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Morel C, Paoli J, Emond C, Debaugnies F, Hardy EM, Creta M, Montagne M, Borde P, Nieuwenhuyse AV, Duca RC, Schroeder H, Grova N. Pharmacokinetic characterisation of a valproate Autism Spectrum Disorder rat model in a context of co-exposure to α-Hexabromocyclododecane. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND PHARMACOLOGY 2024; 105:104343. [PMID: 38122861 DOI: 10.1016/j.etap.2023.104343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2023] [Revised: 12/06/2023] [Accepted: 12/11/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023]
Abstract
Assessing the role of α-hexabromocyclododecane α-HBCDD as a factor of susceptibility for Autism Spectrum disorders by using valproic acid-exposed rat model (VPA) required characterizing VPA pharmacokinetic in the context of α-HBCDD-co-exposure in non-pregnant and pregnant rats. The animals were exposed to α-HBCDD by gavage (100 ng/kg/day) for 12 days. This was followed by a single intraperitoneal dose of VPA (500 mg/kg) or a daily oral dose of VPA (500 mg/kg) for 3 days. Exposure to α-HBCDD did not affect the pharmacokinetics of VPA in pregnant or non-pregnant rats. Surprisingly, VPA administration altered the pharmacokinetics of α-HBCDD. VPA also triggered higher foetal toxicity and lethality with the PO than IP route. α-HBCDD did not aggravate the embryotoxicity observed with VPA, regardless of the route of exposure. Based on this evidence, a single administration of 500 mg/kg IP is the most suitable VPA model to investigate α-HBCDD co-exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Morel
- Calbinotox EA-7488, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Lorraine, Campus Aiguillettes, B.P. 70239, 54506 Vandœuvre-lès-Nancy, France.
| | - J Paoli
- Calbinotox EA-7488, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Lorraine, Campus Aiguillettes, B.P. 70239, 54506 Vandœuvre-lès-Nancy, France; UMR Inserm 1256 nGERE, Nutrition-Génétique et exposition aux risques environnementaux, Institute of Medical Research (Pôle BMS) - University of Lorraine, B.P. 184, 54511 Nancy, France.
| | - C Emond
- Calbinotox EA-7488, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Lorraine, Campus Aiguillettes, B.P. 70239, 54506 Vandœuvre-lès-Nancy, France; PKSH Inc., Crabtree, Quebec, Canada; School of Public Health, DSEST, University of Montreal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.
| | - F Debaugnies
- Department of Medical Biology, National Health Laboratory (LNS), Dudelange, Grand Duchy of Luxembourg.
| | - E M Hardy
- Department of Health Protection, National Health Laboratory (LNS), Dudelange, Grand Duchy of Luxembourg.
| | - M Creta
- Department of Health Protection, National Health Laboratory (LNS), Dudelange, Grand Duchy of Luxembourg.
| | - M Montagne
- Department of Health Protection, National Health Laboratory (LNS), Dudelange, Grand Duchy of Luxembourg.
| | - P Borde
- Department of Medical Biology, National Health Laboratory (LNS), Dudelange, Grand Duchy of Luxembourg.
| | - A Van Nieuwenhuyse
- Department of Health Protection, National Health Laboratory (LNS), Dudelange, Grand Duchy of Luxembourg; Environment and Health, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Leuven (KU Leuven), Leuven, Belgium.
| | - R C Duca
- Department of Health Protection, National Health Laboratory (LNS), Dudelange, Grand Duchy of Luxembourg; Environment and Health, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Leuven (KU Leuven), Leuven, Belgium.
| | - H Schroeder
- Calbinotox EA-7488, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Lorraine, Campus Aiguillettes, B.P. 70239, 54506 Vandœuvre-lès-Nancy, France; UMR Inserm 1256 nGERE, Nutrition-Génétique et exposition aux risques environnementaux, Institute of Medical Research (Pôle BMS) - University of Lorraine, B.P. 184, 54511 Nancy, France.
| | - N Grova
- Calbinotox EA-7488, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Lorraine, Campus Aiguillettes, B.P. 70239, 54506 Vandœuvre-lès-Nancy, France; UMR Inserm 1256 nGERE, Nutrition-Génétique et exposition aux risques environnementaux, Institute of Medical Research (Pôle BMS) - University of Lorraine, B.P. 184, 54511 Nancy, France; Immune Endocrine Epigenetics Research Group, Department of Infection and Immunity-Luxembourg Institute of Health, 29 rue Henri Koch, L-4354, Esch-Sur-Alzette, Grand Duchy of Luxembourg.
