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Verma N, Khare D, Poe AJ, Amador C, Ghiam S, Fealy A, Ebrahimi S, Shadrokh O, Song XY, Santiskulvong C, Mastali M, Parker S, Stotland A, Van Eyk JE, Ljubimov AV, Saghizadeh M. MicroRNA and Protein Cargos of Human Limbal Epithelial Cell-Derived Exosomes and Their Regulatory Roles in Limbal Stromal Cells of Diabetic and Non-Diabetic Corneas. Cells 2023; 12:2524. [PMID: 37947602 PMCID: PMC10649916 DOI: 10.3390/cells12212524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2023] [Revised: 10/08/2023] [Accepted: 10/18/2023] [Indexed: 11/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Epithelial and stromal/mesenchymal limbal stem cells contribute to corneal homeostasis and cell renewal. Extracellular vesicles (EVs), including exosomes (Exos), can be paracrine mediators of intercellular communication. Previously, we described cargos and regulatory roles of limbal stromal cell (LSC)-derived Exos in non-diabetic (N) and diabetic (DM) limbal epithelial cells (LECs). Presently, we quantify the miRNA and proteome profiles of human LEC-derived Exos and their regulatory roles in N- and DM-LSC. We revealed some miRNA and protein differences in DM vs. N-LEC-derived Exos' cargos, including proteins involved in Exo biogenesis and packaging that may affect Exo production and ultimately cellular crosstalk and corneal function. Treatment by N-Exos, but not by DM-Exos, enhanced wound healing in cultured N-LSCs and increased proliferation rates in N and DM LSCs vs. corresponding untreated (control) cells. N-Exos-treated LSCs reduced the keratocyte markers ALDH3A1 and lumican and increased the MSC markers CD73, CD90, and CD105 vs. control LSCs. These being opposite to the changes quantified in wounded LSCs. Overall, N-LEC Exos have a more pronounced effect on LSC wound healing, proliferation, and stem cell marker expression than DM-LEC Exos. This suggests that regulatory miRNA and protein cargo differences in DM- vs. N-LEC-derived Exos could contribute to the disease state.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nagendra Verma
- Eye Program, Board of Governors Regenerative Medicine Institute, Cedars Sinai Medical Center, 8700 Beverly Boulevard, AHSP-A8104, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA; (N.V.); (D.K.); (C.A.); (A.F.); (S.E.); (O.S.); (A.V.L.)
- Departments of Biomedical Sciences, Cedars Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA
| | - Drirh Khare
- Eye Program, Board of Governors Regenerative Medicine Institute, Cedars Sinai Medical Center, 8700 Beverly Boulevard, AHSP-A8104, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA; (N.V.); (D.K.); (C.A.); (A.F.); (S.E.); (O.S.); (A.V.L.)
- Departments of Biomedical Sciences, Cedars Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA
- Division of Pediatric Blood and Marrow Transplantation & Cellular Therapy, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - Adam J. Poe
- Eye Program, Board of Governors Regenerative Medicine Institute, Cedars Sinai Medical Center, 8700 Beverly Boulevard, AHSP-A8104, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA; (N.V.); (D.K.); (C.A.); (A.F.); (S.E.); (O.S.); (A.V.L.)
- Departments of Biomedical Sciences, Cedars Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA
| | - Cynthia Amador
- Eye Program, Board of Governors Regenerative Medicine Institute, Cedars Sinai Medical Center, 8700 Beverly Boulevard, AHSP-A8104, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA; (N.V.); (D.K.); (C.A.); (A.F.); (S.E.); (O.S.); (A.V.L.)
- Departments of Biomedical Sciences, Cedars Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA
| | - Sean Ghiam
- Eye Program, Board of Governors Regenerative Medicine Institute, Cedars Sinai Medical Center, 8700 Beverly Boulevard, AHSP-A8104, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA; (N.V.); (D.K.); (C.A.); (A.F.); (S.E.); (O.S.); (A.V.L.)
- Departments of Biomedical Sciences, Cedars Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA
- Sackler School of Medicine, New York State/American Program of Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 6997801, Israel
| | - Andrew Fealy
- Eye Program, Board of Governors Regenerative Medicine Institute, Cedars Sinai Medical Center, 8700 Beverly Boulevard, AHSP-A8104, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA; (N.V.); (D.K.); (C.A.); (A.F.); (S.E.); (O.S.); (A.V.L.)
