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Hoorzook KB, Pieterse A, Heine L, Barnard TG, van Rensburg NJ. Soul of the Jukskei River: The Extent of Bacterial Contamination in the Jukskei River in Gauteng Province, South Africa. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:8537. [PMID: 34444286 PMCID: PMC8392637 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18168537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2021] [Revised: 07/26/2021] [Accepted: 07/28/2021] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
River water quality is an important health issue as the water is utilised for drinking, domestic and agricultural use in developing countries. This study aimed to investigate the effect water from a major city has on the water quality of the Jukskei River that daylights in Johannesburg, South Africa. The river water samples were analysed for physio-chemical properties, microbiology, antibiotic resistance of bacterial isolates, genetic markers, and potentially toxic metals. Data analysis revealed increased electrical conductivity, total dissolved solids, and turbidity since 2010. Total Coliform and Escherichia coli detected were above the South African water quality guidelines for domestic, recreational, and irrigation purposes. Additionally, sodium, zinc, nickel, lithium, and lead exceeded the guidelines in domestic, recreational, and irrigation water. Pathogenic strains of E. coli (aEPEC, EHEC, EIEC, and EAEC) were isolated from the water. Various other potentially pathogenic organisms that have been implicated as causes of gastro-intestinal, and a wide range of other diseases, were also detected and demonstrated multiple levels of resistance to antibiotics tested. The results show that the river water is a potential health threat to downstream users. These results will feed into the environmental management action plan for Water for the Future (NGO group).
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Affiliation(s)
- Kousar Banu Hoorzook
- Process Energy Environment Technology Station (PEETS), Faculty of Engineering and Built Environment, University of Johannesburg, P.O. Box 17011, Doornfontein, Johannesburg 2028, South Africa;
- Water and Health Research Centre, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Johannesburg, P.O. Box 17011, Doornfontein, Johannesburg 2028, South Africa; (A.P.); (L.H.); (T.G.B.)
| | - Anton Pieterse
- Water and Health Research Centre, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Johannesburg, P.O. Box 17011, Doornfontein, Johannesburg 2028, South Africa; (A.P.); (L.H.); (T.G.B.)
| | - Lee Heine
- Water and Health Research Centre, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Johannesburg, P.O. Box 17011, Doornfontein, Johannesburg 2028, South Africa; (A.P.); (L.H.); (T.G.B.)
| | - Tobias George Barnard
- Water and Health Research Centre, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Johannesburg, P.O. Box 17011, Doornfontein, Johannesburg 2028, South Africa; (A.P.); (L.H.); (T.G.B.)
| | - Nickey Janse van Rensburg
- Process Energy Environment Technology Station (PEETS), Faculty of Engineering and Built Environment, University of Johannesburg, P.O. Box 17011, Doornfontein, Johannesburg 2028, South Africa;
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Oh NS, Lee JY, Kim YT, Kim SH, Lee JH. Cancer-protective effect of a synbiotic combination between Lactobacillus gasseri 505 and a Cudrania tricuspidata leaf extract on colitis-associated colorectal cancer. Gut Microbes 2020; 12:1785803. [PMID: 32663105 PMCID: PMC7524312 DOI: 10.1080/19490976.2020.1785803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Previously, a synbiotic combination of probiotic Lactobacillus gasseri 505 (LG) and a new prebiotic, Cudrania tricuspidata leaf extract (CT) in fermented milk, designated FCT, showed an in vitro immunomodulatory effect and antioxidant activity. Although synbiotic combination might have cancer-protective effects, these activities have not been fully validated in vivo. Ten-week treatment of LG, CT, or FCT to azoxymethane (AOM)/dextran sodium sulfate (DSS)-induced colitis-associated colorectal cancer (CAC) mouse model reduced both the incidence of colonic tumors and damage to the colonic mucosa effectively, suggesting a cancer-protective effect. To understand these, biomarkers associated with inflammation, colon barrier, apoptosis, and cancer cell proliferation were monitored in AOM/DSS group versus LG/CT/FCT groups. A synbiotic combination (FCT) down-regulated pro-inflammatory cytokines (TNF-α, IFN-γ, IL-1β, and IL-6) and inflammation-associated enzymes (iNOS and COX-2), and up-regulated anti-inflammatory cytokines (IL-4 and IL-10). In addition, colon barrier experiment revealed that biomarkers of mucus layer (MUC-2 and TFF3) and tight junction (occludin and ZO-1) were up-regulated. Subsequent apoptosis experiment showed that pro-apoptotic factors (p53, p21, and Bax) were up-regulated and anti-apoptotic factors (Bcl-2 and Bcl-xL) were down-regulated. Furthermore, comparative metagenome analysis of gut microbiota revealed that Staphylococcus decreased but Lactobacillus, Bifidobacterium, and Akkermansia increased, supporting their protective effects, accompanied by increased short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs). Taken together, the FCT administration showed cancer-protective effects by reducing the risk of colitis-associated colon cancer via regulation of inflammation, carcinogenesis, and compositional change of gut microbiota. Consequently, the synbiotic combination (FCT) could be a novel potential health-protective natural agent against CAC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nam Su Oh