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Cherif LS, Cao-Lei L, Farinelle S, Muller CP, Turner JD, Schroeder H, Grova N. Assessment of 9-OH- and 7,8-diol-benzo[a]pyrene in Blood as Potent Markers of Cognitive Impairment Related to benzo[a]pyrene Exposure: An Animal Model Study. TOXICS 2021; 9:toxics9030050. [PMID: 33800341 PMCID: PMC7998639 DOI: 10.3390/toxics9030050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2021] [Revised: 02/14/2021] [Accepted: 03/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
The potent neurotoxicity of benzo[a]pyrene (B[a]P) has been suggested to be a susceptibility factor accelerating the onset of brain tumours and the emergence of neurobehavioural disturbances. B[a]P has been shown to be neurotoxic, acting directly on both the central and peripheral nervous systems, as well as indirectly via peripheral organs like liver and gut. By using a realistic B[a]P exposure scenario (0.02-200 mg/kg/day, 10 days) in mice, we elucidated brain-specific B[a]P metabolism and at identified hydroxylated B[a]P metabolites in serum which could be used as markers of cognitive impairment. Repeated oral administration of B[a]P led to, at the doses of 20 and 200 mg/kg/day, significant overexpression of Cyp1a1/Cyp1b1 in 2 out of the 3 brain regions considered, thereby suggesting the ability of the brain to metabolize B[a]P itself. At the same doses, mice exhibited a reduction in anxiety in both the elevated plus maze and the hole board apparatus. Concomitantly, B[a]P triggered dose-dependent changes in Nmda subunit expression (Nr1 and Nr2a/Nr2b) in areas involved in cognition. We detected 9-OH-B[a]P and 7,8-diol-B[a]P in serum at the level for which cognitive impairment was observed. We suggest that these metabolites may, in the future be exploited as potent biomarkers of B[a]P-induced cognitive impairments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lynda Saber Cherif
- Calbinotox, EA7488, Faculty of Science and Technology, Lorraine University, 54500 Vandoeuvre-lès Nancy, France; (L.S.C.); (L.C.-L.); (H.S.)
| | - Lei Cao-Lei
- Calbinotox, EA7488, Faculty of Science and Technology, Lorraine University, 54500 Vandoeuvre-lès Nancy, France; (L.S.C.); (L.C.-L.); (H.S.)
- Immune Endocrine Epigenetics Research Group, Department of Infection and Immunity, LuxembourgInstitute of Health, L-4354 Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg;
| | - Sophie Farinelle
- Experimental & Molecular Immunology Research Group, Department of Infection and Immunity, Luxembourg Institute of Health, L-4354 Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg;
| | - Claude P. Muller
- Department of Infection and Immunity, Luxembourg Institute of Health, L-4354 Esch-Sur-Alzette, Luxembourg;
- Laboratoire National de Santé, L-3583 Dudelange, Luxembourg
| | - Jonathan D. Turner
- Immune Endocrine Epigenetics Research Group, Department of Infection and Immunity, LuxembourgInstitute of Health, L-4354 Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg;
| | - Henri Schroeder
- Calbinotox, EA7488, Faculty of Science and Technology, Lorraine University, 54500 Vandoeuvre-lès Nancy, France; (L.S.C.); (L.C.-L.); (H.S.)
| | - Nathalie Grova
- Calbinotox, EA7488, Faculty of Science and Technology, Lorraine University, 54500 Vandoeuvre-lès Nancy, France; (L.S.C.); (L.C.-L.); (H.S.)
