1
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Ryngajłło M, Cielecka I, Daroch M. Complete genome sequence and transcriptome response to vitamin C supplementation of Novacetimonas hansenii SI1 - producer of highly-stretchable cellulose. N Biotechnol 2024; 81:57-68. [PMID: 38531507 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbt.2024.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2023] [Revised: 02/28/2024] [Accepted: 03/23/2024] [Indexed: 03/28/2024]
Abstract
Novacetimonas hansenii SI1, previously known as Komagataeibacter hansenii, produces bacterial nanocellulose (BNC) with unique ability to stretch. The addition of vitamin C in the culture medium increases the porosity of the membranes and their stretchability making them highly moldable. To better understand the genetic background of this strain, we obtained its complete genome sequence using a hybrid sequencing and assembly strategy. We described the functional regions in the genome which are important for the synthesis of BNC and acetan-like II polymer. We next investigated the effect of 1% vitamin C supplementation on the global gene expression profile using RNA sequencing. Our transcriptomic readouts imply that vitamin C functions mainly as a reducing agent. We found that the changes in cellular redox status are balanced by strong repression of the sulfur assimilation pathway. Moreover, in the reduced conditions, glucose oxidation is decreased and alternative pathways for energy generation, such as acetate accumulation, are activated. The presence of vitamin C negatively influences acetan-like II polymer biosynthesis, which may explain the lowered yield and changed mechanical properties of BNC. The results of this study enrich the functional characteristics of the genomes of the efficient producers of the N. hansenii species. Improved understanding of the adaptation to the presence of vitamin C at the molecular level has important guiding significance for influencing the biosynthesis of BNC and its morphology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Małgorzata Ryngajłło
- Institute of Molecular and Industrial Biotechnology, Lodz University of Technology, B. Stefanowskiego 2/22, Lodz 90-537, Poland.
| | - Izabela Cielecka
- Institute of Molecular and Industrial Biotechnology, Lodz University of Technology, B. Stefanowskiego 2/22, Lodz 90-537, Poland
| | - Maurycy Daroch
- School of Environment and Energy, Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School, Shenzhen, China
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2
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Lima NF, Maciel GM, Lima NP, Fernandes IDAA, Haminiuk CWI. Bacterial cellulose in cosmetic innovation: A review. Int J Biol Macromol 2024:133396. [PMID: 38945719 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.133396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2024] [Revised: 06/10/2024] [Accepted: 06/22/2024] [Indexed: 07/02/2024]
Abstract
Bacterial cellulose (BC) emerges as a versatile biomaterial with a myriad of industrial applications, particularly within the cosmetics sector. The absence of hemicellulose, lignin, and pectin in its pure cellulose structure enables favorable interactions with both hydrophilic and hydrophobic biopolymers. This enhances compatibility with active ingredients commonly employed in cosmetics, such as antioxidants, vitamins, and botanical extracts. Recent progress in BC-based materials, which encompasses membranes, films, gels, nanocrystals, and nanofibers, highlights its significant potential in cosmetics. In this context, BC not only serves as a carrier for active ingredients but also plays a crucial role as a structural agent in formulations. The sustainability of BC production and processing is a central focus, highlighting the need for innovative approaches to strengthen scalability and cost-effectiveness. Future research endeavors, including the exploration of novel cultivation strategies and functionalization techniques, aim to maximize BC's therapeutic potential while broadening its scope in personalized skincare regimes. Therefore, this review emphasizes the crucial contribution of BC to the cosmetics sector, underlining its role in fostering innovation, sustainability, and ethical skincare practices. By integrating recent research findings and industry trends, this review proposes a fresh approach to advancing both skincare science and environmental responsibility in the cosmetics industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicole Folmann Lima
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Engenharia de Alimentos (PPGEAL), Universidade Federal do Paraná (UFPR), CEP (81531-980) Curitiba, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Giselle Maria Maciel
- Laboratório de Biotecnologia, Universidade Tecnológica Federal do Paraná (UTFPR), CEP (81280-340) Curitiba, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Nayara Pereira Lima
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Engenharia de Alimentos (PPGEAL), Universidade Federal do Paraná (UFPR), CEP (81531-980) Curitiba, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Isabela de Andrade Arruda Fernandes
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciência e Tecnologia Ambiental (PPGCTA), Universidade Tecnológica Federal do Paraná (UTFPR), CEP (81280-340) Curitiba, Paraná, Brazil
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3