- Departments of Biomedical Sciences, Cedars Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA
| | - Shaghaiegh Ebrahimi
- Eye Program, Board of Governors Regenerative Medicine Institute, Cedars Sinai Medical Center, 8700 Beverly Boulevard, AHSP-A8104, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA; (N.V.); (D.K.); (C.A.); (A.F.); (S.E.); (O.S.); (A.V.L.)
- Departments of Biomedical Sciences, Cedars Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA
| | - Odelia Shadrokh
- Eye Program, Board of Governors Regenerative Medicine Institute, Cedars Sinai Medical Center, 8700 Beverly Boulevard, AHSP-A8104, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA; (N.V.); (D.K.); (C.A.); (A.F.); (S.E.); (O.S.); (A.V.L.)
- Departments of Biomedical Sciences, Cedars Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA
| | - Xue-Ying Song
- Genomics Core, Cedars Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA; (X.-Y.S.); (C.S.)
| | - Chintda Santiskulvong
- Genomics Core, Cedars Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA; (X.-Y.S.); (C.S.)
| | - Mitra Mastali
- Advanced Clinical Biosystems Research Institute, The Smidt Heart Institute, Cedars Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA; (M.M.); (S.P.); (A.S.); (J.E.V.E.)
| | - Sarah Parker
- Advanced Clinical Biosystems Research Institute, The Smidt Heart Institute, Cedars Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA; (M.M.); (S.P.); (A.S.); (J.E.V.E.)
| | - Aleksandr Stotland
- Advanced Clinical Biosystems Research Institute, The Smidt Heart Institute, Cedars Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA; (M.M.); (S.P.); (A.S.); (J.E.V.E.)
| | - Jennifer E. Van Eyk
- Advanced Clinical Biosystems Research Institute, The Smidt Heart Institute, Cedars Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA; (M.M.); (S.P.); (A.S.); (J.E.V.E.)
| | - Alexander V. Ljubimov
- Eye Program, Board of Governors Regenerative Medicine Institute, Cedars Sinai Medical Center, 8700 Beverly Boulevard, AHSP-A8104, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA; (N.V.); (D.K.); (C.A.); (A.F.); (S.E.); (O.S.); (A.V.L.)
- Departments of Biomedical Sciences, Cedars Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA
- Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA 90024, USA
| | - Mehrnoosh Saghizadeh
- Eye Program, Board of Governors Regenerative Medicine Institute, Cedars Sinai Medical Center, 8700 Beverly Boulevard, AHSP-A8104, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA; (N.V.); (D.K.); (C.A.); (A.F.); (S.E.); (O.S.); (A.V.L.)
- Departments of Biomedical Sciences, Cedars Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA
- Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA 90024, USA
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O'Callaghan AR, Shortt AJ, Lewis MP, Daniels JT. Human Oral Mucosal Fibroblasts from Limbal Stem Cell Deficient Patients as an Autologous Feeder Layer for Epithelial Cell Culture. Curr Eye Res 2022; 47:1106-1115. [PMID: 35577415 DOI: 10.1080/02713683.2022.2071944] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To investigate if human oral mucosal fibroblasts (HOMF) from patients with limbal stem cell deficiency (LSCD) can be used as an autologous feeder layer to support the culture of epithelial cells for potential clinical use. METHODS HOMF were isolated from oral mucosal biopsies obtained from the following groups of patients with LSCD: aniridia, mucous membrane pemphigoid (MMP), Stevens-Johnson syndrome (SJS), and ectodermal dysplasia (ED). The ability of these cells to support the culture of human limbal epithelial cells (HLE) was compared to that of HOMF from non-LSCD donors and 3T3s commonly used to culture epithelial cells for use in the clinic to treat LSCD. RESULTS HOMF were successfully obtained by explant culture for 3/3 aniridia patients, 3/3 MMP patients, 1/3 SJS patients, and 1/1 ED patients. All HOMF cultured from these LSCD groups supported the expansion of HLE with epithelial culture times and total colony forming efficiency (CFE) comparable to those achieved on HOMF isolated from donors without LSCD. PCR showed that all HLE cultured on LSCD donor HOMF expressed p63α, CK15, PAX6, CK12, and MUC16 as did HLE cultured on the control non-LSCD donor HOMF and 3T3s. Western blotting detected CK15 and MUC16 protein expression in all groups. CONCLUSIONS HOMF from patients with LSCD can be successfully used to support the expansion of epithelial cells. These cells may therefore be useful as autologous feeder fibroblasts for the expansion of epithelial cells for use in the clinic to treat LSCD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna R O'Callaghan
