1
|
Harju N, Hytti M, Kolari O, Nisula H, Loukovaara S, Kauppinen A. Anti-inflammatory potential of simvastatin and amfenac in ARPE-19 cells; insights in preventing re-detachment and proliferative vitreoretinopathy after rhegmatogenous retinal detachment surgery. Int Ophthalmol 2024; 44:158. [PMID: 38530532 DOI: 10.1007/s10792-024-03067-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2023] [Accepted: 02/16/2024] [Indexed: 03/28/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE Rhegmatogenous retinal detachment is a severe vision-threatening complication that can result into proliferative vitreoretinopathy (PVR) and re-detachment of the retina if recovery from surgery fails. Inflammation and changes in retinal pigment epithelial (RPE) cells are important contributors to the disease. Here, we studied the effects of simvastatin and amfenac on ARPE-19 cells under inflammatory conditions. METHODS ARPE-19 cells were pre-treated with simvastatin and/or amfenac for 24 h after which interleukin (IL)-1α or IL-1β was added for another 24 h. After treatments, lactate dehydrogenase release, 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) processing, nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells (NF-κB) activity, prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) level, and extracellular levels of IL-6, IL-8, monocytic chemoattractant protein (MCP-1), vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), and pigment epithelium-derived factor, as well as the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) were determined. RESULTS Pre-treatment of human ARPE-19 cells with simvastatin reduced the production of IL-6, IL-8, and MCP-1 cytokines, PGE2 levels, as well as NF-κB activity upon inflammation, whereas amfenac reduced IL-8 and MCP-1 release but increased ROS production. Together, simvastatin and amfenac reduced the release of IL-6, IL-8, and MCP-1 cytokines as well as NF-κB activity but increased the VEGF release upon inflammation in ARPE-19 cells. CONCLUSION Our present study supports the anti-inflammatory capacity of simvastatin as pre-treatment against inflammation in human RPE cells, and the addition of amfenac complements the effect. The early modulation of local conditions in the retina can prevent inflammation induced PVR formation and subsequent retinal re-detachment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Niina Harju
- School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland.
- Head and Neck Center, Ophthalmology Research Unit, Helsinki University Central Hospital, Helsinki, Finland.
| | - Maria Hytti
- School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
- Department of Ophthalmology, School of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Onni Kolari
- School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Hilkka Nisula
- School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Sirpa Loukovaara
- Department of Ophthalmology, Unit of Vitreoretinal Surgery, and Individualized Drug Therapy Research Program, Helsinki University Central Hospital and University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Anu Kauppinen
- School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Choi GW, Kim ML, Sung KR. Modulation of TRPV4-mediated TNF-α expression in Müller glia and subsequent RGC apoptosis by statins. Exp Eye Res 2024; 239:109781. [PMID: 38184223 DOI: 10.1016/j.exer.2024.109781] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2023] [Revised: 01/01/2024] [Accepted: 01/03/2024] [Indexed: 01/08/2024]
Abstract
In addition to regulating cholesterol synthesis, statins have neuroprotective effects. Apoptosis of retinal ganglion cells (RGCs) causes a gradual loss of visual function in glaucoma. This study aimed to investigate the neuroprotective effect of statins on the RGC apoptosis induced by activated Müller glia. Primary Müller cells and RGCs were cultured from the retina of C57BL6 mice. Müller cells were activated with GSK101, a transient receptor potential vanilloid 4 (TRPV4) agonist, and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) released to the medium was measured using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Cells were pretreated with simvastatin or lovastatin before GSK101. RGCs were treated with conditioned media from Müller glia cultures, and apoptosis was determined using flow cytometry. TRPV4 activation through GSK101 treatment induced gliosis of Müller cells, and the conditioned media from activated Müller cells was potent to induce RGC apoptosis. Statins suppress both gliosis in Müller cells and subsequent RGC apoptosis. TNF-α release to the media was increased in GSK101-treated Müller cells, and TNF-α in the conditioned media was the critical factor causing RGC apoptosis. The increase in TRPV4-mediated TNF-α expression occurred through the nuclear factor kappa-light chain enhancer of activated B cell pathway activation, which was inhibited by statins. Herein, we showed that statins can modulate gliosis and TNF-α expression in Müller cells, protecting RGCs. These data further support the neuroprotective effect of statins, promoting them as a potential treatment for glaucoma.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Go Woon Choi
- Biomedical Research Center, Asan Medical Center, College of Medicine, University of Ulsan, 88, Olympic-Ro 43-Gil, Songpa-gu, Seoul, 05505, South Korea
| | - Mi-Lyang Kim
- Biomedical Research Center, Asan Medical Center, College of Medicine, University of Ulsan, 88, Olympic-Ro 43-Gil, Songpa-gu, Seoul, 05505, South Korea
| | - Kyung Rim Sung
- Department of Ophthalmology, Asan Medical Center, College of Medicine, University of Ulsan, 88, Olympic-Ro 43-Gil, Songpa-gu, Seoul, 05505, South Korea.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Mauschitz MM, Verzijden T, Schuster AK, Elbaz H, Pfeiffer N, Khawaja A, Luben RN, Foster PJ, Rauscher FG, Wirkner K, Kirsten T, Jonas JB, Bikbov MM, Hogg R, Peto T, Cougnard-Grégoire A, Bertelsen G, Erke MG, Topouzis F, Giannoulis DA, Brandl C, Heid IM, Creuzot-Garcher CP, Gabrielle PH, Hense HW, Pauleikhoff D, Barreto P, Coimbra R, Piermarocchi S, Daien V, Holz FG, Delcourt C, Finger RP. Association of lipid-lowering drugs and antidiabetic drugs with age-related macular degeneration: a meta-analysis in Europeans. Br J Ophthalmol 2023; 107:1880-1886. [PMID: 36344262 DOI: 10.1136/bjo-2022-321985] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2022] [Accepted: 09/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/AIMS To investigate the association of commonly used systemic medications with prevalent age-related macular degeneration (AMD) in the general population. METHODS We included 38 694 adults from 14 population-based and hospital-based studies from the European Eye Epidemiology consortium. We examined associations between the use of systemic medications and any prevalent AMD as well as any late AMD using multivariable logistic regression modelling per study and pooled results using random effects meta-analysis. RESULTS Between studies, mean age ranged from 61.5±7.1 to 82.6±3.8 years and prevalence ranged from 12.1% to 64.5% and from 0.5% to 35.5% for any and late AMD, respectively. In the meta-analysis of fully adjusted multivariable models, lipid-lowering drugs (LLD) and antidiabetic drugs were associated with lower prevalent any AMD (OR 0.85, 95% CI=0.79 to 0.91 and OR 0.78, 95% CI=0.66 to 0.91). We found no association with late AMD or with any other medication. CONCLUSION Our study indicates a potential beneficial effect of LLD and antidiabetic drug use on prevalence of AMD across multiple European cohorts. Our findings support the importance of metabolic processes in the multifactorial aetiology of AMD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Timo Verzijden
- Department of Ophthalmology, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | | | - Hisham Elbaz
- Department of Ophthalmology, University Medical Center Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Norbert Pfeiffer
- Department of Ophthalmology, University Medical Center Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Anthony Khawaja
- NIHR Biomedical Research Centre at Moorfields Eye Hospital NHS Foundation Trust & UCL Institute of Ophthalmology, London, UK
- MRC Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Robert N Luben
- NIHR Biomedical Research Centre at Moorfields Eye Hospital NHS Foundation Trust & UCL Institute of Ophthalmology, London, UK
- MRC Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Paul J Foster
- NIHR Biomedical Research Centre at Moorfields Eye Hospital NHS Foundation Trust & UCL Institute of Ophthalmology, London, UK
| | - Franziska G Rauscher
- Institute for Medical Informatics, Statistics and Epidemiology, Leipzig University, 04107 Leipzig, Germany
- Leipzig Research Centre for Civilization Diseases (LIFE), Leipzig University, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Kerstin Wirkner
- Institute for Medical Informatics, Statistics and Epidemiology, Leipzig University, 04107 Leipzig, Germany