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Ribič A, Trček J. Customized 16S-23S rDNA ITS Amplicon Metagenomics for Acetic Acid Bacteria Species Identification in Vinegars and Kombuchas. Microorganisms 2024; 12:1023. [PMID: 38792851 PMCID: PMC11123803 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms12051023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2024] [Revised: 05/04/2024] [Accepted: 05/15/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Acetic acid bacteria (AAB) are involved in food and beverage production bioprocesses, like those in vinegar and kombucha. They oxidize sugars and alcohols into various metabolites, resulting in the final products' pleasant taste and aroma. The 16S rDNA amplicon metagenomics using Illumina technology is usually used to follow the microbiological development of these processes. However, the 16S rRNA gene sequences among different species of AAB are very similar, thus not enabling a reliable identification down to the species level but only to the genus. In this study, we have constructed primers for amplifying half of the 16S-23S rRNA gene internal transcribed spacer (ITS) for library construction and further sequencing using Illumina technology. This approach was successfully used to estimate the relative abundance of AAB species in defined consortia. Further application of this method for the analysis of different vinegar and kombucha samples proves it suitable for assessing the relative abundance of AAB species when these bacteria represent a predominant part of a microbial community.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alja Ribič
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Natural Sciences and Mathematics, University of Maribor, SI-2000 Maribor, Slovenia;
| | - Janja Trček
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Natural Sciences and Mathematics, University of Maribor, SI-2000 Maribor, Slovenia;
- Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of Maribor, SI-2000 Maribor, Slovenia
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4
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Nguyen NN, Tran TTV, Nguyen QD, Nguyen TP, Lien TN. Modification of microstructure and selected physicochemical properties of bacterial cellulose produced by bacterial isolate using hydrocolloid-fortified Hestrin-Schramm medium. Biotechnol Prog 2023; 39:e3344. [PMID: 37025043 DOI: 10.1002/btpr.3344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2022] [Revised: 03/12/2023] [Accepted: 03/25/2023] [Indexed: 04/08/2023]
Abstract
Bacterial cellulose (BC) is a biopolymer with applications in numerous industries such as food and pharmaceutical sectors. In this study, various hydrocolloids including modified starches (oxidized starch-1404 and hydroxypropyl starch-1440), locust bean gum, xanthan gum (XG), guar gum, and carboxymethyl cellulose were added to the Hestrin-Schramm medium to improve the production performance and microstructure of BC by Gluconacetobacter entanii isolated from coconut water. After 14-day fermentation, medium supplemented with 0.1% carboxymethyl cellulose and 0.1% XG resulted in the highest BC yield with dry BC content of 9.82 and 6.06 g/L, respectively. In addition, scanning electron microscopy showed that all modified films have the characteristic three-dimensional network of cellulose nanofibers with dense structure and low porosity as well as larger fiber size compared to control. X-ray diffraction indicated that BC fortified with carboxymethyl cellulose exhibited lower crystallinity while Fourier infrared spectroscopy showed characteristic peaks of both control and modified BC films.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nhu-Ngoc Nguyen
- Faculty of Environmental and Food Engineering, Nguyen Tat Thanh University, Ho Chi Minh City, 754000, Vietnam
| | - Thi Tuong Vi Tran
- Faculty of Environmental and Food Engineering, Nguyen Tat Thanh University, Ho Chi Minh City, 754000, Vietnam
| | - Quoc-Duy Nguyen
- Faculty of Environmental and Food Engineering, Nguyen Tat Thanh University, Ho Chi Minh City, 754000, Vietnam
| | - Tran-Phong Nguyen
- Faculty of Environmental and Food Engineering, Nguyen Tat Thanh University, Ho Chi Minh City, 754000, Vietnam
| | - Tuyet-Ngan Lien
- Faculty of Environmental and Food Engineering, Nguyen Tat Thanh University, Ho Chi Minh City, 754000, Vietnam
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5
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Gorgieva S, Jančič U, Cepec E, Trček J. Production efficiency and properties of bacterial cellulose membranes in a novel grape pomace hydrolysate by Komagataeibacter melomenusus AV436 T and Komagataeibacter xylinus LMG 1518. Int J Biol Macromol 2023:125368. [PMID: 37330080 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.125368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2023] [Revised: 05/19/2023] [Accepted: 06/11/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
The microbial production of cellulose using different bacterial species has been extensively examined for various industrial applications. However, the cost-effectiveness of all these biotechnological processes is strongly related to the culture medium for bacterial cellulose (BC) production. Herein, we examined a simple and modified procedure for preparing grape pomace (GP) hydrolysate, without enzymatic treatment, as a sole growth medium for BC production by acetic acid bacteria (AAB). The central composite design (CCD) was used to optimise the GP hydrolysate preparation toward the highest reducing sugar contents (10.4 g/L) and minimal phenolic contents (4.8 g/L). The experimental screening of 4 differently prepared hydrolysates and 20 AAB strains identified the recently described species Komagataeibacter melomenusus AV436T as the most efficient BC producer (up to 1.24 g/L dry BC membrane), followed by Komagataeibacter xylinus LMG 1518 (up to 0.98 g/L dry BC