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Mashayekhi-Sardoo H, Rezaee R, Riahi-Zanjani B, Karimi G. Alleviation of microcystin-leucine arginine -induced hepatotoxicity: An updated overview. Toxicon 2024; 243:107715. [PMID: 38636613 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxicon.2024.107715] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2023] [Revised: 04/04/2024] [Accepted: 04/09/2024] [Indexed: 04/20/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Contamination of surface waters is a major health threat for all living creatures. Some types of blue-green algae that naturally occur in fresh water, are able to produce various toxins, like Microcystins (MCs). Microcystin-leucine arginine (MC-LR) produced by Microcystis aeruginosa is the most toxic and abundant isoforms of MCs, and it causes hepatotoxicity. The present article reviews preclinical experiments examined different treatments, including herbal derivatives, dietary supplements and drugs against MC-LR hepatotoxicity. METHODS We searched scientific databases Web of Science, Embase, Medline (PubMed), Scopus, and Google Scholar using relevant keywords to find suitable studies until November 2023. RESULTS MC-LR through Organic anion transporting polypeptide superfamily transporters (OATPs) penetrates and accumulates in hepatocytes, and it inhibits protein phosphatases (PP1 and PP2A). Consequently, MC-LR disturbs many signaling pathways and induces oxidative stress thus damages cellular macromolecules. Some protective agents, especially plants rich in flavonoids, and natural supplements, as well as chemoprotectants were shown to diminish MC-LR hepatotoxicity. CONCLUSION The reviewed agents through blocking the OATP transporters (nontoxic nostocyclopeptide-M1, captopril, and naringin), then inhibition of MC-LR uptake (naringin, rifampin, cyclosporin-A, silymarin and captopril), and finally at restoration of PPAse activity (silybin, quercetin, morin, naringin, rifampin, captopril, azo dyes) exert hepatoprotective effect against MC-LR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Habibeh Mashayekhi-Sardoo
- Bio Environmental Health Hazard Research Center, Jiroft University of Medical Sciences, Jiroft, Iran; Jiroft University of Medical Sciences, Jiroft, Iran.
| | - Ramin Rezaee
- Applied Biomedical Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
| | - Bamdad Riahi-Zanjani
- Medical Toxicology Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
| | - Gholamreza Karimi
- Pharmaceutical Research Center, Institute of Pharmaceutical Technology, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran; Department of Pharmacodynamics and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
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Osmakov DI, Kalinovskii AP, Belozerova OA, Andreev YA, Kozlov SA. Lignans as Pharmacological Agents in Disorders Related to Oxidative Stress and Inflammation: Chemical Synthesis Approaches and Biological Activities. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:6031. [PMID: 35682715 PMCID: PMC9181380 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23116031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2022] [Revised: 05/17/2022] [Accepted: 05/24/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Plant lignans exhibit a wide range of biological activities, which makes them the research objects of potential use as therapeutic agents. They provide diverse naturally-occurring pharmacophores and are available for production by chemical synthesis. A large amount of accumulated data indicates that lignans of different structural groups are apt to demonstrate both anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects, in many cases, simultaneously. In this review, we summarize the comprehensive knowledge about lignan use as a bioactive agent in disorders associated with oxidative stress and inflammation, pharmacological effects in vitro and in vivo, molecular mechanisms underlying these effects, and chemical synthesis approaches. This article provides an up-to-date overview of the current data in this area, available in PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science databases, screened from 2000 to 2022.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dmitry I. Osmakov
- Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, ul. Miklukho-Maklaya 16/10, 117997 Moscow, Russia; (D.I.O.); (A.P.K.); (O.A.B.); (Y.A.A.)
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - Aleksandr P. Kalinovskii
- Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, ul. Miklukho-Maklaya 16/10, 117997 Moscow, Russia; (D.I.O.); (A.P.K.); (O.A.B.); (Y.A.A.)
| | - Olga A. Belozerova
- Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, ul. Miklukho-Maklaya 16/10, 117997 Moscow, Russia; (D.I.O.); (A.P.K.); (O.A.B.); (Y.A.A.)
| | - Yaroslav A. Andreev
- Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, ul. Miklukho-Maklaya 16/10, 117997 Moscow, Russia; (D.I.O.); (A.P.K.); (O.A.B.); (Y.A.A.)
