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Alruhaimi RS, Hassanein EHM, Ahmeda AF, Alnasser SM, Atwa AM, Sabry M, Alzoghaibi MA, Mahmoud AM. Attenuation of inflammation, oxidative stress and TGF-β1/Smad3 signaling and upregulation of Nrf2/HO-1 signaling mediate the protective effect of diallyl disulfide against cadmium nephrotoxicity. Tissue Cell 2024; 91:102576. [PMID: 39353227 DOI: 10.1016/j.tice.2024.102576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2024] [Revised: 09/25/2024] [Accepted: 09/25/2024] [Indexed: 10/04/2024]
Abstract
Heavy metals are toxic environmental pollutants with serious health effects on humans and animals. Cadmium (Cd) is known for its serious nephrotoxic effect and its toxicity involves oxidative stress (OS) and inflammation. Diallyl disulfide (DADS), a main constituent of garlic, exhibites cytoprotective and antioxidant activities. This study investigated the effect of DADS on OS, inflammation, and fibrosis induced by Cd in rat kidney, pointing to the involvement of transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β)/Smad3 and nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2)/heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) signaling, and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARγ). Rats received DADS for 14 days and Cd on day 7 and blood and kidney samples were collected. Cd elevated serum creatinine, urea and uric acid, provoked kidney histopathological alterations and collagen deposition, increased kidney malondialdehyde (MDA) level, and decreased glutathione (GSH) and antioxidant enzymes. Nuclear factor-kappaB (NF-κB) p65, interleukin (IL)-6, tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, IL-1β, and CD68 were upregulated in Cd-administered rat kidney. DADS prevented kidney injury, mitigated OS, suppressed NF-κB, CD68 and pro-inflammatory mediators, and boosted antioxidants. DADS downregulated TGF-β1, Smad3 phosphorylation and Kelch-like ECH-associated protein-1 (Keap1), and increased Nrf2, HO-1, cytoglobin, and PPARγ. In conclusion, DADS protects the kidney against Cd toxicity by attenuating OS, inflammation, and TGF-β1/Smad3 signaling, and enhancement of Nrf2/HO-1 signaling, antioxidants, and PPARγ.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reem S Alruhaimi
- Department of Biology, College of Science, Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, Riyadh 11671, Saudi Arabia
| | - Emad H M Hassanein
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Azhar University-Assiut Branch, Assiut 71524, Egypt
| | - Ahmad F Ahmeda
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Ajman University, Ajman 346, United Arab Emirates; Center of Medical and Bio-allied Health Sciences Research, Ajman University, Ajman 346, United Arab Emirates
| | - Sulaiman M Alnasser
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, Qassim University, Qassim 51452, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ahmed M Atwa
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Egyptian Russian University, Cairo 11829, Egypt
| | - Mostafa Sabry
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Azhar University, Assiut 71524, Egypt
| | - Mohammed A Alzoghaibi
- Physiology Department, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh 11461, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ayman M Mahmoud
- Department of Life Sciences, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Manchester Metropolitan University, Manchester M1 5GD, UK; Molecular Physiology Division, Zoology Department, Faculty of Science, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef 62514, Egypt.
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Ciapała K, Mika J. Advances in Neuropathic Pain Research: Selected Intracellular Factors as Potential Targets for Multidirectional Analgesics. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2023; 16:1624. [PMID: 38004489 PMCID: PMC10675751 DOI: 10.3390/ph16111624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2023] [Revised: 11/13/2023] [Accepted: 11/15/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Neuropathic pain is a complex and debilitating condition that affects millions of people worldwide. Unlike acute pain, which is short-term and starts suddenly in response to an injury, neuropathic pain arises from somatosensory nervous system damage or disease, is usually chronic, and makes every day functioning difficult, substantially reducing quality of life. The main reason for the lack of effective pharmacotherapies for neuropathic pain is its diverse etiology and the complex, still poorly understood, pathophysiological mechanism of its progression. Numerous experimental studies, including ours, conducted over the last several decades have shown that the development of neuropathic pain is based on disturbances in cell activity, imbalances in the production of pronociceptive factors, and changes in signaling pathways such as p38MAPK, ERK, JNK, NF-κB, PI3K, and NRF2, which could become important targets for pharmacotherapy in the future. Despite the availability of many different analgesics, relieving neuropathic pain is still extremely difficult and requires a multidirectional, individual approach. We would like to point out that an increasing amount of data indicates that nonselective compounds directed at more than one molecular target exert promising analgesic effects. In our review, we characterize four substances (minocycline, astaxanthin, fisetin, and peimine) with analgesic properties that result from a wide spectrum of actions, including the modulation of MAPKs and other factors. We would like to draw attention to these selected substances since, in preclinical studies, they show suitable analgesic properties in models of neuropathy of various etiologies, and, importantly, some are already used as dietary supplements; for example, astaxanthin and fisetin protect against oxidative stress and have anti-inflammatory properties. It is worth emphasizing that the results of behavioral tests also indicate their usefulness when combined with opioids, the effectiveness of which decreases when neuropathy develops. Moreover, these substances appear to have additional, beneficial properties for the treatment of diseases that frequently co-occur with neuropathic pain. Therefore, these substances provide hope for the development of modern pharmacological tools to not only treat symptoms but also restore the proper functioning of the human body.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Joanna Mika
- Department of Pain Pharmacology, Maj Institute of Pharmacology, Polish Academy of Sciences, 12 Smetna Str., 31-343 Kraków, Poland;
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Huang YJ, Tsai MS, Panyod S, Liu PY, Lu KH, Weng CY, Huang HS, Hsu CC, Sheen LY. Garlic essential oil ameliorates depression-like behaviors in unpredictable chronic mild stress by modulating the brain NLRP3 inflammasome pathway and influencing the gut barrier and microbiota. Food Funct 2023; 14:6998-7010. [PMID: 37435927 DOI: 10.1039/d3fo00270e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/13/2023]
Abstract
Depression is a severe mental disorder, with approximately 300 million people suffering from it. Recent studies have demonstrated that chronic neuroinflammation is significantly associated with intestinal flora and barrier function in depression. As a therapeutic herb, garlic (Allium sativum L.) has detoxification, antibacterial activity, and antiinflammatory functions; however, its antidepressant effect through gut microbiota and barrier function has not been reported yet. The present study investigated the effect of garlic essential oil (GEO) and its active constituent diallyl disulfide (DADS) on depressive behavior by attenuating the NLRP3 inflammasome, alternating intestinal barrier function and gut microbiota in an unpredictable chronic mild stress (US) model in rats. This study found that dopamine and serotonin turnover rates were reduced significantly with a low dose of GEO (25 mg per kg bw). The GEO groups effectively reversed sucrose preference and increased the total distance traveled in the behavioral test. Moreover, 25 mg per kg bw GEO inhibited the UCMS-induced activated inflammatory response, reflected by reduced expression in the frontal cortex of NLRP3, ASC, caspase-1, and its downstream IL-1β proteins, as well as the concentration of IL-1β and TNF-α in the serum. Supplementation with GEO increased the expression of occludin and ZO-1 and the concentration of short-chain fatty acids to influence the impact of intestinal permeability in depressive conditions. The results revealed that GEO administration caused significant changes in the α and β diversity and abundance of certain bacteria. At the genus level, GEO administration significantly increased the relative abundance, particularly beneficial SCFA-producing bacteria, and may improve depression-like behavior. In conclusion, these results indicated the antidepressant effects of GEO involved in the inflammatory pathway, short-chain fatty acids, intestinal integrity, and intestinal composition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun-Ju Huang
- Department of Biotechnology and Food Technology, Southern Taiwan University of Science and Technology, Tainan 710301, Taiwan
| | - Min-Shiuan Tsai
- Institute of Food Science and Technology, College of Bioresources and Agriculture, National Taiwan University, Taipei 106319, Taiwan.