- Department of Food and Biotechnology, Korea University, Sejong, South Korea
| | - Ji Young Lee
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Korea University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - You-Tae Kim
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, Graduate School of Biotechnology, Kyung Hee University, Yongin, South Korea
| | - Sae Hun Kim
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Korea University, Seoul, South Korea,Sae Hun Kim 145 Anam-ro, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul 02841, South Korea
| | - Ju-Hoon Lee
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, Graduate School of Biotechnology, Kyung Hee University, Yongin, South Korea,CONTACT Ju-Hoon Lee 1732 Deogyeong-daero, Giheung-gu, Yongin-si, Gyeonggi-do 17104, South Korea
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Sibanyoni JJ, Tabit FT. An assessment of the hygiene status and incidence of foodborne pathogens on food contact surfaces in the food preparation facilities of schools. Food Control 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodcont.2018.11.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Tong Thi AN, Samapundo S, Devlieghere F, Heyndrickx M. Microbiota of frozen Vietnamese catfish (Pangasius hypophthalmus) marketed in Belgium. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF FOOD CONTAMINATION 2016. [DOI: 10.1186/s40550-016-0041-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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Duarte CM, Freitas PP, Bexiga R. Technological advances in bovine mastitis diagnosis: an overview. J Vet Diagn Invest 2015; 27:665-72. [PMID: 26450837 DOI: 10.1177/1040638715603087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Bovine mastitis is an economic burden for dairy farmers and preventive control measures are crucial for the sustainability of any dairy business. The identification of etiological agents is necessary in controlling the disease, reducing risk of chronic infections and targeting antimicrobial therapy. The suitability of a detection method for routine diagnosis depends on several factors, including specificity, sensitivity, cost, time in producing results, and suitability for large-scale sampling of milk. This article focuses on current methodologies for identification of mastitis pathogens and for detection of inflammation, as well as the advantages and disadvantages of different methods. Emerging technologies, such as transcriptome and proteome analyses and nano- and microfabrication of portable devices, offer promising, sensitive methods for advanced detection of mastitis pathogens and biomarkers of inflammation. The demand for alternative, fast, and reliable diagnostic procedures is rising as farms become bigger. Several examples of technological and scientific advances are summarized which have given rise to more sensitive, reliable and faster diagnostic results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carla M Duarte
- Interdisciplinary Centre of Research in Animal Health (CIISA), Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal (Duarte, Bexiga)Institute for Systems and Computer Engineering-Microsystems and Nanotechnology (INESC-MN), Lisbon, Portugal (Duarte, Freitas)International Iberian Nanotechnology Laboratory (INL), Braga, Portugal (Freitas)
| | - Paulo P Freitas
- Interdisciplinary Centre of Research in Animal Health (CIISA), Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal (Duarte, Bexiga)Institute for Systems and Computer Engineering-Microsystems and Nanotechnology (INESC-MN), Lisbon, Portugal (Duarte, Freitas)International Iberian Nanotechnology Laboratory (INL), Braga, Portugal (Freitas)
| | - Ricardo Bexiga
- Interdisciplinary Centre of Research in Animal Health (CIISA), Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal (Duarte, Bexiga)Institute for Systems and Computer Engineering-Microsystems and Nanotechnology (INESC-MN), Lisbon, Portugal (Duarte, Freitas)International Iberian Nanotechnology Laboratory (INL), Braga, Portugal (Freitas)
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Nam YD, Chung WH, Seo MJ, Lim SI, Yi SH. Genome sequence of Staphylococcus lentus F1142, a strain isolated from Korean soybean paste. J Bacteriol 2012; 194:5987. [PMID: 23045498 PMCID: PMC3486103 DOI: 10.1128/jb.01484-12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2012] [Accepted: 08/17/2012] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
This report describes the draft genome sequence of Staphylococcus lentus F1142, which was isolated from a Korean fermented soybean paste (doenjang). The draft genome sequence contained 2.79 Mbp with a G+C content of 31.8%; this is the first S. lentus genome to be reported.