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - Sergey A. Kozlov
- Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, ul. Miklukho-Maklaya 16/10, 117997 Moscow, Russia; (D.I.O.); (A.P.K.); (O.A.B.); (Y.A.A.)
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Ledwaba MR, Mphaphathi ML, Thema MA, Pilane CM, Nedambale TL. Investigation of the Efficacy of Dithiothreitol and Glutathione on In Vitro Fertilization of Cryopreserved Large White Boar Semen. Animals (Basel) 2022; 12:1137. [PMID: 35565562 PMCID: PMC9104872 DOI: 10.3390/ani12091137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2022] [Revised: 04/08/2022] [Accepted: 04/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The objectives of this study were to evaluate the properties of sperm motility and morphology under induced oxidative stress, compare the antioxidant capacity of dithiothreitol (DTT) and glutathione (GSH) following the cryopreservation of Large White boar semen, investigate the ability of cryopreserved Large White boar semen to fertilize the matured gilts oocytes and compare the efficacy of DTT and GSH antioxidants in improving the oocyte fertilization by cryopreserved Large White boar semen. The semen was collected from three Large White boars (ten ejaculates per boar) and transported (37 °C) to the laboratory. Semen freezing extenders were supplemented with 5 mM DTT, 5 mM GSH and a combination of 2.5 mM DTT + 2.5 mM GSH. A liquid nitrogen vapor method was used to freeze boar semen. Gilts’ ovaries were collected from the local abattoir and transported (37 °C) to the laboratory. The slicing method was used to retrieve the oocytes from the ovaries. Fresh semen and frozen-thawed semen were used for in vitro fertilization (IVF). For frozen-thawed semen, four treatments (control, 5 mM DTT, 5 mM GSH, and a combination of 2.5 mM DTT + 2.5 mM GSH) were used during IVF in order to evaluate the fertilizing ability of the antioxidants. The supplementation of 5 µM DTT to H2O2-treated semen significantly improved progressive motility (PM) by 14.82%. A combination of 2.5 mM DTT + 2.5 mM GSH treatment reduced percentage of sperm total motility (TM) and rapid motility (RAP) following thawing (p < 0.05). Fresh semen and a combination of 2.5 mM DTT + 2.5 mM GSH treatment recorded a higher percentage of zygotes with polyspermy (p < 0.05). The control treatment numerically recorded a high percentage of zygotes with 1 PN, while the 5 mM DTT treatment recorded a high percentage of zygotes with 2 PN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahlatsana Ramaesela Ledwaba
- Agricultural Research Council, Animal Production, Germplasm Conservation and Reproductive Biotechnologies, Private Bag X2, Pretoria 0062, South Africa; (M.R.L.); (M.A.T.); (C.M.P.); (T.L.N.)
- Department of Animal Science, Tshwane University of Technology, Private Bag X680, Pretoria 0001, South Africa
| | - Masindi Lottus Mphaphathi
- Agricultural Research Council, Animal Production, Germplasm Conservation and Reproductive Biotechnologies, Private Bag X2, Pretoria 0062, South Africa; (M.R.L.); (M.A.T.); (C.M.P.); (T.L.N.)
- Department of Animal, Wildlife and Grassland Science, University of the Free State, Bloemfontein 9300, South Africa
| | - Mamonene Angelinah Thema
- Agricultural Research Council, Animal Production, Germplasm Conservation and Reproductive Biotechnologies, Private Bag X2, Pretoria 0062, South Africa; (M.R.L.); (M.A.T.); (C.M.P.); (T.L.N.)
- Department of Animal Science, Tshwane University of Technology, Private Bag X680, Pretoria 0001, South Africa
| | - Cyril Mpho Pilane
- Agricultural Research Council, Animal Production, Germplasm Conservation and Reproductive Biotechnologies, Private Bag X2, Pretoria 0062, South Africa; (M.R.L.); (M.A.T.); (C.M.P.); (T.L.N.)
| | - Tshimangadzo Lucky Nedambale
- Agricultural Research Council, Animal Production, Germplasm Conservation and Reproductive Biotechnologies, Private Bag X2, Pretoria 0062, South Africa; (M.R.L.); (M.A.T.); (C.M.P.); (T.L.N.)