- Leipzig Research Centre for Civilization Diseases (LIFE), Leipzig University, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Toralf Kirsten
- Institute for Medical Informatics, Statistics and Epidemiology, Leipzig University, 04107 Leipzig, Germany
- Leipzig Research Centre for Civilization Diseases (LIFE), Leipzig University, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
- Leipzig University Medical Center, Medical Informatics Center - Dept. of Medical Data Science, 04107 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Jost B Jonas
- Department of Ophthalmology, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
- Institute of Molecular and Clinical Ophthalmology, Basel, Switzerland
| | | | - Ruth Hogg
- Centre for Public Health, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, Northern Ireland, UK
| | - Tunde Peto
- NIHR Biomedical Research Centre at Moorfields Eye Hospital NHS Foundation Trust & UCL Institute of Ophthalmology, London, UK
- Centre for Public Health, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, Northern Ireland, UK
| | - Audrey Cougnard-Grégoire
- Univ. Bordeaux, Inserm, Bordeaux Population Health Research Center, UMR 1219, Team LEHA, F-33000 Bordeaux, France
| | - Geir Bertelsen
- Department of Community Medicine, UiT, The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
- Department of Ophthalmology, University Hospital of North Norway, Tromsø, Norway
| | - Maja Gran Erke
- Directorate of eHealth, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Ophthalmology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Fotis Topouzis
- Department of Ophthalmology, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, School of Medicine, AHEPA Hospital, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Dimitrios A Giannoulis
- Department of Ophthalmology, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, School of Medicine, AHEPA Hospital, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Caroline Brandl
- Department of Genetic Epidemiology, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
- Department of Ophthalmology, University Hospital Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Iris M Heid
- Department of Genetic Epidemiology, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | | | | | - Hans-Werner Hense
- University of Münster, Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Epidemiology, Münster, Germany
| | | | - Patricia Barreto
- AIBILI - Association for Innovation and Biomedical Research on Light and Image, Coimbra, Portugal
- Univ Coimbra, Coimbra Institute for Clinical and Biomedical Research (iCBR), Faculty of Medicine, Coimbra, Portugal
- Univ Coimbra, Centre for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology (CIBB), Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Rita Coimbra
- AIBILI - Association for Innovation and Biomedical Research on Light and Image, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Stefano Piermarocchi
- Padova-Camposampiero Hospital, Padova, Italy
- University of Padova, Department of Neuroscience, Padova, Italy
| | - Vincent Daien
- Department of Ophthalmology, Gui de Chauliac Hospital, F-34000 Montpellier, France
- Institute for Neurosciences of Montpellier INM, Univ. Montpellier, INSERM, F-34091 Montpellier, France
- The Save Sight Institute, Sydney Medical School, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Frank G Holz
- Department of Ophthalmology, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Cecile Delcourt
- Univ. Bordeaux, Inserm, Bordeaux Population Health Research Center, UMR 1219, Team LEHA, F-33000 Bordeaux, France
| | - Robert P Finger
- Department of Ophthalmology, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Cai Y, Fang F, Zhou T, Shi W, Cai X, Fu Y. Genetic evidence implicating circulating lipids and lipid drug targets in pterygium. Comput Struct Biotechnol J 2023; 21:5506-5514. [PMID: 38022695 PMCID: PMC10663701 DOI: 10.1016/j.csbj.2023.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2023] [Revised: 11/01/2023] [Accepted: 11/01/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
There is limited knowledge about the impact of circulating lipids and lipid-modifying drugs on pterygium development, with conflicting results reported. Our study aimed to address these questions by applying the Mendelian randomization (MR) approach. A two-step MR model was developed. In the first step, bidirectional two-sample MR was employed to establish the causal relationship between circulating lipids and pterygium risk. In the second step, drug-target MR analysis was conducted to assess the causal effect of proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 (PCSK9) and 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-coenzyme A reductase (HMGCR) inhibitors on pterygium outcomes. Genetically predicted low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-c) levels were found to be significantly associated with an increased risk of pterygium (Inverse variance weighted [IVW] odds ratio [OR] = 2.227; P = 1.53 × 10-4). Similarly, higher total cholesterol (TC) levels exhibited a suggestive association with greater susceptibility to pterygium (IVW OR = 1.806; P = 1.70 × 10-3). Through drug-target MR, a positive causal association was noted between HMGCR-mediated LDL-c levels and pterygium (IVW OR = 6.999; P = 0.016), suggesting that statins may be effective in reducing pterygium risk. The present findings suggest that circulating TC and LDL-c are risk factors for pterygium. Additionally, the results indicate that HMGCR inhibitors, which lower LDL-c levels, have a potential protective effect on pterygium outcomes. Further research is warranted to elucidate the underlying mechanisms involved in pterygium pathogenesis, with a particular focus on cholesterol metabolism.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yuchen Cai
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shanghai Ninth People’s Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Orbital Diseases and Ocular Oncology, Shanghai, China
| | - Fei Fang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shanghai Ninth People’s Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Orbital Diseases and Ocular Oncology, Shanghai, China
| | - Tianyi Zhou
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shanghai Ninth People’s Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Orbital Diseases and Ocular Oncology, Shanghai, China
| | - Wenjun Shi
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People’s Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xueyao Cai
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People’s Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yao Fu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shanghai Ninth People’s Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Orbital Diseases and Ocular Oncology, Shanghai, China
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Chien LN, Chou YI, Tsai YJ, Sung LC, Liu HY, Lin MY, Wang TJ, Lin IC. Association of lipid-lowering agent use and dry eye disease: A nationwide matched case-control study in Taiwan, 2002-2016. Acta Ophthalmol 2023; 101:729-736. [PMID: 36942369 DOI: 10.1111/aos.15656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2022] [Revised: 02/02/2023] [Accepted: 02/26/2023] [Indexed: 03/23/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE The purpose of this study is to evaluate the association between lipid-lowering agent use and the risks of diagnosed dry eye disease (DED). METHODS This retrospective, case-control study included 780 786 patients who received lipid-lowering agents in 2002-2016, of which 17 409 were newly diagnosed with DED during a ≥2-year follow-up period. These patients were matched 1:4 with control participants for age, sex, and comorbidities. Separate odds ratios (OR) were calculated for DED and each of statin and fibrate use. RESULTS Statin users had significantly higher odds of DED (adjusted OR = 1.12; 95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.08-1.16, p < 0.0001) than nonusers. Fibrate users did not show higher odds of DED than nonusers (adjusted OR = 1.04; 95% CI = 0.99-1.10, p = 0.125). The lipophilic statin users did not show higher odds of DED compared with the hydrophilic statin users (adjusted OR = 0.99, 95% CI = 0.93-1.06, p = 0.729). Among statin users, the odds of DED did not differ significantly between patients receiving statin therapy for >180 days vs. ≤90 days or patients receiving statin therapy for 91-180 days vs. ≤90 days (adjusted OR = 1.00, p = 0.922; adjusted OR = 0.94, p = 0.541, respectively). The odds of DED were not statistically different among patients receiving low-intensity, moderate-intensity, and high-intensity of statin therapy. CONCLUSIONS Patients receiving statin therapy had a higher DED risk than patients not receiving statin therapy. The type of statin, the duration, and the intensity of statin use were not significantly associated with DED risks. Further studies are required to identify the relevant factors related to DED risks with statin.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Li-Nien Chien