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Affiliation(s)
- Young-Do Nam
- Fermentation and Functionality Research Group, Korea Food Research Institute, Sungnam, Republic of Korea
| | - Won-Hyong Chung
- Korean Bioinformation Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Myung-Ji Seo
- Fermentation and Functionality Research Group, Korea Food Research Institute, Sungnam, Republic of Korea
| | - Seong-Il Lim
- Fermentation and Functionality Research Group, Korea Food Research Institute, Sungnam, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung-Hun Yi
- Fermentation and Functionality Research Group, Korea Food Research Institute, Sungnam, Republic of Korea
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Staphylococcus stepanovicii sp. nov., a novel novobiocin-resistant oxidase-positive staphylococcal species isolated from wild small mammals. Syst Appl Microbiol 2010; 33:183-7. [PMID: 20418037 DOI: 10.1016/j.syapm.2010.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2009] [Revised: 03/17/2010] [Accepted: 03/18/2010] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Five novobiocin-resistant and oxidase-positive staphylococcal strains were isolated from wild small mammals. Phenotypic studies and phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA, rpoB and dnaJ gene sequences revealed that these strains were members of the Staphylococcus sciuri cluster group and were similar to Staphylococcus fleurettii. DNA-DNA hybridisation with closely related staphylococcal species suggested that the strains represented a novel species. The name Staphylococcus stepanovicii is proposed, and the type strain is 196(T) (=PCM 2693(T) =CCM 7717(T)).
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Stepanović S, Ćirković I, Djukić S, Vuković D, Švabić-Vlahović M. Public transport as a reservoir of methicillin-resistant staphylococci. Lett Appl Microbiol 2008; 47:339-41. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1472-765x.2008.02436.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Identification and antimicrobial susceptibility testing of Staphylococcus vitulinus by the BD phoenix automated microbiology system. Curr Microbiol 2008; 57:158-60. [PMID: 18481144 DOI: 10.1007/s00284-008-9169-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2008] [Accepted: 03/25/2008] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
This study evaluated the performance of the BD Phoenix system for the identification (ID) and antimicrobial susceptibility testing (AST) of Staphylococcus vitulinus. Of the 10 S. vitulinus isolates included in the study, 2 were obtained from the Czech Collection of Microorganisms, 5 from the environment, 2 from human clinical samples, and 1 from an animal source. The results of conventional biochemical and molecular tests were used for the reference method for ID, while antimicrobial susceptibility testing performed in accordance with Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute recommendations and PCR for the mecA gene were the reference for AST. Three isolates were incorrectly identified by the BD Phoenix system; one of these was incorrectly identified to the genus level, and two to the species level. The results of AST by the BD Phoenix system were in agreement with those by the reference method used. While the results of susceptibility testing compared favorably, the 70% accuracy of the Phoenix system for identification of this unusual staphylococcal species was not fully satisfactory.
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Stepanović S, Dakić I, Hauschild T, Vuković D, Morrison D, Jezek P, Cirković I, Petrás P. Supplementary biochemical tests useful for the differentiation of oxidase positive staphylococci. Syst Appl Microbiol 2007; 30:316-8. [PMID: 17207599 DOI: 10.1016/j.syapm.2006.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2006] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Differentiation of the oxidase positive staphylococci, Staphylococcus sciuri, Staphylococcus lentus, Staphylococcus vitulinus and Staphylococcus fleurettii, based on tributyrin, urease, caseinase, gelatinase and DNase activity is described. These tests may be used for preliminary identification of oxidase positive isolates of staphylococci resulting in more accurate identification of these species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Srdjan Stepanović
- Department of Bacteriology, School of Medicine, Institute of Microbiology and Immunology, Dr. Subotića 1, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia.