- Immune Endocrine Epigenetics Research Group, Department of Infection and Immunity, LuxembourgInstitute of Health, L-4354 Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg;
- Correspondence: or ; Tel.: +352-26-970-422
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Islam J, Shree A, Afzal SM, Vafa A, Sultana S. Protective effect of Diosmin against benzo(a)pyrene-induced lung injury in Swiss Albino Mice. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY 2020; 35:747-757. [PMID: 32061149 DOI: 10.1002/tox.22909] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2019] [Revised: 01/03/2020] [Accepted: 02/04/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Diosmin, a naturally occurring flavonoid commonly present in citrus fruit, is known to exhibit anti-inflammatory, antimutagenic, antioxidant, and free radical scavenging as well as blood lipid lowering activities among others. Diosmin has also been used for the treatment of various diseases including diabetes mellitus and Alzheimer's disease. Our study explores the role of Diosmin in pulmonary toxicity (lung injury) induced by environmental contaminant benzo(a)pyrene [B(a)P]. Swiss Albino Mice (SAM) were administered with either Diosmin 100 or 200 mg/kg body weight daily for 14 days and then challenged with a single dose of B(a)P. On the 15th day, animals were sacrificed; lung tissues and blood were collected for molecular analysis. B(a)P administration in mice induced the thickening of lung epithelium, damaged alveolar architecture, and promoted inflammatory cell infiltration in the lung tissues. Also, B[a]P significantly increased the expression of NF-kB, COX-2, IL-6, Bax, cleaved caspase 3, and cleaved PARP proteins and decreased antioxidant enzyme levels. Diosmin-100 and Diosmin-200 significantly attenuated the damage to lung epithelium, alveolar architecture, and reduced inflammatory cell infiltration in the lung tissues of mice. Diosmin significantly (P < .05) attenuated the levels of oxidative stress markers: lactate dehydrogenase and xanthine oxidase. A decrease in expression of NF-kB, COX-2, IL-6, Bax, cleaved caspase 3, and cleaved PARP proteins in mice was challenged with B[a]P. Diosmin thus could be a promising therapeutic adjuvant against B[a]P-induced oxidative stress and lung damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johirul Islam
- Department of Toxicology, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi, India
| | - Alpa Shree
- Department of Toxicology, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi, India
| | - Shekh M Afzal
- Department of Toxicology, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi, India
| | - Abul Vafa
- Department of Toxicology, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi, India
| | - Sarwat Sultana
- Department of Toxicology, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi, India
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Epimedium Polysaccharide Ameliorates Benzene-Induced Aplastic Anemia in Mice. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2020; 2020:5637507. [PMID: 32256652 PMCID: PMC7106868 DOI: 10.1155/2020/5637507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2019] [Revised: 01/11/2020] [Accepted: 02/21/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Benzene (BZ) is an important occupational and environmental pollutant. Exposure to BZ may cause aplastic anemia which is characterized as bone marrow hematopoietic failure. In order to reduce the harmful effects of this pollutant, it is necessary to identify additional preventative measures. In this study, we investigated the protective effects of epimedium polysaccharide (EPS), a natural compound with antioxidant and immune-enhancing potency, on aplastic anemia induced by benzene exposure in mice. Male CD-1 mice were randomly divided into five groups including control, BZ (880 mg/kg), LE (EPS low-dose, 20 mg/kg + BZ), ME (EPS middle-dose, 100 mg/kg + BZ), and HE (EPS high-dose, 200 mg/kg + BZ) groups. Animals were exposed to BZ by subcutaneous injection in the presence or absence of EPS via oral administration. All mice were treated 3 times a week for 8 consecutive weeks to develop a mouse model of benzene-induced aplastic anemia (BIAA). Results showed that BZ induced a significant decrease in both white and red blood cells, platelet counts, and hemoglobin level compared with that in the control group (p < 0.01). Treatment of EPS led to a protective effect against these changes particularly in the highest-dose group (HE, p < 0.01). EPS also recovered the decreased number of nucleated cells in peripheral blood cell smears and femur biopsies by BZ exposure. The increased level of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in bone marrow mononuclear cells (BMMNCs) in mice from the BZ group was significantly lower (p < 0.01) in the mice from the highest concentration of EPS (HE) group when compared with that from the control group. In addition, BZ exposure led to a significant increase in the apoptosis rate in BMMNCs which was prevented by EPS in a dose-dependent manner (p < 0.01). The antiapoptosis effect of EPS was through reversing apoptotic proteins such as BAX, Caspase-9 and Caspase-3, and Bcl-2. Finally, EPS treatment partially restored the levels of T cells and the different subtypes except CD80+ and CD86+ compared with the BZ group (HE, p < 0.05). These results suggest that EPS has protective effects against BIAA via antioxidative stress, immune modulation, and antiapoptosis mechanisms.