- Institute of Health and Welfare Policy, National Yang Ming Chios Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Data Science, College of Management, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yun-I Chou
- Department of Dermatology, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yuan-Jen Tsai
- Department of Family Medicine, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Li-Chin Sung
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Shuang Ho Hospital, Taipei Medical University, New Taipei City, Taiwan
- Department of Primary Care Medicine, Shuang Ho Hospital, Taipei Medical University, New Taipei City, Taiwan
- Taipei Heart Institute, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Hung-Yi Liu
- Data Analytics and Statistics Center, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
- School of Health Care Administration, College of Management, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Meng-Yin Lin
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shuang Ho Hospital, Taipei Medical University, New Taipei City, Taiwan
- Department of Ophthalmology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Tsung-Jen Wang
- Department of Ophthalmology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Department of Ophthalmology, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - I-Chan Lin
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shuang Ho Hospital, Taipei Medical University, New Taipei City, Taiwan
- Department of Ophthalmology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Department of Ophthalmology, Wan Fang Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Moemen LAAA, El Shahat Ebeid M, A Abdelazeem A, Kenawy M Kenawy M, M Osman Z. Tumour necrosis factor α-308 G/a and -238 G/a polymorphisms as predicator of diabetic retinopathy in Egyptians. Arch Physiol Biochem 2023; 129:1143-1151. [PMID: 33910435 DOI: 10.1080/13813455.2021.1908365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2020] [Revised: 02/26/2021] [Accepted: 03/02/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is a duration dependent serious micro vascular insult of diabetes mellitus. Inflammation has a critical role in the development of early and late stage of DR. Tumour necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) is an inflammatory cytokine that promoteup regulation of adhesion molecule expression, leukocyte recruitment and monocyte attraction. TNF-α levels are increased in retinas or vitreous of diabetic animals. A cross-sectional, observational study was performed in a sample of diabetic patients who attend diabetes polyclinic of RIO Hospital, Giza, Egypt, between October 2016 and December 2019. Three hundred diabetic patients were studied (150 males and 150 females). 100 diabetic patients without retinopathy, 100 diabetic patients with proliferative retinopathy (PDR), 100diabetic patients with non-proliferative retinopathy (NPDR), also 100 healthy subjects as a control group All patients and subjects were analysed for serum TNF-α levels by ELISA assay and -308 G/A and -238 G/A polymorphism by using Restriction fragment length polymorphisms. AIM Evaluating the role of tumour necrosis factor α and -308 G/A, -238 G/A polymorphisms in the pathogenesis of proliferative diabetic retinopathy among Egyptian patients. RESULTS A statistically significant increase in TNF-α levels was detected in diabetic without retinopathy, NPDR and PDR groups compared to control group (p > .001). There were no significant different in Genotype and allele frequencies of the -308G/A, and -238 G/A, polymorphisms in both NPDR and PDR. However, the G/G genotype of the -308 G/A polymorphism occurred more frequently in PDR patients with than NPDR patients (0.74% vs 0.68%). CONCLUSION The present study clearly demonstrated increased levels of TNF-α, in diabetic patients with diabetic without retinopathy, NPDR and PDR. Furthermore, this study suggested that TNF-α assay could be used as diagnostic tools to predict the initiation and progression of diabetic retinopathy. They could serve as biomarkers not only for an early detection of the disease, but also to monitor the effects of therapy. Also, the G/G genotype of the -308 G/A polymorphism and the G allele of TNF-α gene were more frequent in PDR patients than with NPDR.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Mohamed El Shahat Ebeid
- Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology Research Institute (GEBRI), Sadat University, Sadat, Egypt
| | | | | | - Zeinab M Osman
- Ophthalmology Medical Retina, Research institute of Ophthalmology, Giza, Egypt
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Sánchez-López E, Gómara MJ, Haro I. Atorvastatin-loaded peptide amphiphiles against corneal neovascularization. Nanomedicine (Lond) 2023; 18:1095-1108. [PMID: 37610088 DOI: 10.2217/nnm-2023-0133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Corneal neovascularization is a sight-threatening disease. It can be treated using antiangiogenic and anti-inflammatory compounds. Therefore, atorvastatin (ATV) constitutes a suitable candidate to be administered topically. To attain suitable efficacy, ATV can be encapsulated into custom-developed nanocarriers such as peptide amphiphiles. Methods: Three peptide amphiphiles bearing one, two or four C16-alkyl groups (mC16-Tat47-57, dC16-Tat47-57 and qC16-Tat47-57) were synthesized, characterized and loaded with ATV. Drug release and ocular tolerance were assessed as well as anti-inflammatory and antiangiogenic properties. Results: ATV-qC16-Tat47-57 showed higher encapsulation efficiency than mC16-Tat47-57 and dC16-Tat47-57 and more defined nanostructures. ATV-qC16-Tat47-57 showed ATV prolonged release with suitable ocular tolerance. Moreover, ATV-qC16-Tat47-57 was antiangiogenic and prevented ocular inflammation. Conclusion: ATV-qC16-Tat47-57 constitutes a promising topical medication against corneal neovascularization.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Elena Sánchez-López
- Department of Pharmacy, Pharmaceutical Technology and Physical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy and Food Sciences, University of Barcelona, 08028, Barcelona, Spain
- Institute of Nanoscience & Nanotechnology (IN2UB), University of Barcelona, 08028, Barcelona, Spain
- Biomedical Research Networking Centre in Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIBERNED), 28031, Madrid, Spain
- Unit of Synthesis & Biomedical applications of Peptides, IQAC-CSIC, 08034, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Maria José Gómara
- Unit of Synthesis & Biomedical applications of Peptides, IQAC-CSIC, 08034, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Isabel Haro
- Unit of Synthesis & Biomedical applications of Peptides, IQAC-CSIC, 08034, Barcelona, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Meer E, Grob S, Antonsen EL, Sawyer A. Ocular conditions and injuries, detection and management in spaceflight. NPJ Microgravity 2023; 9:37. [PMID: 37193709 DOI: 10.1038/s41526-023-00279-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2022] [Accepted: 04/12/2023] [Indexed: 05/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Ocular trauma or other ocular conditions can be significantly debilitating in space. A literature review of over 100 articles and NASA evidence books, queried for eye related trauma, conditions, and exposures was conducted. Ocular trauma and conditions during NASA space missions during the Space Shuttle Program and ISS through Expedition 13 in 2006 were reviewed. There were 70 corneal abrasions, 4 dry eyes, 4 eye debris, 5 complaints of ocular irritation, 6 chemical burns, and 5 ocular infections noted. Unique exposures on spaceflight, such as foreign bodies, including celestial dust, which may infiltrate the habitat and contact the ocular surface, as well as chemical and thermal injuries due to prolonged CO2 and heat exposure were reported. Diagnostic modalities used to evaluate the above conditions in space flight include vision questionnaires, visual acuity and Amsler grid testing, fundoscopy, orbital ultrasound, and ocular coherence tomography. Several types of ocular injuries and conditions, mostly affecting the anterior segment, are reported. Further research is necessary to understand the greatest ocular risks that astronauts face and how better we can prevent, but also diagnose and treat these conditions in space.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Elana Meer
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
- University of California Space Health Program, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Seanna Grob
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Erik L Antonsen
- Department of Emergency Medicine and Center for Space Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houstan, Texas, USA
| | - Aenor Sawyer
- University of California Space Health Program, San Francisco, CA, USA.