- Cells for Sight, University College London, London, UK.,UCL Institute of Ophthalmology, University College London, London, UK
| | - Alex J Shortt
- UCL Institute of Ophthalmology, University College London, London, UK.,Moorfields Eye Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Mark P Lewis
- School of Sport, Exercise and Health Sciences, Musculoskeletal Biology Research Group, Loughborough University, Leicestershire, UK
| | - Julie T Daniels
- Cells for Sight, University College London, London, UK.,UCL Institute of Ophthalmology, University College London, London, UK
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Latta L, Knebel I, Bleil C, Stachon T, Katiyar P, Zussy C, Fries FN, Käsmann-Kellner B, Seitz B, Szentmáry N. Similarities in DSG1 and KRT3 Downregulation through Retinoic Acid Treatment and PAX6 Knockdown Related Expression Profiles: Does PAX6 Affect RA Signaling in Limbal Epithelial Cells? Biomolecules 2021; 11:biom11111651. [PMID: 34827649 PMCID: PMC8615883 DOI: 10.3390/biom11111651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2021] [Revised: 10/11/2021] [Accepted: 10/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Congenital PAX6-aniridia is a rare panocular disease resulting from limbal stem cell deficiency. In PAX6-aniridia, the downregulation of the retinol-metabolizing enzymes ADH7 (All-trans-retinol dehydrogenase 7) and ALDH1A1/A3 (Retinal dehydrogenase 1, Aldehyde dehydrogenase family 1 member A3) have been described in limbal epithelial cells (LECs) and conjunctival epithelial cells. The aim of this study was to identify the role of retinol derivates in the differentiation of human LEC and its potential impact on aniridia-associated keratopathy development. Human LEC were isolated from healthy donor corneas and were cultured with retinol, retinoic acid, or pan-retinoic acid receptor antagonist (AGN 193109) acting on RARα, β, γ (NR1B1, NR1B2 NR1B3) or were cultured with pan-retinoid X receptor antagonist (UVI 3003) acting on RXR α, β, γ (retinoid X receptor, NR2B1, NR2B2, BR2B3). Using qPCR, differentiation marker and retinoid-/fatty acid metabolism-related mRNA expression was analysed. DSG1 (Desmoglein 1), KRT3 (Keratin 3), and SPINK7 (Serine Peptidase Inhibitor Kazal Type 7) mRNA expression was downregulated when retinoid derivates were used. AGN 193109 treatment led to the upregulation of ADH7, KRT3, and DSG1 mRNA expression and to the downregulation of KRT12 (Keratin 12) and KRT19 (Keratin 19) mRNA expression. Retinol and all-trans retinoic acid affect some transcripts of corneal LEC in a similar way to what has been observed in the LEC of PAX6-aniridia patients with the altered expression of differentiation markers. An elevated concentration of retinol derivatives in LEC or an altered response to retinoids may contribute to this pattern. These initial findings help to explain ocular surface epithelia differentiation disorders in PAX6-aniridia and should be investigated in patient cells or in cell models in the future in more detail.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lorenz Latta
- Dr. Rolf M. Schwiete Center for Limbal Stem Cell and Congenital Aniridia Research, Saarland University, 66421 Homburg, Germany; (L.L.); (I.K.); (C.B.); (T.S.); (P.K.); (C.Z.)
| | - Igor Knebel
- Dr. Rolf M. Schwiete Center for Limbal Stem Cell and Congenital Aniridia Research, Saarland University, 66421 Homburg, Germany; (L.L.); (I.K.); (C.B.); (T.S.); (P.K.); (C.Z.)