| | - Suraphan Panyod
- Institute of Food Science and Technology, College of Bioresources and Agriculture, National Taiwan University, Taipei 106319, Taiwan.
| | - Po-Yu Liu
- School of Medicine, College of Medcine, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung 804201, Taiwan
| | - Kuan-Hung Lu
- Institute of Food Safety and Health, National Taiwan University, Taipei 100025, Taiwan
- Institute of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, National Taiwan University, Taipei 100025, Taiwan
| | - Cheng-Yu Weng
- Department of Chemistry, National Taiwan University, Taipei 106216, Taiwan
| | - Huai-Syuan Huang
- Institute of Food Science and Technology, College of Bioresources and Agriculture, National Taiwan University, Taipei 106319, Taiwan.
| | - Cheng-Chih Hsu
- Department of Chemistry, National Taiwan University, Taipei 106216, Taiwan
| | - Lee-Yan Sheen
- Institute of Food Science and Technology, College of Bioresources and Agriculture, National Taiwan University, Taipei 106319, Taiwan.
- Center for Food and Biomolecules, National Taiwan University, Taipei 106216, Taiwan
- National Center for Food Safety Education and Research, National Taiwan University, Taipei 106216, Taiwan
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Machado ART, Tuttis K, Santos PWDS, Aissa AF, Antunes LMG. Diallyl Disulfide Induces Chemosensitization to Sorafenib, Autophagy, and Cell Cycle Arrest and Inhibits Invasion in Hepatocellular Carcinoma. Pharmaceutics 2022; 14:pharmaceutics14122582. [PMID: 36559076 PMCID: PMC9788602 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics14122582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2022] [Revised: 11/09/2022] [Accepted: 11/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma is the seventh most common type of cancer in the world, with limited treatment options. A promising strategy to treat cancer is to associate chemotherapeutics and plant bioactive compounds. Here, we examined whether diallyl disulfide (DADS; 50-200 μM) and sorafenib (SORA; 8 μM), either alone or in combination, were toxic to hepatocellular carcinoma cells (HepG2) in vitro. We assessed whether DADS and/or SORA induced cell death (LIVE/DEAD assay and autophagy) and cell cycle changes (flow cytometry), altered expression of key genes and proteins (RT-qPCR and Western blot), and modulated tumorigenesis signatures, such as proliferation (clonogenic assay), migration (wound healing), and invasion (inserts). The DADS + SORA combination elicited autophagic cell death by upregulating LC3 and NRF2 expression and downregulating FOS and TNF expression; induced the accumulation of cells in the G1 phase which thereby upregulated the CHEK2 expression; and inhibited invasion by downregulating the MMP2 expression. Predictive analysis indicated the participation of the MAPK pathway in the reported results. The DADS + SORA combination suppressed both cell invasion and clonogenic survival, which indicated that it dampened tumor growth, proliferation, invasion, and metastatic potential. Therefore, the DADS + SORA combination is a promising therapy to develop new clinical protocols.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Rita Thomazela Machado
- Department of Clinical Analyses, Toxicology and Food Science, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto 14040-904, SP, Brazil
| | - Katiuska Tuttis
- Department of Genetics, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto 14040-904, SP, Brazil
| | - Patrick Wellington da Silva Santos
- Department of Clinical Analyses, Toxicology and Food Science, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto 14040-904, SP, Brazil
| | - Alexandre Ferro Aissa
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Federal University of Alfenas, Alfenas 37130-001, MG, Brazil
| | - Lusânia Maria Greggi Antunes
- Department of Clinical Analyses, Toxicology and Food Science, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto 14040-904, SP, Brazil
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +55-16-3315-4725
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Diallyl Disulfide Attenuates STAT3 and NF-κB Pathway Through PPAR-γ Activation in Cerulein-Induced Acute Pancreatitis and Associated Lung Injury in Mice. Inflammation 2022; 45:45-58. [DOI: 10.1007/s10753-021-01527-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2020] [Revised: 06/24/2021] [Accepted: 07/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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Khalaf MM, Hassanein EHM, Shalkami AGS, Hemeida RAM, Mohamed WR. Diallyl Disulfide Attenuates Methotrexate-Induced Hepatic Oxidative Injury, Inflammation and Apoptosis and Enhances its Anti-Tumor Activity. Curr Mol Pharmacol 2022; 15:213-226. [PMID: 34042041 DOI: 10.2174/1874467214666210525153111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2020] [Revised: 01/03/2021] [Accepted: 02/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Methotrexate (MTX) is used potently for a wide range of diseases. However, hepatic intoxication by MTX hinders its clinical use. OBJECTIVES The present study was conducted to investigate the diallyl disulfide (DADS) ability to ameliorate MTX-induced hepatotoxicity. METHODS Thirty-two rats were randomly divided into four groups: normal control, DADS (50 mg/kg/day, orally), MTX (single i.p. injection of 20 mg/kg) and DADS+MTX. Liver function biomarkers, histopathological examinations, oxidative stress, inflammation, and apoptosis biomarkers were investigated. Besides, an in vitro cytotoxic activity study was conducted to explore the modulatory effects of DADS on MTX cytotoxic activity using Caco-2, MCF-7, and HepG2 cells. RESULTS DADS significantly reduced the increased serum activities of ALT, AST, ALP, and LDH. These results were confirmed by the alleviation of liver histopathological changes. It restored the decreased GSH content and SOD activity, while significantly decreased MTX-induced elevations in both MDA and NO2 - contents. The hepatoprotective effects were mechanistically mediated through the up-regulation of hepatic Nrf-2 and the down-regulation of Keap-1, P38MAPK, and NF- κB expression levels. In addition, an increase in Bcl-2 level with a decrease in the expression of both Bax and caspase-3 was observed. The in vitro study showed that DADS increased MTX antitumor efficacy. CONCLUSION DADS potently alleviated MTX-induced hepatotoxicity through the modulation of Keap-1/Nrf-2, P38MAPK/NF-κB and apoptosis signaling pathways and effectively enhanced the MTX cytotoxic effects, which could be promising for further clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marwa M Khalaf
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef,Egypt
| | - Emad H M Hassanein
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Azhar University, Assiut Branch, Assiut,Egypt
| | - Abdel-Gawad S Shalkami
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Azhar University, Assiut Branch, Assiut,Egypt
| | - Ramadan A M Hemeida
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Azhar University, Assiut Branch, Assiut,Egypt
| | - Wafaa R Mohamed
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef,Egypt
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Effect of Garlic Organic Sulfides on Gene Expression Profiling in HepG2 Cells and Its Biological Function Analysis by Ingenuity Pathway Analysis System and Bio-Plex-Based Assays. Mediators Inflamm 2021; 2021:7681252. [PMID: 34887701 PMCID: PMC8651428 DOI: 10.1155/2021/7681252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2021] [Revised: 10/23/2021] [Accepted: 10/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Garlic organic sulfides are dietary bioactive components with multiple biofunctions to prevent chronic diseases/inflammation and promote human health. DADS (diallyl disulfide), DATS (diallyl trisulfide), and DTS (diallyl tetrasulfide) are typical organic sulfides with similar structures from garlic. However, the structure-activity relationship of garlic organic sulfides remained unknown. The aim of the present study was to investigate the effect of DADS, DATS, and DTS on the gene expression profiling of human hepatocellular carcinoma cells (HepG2) by application of microarray and specialized analysis software, GO, Bio-Plex-based cytokines assay and IPA and analyze their structure-activity relationship according to antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and metabolic-related properties. According to the microarray data, with the increase of S atom in garlic organic sulfides, its biological activity was gradually enhanced. In the general catalog of GO, garlic organic sulfides mainly affect biological process, molecular function, and cellular component. RT-qPCR results indicated that the microarray data is trustworthy, and the structure-activity analysis data found that more sulfur atoms have more powerful properties; thus, microarray data of DTS was preceded to the subsequent IPA analysis. The results of IPA analysis showed that the top 5 signaling pathways and molecular functions were disturbed by DTS; the molecular functions with the highest scores affected by DTS are cancer, cell apoptosis, and cell proliferation, which imply that the occurrence or metabolism of these diseases is related to the differential expression of the above-mentioned related genes and the activation of signaling channels, and the core of the most significant molecular network is inflammation. Finally, the results found that the secretions of 6 cytokines in macrophages were significantly inhibited by DTS treatment. This is the first study that analyzed the structure-activity relationship of garlic organic sulfides, which will provide useful genetic information for its multi-biofunction and promote their clinical application in the near future.