membrane). The membranes were synthesized in only 4 days of bacteria culturing, 1 st day with shaking, followed by 3 days of static incubation. The produced BC membranes in GP-hydrolysates showed, in comparison to the membranes made in a complex RAE medium 34 % reduction of crystallinity index with the presence of diverse cellulose allomorphs, presence of GP-related components within the BC network responsible for the increase of hydrophobicity, the reduction of thermal stability and 48.75 %, 13.6 % and 43 % lower tensile strength, tensile modulus, and elongation, respectively. Here presented study is the first report on utilising a GP-hydrolysate without enzymatic treatment as a sole culture medium for efficient BC production by AAB, with recently described species Komagataeibacter melomenusus AV436T as the most efficient producer in this type of food-waste material. The scale-up protocol of the scheme presented here will be needed for the cost-optimisation of BC production at the industrial levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Selestina Gorgieva
- Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, University of Maribor, Smetanova 17, 2000 Maribor, Slovenia.
| | - Urška Jančič
- Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, University of Maribor, Smetanova 17, 2000 Maribor, Slovenia
| | - Eva Cepec
- Faculty of Natural Sciences and Mathematics, University of Maribor, Koroška cesta 160, 2000 Maribor, Slovenia
| | - Janja Trček
- Faculty of Natural Sciences and Mathematics, University of Maribor, Koroška cesta 160, 2000 Maribor, Slovenia; Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of Maribor, Smetanova 17, 2000 Maribor, Slovenia
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6
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Netrusov AI, Liyaskina EV, Kurgaeva IV, Liyaskina AU, Yang G, Revin VV. Exopolysaccharides Producing Bacteria: A Review. Microorganisms 2023; 11:1541. [PMID: 37375041 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms11061541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2023] [Revised: 05/31/2023] [Accepted: 06/05/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Bacterial exopolysaccharides (EPS) are essential natural biopolymers used in different areas including biomedicine, food, cosmetic, petroleum, and pharmaceuticals and also in environmental remediation. The interest in them is primarily due to their unique structure and properties such as biocompatibility, biodegradability, higher purity, hydrophilic nature, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, anti-cancer, antibacterial, and immune-modulating and prebiotic activities. The present review summarizes the current research progress on bacterial EPSs including their properties, biological functions, and promising applications in the various fields of science, industry, medicine, and technology, as well as characteristics and the isolation sources of EPSs-producing bacterial strains. This review provides an overview of the latest advances in the study of such important industrial exopolysaccharides as xanthan, bacterial cellulose, and levan. Finally, current study limitations and future directions are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander I Netrusov
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Biology, M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119234 Moscow, Russia
- Faculty of Biology and Biotechnology, High School of Economics, 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - Elena V Liyaskina
- Department of Biotechnology, Biochemistry and Bioengineering, National Research Ogarev Mordovia State University, 430005 Saransk, Russia
| | - Irina V Kurgaeva
- Department of Biotechnology, Biochemistry and Bioengineering, National Research Ogarev Mordovia State University, 430005 Saransk, Russia
| | - Alexandra U Liyaskina
- Institute of the World Ocean, Far Eastern Federal University, 690922 Vladivostok, Russia
| | - Guang Yang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Viktor V Revin
- Department of Biotechnology, Biochemistry and Bioengineering, National Research Ogarev Mordovia State University, 430005 Saransk, Russia
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7
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Wünsche J, Schmid J. Acetobacteraceae as exopolysaccharide producers: Current state of knowledge and further perspectives. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2023; 11:1166618. [PMID: 37064223 PMCID: PMC10097950 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2023.1166618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2023] [Accepted: 03/15/2023] [Indexed: 04/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Exopolysaccharides formation against harmful biotic and abiotic environmental influences is common among bacteria. By using renewable resources as a substrate, exopolysaccharides represent a sustainable alternative to fossil-based polymers as rheological modifiers in food, cosmetics, and pharmaceutical applications. The family of Acetobacteraceae, traditionally associated with fermented food products, has demonstrated their ability to produce a wide range of structural and functional different polymers with interesting physicochemical properties. Several strains are well known for their production of homopolysaccharides of high industrial importance, such as levan and bacterial cellulose. Moreover, some Acetobacteraceae are able to form acetan-like heteropolysaccharides with a high structural resemblance to xanthan. This mini review summarizes the current knowledge and recent trends in both homo- and heteropolysaccharide production by Acetobacteraceae.