- Department of Animal Science, Tshwane University of Technology, Private Bag X680, Pretoria 0001, South Africa
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Mehta R, Bhandari R, Kuhad A. Exploring nordihydroguaretic acid (NDGA) as a plausible neurotherapeutic in the experimental paradigm of autism spectrum disorders targeting nitric oxide pathway. Metab Brain Dis 2021; 36:1833-1857. [PMID: 34363573 DOI: 10.1007/s11011-021-00811-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2020] [Accepted: 07/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The present study investigates the neuro-protective ability of nordihydroguaretic acid (NDGA) in the experimental paradigm of autism spectrum disorders (ASD) and further decipher the nitric oxide pathway's role in its proposed action. An intracerebroventricular infusion of 4 μl of 1 M PPA was given in the lateral ventricle's anterior region to induce autism-like phenotype in male rats. Oral administration of NDGA (5, 10 & 15 mg/kg) was initiated from the 3rd day lasting till the 28th day. L-NAME (50 mg/kg) and L-Arginine (800 mg/kg) were also given individually and combined to explore NDGA's ability to act via the nitric oxide pathway. Behavior tests for sociability, stereotypy, anxiety, depression, novelty, repetitive and perseverative behavior were carried out between the 14th and 28th day. On the 29th day, animals were sacrificed, and mitochondrial complexes and oxidative stress parameters were evaluated. We also estimated the levels of neuroinflammatory and apoptotic markers such as TNF-α, IL-6, NF-κB, IFN-γ, HSP-70, and caspase-3. To assess the involvement of the nitric oxide pathway, levels of iNOS and homocysteine were estimated. Treatment with NDGA significantly restored behavioral, biochemical, neurological, and molecular deficits. Hence, NDGA can be used as a neurotherapeutic agent in ASD. Targeting nitric oxide pathway mediated oxidative & nitrosative stress responsible for behavioral, biochemical, and molecular alterations via modulating nitric oxide pathway. The evaluation of iNOS and homocysteine levels conclusively establishes the nitric oxide pathway's role in causing behavioral, biochemical & molecular deficits and NDGA's beneficial effect in restoring these alterations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rishab Mehta
- Pharmacology Research Laboratory, University Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, UGC-Centre of Advanced Study, Panjab University, Chandigarh, 160 014, India
| | - Ranjana Bhandari
- Pharmacology Research Laboratory, University Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, UGC-Centre of Advanced Study, Panjab University, Chandigarh, 160 014, India.
| | - Anurag Kuhad
- Pharmacology Research Laboratory, University Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, UGC-Centre of Advanced Study, Panjab University, Chandigarh, 160 014, India.
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Manda G, Rojo AI, Martínez-Klimova E, Pedraza-Chaverri J, Cuadrado A. Nordihydroguaiaretic Acid: From Herbal Medicine to Clinical Development for Cancer and Chronic Diseases. Front Pharmacol 2020; 11:151. [PMID: 32184727 PMCID: PMC7058590 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2020.00151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2019] [Accepted: 02/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Nordihydroguaiaretic acid (NDGA) is a phenolic lignan obtained from Larrea tridentata, the creosote bush found in Mexico and USA deserts, that has been used in traditional medicine for the treatment of numerous diseases such as cancer, renal, cardiovascular, immunological, and neurological disorders, and even aging. NDGA presents two catechol rings that confer a very potent antioxidant activity by scavenging oxygen free radicals and this may explain part of its therapeutic action. Additional effects include inhibition of lipoxygenases (LOXs) and activation of signaling pathways that impinge on the transcription factor Nuclear Factor Erythroid 2-related Factor (NRF2). On the other hand, the oxidation of the catechols to the corresponding quinones my elicit alterations in proteins and DNA that raise safety concerns. This review describes the current knowledge on NDGA, its targets and side effects, and its synthetic analogs as promising therapeutic agents, highlighting their mechanism of action and clinical projection towards therapy of neurodegenerative, liver, and kidney disease, as well as cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gina Manda
- Department Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Victor Babes National Institute of Pathology, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Ana I Rojo