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Lymperopoulou C, Kandarakis SA, Tzanaki I, Mylona I, Xanthos T, Agouridis AP. The Effect of Statins on Ocular Disorders: A Systematic Review of Randomized Controlled Trials. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2023; 16:ph16050711. [PMID: 37242493 DOI: 10.3390/ph16050711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2023] [Revised: 05/01/2023] [Accepted: 05/05/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM Statins have been established in the market not only due to their ability to lower plasma cholesterol levels but also due to their pleiotropic effects. In the literature, there is a controversy regarding the role of statins in ophthalmology. We aimed to systematically address the possible effect of statin therapy on ocular diseases and to identify if there is a beneficial relationship. METHODS We searched PubMed and Cochrane Library databases up to 31 December 2022 for studies evaluating the effect of statins on ocular diseases. We included all relevant Randomized Control Trials (RCTs) that have been conducted in the adult population. PROSPERO registration number: CRD42022364328. RESULTS Nineteen RCTs were finally considered eligible for this systematic review, with a total of 28,940 participants. Ten studies investigated the role of simvastatin, suggesting a lack of cataractogenic effect and a possible protective role in cataract formation, retinal vascular diseases, and especially diabetic retinopathy, age-related macular disease progression, and non-infectious uveitis. Four studies investigated lovastatin, showing no cataractogenic effect. Three studies examined atorvastatin, revealing conflicting results regarding diabetic retinopathy. Two studies examined rosuvastatin, indicating a possibly harmful effect on lenses and a significant protective effect on retinal microvasculature. CONCLUSIONS Based on our findings, we believe that statins have no cataractogenic effect. There are indications that statins may have a protective role against cataract formation, AMD, diabetic retinopathy progression, and non-infectious uveitis. However, our results were insufficient for any robust conclusion. Future RCTs, with large sample sizes, on the current topic are therefore recommended to provide more solid evidence.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Stylianos A Kandarakis
- Department of ophthalmology, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 1st University Eye Clinic, G. Gennimatas General Hospital, 11527 Athens, Greece
| | - Ismini Tzanaki
- School of Medicine, European University Cyprus, Nicosia 2404, Cyprus
| | - Ioanna Mylona
- Department of Ophthalmology, General Hospital of Serres, 62210 Serres, Greece
| | - Theodoros Xanthos
- School of Health Sciences, University of West Attica, 10434 Athens, Greece
| | - Aris P Agouridis
- School of Medicine, European University Cyprus, Nicosia 2404, Cyprus
- Department of Internal Medicine, German Oncology Center, Limassol 4108, Cyprus
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Pereira-da-Mota AF, Vivero-Lopez M, Garg P, Phan CM, Concheiro A, Jones L, Alvarez-Lorenzo C. In vitro-in vivo correlation of drug release profiles from medicated contact lenses using an in vitro eye blink model. Drug Deliv Transl Res 2023; 13:1116-1127. [PMID: 36528710 PMCID: PMC9981533 DOI: 10.1007/s13346-022-01276-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
There is still a paucity of information on how in vitro release profiles from drug-loaded contact lenses (CLs) recorded in 3D printed eye models correlate with in vivo profiles. This work aims to evaluate the release profiles of two drug-loaded CLs in a 3D in vitro eye blink model and compare the obtained results with the release in a vial and the drug levels in tear fluid previously obtained from an animal in vivo study. In vitro release in the eye model was tested at two different flow rates (5 and 10 µL/min) and a blink speed of 1 blink/10 s. Model CLs were loaded with two different drugs, hydrophilic pravastatin and hydrophobic resveratrol. The release of both drugs was more sustained and lower in the 3D eye model compared to the in vitro release in vials. Interestingly, both drugs presented similar release patterns in the eye model and in vivo, although the total amount of drugs released in the eye model was significantly lower, especially for resveratrol. Strong correlations between percentages of pravastatin released in the eye model and in vivo were found. These findings suggest that the current 3D printed eye blink model could be a useful tool to measure the release of ophthalmic drugs from medicated CLs. Nevertheless, physiological parameters such as the composition of the tear fluid and eyeball surface, tear flow rates, and temperature should be optimized in further studies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ana F Pereira-da-Mota
- Departamento de Farmacología, Farmacia y Tecnología Farmacéutica, I+D Farma Group (GI-1645), Facultad de Farmacia, Instituto de Materiales (iMATUS) and Health Research Institute of Santiago de Compostela (IDIS), Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, 15782, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Maria Vivero-Lopez
- Departamento de Farmacología, Farmacia y Tecnología Farmacéutica, I+D Farma Group (GI-1645), Facultad de Farmacia, Instituto de Materiales (iMATUS) and Health Research Institute of Santiago de Compostela (IDIS), Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, 15782, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Piyush Garg
- Centre for Ocular Research & Education (CORE), School of Optometry and Vision Science, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON, Canada
| | - Chau-Minh Phan
- Centre for Ocular Research & Education (CORE), School of Optometry and Vision Science, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON, Canada
- Centre for Eye and Vision Research (CEVR), 17W, Hong Kong Science Park, Hong Kong
| | - Angel Concheiro
- Departamento de Farmacología, Farmacia y Tecnología Farmacéutica, I+D Farma Group (GI-1645), Facultad de Farmacia, Instituto de Materiales (iMATUS) and Health Research Institute of Santiago de Compostela (IDIS), Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, 15782, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Lyndon Jones
- Centre for Ocular Research & Education (CORE), School of Optometry and Vision Science, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON, Canada
- Centre for Eye and Vision Research (CEVR), 17W, Hong Kong Science Park, Hong Kong
| | - Carmen Alvarez-Lorenzo
- Departamento de Farmacología, Farmacia y Tecnología Farmacéutica, I+D Farma Group (GI-1645), Facultad de Farmacia, Instituto de Materiales (iMATUS) and Health Research Institute of Santiago de Compostela (IDIS), Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, 15782, Santiago de Compostela, Spain.
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Yuan Y, Wang W, Shang X, Xiong R, Ha J, Zhang L, Zhu Z, He M. Association between statin use and the risks of glaucoma in Australia: a 10-year cohort study. Br J Ophthalmol 2023; 107:66-71. [PMID: 34348924 DOI: 10.1136/bjophthalmol-2021-318789] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2021] [Accepted: 07/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
SYNOPSIS In a cohort of middle-aged and elderly Australians, we found that long-term statin use was associated with a higher risk of glaucoma onset. As to subtypes of statins, the increased risk was only found in rosuvastatin users. PURPOSE To investigate the relationship between statin use and glaucoma onset in a 10-year longitudinal study. METHODS This nested case-control study was based on data from a large-scale cohort of Australians aged over 45 years old. Medication exposure was identified by claims records from the Pharmaceutical Benefits Scheme during the follow-up period (2009-2016). The onset of glaucoma was defined as the people with at least three claims of antiglaucoma medications. Controls matched by age, gender and cardiovascular diseases were selected from participants without prescription of antiglaucoma medications. A conditional logistic regression model was used to assess the association between statin use and glaucoma onset. RESULTS The proportion of statin users was higher in the case group (40.5%) than that in the control group (38.4%). After adjusting for baseline characteristics and longitudinal claims records, statin use was not associated with glaucoma onset (OR 1.04, 95% CI 0.97 to 1.11). However, an increased risk of glaucoma onset was observed in participants with a longer duration of statin use (>3 years vs <1 year: OR 1.12, 95% CI 1.04 to 1.21). With respect to specific types of statins, participants taking rosuvastatin were more likely to suffer from glaucoma (OR 1.11, 95%CI 1.01 to 1.22). The use of other statins was not significantly associated with glaucoma onset. CONCLUSIONS Long-term statin use was found to be associated with a higher risk of glaucoma onset in this study. Regarding specific types of statins, the increased risk of glaucoma onset was only observed in users of rosuvastatin.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yixiong Yuan
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wei Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xianwen Shang
- Guangdong Eye Institute, Department of Ophthalmology, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ruilin Xiong