| | - Constanze Bleil
- Dr. Rolf M. Schwiete Center for Limbal Stem Cell and Congenital Aniridia Research, Saarland University, 66421 Homburg, Germany; (L.L.); (I.K.); (C.B.); (T.S.); (P.K.); (C.Z.)
| | - Tanja Stachon
- Dr. Rolf M. Schwiete Center for Limbal Stem Cell and Congenital Aniridia Research, Saarland University, 66421 Homburg, Germany; (L.L.); (I.K.); (C.B.); (T.S.); (P.K.); (C.Z.)
| | - Priya Katiyar
- Dr. Rolf M. Schwiete Center for Limbal Stem Cell and Congenital Aniridia Research, Saarland University, 66421 Homburg, Germany; (L.L.); (I.K.); (C.B.); (T.S.); (P.K.); (C.Z.)
- Department of Ophthalmology, Saarland University Medical Center, 66421 Homburg, Germany; (F.N.F.); (B.K.-K.); (B.S.)
| | - Claire Zussy
- Dr. Rolf M. Schwiete Center for Limbal Stem Cell and Congenital Aniridia Research, Saarland University, 66421 Homburg, Germany; (L.L.); (I.K.); (C.B.); (T.S.); (P.K.); (C.Z.)
| | - Fabian Norbert Fries
- Department of Ophthalmology, Saarland University Medical Center, 66421 Homburg, Germany; (F.N.F.); (B.K.-K.); (B.S.)
| | - Barbara Käsmann-Kellner
- Department of Ophthalmology, Saarland University Medical Center, 66421 Homburg, Germany; (F.N.F.); (B.K.-K.); (B.S.)
| | - Berthold Seitz
- Department of Ophthalmology, Saarland University Medical Center, 66421 Homburg, Germany; (F.N.F.); (B.K.-K.); (B.S.)
| | - Nóra Szentmáry
- Dr. Rolf M. Schwiete Center for Limbal Stem Cell and Congenital Aniridia Research, Saarland University, 66421 Homburg, Germany; (L.L.); (I.K.); (C.B.); (T.S.); (P.K.); (C.Z.)
- Correspondence:
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Notara M, Lentzsch A, Clahsen T, Behboudifard S, Braun G, Cursiefen C. Bevacizumab Induces Upregulation of Keratin 3 and VEGFA in Human Limbal Epithelial Cells in Vitro. J Clin Med 2019; 8:E1925. [PMID: 31717500 DOI: 10.3390/jcm8111925] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2019] [Revised: 10/14/2019] [Accepted: 11/07/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Topical application of vascular endothelial growth factor A (VEGFA) inhibitors including Bevacizumab is used for antiangiogenic therapy at the ocular surface. While clinical studies have suggested that this approach is well-tolerated, the effect of the drug on limbal epithelial stem cells has not been studied. In this study, the effect of Bevacizumab on phenotype and functionality of putative limbal epithelial stem cells (SC) was investigated. The effect of Bevacizumab on human limbal epithelial cells was assessed in terms of metabolic activity and scratch wound closure. The different treatment groups featured no difference in proliferation and colony forming efficiency (CFE) of limbal epithelial cells or their putative SC marker expression. A significant delay in scratch closure of all the Bevacizumab-treated groups was detected at 4 h. RNA and protein quantification indicated a dose-responsive increase of keratin 3. VEGFA RNA expression also increased while VEGFC and D as well as VEGFR1, 2 and 3 were unchanged. This study highlights previously unknown effects of Bevacizumab on cultured putative limbal epithelial SC: a dose-related increase of keratin 3, an increase in VEGFA as well as a delay in scratch wound closure. These in vitro data should be considered when using Bevacizumab in the context of limbal epithelial SC transplantation.