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Autonomous University of Madrid, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria la Paz (idiPAZ), Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas "Alberto Sols" UAM-CSIC, Madrid, Spain
| | - Elena Martínez-Klimova
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Chemistry, National Autonomous University of Mexico (UNAM), Mexico City, Mexico
| | - José Pedraza-Chaverri
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Chemistry, National Autonomous University of Mexico (UNAM), Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Antonio Cuadrado
- Department Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Victor Babes National Institute of Pathology, Bucharest, Romania.,Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Autonomous University of Madrid, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria la Paz (idiPAZ), Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas "Alberto Sols" UAM-CSIC, Madrid, Spain
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Dain A, Repossi G, Diaz-Gerevini GT, Vanamala J, Das UN, Eynard AR. Long chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (LCPUFAs) and nordihydroguaiaretic acid (NDGA) modulate metabolic and inflammatory markers in a spontaneous type 2 diabetes mellitus model (Stillman Salgado rats). Lipids Health Dis 2016; 15:205. [PMID: 27884155 PMCID: PMC5123226 DOI: 10.1186/s12944-016-0363-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2015] [Accepted: 11/04/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a complex disease with alterations in metabolic and inflammatory markers. Stillman Salgado rats (eSS) spontaneously develop type 2 DM by middle age showing progressive impairment of glucose tolerance with hyperglycemia, hypertriglyceridemia and hyperinsulinemia. We analyzed the effects of supplementation of ω-3 and ω-6 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) with or without nordihydroguaiaretic acid (NDGA) added, an antioxidant and lipoxygenase inhibitor, on metabolic and inflammatory parameters in eSS rats to evaluate whether they can delay development and/or prevent progression of DM. METHODS After weaning, eSS rats received, intraperitoneally, once a month ω-3 (EPA 35% and DHA 40%-6.25 mg/Kg) or ω-6 (90% arachidonic acid- 6. 25 mg/Kg) for twelve months. Two additional groups of rats received 1.9 mg/kg NDGA added to ω-3 and ω-6 fatty acids. Blood samples were collected at day 40, and at the end of the 6th month and 12th month of age to determine plasma triglycerides (TGs), total plasma fatty acids (FA), A1C hemoglobin (HbA1C), C-reactive protein (CRP), gamma glutamyl transpeptidase (GGT), lipo and hydro peroxides, nitrites and IL-6 (in plasma and liver, kidney, and pancreas) and underwent oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) as well. Wistar and eSS rats that received saline solution were used as controls. RESULTS Plasma lipids profile, TG, fasting and post-prandial blood glucose levels, and glycosylated HbA1C showed significant improvements in ω-3 and ω-3 + NDGA treated animals compared to eSS control group. ω-3 and ω-3 + NDGA groups showed an inverse correlation with fasting blood glucose and showed lower plasma levels of GGT, TG, and CRP. eSS rats treated with ω-3 LCPUFAs showed reduced level of inflammatory and oxidative indices in plasma and liver, kidney and pancreas tissues in comparison with eSS control (non-treated) and ω-6 treated groups. CONCLUSIONS eSS rats are a useful model to study type 2 DM pathophysiology and related inflammatory indices. ω-3 + NDGA supplementation, at the doses tested, ameliorated inflammatory, metabolic and oxidative stress markers studied.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alejandro Dain
- Biología Celular, Histología y Embriología, Facultad de Ciencias Medicas, INICSA (CONICET-Universidad Nacional de Córdoba), Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Gaston Repossi
- Biología Celular, Histología y Embriología, Facultad de Ciencias Medicas, INICSA (CONICET-Universidad Nacional de Córdoba), Córdoba, Argentina
- Cátedra de Histología, Embriología y Genética, Universidad Nacional de La Rioja, La Rioja, Argentina
- CONICET, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Gustavo T Diaz-Gerevini
- Biología Celular, Histología y Embriología, Facultad de Ciencias Medicas, INICSA (CONICET-Universidad Nacional de Córdoba), Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Jairam Vanamala
- Department of Food Science, Penn State University, 326 Food Science Building, University Park, PA, 16802, USA
| | - Undurti N Das
- UND Life Sciences, 2020 S 360th St, # K-202, Federal Way, WA, 98003, USA.