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jason Ha
- Centre for Eye Research Australia, Royal Victorian Eye and Ear Hospital, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Lei Zhang
- Centre for Eye Research Australia, Royal Victorian Eye and Ear Hospital, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.,Artificial Intelligence and Modelling in Epidemiology Program, Melbourne Sexual Health Centre, Alfred Health, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.,Central Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.,Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Zhuoting Zhu
- Guangdong Eye Institute, Department of Ophthalmology, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Mingguang He
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China .,Guangdong Eye Institute, Department of Ophthalmology, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, China.,Centre for Eye Research Australia, Royal Victorian Eye and Ear Hospital, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.,Ophthalmology, Department of Surgery, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Wang X, Li J, Wang T, Zhang Z, Li Q, Ma D, Chen Z, Ju J, Xu H, Chen K. Associations between statins and adverse events in secondary prevention of cardiovascular disease: Pairwise, network, and dose-response meta-analyses of 47 randomized controlled trials. Front Cardiovasc Med 2022; 9:929020. [PMID: 36093163 PMCID: PMC9452733 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2022.929020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2022] [Accepted: 08/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives To explore the associations between different types and doses of statins and adverse events in secondary prevention of cardiovascular disease. Methods We searched PubMed, Embase, and Cochrane databases for randomized controlled trials that compared statins with non-statin controls or different types or doses of statins. The primary outcomes included muscle condition, transaminase elevations, renal insufficiency, gastrointestinal discomfort, cancer, new onset or exacerbation of diabetes, cognitive impairment, and eye condition. We also analyzed myocardial infarction (MI), stroke, death from cardiovascular diseases (CVD), and all-cause death as the secondary outcomes to compare the potential harms with the benefits of statins. We conducted pairwise meta-analyses to calculate the odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for each outcome. Network meta-analyses were performed to compare the adverse effects of different statins. An Emax model was used to examine the dose-response relationships of the adverse effects of each statin. Results Forty-seven trials involving 107,752 participants were enrolled and followed up for 4.05 years. Compared with non-statin control, statins were associated with an increased risk of transaminase elevations [OR 1.62 (95% CI 1.20 to 2.18)]. Statins decreased the risk of MI [OR 0.66 (95% CI 0.61 to 0.71), P < 0.001], stroke [OR 0.78 (95% CI 0.72 to 0.84), P < 0.001], death from CVD [OR 0.77 (95% CI 0.72 to 0.83), P < 0.001] and all-cause death [OR 0.83 (95% CI 0.79 to 0.88), P < 0.001]. Atorvastatin showed a higher risk of transaminase elevations than non-statin control [OR 4.0 (95% CI 2.2 to 7.6)], pravastatin [OR 3.49 (95% CI 1.77 to 6.92)] and simvastatin [OR 2.77 (95% CI 1.31 to 5.09)], respectively. Compared with atorvastatin, simvastatin was associated with a lower risk of muscle problems [OR 0.70 (95% CI 0.55 to 0.90)], while rosuvastatin showed a higher risk [OR 1.75 (95% CI 1.17 to 2.61)]. An Emax dose-response relationship was identified for the effect of atorvastatin on transaminase elevations. Conclusion Statins were associated with increased risks of transaminases elevations in secondary prevention. Our study provides the ranking probabilities of statins that can help clinicians make optimal decisions when there is not enough literature to refer to. Systematic review registration [https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/], identifier [CRD42021285161].
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xinyi Wang
- National Clinical Research Center for Chinese Medicine Cardiology, Xiyuan Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jingen Li
- Dongzhimen Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Tongxin Wang
- Graduate School, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Zihao Zhang
- Graduate School, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Qiuyi Li
- Graduate School, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Dan Ma
- National Clinical Research Center for Chinese Medicine Cardiology, Xiyuan Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Zhuo Chen
- National Clinical Research Center for Chinese Medicine Cardiology, Xiyuan Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jianqing Ju
- National Clinical Research Center for Chinese Medicine Cardiology, Xiyuan Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Hao Xu
- National Clinical Research Center for Chinese Medicine Cardiology, Xiyuan Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
- *Correspondence: Hao Xu,
| | - Keji Chen
- National Clinical Research Center for Chinese Medicine Cardiology, Xiyuan Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
- Keji Chen,
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Pereira-da-Mota AF, Vivero-Lopez M, Serramito M, Diaz-Gomez L, Serro AP, Carracedo G, Huete-Toral F, Concheiro A, Alvarez-Lorenzo C. Contact lenses for pravastatin delivery to eye segments: Design and in vitro-in vivo correlations. J Control Release 2022; 348:431-443. [PMID: 35688348 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2022.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2022] [Revised: 05/12/2022] [Accepted: 06/01/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Oral administration of cholesterol-lowering statins, HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors, is associated with beneficial effects on eye conditions. This work aims to design contact lenses (CLs) that can sustainedly deliver pravastatin and thus improve the ocular efficacy while avoiding systemic side effects of statins. Bioinspired hydrogels were prepared with monomers that resemble hydrophobic (ethylene glycol phenyl ether methacrylate) and amino (2-aminoethyl methacrylamide hydrochloride) functionalities of the active site of HMG-CoA. Best performing CLs loaded >6 mg/g, in vitro fulfilled the release demands for daily wearing, and showed anti-inflammatory activity (lowering TNF-α). High hydrostatic pressure sterilization preserved the stability of both the drug and the hydrogel network. Ex vivo tests revealed the ability of pravastatin to accumulate in cornea and sclera and to penetrate through transscleral route. In vivo tests (rabbits) confirmed that, compared to eye drops and for the same dose, CLs provided significantly higher pravastatin levels in tear fluid within 1 to 7 h of wearing. Moreover, after 8 h wearing pravastatin was present in cornea, sclera, aqueous humour and vitreous humour. Strong correlations between percentages of drug released in vitro and in vivo were found. Effects of volume and proteins on release rate and Levy plots were identified.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ana F Pereira-da-Mota
- Departamento de Farmacología, Farmacia y Tecnología Farmacéutica, I+D Farma Group (GI-1645), Facultad de Farmacia, Instituto de Materiales (iMATUS) and Health Research Institute of Santiago de Compostela (IDIS), Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Maria Vivero-Lopez
- Departamento de Farmacología, Farmacia y Tecnología Farmacéutica, I+D Farma Group (GI-1645), Facultad de Farmacia, Instituto de Materiales (iMATUS) and Health Research Institute of Santiago de Compostela (IDIS), Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Maria Serramito
- Ocupharm Research Group, Faculty of Optic and Optometry, University Complutense of Madrid, C/Arcos del Jalon 118, 28037 Madrid, Spain
| | - Luis Diaz-Gomez
- Departamento de Farmacología, Farmacia y Tecnología Farmacéutica, I+D Farma Group (GI-1645), Facultad de Farmacia, Instituto de Materiales (iMATUS) and Health Research Institute of Santiago de Compostela (IDIS), Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Ana Paula Serro
- Centro de Química Estrutural, Institute of Molecular Sciences and Departamento de Engenharia Química, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Rovisco Pais, 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Gonzalo Carracedo
- Ocupharm Research Group, Faculty of Optic and Optometry, University Complutense of Madrid, C/Arcos del Jalon 118, 28037 Madrid, Spain
| | - Fernando Huete-Toral
- Ocupharm Research Group, Faculty of Optic and Optometry, University Complutense of Madrid, C/Arcos del Jalon 118, 28037 Madrid, Spain
| | - Angel Concheiro
- Departamento de Farmacología, Farmacia y Tecnología Farmacéutica, I+D Farma Group (GI-1645), Facultad de Farmacia, Instituto de Materiales (iMATUS) and Health Research Institute of Santiago de Compostela (IDIS), Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Carmen Alvarez-Lorenzo
- Departamento de Farmacología, Farmacia y Tecnología Farmacéutica, I+D Farma Group (GI-1645), Facultad de Farmacia, Instituto de Materiales (iMATUS) and Health Research Institute of Santiago de Compostela (IDIS), Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain.