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Immunomodulation of carcinogens-induced steroids-dependent human diseases. Saudi J Biol Sci 2019; 26:244-251. [PMID: 31485161 PMCID: PMC6717089 DOI: 10.1016/j.sjbs.2017.09.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2017] [Revised: 09/28/2017] [Accepted: 09/28/2017] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The experimental and clinical data about antibodies against environmental chemical carcinogens and endogenous steroids are represented. The conception of immunomodulation of carcinogens- and steroids-dependent human diseases is proposed. It is postulated that antibodies to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and heterocyclic amines in cooperation with antibodies to cholesterol, sex hormones, mineralo- and glucocorticoids stimulate or inhibit cancer, malformation, cardiovascular and autoimmune diseases depending on their personal combination. It is recommended to use immunoassay of these antibodies for the human diseases prediction. The alternative approaches for prevention using the probiotics transformed by anti-carcinogen antibodies are substantiated.
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Key Words
- Abs, antibodies
- Antibody formation
- BC, breast cancer
- BCP, breast cancer patients
- Benzo[a]pyrene
- Bp, benzo[a]pyrene
- CYP, cytochrome P-450
- Cg, chemical carcinogens
- Cholesterol
- ER+, estrogen receptors positive
- ER, estrogen receptors
- ER−, estrogen receptors negative
- Es, estradiol
- Estradiol
- HW, healthy women
- LC, lung cancer
- LCP, lung cancer patients
- MW, women with malformation
- PAH, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons
- PE, phytoestrogens
- PR+, progesterone receptors positive
- PR, progesterone receptors
- PR−, progesterone receptors negative
- Pg, progesterone
- Prediction
- Prevention
- Progesterone
- S, steroids
- cAhR, cytoplasmic
- mAhR, membrane aril hydrocarbon receptors
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Kaur AP, Saxena N, Chandra NC. Differential response of T cells to an immunogen, a mitogen and a chemical carcinogen in a mouse model system. J Biochem Mol Toxicol 2019; 33:e22290. [DOI: 10.1002/jbt.22290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2018] [Revised: 10/13/2018] [Accepted: 01/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Amar Preet Kaur
- Department of BiochemistryAll India Institute of Medical Sciences New Delhi India
| | - Nimisha Saxena
- Department of BiochemistryAll India Institute of Medical Sciences New Delhi India
| | - Nimai C. Chandra
- Department of BiochemistryAll India Institute of Medical Sciences New Delhi India
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Guan S, Huang Y, Feng Z, Xu L, Jin Y, Lu J. The toxic effects of benzo[a]pyrene on activated mouse T cells in vitro. Immunopharmacol Immunotoxicol 2017; 39:117-123. [DOI: 10.1080/08923973.2017.1299173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shuang Guan
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis, Ministry of Education, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, People’s Republic of China
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yixuan Huang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zhe Feng
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun, People’s Republic of China
| | - Linli Xu
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yingli Jin
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Basic Medical Science, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Jing Lu
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis, Ministry of Education, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, People’s Republic of China
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun, People’s Republic of China
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He J, Ji X, Li Y, Xue X, Feng G, Zhang H, Wang H, Gao M. Subchronic exposure of benzo(a)pyrene interferes with the expression of Bcl-2, Ki-67, C-myc and p53, Bax, Caspase-3 in sub-regions of cerebral cortex and hippocampus. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016; 68:149-56. [DOI: 10.1016/j.etp.2015.11.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2015] [Revised: 11/05/2015] [Accepted: 11/25/2015] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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Zaccaria KJ, McClure PR. Using Immunotoxicity Information to Improve Cancer Risk Assessment for Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbon Mixtures. Int J Toxicol 2013; 32:236-50. [DOI: 10.1177/1091581813492829] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Estimating cancer risk from environmental mixtures containing polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) is challenging. Ideally, each mixture would undergo toxicity testing to derive a cancer slope factor (CSF) for use in site-specific cancer risk assessments. However, this whole mixture approach is extremely costly in terms of finances, time, and animal usage. Alternatively, if an untested mixture is “sufficiently similar” to a well-characterized mixture with a CSF, the “surrogate” CSF can be used in risk assessments. We propose that similarity between 2 mixtures could be established using an in vitro battery of genotoxic and nongenotoxic tests. An observed association between carcinogenicity and immunosuppression of PAHs suggests that the addition