- BioScience Research Centre and Department of Medicine, GVP Hospital, Gayatri Vidya Parishad College of Engineering Campus, Visakhapatnam, 530 048, India.
| | - Aldo R Eynard
- Biología Celular, Histología y Embriología, Facultad de Ciencias Medicas, INICSA (CONICET-Universidad Nacional de Córdoba), Córdoba, Argentina.
- CONICET, Córdoba, Argentina.
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Comparing ethylene glycol with glycerol and with or without dithiothreitol and sucrose for cryopreservation of bull semen in egg-yolk containing extenders. Cryobiology 2014; 69:74-8. [PMID: 24858399 DOI: 10.1016/j.cryobiol.2014.05.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2014] [Revised: 04/14/2014] [Accepted: 05/12/2014] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
There are few studies performed for investigating the roles of different ratio and cryoprotectants with dithiothreitol or sucrose on sperm motility characteristics and antioxidant capacities of post-thawed bull spermatozoa. The objectives of this study were to compare glycerol (G) and ethylene glycol (EG) at different concentrations as cryoprotectants and dithiothreitol (D) or sucrose (S) (with/without) as antioxidants in Tris extender for cryopreservation of bull semen. Twenty-four ejaculates obtained from three bulls were included in the study. Each ejaculate was split into four equal aliquots and diluted using both of the Tris extenders with glycerol (5% or 7%) or ethylene glycol (3% or 5%). After that, each extenders were split into three equal aliquots and diluted using both of the dithiothreitol 5mM or sucrose 25 mM, and control (without additives) was cooled to 4 °C and frozen in 0.25-ml French straws. when compared to control, different doses cryoprotectants and antioxidants addition no significantly increased the percentages of post-thaw sperm progressive and motitilities, acrosome abnormality and plasma membrane integrity (P>0.05). However, EG3+S yielded the greatest percentages of the total abnormality (P<0.05). As regard to antioxidant activities G7 and EG5 led to lowest MDA activity with or without D or S but, these results were not supported to the GPx activity (P<0.01). The sperm motion characteristics such as VAP, VCL, ALH and BCF gave significantly different results (P<0.05). When compared the DNA integrity, different doses cryoprotectants without antioxidants addition significantly increased the percentages of the tail intensity and tail moment (P<0.05). There were no significant differences observed in non-return rates among all treatment groups (P>0.05).
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Effects of dithioerythritol on ram semen after the freeze–thawing process. Cryobiology 2011; 63:152-6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cryobiol.2011.08.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2011] [Revised: 07/18/2011] [Accepted: 08/08/2011] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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Bucak MN, Başpınar N, Tuncer PB, Çoyan K, Sarıözkan S, Akalın PP, Büyükleblebici S, Küçükgünay S. Effects of curcumin and dithioerythritol on frozen-thawed bovine semen. Andrologia 2011; 44 Suppl 1:102-9. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1439-0272.2010.01146.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
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Coyan K, Başpınar N, Bucak MN, Akalın PP, Ataman MB, Omür AD, Güngör S, Küçükgünay S, Ozkalp B, Sarıözkan S. Influence of methionine and dithioerythritol on sperm motility, lipid peroxidation and antioxidant capacities during liquid storage of ram semen. Res Vet Sci 2010; 89:426-31. [PMID: 20403626 DOI: 10.1016/j.rvsc.2010.03.