye care centre. Associations of risk factors with OSSN were evaluated using multivariable logistic regression to estimate odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CIs). Continuous variables were compared using the t-test or the Wilcoxon-Mann-Whitney U-test depending on their distribution. RESULTS A total of 131 cases and 131 controls were recruited. About two-thirds of participants were female, and the mean age of cases and controls was 42.1 years and 43.3 years, respectively. Risk factors for OSSN were HIV infection without antiretroviral therapy (ART) use (OR = 48.42; 95% CI: 7.73-303.31) and with ART use (OR = 19.16; 95% CI: 6.60-55.57), longer duration of exposure to the sun in the main occupation (6.9 h/day vs. 4.6 h/day, OR = 1.24; 95% CI: 1.10-1.40) and a history of allergic conjunctivitis (OR = 74.61; 95% CI: 8.08-688.91). Wearing hats was protective (OR = 0.22; 95% CI: 0.07-0.63). CONCLUSION Measures to prevent and control HIV, reduce sun exposure such as wearing hats and control allergic conjunctivitis are recommended.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen Gichuhi
- International Centre for Eye Health, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK.,Department of Ophthalmology, University of Nairobi, Nairobi, Kenya
| | | | | | | | - Hillary Rono
- International Centre for Eye Health, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK.,Kitale District Hospital, Kitale, Kenya
| | | | | | | | - Timothy Onyuma
- Department of Pathology, MP Shah Hospital, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Walter G Jaoko
- KAVI Institute of Clinical Research, University of Nairobi, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Mandeep S Sagoo
- UCL Institute of Ophthalmology, London, UK.,Moorfields Eye Hospital, London, UK.,St. Bartholomew's Hospital, London, UK
| | - Helen A Weiss
- MRC Tropical Epidemiology Group, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK
| | - Matthew J Burton
- International Centre for Eye Health, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK.,Moorfields Eye Hospital, London, UK
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Comptour A, Rouzaire M, Belville C, Bonnin N, Daniel E, Chiambaretta F, Blanchon L, Sapin V. Lysyl oxidase-like 4 involvement in retinoic acid epithelial wound healing. Sci Rep 2016; 6:32688. [PMID: 27597564 PMCID: PMC5011693 DOI: 10.1038/srep32688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2016] [Accepted: 08/11/2016] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Vitamin A and its active forms (retinoic acids/RAs) are known to have pro-healing properties, but their mechanisms of action are still poorly understood. This work aimed to identify the cellular and molecular processes by which atRA (all-trans RA) improves wound healing, using an in vivo model of mouse corneal alkali burns and an in vitro cellular human corneal epithelial injury model. Regulation by atRA has been studied on most of the cellular events that occur in wound healing. We investigated the direct influence of atRA on a specific target gene known to be involved in the extracellular matrix (ECM) dynamics, one of the pathways contributing to epithelial repair. Our results demonstrate that atRA promotes corneal epithelial wound healing by acting preferentially on migration. The induction of lysyl oxidase-like 4 (LOXL4) expression by atRA in the corneal epithelium environment was established as essential in the mechanism of atRA-dependent wound healing. Our study describes for the first time a direct link between a retinoic-induced gene and protein, LOXL4, and its general clinical pro-healing properties in ECM dynamics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aurélie Comptour
- Clermont Université, Université d’Auvergne, EA7281 – Retinoids, Reproduction Developmental Diseases, School of Medicine, F-63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Marion Rouzaire
- Clermont Université, Université d’Auvergne, EA7281 – Retinoids, Reproduction Developmental Diseases, School of Medicine, F-63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Corinne Belville
- Clermont Université, Université d’Auvergne, EA7281 – Retinoids, Reproduction Developmental Diseases, School of Medicine, F-63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France
- Clermont Université, Université d’Auvergne, GReD, F-63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Nicolas Bonnin
- Clermont Université, Université d’Auvergne, EA7281 – Retinoids, Reproduction Developmental Diseases, School of Medicine, F-63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France
- CHU Clermont-Ferrand, Ophthalmology Department, F-63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Estelle Daniel