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Huang Y, Shi C, Li J. The protective effect of zeaxanthin on human limbal and conjunctival epithelial cells against UV-induced cell death and oxidative stress. Int J Ophthalmol 2019; 12:369-374. [PMID: 30918802 DOI: 10.18240/ijo.2019.03.03] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2018] [Accepted: 12/18/2018] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM To explore the protective effect of zeaxanthin on human limbal and conjunctival epithelial cells against UV-radiation and excessive oxidative stress. METHODS Human limbal and conjunctival epithelial cells were isolated from cadaver and cultured in vitro. They were challenged with UVB radiation and H2O2 with and without zeaxanthin pretreatment. Cell viability, p38 and c-JUN NH(2)-terminal kinase (JNK) phosphorylation, IL-6, IL-8 and MCP-1 secretion and malondialdehyde (MDA) content were measured. RESULTS Zeaxanthin had no measurable cytotoxicity on limbal or conjunctival epithelial cells when used at concentrations of 5 µg/mL and below. At 30 mJ/cm2 UVB, the pretreatment of zeaxanthin increased the percentage of live cells from 50% to 69% (P=0.01) and from 66% to 75% (P=0.05) for limbal and conjunctival epithelial cells, respectively. The concentrations of IL-6, IL-8 and MCP-1 in the culture medium reduced to 66% (for IL-6 and MCP-1) and 56% (for IL-8) of the levels without zeaxanthin. This was accompanied by reduced p38 and JNK protein phosphorylation. Pretreatment of zeaxanthin also reduced intracellular MDA content caused by H2O2 stimulation from 0.86 µmol/L to 0.52 µmol/L (P=0.02) in limbal epithelial cells and from 0.96 µmol/L to 0.56 µmol/L in conjunctival epithelial cells (P=0.03). However, zeaxanthin did not have significant effect on H2O2-induced cell death in limbal or conjunctival epithelial cells. CONCLUSION Zeaxanthin is an effective reagent in reducing the detrimental effect of UV-radiation and oxidative stress on ocular surface epithelial cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Huang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Xinhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200092, China.,Department of Ophthalmology, Xinhua Hospital, Chong Ming Branch, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 202150, China
| | - Chun Shi
- Department of Ophthalmology, Jiangwan Hospital of Hongkou District, Shanghai 200434, China
| | - Jing Li
- Department of Ophthalmology, Xinhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200092, China
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Abstract
AIM To investigate human oral mucosal fibroblasts (HOMF) and human limbal fibroblasts (HLF) as alternatives to murine 3T3 feeder fibroblasts currently used to support epithelial cell expansion for the treatment of limbal epithelial stem cell deficiency. METHODS HLF and HOMF were compared with 3T3s for their ability to support the culture of human limbal epithelial cells and human oral mucosal epithelial cells. RESULTS HOMF, but not HLF, were equivalent to 3T3s in terms of the number of epithelial population doublings achieved. Human limbal epithelial cells co-cultured with HOMF or 3T3s had similar expression of corneal and putative stem cell markers. CONCLUSION HOMF are a suitable and safer feeder fibroblast alternative to 3T3s for the production of epithelial cells for clinical use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna R O'Callaghan
- Department of Ocular Biology & Therapeutics, UCL Institute of Ophthalmology, University College London, London EC1V 9EL, UK
| | - Louise Morgan
- Department of Ocular Biology & Therapeutics, UCL Institute of Ophthalmology, University College London, London EC1V 9EL, UK
| | - Julie T Daniels
- Department of Ocular Biology & Therapeutics, UCL Institute of Ophthalmology, University College London, London EC1V 9EL, UK
| | - Mark P Lewis
- National Centre for Sport & Exercise Medicine (NCSEM), EPSRC-MRC Centre for Doctoral Training in Regenerative Medicine, School of Sport, Exercise & Health Sciences, Loughborough University, Leicestershire, LE11 3TU, UK
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Zhang J, Zhang CW, Du LQ, Wu XY. Acellular porcine corneal matrix as a carrier scaffold for cultivating human corneal epithelial cells and fibroblasts in vitro. Int J Ophthalmol 2016; 9:1-8. [PMID: 26949602 DOI: 10.18240/ijo.2016.01.01] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2015] [Accepted: 07/22/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