of immune suppression assays may improve this battery. First, using published studies of benzo[a]pyrene (BaP) and other PAHs, we demonstrated a correlation between the derived immune suppression relative potency factors (RPFs) for 9 PAHs and their respective cancer RPFs, confirming observations published previously. Second, we constructed an integrated knowledge map for immune suppression by BaP based on the available mechanistic information. The map illustrates the mechanistic complexities involved in BaP immunosuppression, suggesting that multiple in vitro tests of immune suppression involving different processes, cell types, and tissues will have greater predictive value for immune suppression in vivo than a single test. Based on these observations, research strategies are recommended to validate a battery of in vitro immune suppression tests that, along with tests for genotoxic and other nongenotoxic modes of cancer action, could be used to establish “sufficient similarity” of 2 mixtures for site-specific cancer risk assessments.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Peter R. McClure
- SRC, Inc, Defense and Environmental Solutions, North Syracuse, NY, USA
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Chahin A, Peiffer J, Olry JC, Crepeaux G, Schroeder H, Rychen G, Guiavarc’h Y. EROD activity induction in peripheral blood lymphocytes, liver and brain tissues of rats orally exposed to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons. Food Chem Toxicol 2013; 56:371-80. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2013.02.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2012] [Revised: 02/17/2013] [Accepted: 02/18/2013] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Schellenberger MT, Grova N, Farinelle S, Willième S, Schroeder H, Muller CP. Modulation of benzo[a]pyrene induced neurotoxicity in female mice actively immunized with a B[a]P-diphtheria toxoid conjugate. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2013; 271:175-83. [PMID: 23684556 DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2013.05.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2013] [Revised: 04/19/2013] [Accepted: 05/06/2013] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Benzo[a]pyrene (B[a]P) is a small molecular weight carcinogen and the prototype of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs). While these compounds are primarily known for their carcinogenicity, B[a]P and its metabolites are also neurotoxic for mammalian species. To develop a prophylactic immune strategy against detrimental effects of B[a]P, female Balb/c mice immunized with a B[a]P-diphtheria toxoid (B[a]P-DT) conjugate vaccine were sub-acutely exposed to 2mg/kg B[a]P and behavioral performances were monitored in tests related to learning and memory, anxiety and motor coordination. mRNA expression of the NMDA receptor (NR1, 2A and 2B subunits) involved in the above behavioral functions was measured in 5 brain regions. B[a]P induced NMDA1 expression in three (hippocampus, amygdala and cerebellum) of five brain regions investigated, and modulated NMDA2 in two of the five brain regions (frontal cortex and cerebellum). Each one of these B[a]P-effects was reversed in mice that were immunized against this PAH, with measurable consequences on behavior such as anxiety, short term learning and memory. Thus active immunization against B[a]P with a B[a]P-DT conjugate vaccine had a protective effect and attenuated the pharmacological and neurotoxic effects even of high concentrations of B[a]P.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mario T Schellenberger
- Institute of Immunology, Centre de Recherche Public de la Santé/Laboratoire National de Santé, 20A rue Auguste Lumière, L-1950 Luxembourg, Grand-Duchy of Luxembourg
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Huang C, Zhu Y, Jiang Y, Li Z, Yao J, Duan G, Li D, Wang Q. Anticancer Activities of Anti-Membrane Antibodies against Colon Carcinoma Cells Undergoing Chemotherapy. TUMORI JOURNAL 2013; 99:113-20. [DOI: 10.1177/030089161309900119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Aims and background Chemotherapy combined with target therapy using antibodies against tumor cell membrane antigens may greatly increase the survival of cancer patients. Similar to autoantigens in autoimmunity diseases, certain membrane components may be more heterogeneous and create new determinants of antigens or haptens after chemotherapy. The aim of the current study was to prepare anti-membrane antibodies against colon carcinoma cells undergoing chemotherapy and examine their anticancer activities in vitro. Methods After the colon carcinoma cells were treated by mimic chemotherapy, the synthesized poly-lysine was used as a carrier to link the membrane antigen or hapten with the covalent bond of carbodiimide bridging. It was affirmed by fluorescence-activated cell sorting under laser confocal microscopy that the vaccine with poly-lysine membrane-linked cells with a covalent bond was successfully engineered. Then, the cognate mice were vaccinated, and the anti-membrane polyclonal antibodies were prepared and validated for their activities. Results The anti-membrane polyclonal antibodies were effectively induced and prepared. Folliculus lymphaticus were found significantly increased in vaccinated mice, and B lymphocyte proliferation was also intensively stimulated by vaccine and generating antibodies. The polyclonal antibodies, exhibiting minimal endotoxicity, displayed intensive sensitivity, high affinity and strong specificity. They also elicited apoptosis and necrosis for wild type colon carcinoma cells and offered synergistic effect to repress the chemotherapy-resistant tumor cells. Conclusions The poly-lysine-linked membrane for colon carcinoma cells undergoing chemotherapy could produce the anti-membrane polyclonal antibodies (promising as novel antibody molecules for target therapy) and generate an effective immune attack on the surviving cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Changxin Huang