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Feng KM, Chung CH, Chen YH, Chien WC, Chien KH. Statin Use Is Associated With a Lower Risk of Blepharitis: A Population-Based Study. Front Med (Lausanne) 2022; 9:820119. [PMID: 35372440 PMCID: PMC8965040 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2022.820119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2021] [Accepted: 02/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Blepharitis is a common eye disorder that may be overlooked by patients and clinical practitioners. The symptoms of blepharitis often manifest as irritation, a burning sensation, grittiness, and itchiness and may decrease visual acuity if not treated promptly. Meibomian gland dysfunction (MGD), a common cause of blepharitis, is believed to be associated with increased inflammatory marker levels that may disrupt the composition of lipids produced by the sebaceous glands in the eyelids and ultimately cause tear film instability. Methods This is a retrospective, population-based study using National Health Insurance Research Database (NHIRD) data from a 14-year period (2000–2015). Pearson chi-squared and Student's t-tests were used to assess the differences in categorical and continuous variables, respectively, between statin users and non-statin users. Univariate and multivariate Cox regression analyses were performed to calculate the hazard ratios (HRs) after adjusting for confounders. Kaplan-Meier analysis was used to assess the cumulative risk of blepharitis between the two cohorts. Results A total of 67,014 patients who used statins were enrolled as the study cohort, and 268,056 patients who did not use statins were enrolled as the comparison cohort. The incidence of blepharitis was 3.04% with statin treatment and 3.72% without statin treatment (p < 0.001). Patients who used statins had a lower risk of developing blepharitis [adjusted hazard ratio (aHR): 0.746, p < 0.001] than those who did not. In addition, diabetes mellitus (DM), hypertension, coronary heart disease (CHD), stroke, chalazion, rosacea, Sjogren syndrome, psoriasis and atopy were found to be possible risk factors for blepharitis. Conclusion Statin use can decrease the risk of developing blepharitis. However, further prospective studies are needed to evaluate statin treatment for various subtypes of blepharitis and to identify the associated mechanism.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kathy Ming Feng
- Department of Ophthalmology, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chi-Hsiang Chung
- Department of Medical Research, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan.,School of Public Health, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan.,Taiwanese Injury Prevention and Safety Promotion Association, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Hao Chen
- Department of Ophthalmology, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Wu-Chien Chien
- Department of Medical Research, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan.,School of Public Health, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan.,Taiwanese Injury Prevention and Safety Promotion Association, Taipei, Taiwan.,Graduate Institute of Life Sciences, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ke-Hung Chien
- Department of Ophthalmology, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Yuan Y, Xiong R, Wu Y, Ha J, Wang W, Han X, He M. Associations of statin use with the onset and progression of open-angle glaucoma: A systematic review and meta-analysis. EClinicalMedicine 2022; 46:101364. [PMID: 35399812 PMCID: PMC8987630 DOI: 10.1016/j.eclinm.2022.101364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2021] [Revised: 02/23/2022] [Accepted: 03/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Statins, the first-line therapy for hyperlipidemia, have received considerable attention as candidates for glaucoma treatments given its neuroprotective effects. In this systematic review and meta-analysis, we intended to assess the association of statin use with the onset and progression of open-angle glaucoma (OAG). METHODS Databases including PubMed, Embase and Web of Science Core Collection were searched for longitudinal studies reporting the association between statin use and OAG onset or progression on Feb 3, 2021. A meta-analysis was performed for the association between statin use and OAG onset. Relative risks (RRs) with 95% confidential intervals (CIs) were retrieved from included studies and pooled using random-effects models. Potential risks of bias were evaluated by the Newcastle-Ottawa Quality Assessment Scale for all eligible studies. This study had been registered on PROSPERO (CRD 42021232172). FINDINGS 515,788 participants (mean age 68.7 years, 62.3% female) from ten studies were included in the systematic review of the association between statin use and OAG onset, and 26,347 OAG patients (mean age 67.3 years, 52.2% female) from seven studies were included for the association between statin use and OAG progression. Potential risks of bias were detected in 12 studies, which were mainly attributed to selection and confounding bias. In addition, 515,600 participants from eight studies were included in the meta-analysis which collectively showed that statin use was associated with a reduced risk of OAG onset (Pooled RR: 0.95; 95%CI: 0.93-0.98; I2=0.199;). No significant heterogeneity or publication bias was found for studies included in the meta-analysis. There were inconsistent evidences for the association between statin use and OAG progression. INTERPRETATION Statin use is associated with a slightly lower risk of OAG onset based on existing evidences from longitudinal observational studies, the association between statin use and OAG progression remains inconclusive. The included evidences were typically weak due to poor study design and under-powered studies. Current findings should be interpreted cautiously and still need to be validated in further research. FUNDING The National Key R&D Program of China (2018YFC0116500), Science and Technology Planning Project of Guangdong Province (2013B20400003), the China Postdoctoral Science Foundation (2019TQ0365), the National Natural Science Foundation of China (82000901 and 82101171).
Collapse
Key Words
- 3‑hydroxy‑3-methyl glutaryl coenzyme a (hmg-coa) reductase inhibitors
- CIS, confidential intervals
- HMG-COA, 3‑hydroxy‑3-methyl glutaryl coenzyme a
- HRS, hazard ratios
- ICD, international classification of diseases
- IOP, intraocular pressure
- NSLCM, non-statin lipid-controlling medications
- OAG, open-angle glaucoma
- ORS, odds ratios
- Open-angle glaucoma
- PRS, relative risks
- RGC, retinal ganglion cell
- VF, visual field
- WOS, web of science core collection
- meta-analysis
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yixiong Yuan
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Ocular Diseases, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ruilin Xiong
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Ocular Diseases, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yi Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Ocular Diseases, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jason Ha
- Centre for Eye Research Australia, Royal Victorian Eye and Ear Hospital, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Wei Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Ocular Diseases, Guangzhou, China
- Corresponding authors.
| | - Xiaotong Han
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Ocular Diseases, Guangzhou, China
- Corresponding authors.