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Hauschild T, Vuković D, Dakić I, Jezek P, Djukić S, Dimitrijević V, Stepanović S, Schwarz S. Aminoglycoside Resistance in Members of theStaphylococcus sciuriGroup. Microb Drug Resist 2007; 13:77-84. [PMID: 17650957 DOI: 10.1089/mdr.2007.713] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
This study investigated the prevalence of aminoglycoside resistance and genes encoding aminoglycoside-modifying enzymes in members of the Staphylococcus sciuri group. A total of 304 S. sciuri group member isolates (284 S. sciuri, 12 S. lentus, and 8 S. vitulinus) from humans (n = 34), animals (n = 133), and environmental sources (n = 137; out-hospital and hospital environment, food) were examined for their susceptibility to amikacin, gentamicin, isepamicin, kanamycin, neomycin, netilmicin, sisomicin, streptomycin, and tobramycin. The overall prevalence of resistance to aminoglycosides was low at 12.1%. Resistance to single aminoglycosides ranged from 0% to 7.2%. The aac(6')-Ie/aph(2"), ant(4')-Ia, and aph(3')-IIIa genes, either alone or in combination, were found in 16 out of 19 isolates showing resistance to nonstreptomycin aminoglycosides. Among the 22 isolates that showed resistance to streptomycin, the genes str and ant(6)-Ia were identified in 18 and 4 isolates, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomasz Hauschild
- Department of Microbiology, Institute of Biology, University of Bialystok, 15-950 Bialystok, Poland
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Chen S, Wang Y, Chen F, Yang H, Gan M, Zheng SJ. A highly pathogenic strain of Staphylococcus sciuri caused fatal exudative epidermitis in piglets. PLoS One 2007; 2:e147. [PMID: 17215958 PMCID: PMC1764720 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0000147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2006] [Accepted: 11/23/2006] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Staphylococcus sciuri are important human pathogens responsible for endocarditis, peritonitis, septic shock, urinary tract infection, pelvic inflammatory disease and wound infections. However, little information is known regarding the pathogenicity of S. sciuri to animals. From the pericardial fluid of a diseased piglet with exudative epidermitis (EE), we isolated a strain of Staphylococcus in pure culture. Surprisingly, this isolate was a member of S. sciuri rather than S. hyicus as identified by its biochemical traits and also by analysis of 23S ribosomal DNA using Internal Transcribed Spacer PCR. In addition, inoculation of newborn piglets with 1x10(10) CFU of the isolate by oral feeding or intra-muscular injection successfully reproduced EE in piglets, which suggested that the oral intake of the pathogen by the animals is one of the major routes of exposure. These unexpected findings prioritized S. sciuri as important zoonotic agents, which may have ramifications for human medicine.
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Stepanović S, Martel A, Dakić I, Decostere A, Vuković D, Ranin L, Devriese LA, Haesebrouck F. Resistance to Macrolides, Lincosamides, Streptogramins, and Linezolid among Members of the Staphylococcus sciuri Group. Microb Drug Resist 2006; 12:115-20. [PMID: 16922627 DOI: 10.1089/mdr.2006.12.115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to characterize the resistance profiles of the Staphylococcus sciuri group members to macrolides, lincosamides, streptogramins (MLS antibiotics), and linezolid upon analysis of large series of isolates that included 162 S. sciuri isolates, nine S. lentus, and one S. vitulinus. The evaluation of their susceptibility by disk diffusion and agar dilution methods, along with PCR detection of the resistance genes erm(A), erm(B), erm(C), mef(A), lnu(A), and lnu(B), were performed. Resistance to macrolides was detected in 10 (5.8%) tested strains, with three and six isolates exhibiting constitutive and inducible MLS(B) resistance phenotypes, respectively. Resistance mediated by active efflux was detected in one strain. The presence of genes conferring resistance, namely erm(B) or erm(C), was detected in two strains. All tested strains were susceptible to pristinamycin and linezolid. Of 172 tested strains, 70.9% were resistant and 26.2% had intermediary resistance to lincomycin, whereas 1.7% were resistant and 50% had intermediary resistance to clindamycin. The lnu(A) gene was detected in two strains only. The great majority of the tested S. sciuri strains (153 out of 162; 94.4%) presumably exhibited LS(A) phenotype because they did not carry lnu genes nor displayed constitutive MLSB resistance, but still showed intermediate resistance or resistance to lincomycin (MICs of 4, 8, 16, and 32 microg/ml). The results obtained indicate that S. sciuri may be naturally resistant to lincomycin. Expression of a novel type of inducible resistance to lincosamides, induced by erythromycin in erythromycinsusceptible strains, was observed in the S. sciuri group isolates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Srdjan Stepanović
- Department of Bacteriology, Institute of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia.
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