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Biological Functions of Diallyl Disulfide, a Garlic-Derived Natural Organic Sulfur Compound. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2021; 2021:5103626. [PMID: 34745287 PMCID: PMC8570849 DOI: 10.1155/2021/5103626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2021] [Revised: 08/15/2021] [Accepted: 10/06/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Garlic is widely accepted as a functional food and an excellent source of pharmacologically active ingredients. Diallyl disulfide (DADS), a major bioactive component of garlic, has several beneficial biological functions, including anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, antimicrobial, cardiovascular protective, neuroprotective, and anticancer activities. This review systematically evaluated the biological functions of DADS and discussed the underlying molecular mechanisms of these functions. We hope that this review provides guidance and insight into the current literature and enables future research and the development of DADS for intervention and treatment of multiple diseases.
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Jakhmola S, Jha HC. Glial cell response to Epstein-Barr Virus infection: A plausible contribution to virus-associated inflammatory reactions in the brain. Virology 2021; 559:182-195. [PMID: 33964684 DOI: 10.1016/j.virol.2021.04.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2021] [Revised: 04/09/2021] [Accepted: 04/16/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Epstein-Barr Virus (EBV) is clinically related to various neurological ailments. The manipulation of neural homeostasis through altered glial cells functions is enigmatic. We investigated EBV mediated nuances in glial cells through direct infection (group-1) or by supplementing them with EBV-infected lymphocytes (PBMCs) supernatant (group-3). Also, the cells were co-cultured with infected PBMCs (group-2). Upon confirmation of infection in U-87 MG through qRT-PCR, the gene expression of crucial molecules was analysed. We reported enhanced expression of IL6 in group-1 and 3 unlike group-2. PBMCs migrated and invaded the matrigel significantly when exposed to group-1 and 3 conditions. Thus, EBV may aid neuroinflammatory reactions through PBMCs infiltration. Also, the exposure of neurons to conditioned supernatant from group-2 caused reduced neuronal healing. Additionally, group-1 milieu contained chemical modulators that induced glial cells death and reduced NF-κB. Conclusively, the three modes of EBV infection can influence glial cells' functions to maneuver the microenvironment distinctly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shweta Jakhmola
- Infection Bio-engineering Group, Discipline of Biosciences and Biomedical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Indore, India
| | - Hem Chandra Jha
- Infection Bio-engineering Group, Discipline of Biosciences and Biomedical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Indore, India.
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Hassanein EHM, Mohamed WR, Khalaf MM, Shalkami AGS, Sayed AM, Hemeida RAM. Diallyl disulfide ameliorates methotrexate-induced nephropathy in rats: Molecular studies and network pharmacology analysis. J Food Biochem 2021; 45:e13765. [PMID: 33997994 DOI: 10.1111/jfbc.13765] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2021] [Revised: 04/19/2021] [Accepted: 04/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Methotrexate (MTX) is a promising chemotherapeutic agent. Its medical use is limited by induced nephropathy. Our study was designed to explore the reno-protective effect of diallyl disulfide (DADS), an organosulfur compound of garlic oil, on MTX-induced nephropathy. Adult rats were randomly divided into 4 groups; normal control, DADS (50 mg kg-1 day-1 , p.o.), MTX (20 mg/kg, i.p.) and DADS+MTX. DADS significantly decreased serum creatinine, urea, uric acid, and albumin levels with an improvement of final body weight. Additionally, DADS markedly attenuated MTX-induced elevations in renal MDA and NO 2 - contents with an increase in GSH content and SOD activity. Mechanistically, DADS effectively down-regulated mRNA expression level of renal p38 and NF-κB. Additionally, DADS positively regulated the NRF2 gene with a remarkable inhibition of Keap-1 gene. Furthermore, DADS up-regulated BCL2 protein and remarkably suppressed the expression of both BAX and caspase-3 proteins. Overall, DADS has favorable renal protection against MTX-induced nephropathy via modulation of Keap-1/NRF2, p38/NF-κB, and BCL2/BAX/caspase-3 signaling. PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS: Diallyl disulfide is one of the organosulfur compounds of garlic oil. Our study demonstrated that DADS substantially alleviated the decline of kidney function and renal injury induced by MTX. The antioxidative, anti-inflammatory, and anti-apoptotic properties may constitute an important part of its therapeutic applications via regulation of p38/NF-κB, Keap-1/NRF2, and BCL2/BAX/caspase-3 signaling pathways. Therefore, DADS could be a potential therapeutic adjunct in cancer chemotherapy to decrease the associated side effects of MTX. It should be further explored clinically as a protective agent for MTX-treated cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emad H M Hassanein
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, Al-Azhar University, Assiut, Egypt
| | - Wafaa R Mohamed
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef, Egypt
| | - Marwa M Khalaf
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef, Egypt
| | - Abdel-Gawad S Shalkami
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, Al-Azhar University, Assiut, Egypt
| | - Ahmed M Sayed
- Biochemistry Laboratory, Faculty of Science, Chemistry Department, Assiut University, Assiut, Egypt
| | - Ramadan A M Hemeida
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, Al-Azhar University, Assiut, Egypt.,Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Deraya University, Menia, Egypt
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Yuan R, Zhang D, Yang J, Wu Z, Luo C, Han L, Yang F, Lin J, Yang M. Review of aromatherapy essential oils and their mechanism of action against migraines. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2021; 265:113326. [PMID: 32877718 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2020.113326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2020] [Revised: 07/23/2020] [Accepted: 08/25/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Migraines have become a major threat to human health, as they significantly affect human health and quality of life due to a high prevalence rate, attack rate and pain intensity. Aromatherapy, with its comfortable and pleasant natural characteristics and rapid and efficient characteristics, is widely favored by patients in the folk. Chinese folk also have the application history and related records of aromatic plants in the treatment of migraine. AIM OF THE STUDY This study was conducted to review the pathogenesis of migraine, the application of plant essential oils in the treatment of migraine, and further explore the material basis and mechanism of action of plant essential oils against migraine. MATERIALS AND METHODS Search the electronic literature of essential oils with anti-migraine effect in Google Scholar, PubMed and China National Knowledge Infrastructure, and further search the research situation of the monomer components of essential oils in migraine, inflammation, pain and other aspects. RESULTS studies show that there are 10 types of plant essential oils that could relieve migraine symptoms, and that 16 monomers may play a role in migraine treatment by effectively inhibiting neurogenic inflammation, hyperalgesia and balancing vasorelaxation. CONCLUSION Aromatic plant essential oils can relieve migraine effectively, these findings can be used as an important part of the development of anti-migraine drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruifang Yuan
- Pharmacy School, State Key Laboratory of Characteristic Chinese Medicine Resources in Southwest China, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, PR China
| | - Dingkun Zhang
- Pharmacy School, State Key Laboratory of Characteristic Chinese Medicine Resources in Southwest China, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, PR China
| | - Jinhui Yang
- Sichuan Baicao Jinggong Biotechnology Co., Ltd., Chengdu, 610000, PR China
| | - Zhenfeng Wu
- Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanchang, 330004, PR China
| | - Chuanhong Luo
- Pharmacy School, State Key Laboratory of Characteristic Chinese Medicine Resources in Southwest China, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, PR China
| | - Li Han
- Pharmacy School, State Key Laboratory of Characteristic Chinese Medicine Resources in Southwest China, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, PR China
| | - Fangli Yang
- Sinopharm Sichuan Orthopedic Tehnology & Equipment Co., Ltd., Chengdu, 610000, PR China
| | - Junzhi Lin
- Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 610072, PR China; School of Clinical Medicine, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 610072, PR China.