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8
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Rocha ARFDS, Venturim BC, Ellwanger ERA, Pagnan CS, Silveira WBD, Martin JGP. Bacterial cellulose: Strategies for its production in the context of bioeconomy. J Basic Microbiol 2023; 63:257-275. [PMID: 36336640 DOI: 10.1002/jobm.202200280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2022] [Revised: 09/14/2022] [Accepted: 10/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Bacterial cellulose has advantages over plant-derived cellulose, which make its use for industrial applications easier and more profitable. Its intrinsic properties have been stimulating the global biopolymer market, with strong growth expectations in the coming years. Several bacterial species are capable of producing bacterial cellulose under different culture conditions; in this context, strategies aimed at metabolic engineering and several possibilities of carbon sources have provided opportunities for the bacterial cellulose's biotechnological exploration. In this article, an overview of biosynthesis pathways in different carbon sources for the main producing microorganisms, metabolic flux under different growth conditions, and their influence on the structural and functional characteristics of bacterial cellulose is provided. In addition, the main industrial applications and ways to reduce costs and optimize its production using alternative sources are discussed, contributing to new insights on the exploitation of this biomaterial in the context of the bioeconomy.
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Affiliation(s)
- André R F da Silva Rocha
- Microbiology of Fermented Products Laboratory (FERMICRO), Department of Microbiology, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, Brazil
| | - Bárbara Côgo Venturim
- Microbiology of Fermented Products Laboratory (FERMICRO), Department of Microbiology, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, Brazil
| | - Elena R A Ellwanger
- Graduate Program in Design (PPGD), Universidade do Estado de Minas Gerais (UEMG), Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Caroline S Pagnan
- Graduate Program in Design (PPGD), Universidade do Estado de Minas Gerais (UEMG), Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Wendel B da Silveira
- Physiology of Microorganisms Laboratory (LabFis), Department of Microbiology, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, Brazil
| | - José Guilherme P Martin
- Microbiology of Fermented Products Laboratory (FERMICRO), Department of Microbiology, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, Brazil
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9
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Jelenko K, Cepec E, Nascimento FX, Trček J. Comparative Genomics and Phenotypic Characterization of Gluconacetobacter entanii, a Highly Acetic Acid-Tolerant Bacterium from Vinegars. Foods 2023; 12:foods12010214. [PMID: 36613429 PMCID: PMC9818992 DOI: 10.3390/foods12010214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2022] [Revised: 12/21/2022] [Accepted: 12/23/2022] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The bacterial species Gluconacetobacter entanii belongs to a group of acetic acid bacteria. In 2000, it was described as a primary species of submerged spirit vinegar-producing bioreactors with a strict requirement of acetic acid, ethanol, and glucose for growth. Over the years, the type-strain of G. entanii deposited in international culture collections has lost the ability for revitalization and is thus not available any more in a culturable form. Here, we have systematically characterized phenotypic features and genomes of recently isolated G. entanii strains and compared them with characteristics of the type-strain available from published data. Using the functional annotation, genes gmhB and psp were identified as unique for G. entanii genomes among species in the clade Novacetimonas. The genome stability of G. entanii was assessed after 28 and 43 months of preculturing the strain Gluconacetobacter entanii AV429 twice a week. The strain G. entanii AV429 did not accumulate giant insertions or deletions but a few gene mutations. To unify further research into acetic acid bacteria systematics and taxonomy, we propose G. entanii AV429 as the neotype strain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karin Jelenko
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Natural Sciences and Mathematics, University of Maribor, 2000 Maribor, Slovenia
| | - Eva Cepec
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Natural Sciences and Mathematics, University of Maribor, 2000 Maribor, Slovenia
| | | | - Janja Trček
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Natural Sciences and Mathematics, University of Maribor, 2000 Maribor, Slovenia
- Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of Maribor, 2000 Maribor, Slovenia
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +386-2-229-3749
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10
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Brandão PR, Crespo MTB, Nascimento FX. Phylogenomic and comparative analyses support the reclassification of several Komagataeibacter species as novel members of the Novacetimonas gen. nov. and bring new insights into the evolution of cellulose synthase genes. Int J Syst Evol Microbiol 2022; 72. [PMID: 35175916 DOI: 10.1099/ijsem.0.005252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The genus Komagataeibacter harbours bacteria presenting the ability to produce increased levels of crystalline nanocellulose, as well as strains used in the industrial production of fermented products and beverages. Still, most of the studies of this biotechnologically relevant genus were conducted based on limited phenotypic methodologies and taxonomical classifications. In this work, a detailed analysis of the currently described genus Komagataeibacter was conducted based on phylogenomic analysis, unveiling the phylogenomic relationships within the genus and allowing a detailed phylogenetic analysis of biotechnologically important genes such as those involved in cellulose biosynthesis (bcs genes). Phylogenomic and comparative genomic analysis revealed that several type strains formed an independent genomic group from those of other Komagataeibacter, prompting their reclassification as members of a novel genus, hereby termed Novacetimonas gen. nov. The results support the reclassification of Komagataeibacter hansenii, Komagataeibacter cocois, Komagataeibacter maltaceti and Komagataeibacter pomaceti as novel members of the genus Novacetimonas. The Novacetimonas hansenii species is the proposed representative of the novel genus. Importantly, phylogenetic analysis based on cellulose biosynthesis genes (bcsABCD, bcsAB2XYC2, bcsAB3C3, bcsAB4), showed that the evolutionary history of these genes is closely related to the strain's phylogenomic/taxonomic classification. Hence, the robust taxonomic classification of these bacteria will allow the better characterization and selection of strains for biotechnological applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pedro R Brandão
- iBET, Instituto de Biologia Experimental e Tecnológica, Apartado 12, 2781-901 Oeiras, Portugal
| | - Maria T B Crespo
- iBET, Instituto de Biologia Experimental e Tecnológica, Apartado 12, 2781-901 Oeiras, Portugal.,Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica António Xavier, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Av. da República, 2780-157, Oeiras, Portugal
| | - Francisco X Nascimento
- iBET, Instituto de Biologia Experimental e Tecnológica, Apartado 12, 2781-901 Oeiras, Portugal
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11
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Antimicrobial Resistance of Acetobacter and Komagataeibacter Species Originating from Vinegars. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:ijerph19010463. [PMID: 35010733 PMCID: PMC8744987 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19010463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2021] [Revised: 12/28/2021] [Accepted: 12/30/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Consumers' preference towards healthy and novel foods dictates the production of organic unfiltered bottled vinegar that still contains acetic acid bacteria. After ingesting vinegar, the bacteria come into close contact with the human microbiota, creating the possibility of horizontal gene transfer, including genetic determinants for antibiotic resistance. Due to the global spread of antimicrobial resistance (AMR), we analyzed the AMR of Acetobacter and Komagataeibacter species originating mainly from vinegars. Six antibiotics from different structural groups and mechanisms of action were selected for testing. The AMR was assessed with the disk diffusion method using various growth media. Although the number of resistant strains differed among the growth media, 97.4%, 74.4%, 56.4%, and 33.3% of strains were resistant to trimethoprim, erythromycin, ciprofloxacin, and chloramphenicol, respectively, on all three media. Moreover, 17.9% and 53.8% of all strains were resistant to four and three antibiotics of different antimicrobial classes, respectively. We then looked for antimicrobial resistance genes in the genome sequences of the reference strains. The most common genetic determinant potentially involved in AMR encodes an efflux pump. Since these genes pass through the gastrointestinal tract and may be transferred to human microbiota, further experiments are needed to analyze the probability of this scenario in more detail.