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2009] [Revised: 02/25/2010] [Accepted: 03/23/2010] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of methionine and dithioerythritol, added to the Tris extender, on ram sperm motility and LPO (lipid peroxidation) and antioxidant capacities during liquid storage up to 72 h at 5°C. Ejaculates collected from five Merino rams, were evaluated and pooled at 37°C. This study included two experiments. In experiment 1, each pooled ejaculate was divided into four equal aliquots and diluted (37°C) with the base extender, containing 0 (control), 1, 2 and 4 mM methionine, at a final concentration of approximately 4×10(8)sperms/ml (single step dilution), in a 15-ml plastic centrifuge tube. In experiment 2, dithioerythritol, at concentrations of 0 (control), 0.5, 1 and 2 mM, was used as an additive in the extender, and the procedure explained above was applied for the division of aliquots and the dilution of semen. Diluted semen samples were kept in glass tubes and cooled from 37 to 5°C in a cold cabinet, and maintained at 5°C. Sperm motility and LPO and total glutathione (GSH) and glutathione peroxidase (GPx) capacities were determined at 5°C for periods of 0, 24, 48 and 72 h of liquid storage. The extender supplemented with 1 mM methionine led to higher motility percentages (77.0±1.2%), in comparison to the control group (66.0±4.9%), during 72 h of liquid storage (P<0.05). As regards dithioerythritol, it did not statistically improve the motility rates for any of the storage times at 5°C. In biochemical assays, differences in LPO levels between the groups with antioxidants and the control groups were not statistically significant. Compared to the control group, no significant difference was observed in GSH and GPx activities following the addition of methionine, during 72 h of storage. Total GSH and GPx activities did not increase significantly upon supplementation with 0.5 and 1 mM of dithioerythritol, compared to the control group, at any of the time points (P>0.05). Dithioerythritol at 2 mM led (P<0.01) to elevating GSH activity, compared to the control group, during 72 h of liquid storage. GPx activity was approximately 10 times higher for 2 mM of dithioerythritol (P<0.001), compared to that of the control group at all time points. The question regarding the sustainability of sperm survival, LPO and antioxidant capacities following liquid storage of semen remains unanswered. Further studies are required for a better understanding of the biochemical changes and to obtain more information on the determination of lipid peroxidation and antioxidant capacities during cooled storage of ram semen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenan Coyan
- Selcuk University, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Reproduction and Artificial Insemination, Konya, Turkey
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Meyer AN, McAndrew CW, Donoghue DJ. Nordihydroguaiaretic acid inhibits an activated fibroblast growth factor receptor 3 mutant and blocks downstream signaling in multiple myeloma cells. Cancer Res 2008; 68:7362-70. [PMID: 18794123 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-08-0575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Activating mutations within fibroblast growth factor receptor 3 (FGFR3), a receptor tyrosine kinase, are responsible for human skeletal dysplasias including achondroplasia and the neonatal lethal syndromes, Thanatophoric Dysplasia (TD) type I and II. Several of these same FGFR3 mutations have also been identified somatically in human cancers, including multiple myeloma, bladder carcinoma, and cervical cancer. Based on reports that strongly activated mutants of FGFR3 such as the TDII (K650E) mutant signal preferentially from within the secretory pathway, the inhibitory properties of nordihydroguaiartic acid (NDGA), which blocks protein transport through the Golgi, were investigated. NDGA was able to inhibit FGFR3 autophosphorylation both in vitro and in vivo. In addition, signaling molecules downstream of FGFR3 activation such as signal transducers and activators of transcription (STAT)1, STAT3, and mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) were inhibited by NDGA treatment. Using HEK293 cells expressing activated FGFR3-TDII, together with several multiple myeloma cell lines expressing activated forms of FGFR3, NDGA generally resulted in a decrease in MAPK activation by 1 hour, and resulted in increased apoptosis over 24 hours. The effects of NDGA on activated FGFR3 derivatives targeted either to the plasma membrane or the cytoplasm were also examined. These results suggest that inhibitory small molecules such as NDGA that target a specific subcellular compartment may be beneficial in the inhibition of activated receptors such as FGFR3 that signal from the same compartment.