| | - Ming Yang
- Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanchang, 330004, PR China.
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12
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Characterization of the Volatile Components of Essential Oils of Selected Plants in Kenya. Biochem Res Int 2021; 2020:8861798. [PMID: 33489377 PMCID: PMC7803138 DOI: 10.1155/2020/8861798] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2020] [Revised: 11/24/2020] [Accepted: 12/08/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Essential oils are secondary metabolites that plants produce for protection from pests and predators, attraction of pollinators, and seed dispersal. The oils are made up of a mixture of compounds that give a characteristic flavour and odour. Currently, essential oils are receiving great attention in research for their phytochemical and antimicrobial activities. However, there is scanty information on the chemical composition of many plants. This study provides a detailed analysis of the chemical composition of essential oils of ginger, garlic, tick berry, and Mexican marigold in Kenya. The essential oils were extracted by steam distillation and analysed by gas chromatography–mass spectrometry. The study identified a total of 52 different chemical classes from the essential oils of the four different plants that were analysed. Their percentage composition was also found to vary between the test plants. The essential oils of Mexican marigold constituted the highest composition of the identified chemical classes at 71.2%, followed by ginger at 55.8%, while both tick berry and garlic oils constituted 53.8% of the total classes identified. Terpenes constituted the highest composition in the essential oils of all the four test plants. Other major chemical classes included esters, ketones, organosulfurs, alkanes, cycloalkanes, steroids, aromatic hydrocarbons, and alkanols. Some of these chemical compounds have been shown to have a huge utility potential in biopesticides, pharmaceutical, and food industries, and hence, their industrial extraction and purification from the essential oils of these plants are recommended.
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He H, Ma Y, Huang H, Huang C, Chen Z, Chen D, Gu Y, Wang X, Chen J. A comprehensive understanding about the pharmacological effect of diallyl disulfide other than its anti-carcinogenic activities. Eur J Pharmacol 2020; 893:173803. [PMID: 33359648 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2020.173803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2020] [Revised: 12/01/2020] [Accepted: 12/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Diallyl disulfide (DADS), an oil-soluble sulfur compound that is responsible for the biological effects of garlic, displays numerous biological activities, among which its anti-cancer activities are the most famous ones. In recent years, the pharmacological effects of DADS other than its anti-carcinogenic activities have attracted numerous attentions. For example, it has been reported that DADS can prevent the microglia-mediated neuroinflammatory response and depression-like behaviors in mice. In the cardiovascular system, DADS administration was found to ameliorate the isoproterenol- or streptozotocin-induced cardiac dysfunction via the activation of the nuclear factor E2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) and insulin-like growth factor (IGF)-phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase (PI3K)-protein kinase B (Akt) signaling. DADS administration can also produce neuroprotective effects in animal models of Alzheimer's disease and protect the heart, endothelium, liver, lung, and kidney against cellular or tissue damages induced by various toxic factors, such as the oxidized-low density lipoprotein (ox-LDL), carbon tetrachloride (CCl4), ethanol, acetaminophen, Cis-Diammine Dichloroplatinum (CisPt), and gentamicin. The major mechanisms of action of DADS in disease prevention and/or treatment include inhibition of inflammation, oxidative stress, and cellular apoptosis. Mechanisms, including the activation of Akt, extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2 (ERK1/2), protein kinase A (PKA), and cyclic adenosine monophosphate-response element binding protein (CREB) and the inhibition of histone deacetylases (HDACs), can also mediate the cellular protective effects of DADS in different tissues and organs. In this review, we summarize and discuss the pharmacological effects of DADS other than its anti-carcinogenic activities, aiming to reveal more possibilities for DADS in disease prevention and/or treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haiyan He
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong First People's Hospital, 6 North Road Hai'er Xiang, Nantong, 226001, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yaoying Ma
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Nantong University, 19# Qixiu Road, Nantong, 226001, Jiangsu, China
| | - Huaxing Huang
- Department of Nephrology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong First People's Hospital, 6 North Road Hai'er Xiang, Nantong, 226001, Jiangsu, China
| | - Chao Huang
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Nantong University, 19# Qixiu Road, Nantong, 226001, Jiangsu, China
| | - Zhuo Chen
- Invasive Technology Department, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong First People's Hospital, 6 North Road Hai'er Xiang, Nantong, 226001, Jiangsu, China
| | - Dongjian Chen
- Invasive Technology Department, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong First People's Hospital, 6 North Road Hai'er Xiang, Nantong, 226001, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yiming Gu
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Nantong University, 19# Qixiu Road, Nantong, 226001, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xiaohua Wang
- Department of Endocrinology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, 6 North Road Hai'er Xiang, Nantong, 226001, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jinliang Chen
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong First People's Hospital, 6 North Road Hai'er Xiang, Nantong, 226001, Jiangsu, China.
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Chang WCW, Chen YT, Chen HJ, Hsieh CW, Liao PC. Comparative UHPLC-Q-Orbitrap HRMS-Based Metabolomics Unveils Biochemical Changes of Black Garlic during Aging Process. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2020; 68:14049-14058. [PMID: 33166446 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.0c04451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Aged black garlic (BG) is a functional food in global markets; however, very few studies have ventured into comprehensive profiling of BG metabolomes during the aging process. Herein, we exploited UHPLC-Orbitrap HRMS for a comparative metabolomics analysis. During the heat treatment, organosulfur compounds such as allicin, diallyl disulfide, ajoene, S-allyl-l-cysteine (SAC), and γ-glutamyl-SAC were downregulated. Plenty of glycerophospholipids together with shikimate, aromatic amino acids, and vitamin B6 vitamers were significantly augmented; tryptophan was however consumed to generate downstream products manifested in nicotinate metabolism and aminobenzoate degradation. These secondary metabolites serve as signaling mediators or protectants against extreme thermal exposure. Besides, Heyns compounds and Amadori-rearrangement byproducts with potential mutagenic effects were concentrated. Together, our findings expand the known metabolome space of BG processing and better elucidate the reactivities of the key metabolites. We provide in-depth insights into the biochemical changes of BG that enable further functional or toxicological investigations of this popular food.