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12
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Saddique A, Cheong IW. Recent advances in three-dimensional bioprinted nanocellulose-based hydrogel scaffolds for biomedical applications. KOREAN J CHEM ENG 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s11814-021-0926-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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13
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Production of Bacterial Cellulose from Acetobacter Species and Its Applications – A Review. JOURNAL OF PURE AND APPLIED MICROBIOLOGY 2021. [DOI: 10.22207/jpam.15.2.48] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Bacterial cellulose (BC) is a natural polymer secreted as a protective cell covering of certain bacterial species. In contrary to plant cellulose, BC possesses some unique features like high moisture-holding capacity, high durability, high liquid absorbing capabilities, biostability, and biodegradability, makes BC an excellent raw material in wide-ranging areas like biomedical, food, agriculture, paper, textile industries and electronics. The main objective of this review is to discuss various aspects of BC production (different sources for bacterial strain isolation, culture media and, its alternatives also major culture techniques). In addition, various applications of BC are also reviewed.
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14
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Qiu X, Zhang Y, Hong H. Classification of acetic acid bacteria and their acid resistant mechanism. AMB Express 2021; 11:29. [PMID: 33595734 PMCID: PMC7889782 DOI: 10.1186/s13568-021-01189-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2021] [Accepted: 02/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Acetic acid bacteria (AAB) are obligate aerobic Gram-negative bacteria that are commonly used in vinegar fermentation because of their strong capacity for ethanol oxidation and acetic acid synthesis as well as their acid resistance. However, low biomass and low production rate due to acid stress are still major challenges that must be overcome in industrial processes. Although acid resistance in AAB is important to the production of high acidity vinegar, the acid resistance mechanisms of AAB have yet to be fully elucidated. In this study, we discuss the classification of AAB species and their metabolic processes and review potential acid resistance factors and acid resistance mechanisms in various strains. In addition, we analyze the quorum sensing systems of Komagataeibacter and Gluconacetobacter to provide new ideas for investigation of acid resistance mechanisms in AAB in the form of signaling pathways. The results presented herein will serve as an important reference for selective breeding of high acid resistance AAB and optimization of acetic acid fermentation processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoman Qiu
- College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, No. 30, Puzhu Road, Nanjing, 211800, China
- National Engineering Technique Research Center for Biotechnology, Nanjing Tech University, No. 30, Puzhu Road, Nanjing, 211800, China
| | - Yao Zhang
- College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, No. 30, Puzhu Road, Nanjing, 211800, China
- National Engineering Technique Research Center for Biotechnology, Nanjing Tech University, No. 30, Puzhu Road, Nanjing, 211800, China
| | - Housheng Hong
- College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, No. 30, Puzhu Road, Nanjing, 211800, China.
- National Engineering Technique Research Center for Biotechnology, Nanjing Tech University, No. 30, Puzhu Road, Nanjing, 211800, China.
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15
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Marič L, Cleenwerck I, Accetto T, Vandamme P, Trček J. Description of Komagataeibacter melaceti sp. nov. and Komagataeibacter melomenusus sp. nov. Isolated from Apple Cider Vinegar. Microorganisms 2020; 8:E1178. [PMID: 32756518 PMCID: PMC7465234 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms8081178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2020] [Revised: 07/28/2020] [Accepted: 07/30/2020] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Two novel strains AV382 and AV436 were isolated from a submerged industrial bioreactor for production of apple cider vinegar in Kopivnik (Slovenia). Both strains showed very high (≥98.2%) 16S rRNA gene sequence similarities with Komagataeibacter species, but lower 16S-23S rRNA gene internal transcribed spacer (ITS). The highest similarity of the 16S-23S rRNA gene ITS of AV382 was to Komagataeibacter kakiaceti LMG 26206T (91.6%), of AV436 to Komagataeibacter xylinus LMG 1515T (93.9%). The analysis of genome sequences confirmed that AV382 is the most closely related to K. kakiaceti (ANIb 88.2%) and AV436 to K. xylinus (ANIb 91.6%). Genome to genome distance calculations exhibit for both strains ≤47.3% similarity to all type strains of the genus Komagataeibacter. The strain AV382 can be differentiated from its closest relatives K. kakiaceti and Komagataeibacter saccharivorans by its ability to form 2-keto and 5-keto-D-gluconic acids from glucose, incapability to grow in the presence of 30% glucose, formation of C19:0 cyclo ω8c fatty acid and tolerance of up to 5% acetic acid in the presence of ethanol. The strain AV436 can be differentiated from its closest relatives K. xylinus, Komagataeibacter sucrofermentans, and Komagataeibacter nataicola by its ability to form 5-keto-D-gluconic acid, growth on 1-propanol, efficient synthesis of cellulose, and tolerance to up to 5% acetic acid in the presence ethanol. The major fatty acid of both strains is C18:1ω7c. Based on a combination of phenotypic, chemotaxonomic and phylogenetic features, the strains AV382T and AV436T represent novel species of the genus Komagataeibacter, for which the names Komagataeibactermelaceti sp. nov. and Komagataeibacter melomenusus are proposed, respectively. The type strain of Komagataeibacter melaceti is AV382T (= ZIM B1054T = LMG 31303T = CCM 8958T) and of Komagataeibacter melomenusus AV436T (= ZIM B1056T = LMG 31304T = CCM 8959T).