| | - Mingguang He
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Ocular Diseases, Guangzhou, China
- Centre for Eye Research Australia, Royal Victorian Eye and Ear Hospital, Melbourne, Australia
- Department of Surgery, Ophthalmology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Virtanen A, Haukka J, Harju M, Loukovaara S. Statin use and the reoperation rates in glaucoma filtration surgery - population-based cohort study. Acta Ophthalmol 2022; 100:e167-e173. [PMID: 33755323 DOI: 10.1111/aos.14860] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2020] [Revised: 02/01/2021] [Accepted: 03/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To examine the association of systemic statin therapy and reoperation rate after glaucoma filtration surgery (GFS). METHODS This is a population-based, historic cohort study of 2705 eyes undergoing GFS in Finland between July 2009 and December 2016. GFSs were identified from national administrative healthcare registers. Baseline sociodemographic and health characteristics were documented. Reoperation rates of GFS subgroups were analysed, with statin users compared to non-users. The outcomes were modelled using a Poisson regression model adjusted for age, sex, education, statin use, chronic comorbidities, and cataract surgery with incident rate ratios (IRR) as the main outcome measure. RESULTS The cohort contained 2263 subjects with open-angle glaucoma (OAG), 823 men and 1440 women. Surgery was performed on 2705 eyes. First documented procedures: deep sclerectomy (DS) (n = 1601), trabeculectomy (TRE) (799) and glaucoma drainage device (GDD) implantation (305) respectively. In total, 438 secondary operations were performed during the 7.5-year (median 2.25 years) follow-up period. The reoperation rates were 19% after DS, 12% after TRE, and 13% after GDD. Of the surgical procedures, 32% were performed on eyes of patients receiving statin therapy. Statin users showed no difference in reoperation rates (IRR 1.06, CI 0.82-1.37). In subgroups, no difference was observed in the reoperation rates adjusted with statin use after filtration surgery (DS, TRE) (IRR 1.06, CI 0.8-1.40) or GDD implantation (0.57, CI 0.20-1.63). CONCLUSION Systemic statin therapy among surgically treated OAG patients had no impact on secondary surgery rates following DS, TRE or GDD implantation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Aapo Virtanen
- Department of Ophthalmology Helsinki University Hospital Helsinki Finland
| | - Jari Haukka
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology Clinicum/Department of Public Health Tampere University, University of Helsinki Helsinki Finland
| | - Mika Harju
- Unit of Glaucoma Surgery Department of Ophthalmology Helsinki University Hospital Helsinki Finland
| | - Sirpa Loukovaara
- Unit of Vitreoretinal Surgery Department of Ophthalmology Helsinki University Hospital, Research Programs, Individualized Drug Therapy, Helsinki University Helsinki Finland
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Yao X, Pei X, Yang Y, Zhang H, Xia M, Huang R, Wang Y, Li Z. Distribution of diabetic retinopathy in diabetes mellitus patients and its association rules with other eye diseases. Sci Rep 2021; 11:16993. [PMID: 34417507 PMCID: PMC8379227 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-96438-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2021] [Accepted: 08/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The study aims to explore the distribution characteristics and influencing factors of diabetic retinopathy (DR) in diabetes mellitus (DM) patients and association rules of eye diseases in these patients. Data were obtained from 1284 DM patients at Henan Provincial People’s Hospital. Association rules were employed to calculate the probability of the common occurrence of eye-related diseases in DM patients. A web visualization network diagram was used to display the association rules of the eye-related diseases in DM patients. DR prevalence in people aged < 40 years (≥ 58.5%) was higher than that in those aged 50–60 years (≤ 43.7%). Patients with DM in rural areas were more likely to have DR than those in urban areas (56.2% vs. 35.6%, P < 0.001). DR prevalence in Pingdingshan City (68.4%) was significantly higher than in other cities. The prevalence of DR in patients who had DM for ≥ 5 years was higher than in other groups (P < 0.001). About 33.07% of DM patients had both diabetic maculopathy and DR, and 36.02% had both diabetic maculopathy and cataracts. The number of strong rules in patients ≥ 60 years old was more than those in people under 60 in age, and those in rural areas had more strong rules than those in urban areas. DM patients with one or more eye diseases are at higher risks of other eye diseases than general DM patients. These association rules are affected by factors such as age, region, disease duration, and DR severity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xi Yao
- Henan Eye Institute, Henan Eye Hospital, and Henan Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, People's Hospital of Zhengzhou University, People's Hospital of Henan University, Zhengzhou City, 450000, China
| | - Xiaoting Pei
- Henan Eye Institute, Henan Eye Hospital, and Henan Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, People's Hospital of Zhengzhou University, People's Hospital of Henan University, Zhengzhou City, 450000, China.
| | - Yingrui Yang
- Henan Eye Institute, Henan Eye Hospital, and Henan Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, People's Hospital of Zhengzhou University, People's Hospital of Henan University, Zhengzhou City, 450000, China
| | - Hongmei Zhang
- Nursing Department, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, People's Hospital of Zhengzhou University, People's Hospital of Henan University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Mengting Xia
- Henan Eye Institute, Henan Eye Hospital, and Henan Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, People's Hospital of Zhengzhou University, People's Hospital of Henan University, Zhengzhou City, 450000, China
| | - Ranran Huang
- Henan Eye Institute, Henan Eye Hospital, and Henan Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, People's Hospital of Zhengzhou University, People's Hospital of Henan University, Zhengzhou City, 450000, China
| | - Yuming Wang
- Departments of Science and Technology Administration, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, Henan University People's Hospital, Zhengzhou University People's Hospital, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Zhijie Li
- Henan Eye Institute, Henan Eye Hospital, and Henan Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, People's Hospital of Zhengzhou University, People's Hospital of Henan University, Zhengzhou City, 450000, China.
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Cataract Surgery in Elderly Subjects with Heterozygous Familial Hypercholesterolemia in Prolonged Treatment with Statins. J Clin Med 2021; 10:jcm10163494. [PMID: 34441790 PMCID: PMC8397196 DOI: 10.3390/jcm10163494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2021] [Revised: 07/28/2021] [Accepted: 08/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Cataracts are the main cause of blindness and represent one fifth of visual problems worldwide. It is still unknown whether prolonged statin treatment favors the development of cataracts. We aimed to ascertain the prevalence of cataract surgery in elderly subjects with genetically diagnosed heterozygous familial hypercholesterolemia (HeFH) receiving statin treatment for ≥5 years, and compare this with controls. Methods: This is an observational, multicenter, case–control study from five lipid clinics in Spain. We collected data with the following inclusion criteria: age ≥65 years, LDL cholesterol levels ≥220 mg/dL without lipid-lowering drugs, a pathogenic mutation in a candidate gene for HeFH (LDLR, APOB, or PCSK9) and statin treatment for ≥5 years. Controls were selected from relatives of HeFH patients without hypercholesterolemia. Linear and logistic regressions based on generalized linear models and generalized estimating equations (GEE) were used. Cataract surgery was used as a proxy for cataract development. Results: We analyzed 205 subjects, 112 HeFH, and 93 controls, with a mean age of 71.8 (6.5) and 70.0 (7.3) years, respectively. HeFH subjects presented no difference in clinical characteristics, including smoking, hypertension, and type 2 diabetes mellitus, compared with controls. The mean duration of lipid-lowering treatment in HeFH was 22.5 (8.7) years. Cataract surgery prevalence was not significantly different between cases and controls. The presence of cataracts was associated neither with LDLc nor with the length of the statin therapy. Conclusion: In the present study, HeFH was not a risk factor for cataract surgery and prolonged statin treatment did not favor it either. These findings suggest that statin treatment is not related with cataracts.
Collapse
|
19
|
van Heerden M, Roosen W, Lachau-Durand S, Bailey G, Ndifor A. Exacerbation of Background Nuclear Cataracts in Sprague-Dawley Rats in Embryo-Fetal Development Studies With JNJ-42165279, a Fatty Acid Amide Hydrolase Inhibitor. Toxicol Pathol 2021; 49:1193-1205. [PMID: 34128434 DOI: 10.1177/01926233211010444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Fetal examinations in embryo-fetal developmental (EFD) studies are based on macroscopic and dissecting microscopic evaluations, and histopathology is rarely performed other than to confirm macroscopic findings. Fetal lens examination is therefore generally limited to the presence, size, shape, and color of any abnormality. In a Sprague-Dawley rat EFD study with the fatty acid amide hydrolase (FAAH) inhibitor JNJ-42165279, an unusually high incidence of macroscopic granular foci was noted within the lens of gestation day 21 fetuses across all groups including controls, with higher incidence in the high-dose group. On histological evaluation of the lenses from fetuses with/without gross findings, primary lens fiber hypertrophy (swelling) and degeneration were observed across vehicle- and JNJ-42165279-exposed fetuses. In a follow-up study to investigate the progression or resolution of the fetal lens changes, animals exposed to suprapharmacological doses of JNJ-42165279 in utero had higher incidence of nuclear cataracts as detected via slit-lamp ophthalmic examinations on postnatal days 18 to 21 and 35 to 41. No histologic correlates for these cataracts were identified. We conclude that fetal primary lens fiber hypertrophy and nuclear cataracts at ophthalmology, are common background changes in this rat strain that are exacerbated by in utero exposure to the FAAH inhibitor JNJ-42165279.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Wendy Roosen
- 81828Janssen Research & Development, Beerse, Belgium
| | | | - Graham Bailey
- 81828Janssen Research & Development, Beerse, Belgium
| | - Anthony Ndifor
- 6808Janssen Research & Development, LLC, San Diego, CA, USA
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Pescina S, Sonvico F, Clementino A, Padula C, Santi P, Nicoli S. Preliminary Investigation on Simvastatin-Loaded Polymeric Micelles in View of the Treatment of the Back of the Eye. Pharmaceutics 2021; 13:pharmaceutics13060855. [PMID: 34207544 PMCID: PMC8230077 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics13060855] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2021] [Revised: 05/19/2021] [Accepted: 06/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
There is increasing consensus in considering statins beneficial for age-related macular degeneration and in general, for immune and inflammatory mediated diseases affecting the posterior segment of the eye. However, all available data relate to oral administration, and safety and effectiveness of statins directly administered to the eye are not yet known, despite their ophthalmic administration could be beneficial. The aim was the development and the characterization of polymeric micelles based on TPGS or TPGS/poloxamer 407 to increase simvastatin solubility and stability and to enhance the delivery of the drug to the posterior segment of the eye via trans-scleral permeation. Simvastatin was chosen as a model statin and its active hydroxy acid metabolite was investigated as well. Results demonstrated that polymeric micelles increased simvastatin solubility at least 30-fold and particularly TPGS/poloxamer 407 mixed micelles, successfully stabilized simvastatin over time, preventing the hydrolysis when stored for 1 month at 4 °C. Furthermore, both TPGS (1.3 mPas) and mixed micelles (33.2 mPas) showed low viscosity, suitable for periocular administration. TPGS micelles resulted the best performing in delivery simvastatin either across conjunctiva or sclera in ex vivo porcine models. The data pave the way for a future viable ocular administration of statins.