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Affiliation(s)
- William Chih-Wei Chang
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 704, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Ting Chen
- Department of Food Safety/Hygiene and Risk Management, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 701, Taiwan
| | - Hong-Jhang Chen
- Institute of Food Science and Technology, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
| | - Chang-Wei Hsieh
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung 402, Taiwan
| | - Pao-Chi Liao
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 704, Taiwan
- Department of Food Safety/Hygiene and Risk Management, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 701, Taiwan
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Diallyl Disulfide Suppresses Inflammatory and Oxidative Machineries following Carrageenan Injection-Induced Paw Edema in Mice. Mediators Inflamm 2020; 2020:8508906. [PMID: 32377166 PMCID: PMC7180418 DOI: 10.1155/2020/8508906] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2020] [Revised: 02/22/2020] [Accepted: 03/17/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Diallyl disulfide (DADS) is the major organosulfur constituent in garlic, with a variety of pharmacological activities including antioxidant and anti-inflammatory. Here, we examined the potential antiedematous impact of DADS- versus carrageenan-mediated paw edema in mice. Carrageenan injection potentiated an inflammatory reaction as presented by the elevated serological C-reactive protein (CRP) levels and transcription of tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α, Tnfα), interleukin-1 beta (IL-1β, Il1b), interleukin-2 (IL-2, Il2), inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), nitric oxide (NO), cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2, Ptgs2), prostaglandin E2 (PGE2), monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1, Ccl1), nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB), and myeloperoxidase (MPO) activity, while interleukin-10 (IL-10) was declined in the injured paw tissue. Additionally, carrageenan elevated lipid peroxidation in terms of malondialdehyde (MDA) and decreased glutathione content (GSH). Remarkably, DADS was found to inhibit the inflammatory signaling, suppressed the developed oxidative damage, and protected the histopathological alterations in the inflamed paw tissue in response to carrageenan injection. Our findings suggest that DADS could be used as an alternative therapy used to alleviate the pathophysiological changes associated with the genesis of paw edema through its potent anti-inflammatory and antioxidant impacts.
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Identification of a pro-elongation effect of diallyl disulfide, a major organosulfur compound in garlic oil, on microglial process. J Nutr Biochem 2020; 78:108323. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2019.108323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2019] [Revised: 10/30/2019] [Accepted: 12/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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Microglia Mediated Neuroinflammation: Focus on PI3K Modulation. Biomolecules 2020; 10:biom10010137. [PMID: 31947676 PMCID: PMC7022557 DOI: 10.3390/biom10010137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2019] [Revised: 01/09/2020] [Accepted: 01/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Immune activation in the central nervous system involves mostly microglia in response to pathogen invasion or tissue damage, which react, promoting a self-limiting inflammatory response aimed to restore homeostasis. However, prolonged, uncontrolled inflammation may result in the production by microglia of neurotoxic factors that lead to the amplification of the disease state and tissue damage. In particular, specific inducers of inflammation associated with neurodegenerative diseases activate inflammatory processes that result in the production of a number of mediators and cytokines that enhance neurodegenerative processes. Phosphoinositide 3-kinases (PI3Ks) constitute a family of enzymes regulating a wide range of activity, including signal transduction. Recent studies have focused attention on the intracellular role of PI3K and its contribution to neurodegenerative processes. This review illustrates and discusses recent findings about the role of this signaling pathway in the modulation of microglia neuroinflammatory responses linked to neurodegeneration. Finally, we discuss the modulation of PI3K as a potential therapeutic approach helpful for developing innovative therapeutic strategies in neurodegenerative diseases.
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Lin X, Xu B, Zhang Z, Yang Y, Liu G, Zhu F, Ren X, Liu J, Li S, Huang X, Yang X. Proteomic analysis reveals the potential neuroprotective effects of tetramethylpyrazine dimer in neuro2a/APPswe cells. RSC Adv 2019; 9:18776-18784. [PMID: 35516848 PMCID: PMC9064821 DOI: 10.1039/c9ra03054a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2019] [Accepted: 05/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a common neurodegenerative disease characterized by pathological processes, including abnormal amyloid deposits and filament tangles, oxidative stress, neuroinflammation, and neurotrophic insufficiency, leading to chronic and prolonged neuronal loss and cognitive deficits. Tetramethylpyrazine (TMP) is one of the main active components of Ligusticum wallichii, a traditional Chinese medicine widely used for brain related disease. Here, we synthesized the TMP derivative tetramethylpyrazine dimer (DTMP), and evaluated the potential mechanisms underlying its potential neuroprotective effects using the murine neuron-like cells (N2a) transfected with the human "Swedish" mutant amyloid precursor protein (N2aAPP). ELISA results indicated that DTMP reduced the levels of Aβ1-40 and Aβ1-42 in N2aAPP. Then through proteomic analysis we identified a total of 208 differentially expressed proteins in N2aAPP cells compared to the wild-type N2a cells (N2aWT), including 144 increased and 64 decreased proteins. 449 differentially expressed proteins were revealed in N2aAPP cells on DTMP treatment with 69 increased and 380 decreased proteins. Bioinformatic analysis suggested that these proteins are enriched in mitochondrial function, the electronic transmission chain, ATP binding, oxidative phosphorylation, GTPase function, the transcriptional translation process, amino acid metabolism, nucleotide binding and others. Given the vital role of mitochondria in the pathogenesis of AD, we selected the electron transport chain pathway-related molecules to further validate these findings. Western-blot analysis demonstrated that DTMP significantly increased the levels of complex I (NDUAA), complex II (SDHB), complex III (UCRI), complex IV (COX5A) and complex V (ATP5A) in N2aAPP cells. The modulation of dysregulated proteins implicated in AD pathogenesis implies the pharmacological mechanisms of DTMP and its potential as a novel therapeutic choice in AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyi Lin
- College of Pharmaceutical Engineering and Life Sciences, Changzhou University No. 21, Gehu Middle Road, Wujin District Changzhou China 213000 +86 13914325607 +86 13914325607
- Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology of Shenzhen, Shenzhen Center for Disease Control and Prevention No. 8, Longyuan Road, Nanshan District Shenzhen China 518055 +86 75525508584 +86 75525601914
| | - Benhong Xu
- Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology of Shenzhen, Shenzhen Center for Disease Control and Prevention No. 8, Longyuan Road, Nanshan District Shenzhen China 518055 +86 75525508584 +86 75525601914
| | - Zaijun Zhang
- Institute of New Drug Research and Guangzhou, Key Laboratory of Innovative Chemical Drug Research in Cardio-Cerebrovascular Diseases, Jinan University College of Pharmacy Guangzhou 510632 China
| | - Ying Yang
- Department of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medicine and the Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education of China for Neurological Disorders, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology Wuhan 430030 China
| | - Gongping Liu
- Department of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medicine and the Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education of China for Neurological Disorders, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology Wuhan 430030 China
| | - Feiqi Zhu
- Cognitive Impairment Ward of Neurology Department, The 3rd Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University China
| | - Xiaohu Ren
- Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology of Shenzhen, Shenzhen Center for Disease Control and Prevention No. 8, Longyuan Road, Nanshan District Shenzhen China 518055 +86 75525508584 +86 75525601914
| | - Jianjun Liu
- Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology of Shenzhen, Shenzhen Center for Disease Control and Prevention No. 8, Longyuan Road, Nanshan District Shenzhen China 518055 +86 75525508584 +86 75525601914
| | - Shupeng Li
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenomic, School of Chemical Biology and Biotechnology, Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School Shenzhen 518055 China +86 75526032325 +86 75526032325
| | - Xianfeng Huang