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Affiliation(s)
- Leon Marič
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Natural Sciences and Mathematics, University of Maribor, SI-2000 Maribor, Slovenia;
| | - Ilse Cleenwerck
- BCCM/LMG Bacteria Collection, Laboratory of Microbiology, Ghent University, Faculty of Sciences, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium; (I.C.); (P.V.)
| | - Tomaž Accetto
- Animal Science Department, Biotechnical Faculty, University of Ljubljana, SI-1230 Domžale, Slovenia;
| | - Peter Vandamme
- BCCM/LMG Bacteria Collection, Laboratory of Microbiology, Ghent University, Faculty of Sciences, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium; (I.C.); (P.V.)
| | - Janja Trček
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Natural Sciences and Mathematics, University of Maribor, SI-2000 Maribor, Slovenia;
- Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of Maribor, SI-2000 Maribor, Slovenia
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Towards control of cellulose biosynthesis by Komagataeibacter using systems-level and strain engineering strategies: current progress and perspectives. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2020; 104:6565-6585. [PMID: 32529377 PMCID: PMC7347698 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-020-10671-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2020] [Revised: 04/30/2020] [Accepted: 05/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
The strains of the Komagataeibacter genus have been shown to be the most efficient bacterial nanocellulose producers. Although exploited for many decades, the studies of these species focused mainly on the optimisation of cellulose synthesis process through modification of culturing conditions in the industrially relevant settings. Molecular physiology of Komagataeibacter was poorly understood and only a few studies explored genetic engineering as a strategy for strain improvement. Only since recently the systemic information of the Komagataeibacter species has been accumulating in the form of omics datasets representing sequenced genomes, transcriptomes, proteomes and metabolomes. Genetic analyses of the mutants generated in the untargeted strain modification studies have drawn attention to other important proteins, beyond those of the core catalytic machinery of the cellulose synthase complex. Recently, modern molecular and synthetic biology tools have been developed which showed the potential for improving targeted strain engineering. Taking the advantage of the gathered knowledge should allow for better understanding of the genotype–phenotype relationship which is necessary for robust modelling of metabolism as well as selection and testing of new molecular engineering targets. In this review, we discuss the current progress in the area of Komagataeibacter systems biology and its impact on the research aimed at scaled-up cellulose synthesis as well as BNC functionalisation.Key points • The accumulated omics datasets advanced the systemic understanding of Komagataeibacter physiology at the molecular level. • Untargeted and targeted strain modification approaches have been applied to improve nanocellulose yield and properties. • The development of modern molecular and synthetic biology tools presents a potential for enhancing targeted strain engineering. • The accumulating omic information should improve modelling of Komagataeibacter’s metabolism as well as selection and testing of new molecular engineering targets. |
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Naloka K, Yukphan P, Matsutani M, Matsushita K, Theeragool G. Komagataeibacter diospyri sp. nov., a novel species of thermotolerant bacterial nanocellulose-producing bacterium. Int J Syst Evol Microbiol 2020; 70:251-258. [PMID: 31622229 DOI: 10.1099/ijsem.0.003745] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Thermotolerant bacterial nanocellulose-producing strains, designated MSKU 9T and MSKU 15, were isolated from persimmon and sapodilla fruits, respectively. These strains were aerobic, Gram-stain-negative, had rod-shaped cells, were non-motile and formed white-cream colonies. Phylogeny based on the 16S rRNA gene sequences revealed that MSKU 9T and MSKU 15 represented members of the genus Komagataeibacter and formed a monophyletic branch with K. swingsii JCM 17123T and K. europaeus DSM 6160T. The genomic analysis revealed that overall genomic relatedness index values of MSKU 9T with K. swingsii JCM 17123T and K. europaeus DSM 6160T were ~90 % average nucleotide identity (ANI) and ≤58.2 % digital DNA-DNA hybridization (dDDH), respectively. MSKU 9T and MSKU 15 can be differentiated from the closely related K. swingsii JCM 17123T by their growth on 30 % d-glucose and ability to utilize and to form acid from raffinose and sucrose as carbon sources, and from K. europaeus DSM 6160T by their ability to grow without acetic acid. The genomic DNA G+C contents of MSKU 9T and MSKU 15 were 60.4 and 60.2 mol%, respectively. The major fatty acids of MSKU 9T and MSKU 15 were summed feature 8 (C18 : 1 ω7c and/or C18 : 1ω6c). The respiratory quinone was determined to be Q10. On the basis of the results of the polyphasic taxonomic analysis, MSKU 9T (=TBRC 9844T=NBRC 113802T) represents a novel species of the genus Komagataeibacter, for which the name Komagataeibacter diospyri sp. nov. is proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kallayanee Naloka