Collapse
|
21
|
Meng LH, Chen YX. Lipid accumulation and protein modifications of Bruch's membrane in age-related macular degeneration. Int J Ophthalmol 2021; 14:766-773. [PMID: 34012894 DOI: 10.18240/ijo.2021.05.19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2020] [Accepted: 02/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is a progressive retinal disease, which is the leading cause of blindness in western countries. There is an urgency to establish new therapeutic strategies that could prevent or delay the progression of AMD more efficiently. Until now, the pathogenesis of AMD has remained unclear, limiting the development of the novel therapy. Bruch's membrane (BM) goes through remarkable changes in AMD, playing a significant role during the disease course. The main aim of this review is to present the crucial processes that occur at the level of BM, with special consideration of the lipid accumulation and protein modifications. Besides, some therapies targeted at these molecules and the construction of BM in tissue engineering of retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) cells transplantation were listed. Hopefully, this review may provide a reference for researchers engaged in pathogenesis or management on AMD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Li-Hui Meng
- Department of Ophthalmology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100730, China.,Key Laboratory of Ocular Fundus Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100730, China
| | - You-Xin Chen
- Department of Ophthalmology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100730, China.,Key Laboratory of Ocular Fundus Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100730, China
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Syed MF, Rehmani A, Yang M. Ocular Side Effects of Common Systemic Medications and Systemic Side Effects of Ocular Medications. Med Clin North Am 2021; 105:425-444. [PMID: 33926639 DOI: 10.1016/j.mcna.2021.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
When prescribing medications, it is important to consider the ocular side effects of common systemic therapy as well as potential systemic side effects of ocular medications. Although not an exhaustive list of medications/classes of medications, this article does include many commonly used drugs and also provides information on some topical therapies commonly used by ophthalmologists. These ocular medications may result in systemic effects and/or alter patients' management of systemic conditions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Misha F Syed
- University of Texas Medical Branch, 700 University Boulevard, Galveston, TX 77555, USA.
| | - Ahmad Rehmani
- University of Texas Medical Branch, 700 University Boulevard, Galveston, TX 77555, USA
| | - Matthew Yang
- University of Texas Medical Branch, 700 University Boulevard, Galveston, TX 77555, USA
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Atorvastatin-Eluting Contact Lenses: Effects of Molecular Imprinting and Sterilization on Drug Loading and Release. Pharmaceutics 2021; 13:pharmaceutics13050606. [PMID: 33922123 PMCID: PMC8143582 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics13050606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2021] [Revised: 04/15/2021] [Accepted: 04/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Statins are receiving increasing attention in the ophthalmic field. Their activity as 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl–CoA (HMG–CoA) reductase inhibitors is clinically used to regulate cholesterol levels and leads to pleiotropic effects, which may help in the management of diabetes-related ocular pathologies. This work aims to design bioinspired contact lenses (CLs) with an affinity for atorvastatin by mimicking the active site of HMG–CoA reductase. Sets of imprinted and nonimprinted 2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate (HEMA) hydrogels were synthesized, varying the contents in functional monomers that bear chemical groups that resemble those present in HMG–CoA reductase, namely, ethylene glycol phenyl ether methacrylate (EGPEM), 2-aminoethyl methacrylate hydrochloride (AEMA), and N-(3-aminopropyl) methacrylamide hydrochloride (APMA). The hydrogels were characterized in terms of suitability as CLs (solvent uptake, light transmission, mechanical properties, and biocompatibility) and capability to load and release atorvastatin. Three sterilization protocols (steam heat, gamma radiation, and high hydrostatic pressure) were implemented and their effects on hydrogel properties were evaluated. Copolymerization of AEMA and, particularly, APMA endowed the hydrogels with a high affinity for atorvastatin (up to 11 mg/g; KN/W > 200). Only high hydrostatic pressure sterilization preserved atorvastatin stability and hydrogel performance. Permeability studies through the porcine cornea and sclera tissues revealed that the amount of atorvastatin accumulated in the cornea and sclera could be effective to treat ocular surface diseases.
Collapse
|
24
|
Yamamoto-Rodríguez L, Zarbin MA, Casaroli-Marano RP. New frontiers and clinical implications in the pathophysiology of age-related macular degeneration. Med Clin (Barc) 2020; 154:496-504. [PMID: 32197861 DOI: 10.1016/j.medcli.2020.01.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2019] [Revised: 01/29/2020] [Accepted: 01/31/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) involves progressive degeneration of the central retina, termed the macula, which provides high-acuity vision needed to recognize faces, drive, etc. AMD is the leading cause of blindness in the aging population. A plethora of paradigm-shifting perspectives regarding AMD's multifaceted pathophysiology is emerging. This review will endeavor to gather novel insights and attempts to identify translational implications and new areas of research. The concept of aberrant inflammation being at the center of age-related diseases, particularly AMD, is being received with increasing credence. Retinal angiogenesis, at the forefront of the neovascular complications of AMD (nAMD), is now being understood as an imbalance between trophic factors released by retinal cells secretome. Additionally, mechanisms involving oxidative stress and inflammatory complement pathways have also been identified, along with genetic and other risk factors that play a key role in AMD's onset and progression. Associations have been drawn with AMD and other degenerative deposit diseases such as Alzheimer's disease, atherosclerosis, and glomerulonephritis, which are providing further insight into this maculopathy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Liria Yamamoto-Rodríguez
- Department of Surgery, School of Medicine (FMCS) & Hospital Clinic de Barcelona, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Marco A Zarbin
- Institute of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Rutgers-New Jersey Medical School, Rutgers University, Newark, NJ, USA
| | - Ricardo P Casaroli-Marano
- Department of Surgery, School of Medicine (FMCS) & Hospital Clinic de Barcelona, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; Institute of Biomedical Research - IIB-Sant Pau (SGR1113) &Banc de Sang i Teixits (BST), Barcelona, Spain.
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Butina EK, Bochkareva EV, Kim IV. Statins and the risk of cataract. КАРДИОВАСКУЛЯРНАЯ ТЕРАПИЯ И ПРОФИЛАКТИКА 2019. [DOI: 10.15829/1728-8800-2019-6-75-79] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - I. V. Kim
- National Medical Research Center for Preventive
| |
Collapse
|