- College of Pharmaceutical Engineering and Life Sciences, Changzhou University No. 21, Gehu Middle Road, Wujin District Changzhou China 213000 +86 13914325607 +86 13914325607
- Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology of Shenzhen, Shenzhen Center for Disease Control and Prevention No. 8, Longyuan Road, Nanshan District Shenzhen China 518055 +86 75525508584 +86 75525601914
| | - Xifei Yang
- Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology of Shenzhen, Shenzhen Center for Disease Control and Prevention No. 8, Longyuan Road, Nanshan District Shenzhen China 518055 +86 75525508584 +86 75525601914
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Yang J, Tang R, Yi J, Chen Y, Li X, Yu T, Fei J. Diallyl disulfide alleviates inflammatory osteolysis by suppressing osteoclastogenesis via NF-κB-NFATc1 signal pathway. FASEB J 2019; 33:7261-7273. [PMID: 30857415 PMCID: PMC6554198 DOI: 10.1096/fj.201802172r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Skeletal homeostasis is closely effectuated by the regulation of bone formation and bone resorption. Osteoclasts are multinuclear giant cells responsible for bone resorption. Overactivated osteoclasts and excessive bone resorption result in various lytic bone diseases, such as osteoporosis, osteoarthritis, periprosthetic infection, and inflammatory aseptic loosening of orthopedic implants. In consideration of the severe side effects caused by the currently available drugs, exploitation of novel drugs has gradually attracted attention. Because of its anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and antitumor capacities, diallyl disulfide (DADS), a major oil-soluble organosulfur ingredient compound derived from garlic, has been widely researched. However, the effects of DADS on osteoclasts and lytic bone diseases are still unknown. In this study, we investigated the effects of DADS on receptor activator of NF-κB ligand (RANKL)- and LPS-mediated osteoclastogenesis, LPS-stimulated proinflammatory cytokines related to osteoclasts, and LPS-induced inflammatory osteolysis. The results showed that DADS significantly inhibited RANKL-mediated osteoclast formation, fusion, and bone resorption in a dose-dependent manner via inhibiting the NF-κB and signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 signaling and restraining the interaction of NF-κB p65 with nuclear factor of activated T cells cytoplasmic 1. Furthermore, DADS also markedly suppressed LPS-induced osteoclastogenesis and reduced the production of proinflammatory cytokines with LPS stimulation to indirectly mediate osteoclast formation. Consistent with the in vitro results, DADS prevented the LPS-induced severe bone loss by blocking the osteoclastogenesis. All of the results indicate that DADS may be a potential and exploitable drug used for preventing and impeding osteolytic lesions.-Yang, J., Tang, R., Yi, J., Chen, Y., Li, X., Yu, T., Fei, J. Diallyl disulfide alleviates inflammatory osteolysis by suppressing osteoclastogenesis via NF-κB-NFATc1 signal pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Yang
- Center of Trauma, Daping Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Ruohui Tang
- Center of Trauma, Daping Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Jin Yi
- Center of Trauma, Daping Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yueqi Chen
- Department of Orthopedics, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China; and
| | - Xianghe Li
- Department of Orthopedics, Guizhou Provincial People's Hospital, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China
| | - Tao Yu
- Department of Orthopedics, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China; and
| | - Jun Fei
- Center of Trauma, Daping Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
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Bahrampour Juybari K, Kamarul T, Najafi M, Jafari D, Sharifi AM. Restoring the IL-1β/NF-κB-induced impaired chondrogenesis by diallyl disulfide in human adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells via attenuation of reactive oxygen species and elevation of antioxidant enzymes. Cell Tissue Res 2018; 373:407-419. [PMID: 29582166 DOI: 10.1007/s00441-018-2825-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2017] [Accepted: 03/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Strategies based on mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) therapy for restoring injured articular cartilage are not effective enough in osteoarthritis (OA). Due to the enhanced inflammation and oxidative stress in OA microenvironment, differentiation of MSCs into chondrocytes would be impaired. This study aims to explore the effects of diallyl disulfide (DADS) on IL-1β-mediated inflammation and oxidative stress in human adipose derived mesenchymal stem cells (hADSCs) during chondrogenesis. MTT assay was employed to examine the effects of various concentrations of DADS on the viability of hADSCs at different time scales to obtain non-cytotoxic concentration range of DADS. The effects of DADS on IL-1β-induced intracellular ROS generation and lipid peroxidation were evaluated in hADSCs. Western blotting was used to analyze the protein expression levels of IκBα (np), IκBα (p), NF-κB (np) and NF-κB (p). Furthermore, the gene expression levels of antioxidant enzymes in hADSCs and chondrogenic markers at days 7, 14 and 21 of differentiation were measured using qRT-PCR. The results showed that addition of DADS significantly enhanced the mRNA expression levels of antioxidant enzymes as well as reduced ROS elevation, lipid peroxidation, IκBα activation and NF-κB nuclear translocation in hADSCs treated with IL-1β. In addition, DADS could significantly increase the expression levels of IL-1β-induced impaired chondrogenic marker genes in differentiated hADSCs. Treatment with DADS may provide an effective approach to prevent the pro-inflammatory cytokines and oxidative stress as catabolic causes of chondrocyte cell death and enhance the protective anabolic effects by promoting chondrogenesis associated gene expressions in hADSCs exposed to OA condition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kobra Bahrampour Juybari
- Department of Pharmacology and Razi Drug Research Center, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Tunku Kamarul
- Tissue Engineering Group, (NOCERAL), Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Mohammad Najafi
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Davood Jafari
- Bone and Joint reconstruction research center and Department of Orthopedics Surgery, Shafa Orthopedic Hospital, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ali Mohammad Sharifi
- Department of Pharmacology and Razi Drug Research Center, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. .,Tissue Engineering Group, (NOCERAL), Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
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Liu Y, Li A, Feng X, Sun X, Zhu X, Zhao Z. Pharmacological Investigation of the Anti-Inflammation and Anti-Oxidation Activities of Diallyl Disulfide in a Rat Emphysema Model Induced by Cigarette Smoke Extract. Nutrients 2018; 10:E79. [PMID: 29329251 PMCID: PMC5793307 DOI: 10.3390/nu10010079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2017] [Revised: 12/15/2017] [Accepted: 01/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Diallyl disulfide (DADS) is the main organosulfur ingredient in garlic, with known antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities. The aim of the present study was to investigate the effect of DADS on reducing the inflammation and redox imbalance in a rat emphysema model that was induced by intraperitoneal injection of cigarette smoke extract (CSE). Briefly, DADS exerted an anti-inflammation effect on emphysema rats through decreasing cell influx in the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) and suppressing pro-inflammation cytokine production including tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α), interleukin-1β (IL-1β), interleukin-6 (IL-6) via inhibiting the NF-κB pathway. In addition, levels of oxidative stress markers including malondialdehyde (MDA) and myeloperoxidase (MPO) were reduced, while the activities of glutathione (GSH), glutathione peroxidase (GSH-PX), superoxide dismutase (SOD) and total antioxidant capacity (T-AOC) were markedly enhanced by DADS. Moreover, MMP-9 and TIMP-1 expression were down-regulated by DADS. Furthermore, the regulation effects of DADS on CD4⁺ and CD8⁺ T cells were observed. In conclusion, these encouraging findings suggest that DADS could be considered as a promising anti-inflammation and antioxidative agent for the treatment of emphysema.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Liu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University, 44 West Wenhua Road, Jinan 250012, China.
| | - Ang Li
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University, 44 West Wenhua Road, Jinan 250012, China.
| | - Xiuli Feng
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University, 44 West Wenhua Road, Jinan 250012, China.
| | - Xiao Sun
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University, 44 West Wenhua Road, Jinan 250012, China.
| | - Xiaosong Zhu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University, 44 West Wenhua Road, Jinan 250012, China.
| | - Zhongxi Zhao
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University, 44 West Wenhua Road, Jinan 250012, China.