- Affiliated Hospital with Hangzhou Normal University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Ying Zhu
- Second Clinical Medical College of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yiqian Jiang
- Second Clinical Medical College of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Zhaoyang Li
- Affiliated Hospital with Hangzhou Normal University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jifen Yao
- Affiliated Hospital with Hangzhou Normal University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Guangliang Duan
- Second Clinical Medical College of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Da Li
- Institute of Immunology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Qingqing Wang
- Institute of Immunology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
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Takahashi M, Tsujimura N, Yoshino T, Hosokawa M, Otsuka K, Matsunaga T, Nakasono S. Assessment of benzene-induced hematotoxicity using a human-like hematopoietic lineage in NOD/Shi-scid/IL-2Rγnull mice. PLoS One 2012; 7:e50448. [PMID: 23226520 PMCID: PMC3513313 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0050448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2012] [Accepted: 10/22/2012] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite recent advancements, it is still difficult to evaluate in vivo responses to toxicants in humans. Development of a system that can mimic the in vivo responses of human cells will enable more accurate health risk assessments. A surrogate human hematopoietic lineage can be established in NOD/Shi-scid/IL-2Rγnull (NOG) mice by transplanting human hematopoietic stem/progenitor cells (Hu-NOG mice). Here, we first evaluated the toxic response of human-like hematopoietic lineage in NOG mice to a representative toxic agent, benzene. Flow cytometric analysis showed that benzene caused a significant decrease in the number of human hematopoietic stem/progenitor cells in the bone marrow and the number of human leukocytes in the peripheral blood and hematopoietic organs. Next, we established chimeric mice by transplanting C57BL/6 mouse-derived bone marrow cells into NOG mice (Mo-NOG mice). A comparison of the degree of benzene-induced hematotoxicity in donor-derived hematopoietic lineage cells within Mo-NOG mice indicated that the toxic response of Hu-NOG mice reflected interspecies differences in susceptibilities to benzene. Responses to the toxic effects of benzene were greater in lymphoid cells than in myeloid cells in Mo-NOG and Hu-NOG mice. These findings suggested that Hu-NOG mice may be a powerful in vivo tool for assessing hematotoxicity in humans, while accounting for interspecies differences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masayuki Takahashi
- Biological Environment Sector, Environmental Science Research Laboratory, Central Research Institute of Electric Power Industry, Chiba, Japan
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14
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Kumar M, Jain M, Sehgal A, Sharma V. Modulation of CYP1A1, CYP1B1 and DNA adducts level by green and white tea in Balb/c mice. Food Chem Toxicol 2012; 50:4375-81. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2012.08.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2012] [Revised: 08/18/2012] [Accepted: 08/20/2012] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
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Schellenberger MT, Grova N, Farinelle S, Willième S, Revets D, Muller CP. Immunogenicity of a promiscuous T cell epitope peptide based conjugate vaccine against benzo[a]pyrene: redirecting antibodies to the hapten. PLoS One 2012; 7:e38329. [PMID: 22666501 PMCID: PMC3364213 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0038329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2012] [Accepted: 05/04/2012] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The prototype polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon benzo[a]pyrene (B[a]P) is an environmental pollutant and food contaminant of epidemiological importance. To protect against adverse effects of this ubiquitous carcinogen, we developed an immunoprophylactic strategy based on a B[a]P-protein conjugate vaccine to induce B[a]P specific antibodies (Grova et al., Vaccine. 