- Clermont Université, Université d’Auvergne, EA7281 – Retinoids, Reproduction Developmental Diseases, School of Medicine, F-63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France
- CHU Clermont-Ferrand, Ophthalmology Department, F-63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Frédéric Chiambaretta
- Clermont Université, Université d’Auvergne, EA7281 – Retinoids, Reproduction Developmental Diseases, School of Medicine, F-63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France
- CHU Clermont-Ferrand, Ophthalmology Department, F-63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Loïc Blanchon
- Clermont Université, Université d’Auvergne, EA7281 – Retinoids, Reproduction Developmental Diseases, School of Medicine, F-63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Vincent Sapin
- Clermont Université, Université d’Auvergne, EA7281 – Retinoids, Reproduction Developmental Diseases, School of Medicine, F-63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France
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Abstract
PURPOSE To report the clinical and histopathological findings of a patient with bilateral keratomalacia arising from severe vitamin A deficiency from panic disorder-related malnutrition. METHODS Case report. RESULTS A 47-year-old male with panic disorder presented with 1 month of painful vision loss sequentially affecting the right and left eyes. He exhibited bilateral conjunctival xerosis with complete corneal melt in the right eye and a large corneal epithelial defect with underlying anterior chamber inflammation in the left eye. Laboratory investigation revealed undetectable serum vitamin A levels attributed to self-induced vomiting and starvation. He was treated with high-dose vitamin A, but the right eye required enucleation. The histological findings are reported. CONCLUSIONS Vitamin A deficiency in the absence of organic gastrointestinal abnormalities is exceedingly rare in the developed world. A strong index of suspicion and thorough review of systems are invaluable in evaluating patients with unexplained corneal melt.
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Abidin FZ, Gouveia RM, Connon CJ. Application of retinoic acid improves form and function of tissue engineered corneal construct. Organogenesis 2015; 11:122-36. [PMID: 26496651 PMCID: PMC4879898 DOI: 10.1080/15476278.2015.1093267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2015] [Revised: 07/22/2015] [Accepted: 09/04/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Retinoic acid has recently been shown to control the phenotype and extracellular matrix composition of corneal stromal cells cultured in vitro as monolayers. This study set out to investigate the effects of retinoic acid on human corneal keratocytes within a 3D environment. Human corneal keratocytes were encapsulated in collagen gels, which were subsequently compressed under load, and cultured in serum-free media supplemented with 10 µM retinoic acid or DMSO vehicle for 30 days. Cell proliferation was quantified on selected days, while the expression of several important keratocytes markers was evaluated at day 30 using RT-PCR and immunoblotting. The weight and size of the collagen constructs were measured before and after hydration and contraction analyses. Retinoic acid enhanced keratocyte proliferation until day 30, whereas cells in control culture conditions showed reduced numbers after day 21. Both gene and protein expressions of keratocyte-characteristic proteoglycans (keratocan, lumican and decorin), corneal crystallins and collagen type I and V were significantly increased following retinoic acid supplementation. Retinoic acid also significantly reduced the expression of matrix metalloproteases 1, 3 and 9 while not increasing α-smooth muscle actin and fibronectin expression. Furthermore, these effects were also correlated with the ability of retinoic acid to significantly inhibit the contractility of keratocytes while allowing the build-up of corneal stromal extracellular matrix within the 3D constructs. Thus, retinoic acid supplementation represents a promising strategy to improve the phenotype of 3D-cultured keratocytes, and their usefulness as a model of corneal stroma for corneal biology and regenerative medicine applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fadhilah Z Abidin
- Institute of Genetic Medicine; Newcastle University; Center for Life; Newcastle, UK
| | - Ricardo M Gouveia
- Institute of Genetic Medicine; Newcastle University; Center for Life; Newcastle, UK
| | - Che J Connon
- Institute of Genetic Medicine; Newcastle University; Center for Life; Newcastle, UK
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