AIM To investigate the feasibility of corneal anterior lamellar reconstruction with human corneal epithelial cells and fibroblasts, and an acellular porcine cornea matrix (APCM) in vitro. METHODS The scaffold was prepared from fresh porcine corneas which were treated with 0.5% sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) solution and the complete removal of corneal cells was confirmed by hematoxylin-eosin (HE) staining and 4', 6-diamidino-2-phenylindole (DAPI) staining. Human corneal fibroblasts and epithelial cells were cultured with leaching liquid extracted from APCM, and then cell proliferative ability was evaluated by MTT assay. To construct a human corneal anterior lamellar replacement, corneal fibroblasts were injected into the APCM and cultured for 3d, followed by culturing corneal epithelial cells on the stroma construction surface for another 10d. The corneal replacement was analyzed by HE staining, and immunofluorescence staining. RESULTS Histological examination indicated that there were no cells in the APCM by HE staining, and DAPI staining did not detect any residual DNA. The leaching liquid from APCM had little influence on the proliferation ability of human corneal fibroblasts and epithelial cells. At 10d, a continuous 3 to 5 layers of human corneal epithelial cells covering the surface of the APCM was observed, and the injected corneal fibroblasts distributed within the scaffold. The phenotype of the construction was similar to normal human corneas, with high expression of cytokeratin 12 in the epithelial cell layer and high expression of vimentin in the stroma. CONCLUSION Corneal anterior lamellar replacement can be reconstructed in vitro by cultivating human corneal epithelial cells and fibroblasts with an acellular porcine cornea matrix. This laid the foundation for the further transplantation in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ju Zhang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan 250012, Shandong Province, China; The Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function Research, Chinese Ministry of Education and Chinese Ministry of Health, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan 250012, Shandong Province, China
| | - Can-Wei Zhang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan 250012, Shandong Province, China
| | - Li-Qun Du
- Department of Ophthalmology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan 250012, Shandong Province, China
| | - Xin-Yi Wu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan 250012, Shandong Province, China
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Abstract
PURPOSE To compare the effectiveness of two isolation systems for stemness, proliferation and mesenchymal contamination of ex vivo cultured limbal epithelial cells (LECs). METHODS Whole explant and dispase digestion methods were used to isolate LECs. For whole explant isolation, one limbal explant was cultivated up to four consecutive times (through LEC1 to LEC4). The performance of LECs isolated with both systems was evaluated according to the following parameters: immunofluorescent staining for adenosine 5'-triphosphate-binding cassette member 2 (ABCG2), p63, cytokeratin 3 (K3), Ki67, and vimentin, and flow cytometry analysis for ABCG2, Ki67 and vimentin. RESULTS Twelve LEC cultures were established using whole explant isolation, and nine LEC cultures were established using dispase digestion isolation. In immunofluorescent staining analysis, the ABCG2, p63 and Ki67 expressions were higher in LECs isolated with dispase compared to any LECs isolated with explant. Only the differences in ABCG2 and Ki67 were statistically significant. Further, LEC4 isolated with explant had the highest percentage of cells positive for vimentin, and LEC1 had the highest percentage of cells positive for K3. However, no significant differences were detected. In flow cytometry analysis, the expressions of ABCG2 and Ki67 were statistically higher for LECs isolated with dispase compared to any LECs isolated with explant. CONCLUSION Dispase digestion isolation technique was significantly superior to explant isolation techniques in terms of progenitor and proliferative cell contents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi-Hua Zhang
- a Department of Ophthalmology , Shanghai First People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiaotong University , Shanghai , China
| | - Hai-Yun Liu
- a Department of Ophthalmology , Shanghai First People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiaotong University , Shanghai , China
| | - Kun Liu
- a Department of Ophthalmology , Shanghai First People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiaotong University , Shanghai , China
| | - Xun Xu
- a Department of Ophthalmology , Shanghai First People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiaotong University , Shanghai , China
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Wright B, De Bank PA, Luetchford KA, Acosta FR, Connon CJ. Oxidized alginate hydrogels as niche environments for corneal epithelial cells. J Biomed Mater Res A 2013; 102:3393-400. [PMID: 24142706 PMCID: PMC4255301 DOI: 10.1002/jbm.a.35011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2013] [Revised: 10/09/2013] [Accepted: 10/15/2013] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Chemical and biochemical modification of hydrogels is one strategy to create physiological constructs that maintain cell function. The aim of this study was to apply oxidised alginate hydrogels as a basis for development of a biomimetic niche for limbal epithelial stem cells that may be applied to treating corneal dysfunction. The stem phenotype of bovine limbal epithelial cells (LEC) and the viability of corneal epithelial cells (CEC) were examined in oxidised alginate gels containing collagen IV over a 3-day culture period. Oxidation