2009;27:4142-51). Here, we investigated in mice the efficacy of B[a]P-peptide conjugates based on promiscuous T cell epitopes (TCE) into further improve this approach. We showed that B[a]P-peptide conjugates induced very different levels of hapten-specific antibodies with variable functional efficacy, depending on the carrier. In some cases peptide carriers induced a more efficient antibody response against B[a]P than tetanus toxoid as a protein carrier, with the capacity to sequester more B[a]P in the blood. Reducing the carrier size to a single TCE can dramatically shift the antibody bias from the carrier to the B[a]P. Conjugates based on the TCE FIGITEL induced the best anti-hapten response and no antibodies against the carrier peptide. Some peptide conjugates increased the selectivity of the antibodies for the activated metabolite 7,8-diol-B[a]P and B[a]P by one or two orders of magnitude. The antibody efficacy was also demonstrated in their ability to sequester B[a]P in the blood and modulate its faecal excretion (15-56%). We further showed that pre-existing immunity to the carrier from which the TCE was derived did not reduce the immunogenicity of the peptide conjugate. In conclusion, we showed that a vaccination against B[a]P using promiscuous TCEs of tetanus toxin as carriers is feasible even in case of a pre-existing immunity to the toxoid and that some TCE epitopes dramatically redirect the antibody response to the hapten. Further studies to demonstrate a long-term protection of an immunoprophylactic immunisation against B[a]P are warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mario T Schellenberger
- Centre de Recherche Public-Santé/National Public Health Laboratory, Institute of Immunology, Luxembourg, Grand Duchy of Luxembourg
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Takahashi M, Tsujimura N, Otsuka K, Yoshino T, Mori T, Matsunaga T, Nakasono S. Comprehensive evaluation of leukocyte lineage derived from human hematopoietic cells in humanized mice. J Biosci Bioeng 2012; 113:529-35. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiosc.2011.11.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2011] [Revised: 10/27/2011] [Accepted: 11/09/2011] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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Malik AI, Williams A, Lemieux CL, White PA, Yauk CL. Hepatic mRNA, microRNA, and miR-34a-target responses in mice after 28 days exposure to doses of benzo(a)pyrene that elicit DNA damage and mutation. ENVIRONMENTAL AND MOLECULAR MUTAGENESIS 2012; 53:10-21. [PMID: 21964900 PMCID: PMC3525943 DOI: 10.1002/em.20668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2011] [Revised: 06/18/2011] [Accepted: 06/20/2011] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Benzo(a)pyrene (BaP) is a mutagenic carcinogen that is ubiquitous in our environment. To better understand the toxic effects of BaP and to explore the relationship between toxicity and toxicogenomics profiles, we assessed global mRNA and microRNA (miRNA) expression in Muta™Mouse. Adult male mice were exposed by oral gavage to 25, 50, and 75 mg/kg/day BaP for 28 days. Liver tissue was collected 3 days following the last treatment. Initially, we established that exposure to BaP led to the formation of hepatic DNA adducts and mutations in the lacZ transgene of the Muta™Mouse. We then analyzed hepatic gene expression profiles. Microarray analysis of liver samples revealed 134 differentially expressed transcripts (adjusted P < 0.05; fold changes > 1.5). The mRNAs most affected were involved in xenobiotic metabolism, immune response, and the downstream targets of p53. In this study, we found a significant 2.0 and 3.6-fold increase following exposure to 50 and 75 mg/kg/day BaP, respectively, relative to controls for miR-34a. This miRNA is involved in p53 response. No other significant changes in miRNAs were observed. The protein levels of five experimentally confirmed miR-34a targets were examined, and no major down-regulation was present. The results suggest that liver miRNAs are largely unresponsive to BaP doses that cause both DNA adducts and mutations. In summary, the validated miRNA and mRNA expression profiles following 28 day BaP exposure reflect a DNA damage response and effects on the cell cycle, consistent with the observed increases in DNA adducts and mutations.
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Martini F, Fernández C, Tarazona JV, Pablos MV. Gene expression of heat shock protein 70, interleukin-1β and tumor necrosis factor α as tools to identify immunotoxic effects on Xenopus laevis: a dose-response study with benzo[a]pyrene and its degradation products. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2012; 160:28-33. [PMID: 22035922 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2011.09.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2011] [Revised: 09/06/2011] [Accepted: 09/14/2011] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
The exposure to benzo[a]pyrene (B[a]P) results in an alteration of immune function in mammals and fish, and the analysis of cytokine mRNA levels has been suggested for predicting the immunomodulatory potential of chemicals. To obtain evidence of the innate immune responses to B[a]P in Xenopus laevis, the present study monitored the mRNA expression of interleukin 1-β (IL-1β), tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α) and heat shock protein 70 (HSP70) in a laboratorial exposure. Tadpoles exposed to 8.36, 14.64, 89.06 and 309.47 μg/L of B[a]P,were used for detecting hsp70, IL-1β and TNF-α mRNA induction. A dose-response increase in the expression of hsp70 and IL-1β mRNA was found. The results of this study confirmed the use of hsp70 and IL-1β, but not TNF-α, as sensitive indicators of immunotoxic effect of B[a]P in X. laevis. Further research would be required for the validation of these endpoints.