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Affiliation(s)
- April N Meyer
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Moores UCSD Cancer Center, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093-0367, USA
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Lee CY, Wey SP, Liao MH, Hsu WL, Wu HY, Jan TR. A comparative study on cannabidiol-induced apoptosis in murine thymocytes and EL-4 thymoma cells. Int Immunopharmacol 2008; 8:732-40. [PMID: 18387516 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2008.01.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2007] [Revised: 01/17/2008] [Accepted: 01/17/2008] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
It has been shown that leukemia and glioma cells are sensitive to cannabidiol (CBD)-induced apoptosis, whereas primary monocytes and glia cells are relatively insensitive. In the current study, the cellular events and sensitivity to CBD-induced apoptosis between murine thymocytes and EL-4 thymoma cells were compared. Cannabidiol markedly induced apoptosis in a time- and concentration-related manner in both cells. The efficacy of CBD to induce apoptosis was comparable between the 2 types of T cells, whereas CBD induced apoptosis in thymocytes with a slightly greater potency than in EL4 cells. Time-course analyses revealed CBD-mediated apoptosis occurred earlier in EL-4 cells than that in thymocytes. An increased level of cellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) was detected in both cells with the peak response at 2 h post CBD treatment. Concordantly, CBD triggered a gradual diminishment in the cellular thiols. The presence of N-acetyl-L-cysteine (NAC), a precursor of glutathione, markedly attenuated the induction of apoptosis, and restored the diminished levels of cellular thiols. The results demonstrated that both thymocytes and EL-4 thymoma cells were susceptible to CBD-induced apoptosis and that ROS played a critical role in the apoptosis induction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chi-Ya Lee
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
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San-Miguel B, Alvarez M, Culebras JM, González-Gallego J, Tuñón MJ. N-acetyl-cysteine protects liver from apoptotic death in an animal model of fulminant hepatic failure. Apoptosis 2007; 11:1945-57. [PMID: 17021698 DOI: 10.1007/s10495-006-0090-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND This work was undertaken to investigate whether treatment with N-acetyl-cysteine (NAC) prevents oxidative stress and inhibits the apoptotic pathways in an animal model of fulminant hepatic failure. METHODS Rabbits were experimentally infected with 2x10(4) hemagglutination units of a rabbit hemorrhagic disease virus isolate. RESULTS The spontaneous mortality rate of infected animals was 67% at 36 h post infection (pi) and 90% at 48 h pi. This percentage decreased significantly in animals receiving an i.p. injection of NAC (150 mg/kg body way/daily), for 7 days prior to infection. From 36 h pi marked increases were detected in blood levels of transaminases, lactate dehydrogenase, bilirubin and the oxidised/reduced glutathione ratio. All these effects were significantly prevented by NAC treatment. The Bax to Bcl-2 relative expression, the expression of FasL, cytochrome c and PARP-1, and the activity of caspase 3 were significantly increased at 36 and 48 h pi in infected animals. These changes were markedly reduced in animals treated with NAC, with the exception of FasL. CONCLUSION Our results suggest a potential hepatoprotective role of NAC in fulminant hepatic failure, mediated partially through the modulation of the intrinsic pathway of apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- B San-Miguel
- Department of Physiology, University of León, 24071, León, Spain
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Im JY, Han PL. Nordihydroguaiaretic acid induces astroglial death via glutathione depletion. J Neurosci Res 2007; 85:3127-34. [PMID: 17663482 DOI: 10.1002/jnr.21431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Nordihydroguaiaretic acid (NDGA) is known to cause cell death in certain cell types that is independent of its activity as a lipoxygenase inhibitor; however, the underlying mechanisms are not fully understood. In the present study, we examined the cellular responses of cultured primary astroglia to NDGA treatment. Continuous treatment of primary astroglia with 30 microM NDGA caused >85% cell death within 24 hr. Cotreatment with the lipoxygenase products 5-HETE, 12-HETE, and 15-HETE did not override the cytotoxic effects of NDGA. In assays employing the mitochondrial membrane potential-sensitive dye JC-1, NDGA was found to induce a rapid and almost complete loss of mitochondrial membrane potential. However, the mitochondrial permeability transition pore inhibitors cyclosporin A and bongkrekic acid did not block NDGA-induced astroglial death. We found that treatment with N-acetyl cysteine (NAC), glutathione (GSH), and GSH ethyl ester (GSH-EE) did inhibit NDGA-induced astroglial death. Consistently, NDGA-induced astroglial death proceeded in parallel with intracellular GSH depletion. Pretreatment with GSH-EE and NAC did not block NDGA-induced mitochondrial membrane potential loss, and there was no evidence that reactive oxygen species (ROS) production was involved in NDGA-induced astroglial death. Together, these results suggest that NDGA-induced astroglial death occurs via a mechanism that involves GSH depletion independent of lipoxygenase activity inhibition and ROS stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joo-Young Im
- Division of Nano Sciences and Brain Disease Research Institute, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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