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Kasetsart University, Bangkok 10900, Thailand
| | - Pattaraporn Yukphan
- Microbial Diversity and Utilization Research Team, Thailand Bioresource Research Center (TBRC), National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (BIOTEC), Pathum Thani 12120, Thailand
| | - Minenosuke Matsutani
- Graduate School of Science and Technology for Innovation, Yamaguchi University, Yamaguchi 753-8515, Japan
| | - Kazunobu Matsushita
- Research Center for Thermotolerant Microbial Resources, Yamaguchi University, Yamaguchi 753-8515, Japan.,Department of Biological Chemistry, Faculty of Agriculture, Yamaguchi University, 1677-1 Yoshida, Yamaguchi 753-8515, Japan.,Graduate School of Science and Technology for Innovation, Yamaguchi University, Yamaguchi 753-8515, Japan
| | - Gunjana Theeragool
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Kasetsart University, Bangkok 10900, Thailand
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Gorgieva S, Trček J. Bacterial Cellulose: Production, Modification and Perspectives in Biomedical Applications. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2019; 9:E1352. [PMID: 31547134 PMCID: PMC6835293 DOI: 10.3390/nano9101352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 169] [Impact Index Per Article: 33.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2019] [Revised: 09/08/2019] [Accepted: 09/16/2019] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Bacterial cellulose (BC) is ultrafine, nanofibrillar material with an exclusive combination of properties such as high crystallinity (84%-89%) and polymerization degree, high surface area (high aspect ratio of fibers with diameter 20-100 nm), high flexibility and tensile strength (Young modulus of 15-18 GPa), high water-holding capacity (over 100 times of its own weight), etc. Due to high purity, i.e., absence of lignin and hemicellulose, BC is considered as a non-cytotoxic, non-genotoxic and highly biocompatible material, attracting interest in diverse areas with hallmarks in medicine. The presented review summarizes the microbial aspects of BC production (bacterial strains, carbon sources and media) and versatile in situ and ex situ methods applied in BC modification, especially towards bionic design for applications in regenerative medicine, from wound healing and artificial skin, blood vessels, coverings in nerve surgery, dura mater prosthesis, arterial stent coating, cartilage and bone repair implants, etc. The paper concludes with challenges and perspectives in light of further translation in highly valuable medical products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Selestina Gorgieva
- Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Institute of Engineering Materials and Design, University of Maribor, 2000 Maribor, Slovenia.
- Faculty of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Institute of Automation, University of Maribor, 2000 Maribor, Slovenia.
| | - Janja Trček
- Faculty of Natural Sciences and Mathematics, Department of Biology, University of Maribor, 2000 Maribor, Slovenia.
- Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of Maribor, 2000 Maribor, Slovenia.
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Oren A, Garrity G. Notification of changes in taxonomic opinion previously published outside the IJSEM. Int J Syst Evol Microbiol 2019; 69:1850-1851. [PMID: 31259679 DOI: 10.1099/ijsem.0.003451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Aharon Oren
- 1The Institute of Life Sciences, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, The Edmond J. Safra Campus, 9190401 Jerusalem, Israel
| | - George Garrity
- 2Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, Biomedical Physical Sciences, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824-4320, USA
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Oren A, Garrity GM. List of new names and new combinations previously effectively, but not validly, published. Int J Syst Evol Microbiol 2019; 69:597-599. [PMID: 30829568 DOI: 10.1099/ijsem.0.003243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Aharon Oren
- 1The Institute of Life Sciences, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, The Edmond J. Safra Campus, 9190401 Jerusalem, Israel
| | - George M Garrity
- 2Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, Biomedical Physical Sciences, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824-4320, USA
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