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Affiliation(s)
- Federica Martini
- Laboratory for Ecotoxicology, Department of Environment, Spanish National Institute for Agricultural and Food Research and Technology (INIA), Carretera de la Coruña, Km 7.5, 28040 Madrid, Spain.
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Boehme K, Dietz Y, Hewitt P, Mueller SO. Activation of P53 in HepG2 cells as surrogate to detect mutagens and promutagens in vitro. Toxicol Lett 2010; 198:272-81. [PMID: 20655369 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2010.07.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2010] [Revised: 07/10/2010] [Accepted: 07/14/2010] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
The current genotoxicity tests of the standard in vitro battery, especially those using mammalian cells, are limited by their low specificity and highlight the importance of new in vitro tools. This study aimed to evaluate the suitability of HepG2 cells for assaying mutagens and promutagens. We determined P53 activity as surrogate genotoxicity endpoint in HepG2 cells. Our results revealed a significant P53-induction by actinomycin D, methyl methanesulfonate and etoposide. Prior to the investigation of promutagens we characterized HepG2 cells by analyzing the expression of 45 genes involved in xenobiotic metabolism and measuring the activity of selected Cytochrome-P450 (CYP) enzymes. We determined a limited metabolic capacity prompting us to employ a co-treatment with rat liver S9 as metabolic activation system (MAS) for promutagens. While cyclophosphamide showed an elevation of activated P53 in the presence of S9, 7,12-dimethylbenz[a]anthracene and aflatoxin B(1) responded without the MAS. Inhibition of cellular CYP3A4 or CYP1A/1B suppressed the aflatoxin B(1)- and dimethylbenz[a]anthracene-mediated P53 response, respectively, indicating that HepG2 cells are capable of metabolizing these compounds in a CYP1A/B/3A4-dependent manner. In summary, our results indicate that P53 activation in HepG2 cells combined with a MAS can be used for the identification of new (pro)genotoxicants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathleen Boehme
- Merck KGaA, Merck Serono, Toxicology, 64293 Darmstadt, Germany
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De Buck SS, Schellenberger MT, Ensch C, Muller CP. Effects of antibodies induced by a conjugate vaccine on 4-(methylnitrosamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanone absorptive transport, metabolism, and proliferation of human lung cells. Int J Cancer 2010; 127:513-20. [PMID: 19960439 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.25073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
One of the most abundant and potent lung carcinogen is the nicotine-derived tobacco-specific nitrosamine, 4-(methylnitrosamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanone (NNK). The monoclonal antibody P9D5 induced with a NNK-conjugate vaccine was used to investigate the ability of NNK-specific antibodies to modulate NNK-induced adverse effects as well as its absorptive transport and metabolism in two lung cancer cell lines (Calu-3 and NCI-H82). Transport experiments in Calu-3 cells with a 50-fold molar excess of apical P9D5 increased the recovery of coadministered apical NNK, with a concomitant decrease in NNK transepithelial transport of more than 50% compared to controls. In contrast, basolateral P9D5 did neither influence transepithelial transport of NNK nor its disappearance from the apical compartment. Calu-3 cells were also found to reduce NNK to NNAL and a 65-fold molar excess of NNK-specific antibody inhibited this metabolic conversion by 46 and 54% compared to irrelevant control antibody after 48 and 72 hr, respectively. The biological relevance of NNK redistribution by antibody was demonstrated by reversion of NNK-induced cell proliferation in NCI-H82 cells. Repartitioning of tobacco carcinogens by antibody may reduce their early effective peak concentrations in susceptible target organs and thus relieve overloaded local DNA repair mechanisms and diminish carcinogen-induced cell proliferation. These in vitro data therefore suggest that a prophylactic antibody response may be associated with a reduced risk of cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefan S De Buck
- Institute of Immunology, LNS/CRP-Santé, Luxembourg, Grand Duchy of Luxembourg
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