- Shandong Engineering & Technology Research Center for Jujube Food and Drug, 44 West Wenhua Road, Jinan 250012, China.
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Mucosal and Transdermal Drug Delivery Technologies, Shandong Academy of Pharmaceutical Sciences, 989 Xinluo Street, Jinan 250101, China.
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Protective effects of diallyl disulfide against acetaminophen-induced nephrotoxicity: A possible role of CYP2E1 and NF-κB. Food Chem Toxicol 2017; 102:156-165. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2017.02.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2016] [Revised: 01/24/2017] [Accepted: 02/14/2017] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
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Jang JY, Lee MJ, You BR, Jin JS, Lee SH, Yun YR, Kim HJ. Allium hookeri root extract exerts anti-inflammatory effects by nuclear factor-κB down-regulation in lipopolysaccharide-induced RAW264.7 cells. BMC COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2017; 17:126. [PMID: 28231786 PMCID: PMC5324216 DOI: 10.1186/s12906-017-1633-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2016] [Accepted: 02/09/2017] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Background Allium hookeri (AH) is widely consumed as a vegetable and herbal medicine in southeastern Asia. AH has been reported antioxidant, antimicrobial, improvement of bone health and antidiabetic effects. In the present study, we investigated the inhibitory effect of a methanol extract of AH root (AHE) on inflammatory response in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced RAW264.7 cells. Methods Initially, characterization of organic sulfur compounds in AHE was determined using high performance liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization-mass spectrometry (HPLC-ESI-MS). Cells were incubated with LPS and AHE for 24 h. The productions of nitric oxide (NO), reactive oxygen species (ROS), and inflammation-related cytokines were examined. Gene and protein expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) were assessed by polymerase chain reaction and Western blotting. Key factor, nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) was also determined. Results AHE contained organosulfur compounds such as alliin and S-allylcysteine by HPLC-ESI-MS. AHE significantly inhibited NO, ROS, and cytokines production in LPS-induced RAW264.7 cells. In addition, AHE treatment inhibited iNOS and COX-2 mRNA and protein levels, leading to a decrease in iNOS-derived NO level. Furthermore, NF-κB activation was, at least in part, suppressed by AHE treatment. Conclusion Our data suggest that AHE treatment inhibits the inflammation condition through suppression of iNOS and COX-2 expression via NF-κB down-regulation.
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Hosseinzadeh A, Jafari D, Kamarul T, Bagheri A, Sharifi AM. Evaluating the Protective Effects and Mechanisms of Diallyl Disulfide on Interlukin-1β-Induced Oxidative Stress and Mitochondrial Apoptotic Signaling Pathways in Cultured Chondrocytes. J Cell Biochem 2017; 118:1879-1888. [DOI: 10.1002/jcb.25907] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2016] [Accepted: 01/23/2017] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Azam Hosseinzadeh
- RAZI Drug Research Center; Iran University of Medical Sciences; Tehran Iran
- Department of Pharmacology; School of Medicine; Iran University of Medical Sciences; Tehran Iran
| | - Davood Jafari
- Department of Orthopedics Surgery; Bone and Cartilage Reconstruction Joint Research Center; Shafa Orthopedic Hospital; Iran University of Medical Sciences; Tehran Iran
| | - Tunku Kamarul
- Tissue Engineering Group (NOCERAL); Faculty of Medicine; Department of Orthopedic Surgery; University of Malaya; Kuala Lumpur Malaysia
| | - Abolfazll Bagheri
- Department of Orthopedics Surgery; Bone and Cartilage Reconstruction Joint Research Center; Shafa Orthopedic Hospital; Iran University of Medical Sciences; Tehran Iran
| | - Ali M. Sharifi
- RAZI Drug Research Center; Iran University of Medical Sciences; Tehran Iran
- Department of Pharmacology; School of Medicine; Iran University of Medical Sciences; Tehran Iran
- Tissue Engineering Group (NOCERAL); Faculty of Medicine; Department of Orthopedic Surgery; University of Malaya; Kuala Lumpur Malaysia
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Park JY, Kim BW, Lee HU, Choi DK, Yoon SH. Synthesis of Clovamide Analogues That Inhibit NO Production in Activated BV-2 Microglial Cells. Biol Pharm Bull 2017; 40:1475-1482. [DOI: 10.1248/bpb.b17-00303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ju-Young Park
- Department of Molecular Science and Technology, Ajou University
| | | | - Hae Un Lee
- Department of Molecular Science and Technology, Ajou University
| | | | - Sung-Hwa Yoon
- Department of Molecular Science and Technology, Ajou University
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Shan Y, Wei Z, Tao L, Wang S, Zhang F, Shen C, Wu H, Liu Z, Zhu P, Wang A, Chen W, Lu Y. Prophylaxis of Diallyl Disulfide on Skin Carcinogenic Model via p21-dependent Nrf2 stabilization. Sci Rep 2016; 6:35676. [PMID: 27759091 PMCID: PMC5069634 DOI: 10.1038/srep35676] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2016] [Accepted: 10/04/2016] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancer prevention through intake of biologically active natural products appears to be an accessible way to reduce the risk of cancer. Diallyl disulfide (DADS), a major garlic derivative, has exhibited potential role in cancer therapy. The study is aimed to evaluate the prophylactic effect of DADS in chemically induced mouse skin carcinogenesis and investigate the molecular targets mediated by DADS. Two-stage chemically induced carcinogenesis model by cutaneous application of DMBA and subsequent TPA was established to study the prophylactic effect of DADS. As a result, we observed that DADS dose-dependently attenuated skin tumor incidence and multiplicity in the model mice, which was related to the up-regulation of a bunch of antioxidant enzymes activities and the nuclear accumulation of Nrf2. Furthermore, we developed skin carcinogenesis in Nrf2 knockout mice which could reverse the activity of DADS. Finally, we uncovered the underlying mechanism that DADS promoted the endogenous interaction between p21 and Nrf2, which was critical for impairing the Keap1-mediated degradation of Nrf2. Based on the results, we concluded that DADS was a promising cancer chemoprevention agent and suggested a garlic-rich diet might be beneficial to reduce the cancer risk in our daily life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunlong Shan
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Pharmacology and Safety Evaluation of Chinese Materia Medica, School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Zhonghong Wei
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Pharmacology and Safety Evaluation of Chinese Materia Medica, School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Li Tao
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Pharmacology and Safety Evaluation of Chinese Materia Medica, School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Siliang Wang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Pharmacology and Safety Evaluation of Chinese Materia Medica, School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Feng Zhang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Pharmacology and Safety Evaluation of Chinese Materia Medica, School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Cunsi Shen
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Pharmacology and Safety Evaluation of Chinese Materia Medica, School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Hongyan Wu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Pharmacology and Safety Evaluation of Chinese Materia Medica, School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Zhaoguo Liu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Pharmacology and Safety Evaluation of Chinese Materia Medica, School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Pingting Zhu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Pharmacology and Safety Evaluation of Chinese Materia Medica, School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Aiyun Wang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Pharmacology and Safety Evaluation of Chinese Materia Medica, School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China.,Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) Prevention and Treatment of Tumor, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Wenxing Chen