increased cell viability (P ≤ 0.05) and this improved further with addition of collagen IV (P ≤ 0.01). Oxidised gels presented larger internal pores (diameter: 0.2-0.8 µm) than unmodified gels (pore diameter: 0.05-0.1 µm) and were significantly less stiff (P ≤ 0.001), indicating that an increase in pore size and a decrease in stiffness contributed to improved cell viability. The diffusion of collagen IV from oxidised alginate gels was similar to that of unmodified gels suggesting that oxidation may not affect the retention of extracellular matrix proteins in alginate gels. These data demonstrate that oxidised alginate gels containing corneal extracellular matrix proteins can influence corneal epithelial cell function in a manner that may impact beneficially on corneal wound healing therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bernice Wright
- School of Chemistry, Food and Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutics, University of Reading, Reading, Berkshire, RG6 6UB, United Kingdom
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González S, Deng SX. Presence of native limbal stromal cells increases the expansion efficiency of limbal stem/progenitor cells in culture. Exp Eye Res 2013; 116:169-76. [PMID: 24016868 DOI: 10.1016/j.exer.2013.08.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2013] [Revised: 08/08/2013] [Accepted: 08/27/2013] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Niche factors are important in the maintenance and regulation of stem cells. Limbal stromal cells are potentially a component of limbal stem cell (LSC) niche. We investigated the role of the limbal stromal cells in the ex vivo expansion of limbal stem/progenitor cells. Limbal epithelial cells were cultured as single-cell suspension and cell clusters from dispase II or collagenase A (ColA), or tissue explant. ColA isolated limbal stromal cells along with limbal epithelial cells. In the presence of limbal stromal cells, a higher absolute number of p63α(bright) cells (p < 0.05) and a higher proportion of K14 positive epithelial cells were obtained from both ColA and explant tissue cultures. Expansion of the stem/progenitor population from dispase isolation was more efficient in the form of cell clusters than single cell suspension based on the absolute number of p63α(bright) cells. Expansion of the stem cell population is similar in the single cell and cell cluster cultures that are derived from ColA isolation. Our finding suggests that limbal stromal cells and an intact cell-cell contact help to maintain LSCs in an undifferentiated state in vitro during expansion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheyla González
- Cornea Division, Jules Stein Eye Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, 100 Stein Plaza, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA.
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Liu T, Wang Y, Duan HY, Qu ML, Yang LL, Xu YY, Zang XJ, Zhou QJ. Effects of preservation time on proliferative potential of human limbal stem/progenitor cells. Int J Ophthalmol 2012; 5:549-54. [PMID: 23166863 DOI: 10.3980/j.issn.2222-3959.2012.05.02] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2012] [Accepted: 09/18/2012] [Indexed: 11/02/2022] Open
Abstract
AIM To determine the proliferative potential and the maintenance of stem cell activity in stored human limbal tissues, and correlate this with the preservation time, cell viability and the expression of stem cell markers. METHODS Thirty limbal rims were split into 4 parts and stored in corneal preservation medium at 4°C for 0, 1, 4, or 7 days. The limbal stem cell and mitotic markers P63, CK19, proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA), and Ki67 were determined by immunohistochemical staining. The proliferative potential of limbal epithelial cells was assessed by cell viability, the ability of generating stratified epithelium, and colony forming assay. RESULTS The stored tissues maintained limbal stratified structure to 7 days and exhibited comparable expression level of stem cell and mitotic markers. The proportion of viable cells decreased with the prolonged preservation time, while colony forming efficiency decreased from the 1(st) day and disappeared at the 4(th) day. When inoculated on amniotic membrane, the cells preserved for 1 day formed a stratified epithelium, while the cells from 4 days' preservation formed a discontinuous layer. CONCLUSION The colony forming efficiency of limbal epithelial stem/progenitor cells decreased rapidly with the increasing preservation time, while the expression level of markers and capacity of forming epithelial monolayer on amniotic membrane decreased gradually. The limbal epithelial stem cells lost their function earlier than the lost expression level of stem cell markers. This may help us to better choose the appropriate preservation grafts for future limbal stem cell transplantation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting Liu
- State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Shandong Eye Institute, Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Qingdao 266071, Shandong Province, China
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