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Pharmacology and Safety Evaluation of Chinese Materia Medica, School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China.,Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) Prevention and Treatment of Tumor, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Yin Lu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Pharmacology and Safety Evaluation of Chinese Materia Medica, School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China.,Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) Prevention and Treatment of Tumor, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China
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Li Q, Tang Y, Qin J, Yi L, Yang Y, Wang J, He J, Su Q, Tan H. Subcellular localization of DJ-1 in human HL-60 leukemia cells in response to diallyl disulfide treatment. Mol Med Rep 2016; 14:4666-4672. [PMID: 27748821 PMCID: PMC5102037 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2016.5831] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2015] [Accepted: 09/02/2016] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Diallyl disulfide (DADS) has been demonstrated to exert potent anticancer effects in vitro and in vivo. Previous studies indicate that DADS may induce the differentiation and/or apoptosis of human leukemia cells in vitro. However, the mechanisms underlying these anticancer effects remain elusive. The aim of the present study was to investigate alterations in the subcellular localization of protein deglycase DJ-1 (also known as Parkinsonism associated deglycase-7, PARK-7) in the cytoplasm, nucleus and mitochondria of human leukemia HL-60 cells induced by DADS, in order to provide novel experimental evidence for the molecular mechanisms underlying the anticancer mechanisms of DADS in leukemia cells. HL-60 cells induced by DADS were collected at different time points, and proteins from the cytoplasm, nucleus and mitochondria of the cells were isolated using specific cellular component isolation kits. The protein expression levels of DJ-1 in these subcellular fractions of HL60 cells following exposure to DADS for varying lengths of time, were determined using western blotting, immunocytochemistry and immunofluorescence techniques. Following exposure of HL-60 cells to 1.25 mg/l DADS for 8 h, the protein expression levels of DJ-1 were significantly decreased in the cytoplasm, while nuclear fractions exhibited a significant increase in DJ-1 expression when compared with untreated controls. The protein expression levels of DJ-1 in mitochondria of HL-60 cells were significantly decreased following treatment with 5 and 10 mg/l DADS. These results demonstrate that exposure of HL-60 cells to low concentrations of DADS may promote DJ-1 protein translocation from the cytoplasm to the nucleus, which suggests that DJ-1 may function as a transcription factor or cofactor binding protein in the process of cell differentiation. The expression of DJ-1 in mitochondria may be associated with induction of apoptosis in HL-60 cells treated with moderate doses of DADS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingye Li
- Cancer Research Institute, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, P.R. China
| | - Yuxian Tang
- Department of Pathology, The Central Hospital of Yongzhou, Yongzhou, Hunan 425000, P.R. China
| | - Jing Qin
- Cancer Research Institute, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, P.R. China
| | - Lan Yi
- Cancer Research Institute, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, P.R. China
| | - Yening Yang
- Cancer Research Institute, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, P.R. China
| | - Juan Wang
- Cancer Research Institute, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, P.R. China
| | - Jie He
- Cancer Research Institute, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, P.R. China
| | - Qi Su
- Cancer Research Institute, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, P.R. China
| | - Hui Tan
- Cancer Research Institute, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, P.R. China
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S-allylmercapto-l-cysteine modulates MUC5AC and AQP5 secretions in a COPD model via NF-кB signaling pathway. Int Immunopharmacol 2016; 39:307-313. [PMID: 27517516 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2016.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2016] [Revised: 07/25/2016] [Accepted: 08/01/2016] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Garlic has shown versatile medicinal activities in the prevention and treatment of diseases such as chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). However, no individual garlic bioactive components have yet been determined in the COPD treatment effects. In this work, S-allylmercapto-l-cysteine (SAMC) identified in the aged garlic was selected as a model compound to determine its COPD therapeutic potential. The COPD model was established by using lipopolysaccharides (LPS) to stimulate the human airway submucosal gland cell line SPC-A1. Previous studies show that both MUC5AC up-regulation and AQP5 down-regulation play an important role in viscous COPD mucus secretions. The modulation effects of SAMC on LPS-induced MUC5AC and AQP5 productions in SPC-A1 cells were then evaluated. Pretreatment of the SPC-A1 cells with SAMC attenuated MUC5AC secretion and increased AQP5 expression in a dose-dependent manner in the non-cytotoxic concentration range of 20 to 100μM. Mechanistic studies suggested that SAMC could suppress the accumulation of MUC5AC mRNA and inhibit IкBα degradation and NF-кB p65 translocation. These results suggest that SAMC could be a promising candidate in the prevention and treatment of MUC5AC-associated disorders such as COPD.
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Wang K, Wang Y, Qi Q, Zhang F, Zhang Y, Zhu X, Liu G, Luan Y, Zhao Z, Cai J, Cao J, Li S. Inhibitory effects of S -allylmercaptocysteine against benzo(a)pyrene-induced precancerous carcinogenesis in human lung cells. Int Immunopharmacol 2016; 34:37-43. [DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2016.02.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2015] [Revised: 02/15/2016] [Accepted: 02/17/2016] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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Popiolek-Barczyk K, Mika J. Targeting the Microglial Signaling Pathways: New Insights in the Modulation of Neuropathic Pain. Curr Med Chem 2016; 23:2908-2928. [PMID: 27281131 PMCID: PMC5427777 DOI: 10.2174/0929867323666160607120124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 120] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2016] [Revised: 05/23/2016] [Accepted: 06/06/2016] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
The microglia, once thought only to be supporting cells of the central nervous system (CNS), are now recognized to play essential roles in many pathologies. Many studies within the last decades indicated that the neuro-immune interaction underlies the generation and maintenance of neuropathic pain. Through a large number of receptors and signaling pathways, the microglial cells communicate with neurons, astrocytes and other cells, including those of the immune system. A disturbance or loss of CNS homeostasis causes rapid responses of the microglia, which undergo a multistage activation process. The activated microglia change their cell shapes and gene expression profiles, which induce proliferation, migration, and the production of pro- or antinociceptive factors. The cells release a large number of mediators that can act in a manner detrimental or beneficial to the surrounding cells and can indirectly alter the nociceptive signals. This review discusses the most important microglial intracellular signaling cascades (MAPKs, NF-kB, JAK/STAT, PI3K/Akt) that are essential for neuropathic pain development and maintenance. Our objective was to identify new molecular targets that may result in the development of powerful tools to control the signaling associated with neuropathic pain.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Joanna Mika
- Institute of Pharmacology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Department of Pain Pharmacology, 12 Smetna Str., 31-343 Krakow, Poland.
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31
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Diallyl trisulfide inhibits naphthalene-induced oxidative injury and the production of inflammatory responses in A549 cells and mice. Int Immunopharmacol 2015; 29:326-333. [DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2015.10.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2015] [Revised: 10/20/2015] [Accepted: 10/29/2015] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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32
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Manral A, Saini V, Meena P, Tiwari M. Multifunctional novel Diallyl disulfide (DADS) derivatives with β-amyloid-reducing, cholinergic, antioxidant and metal chelating properties for the treatment of Alzheimer’s disease. Bioorg Med Chem 2015; 23:6389-403. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2015.08.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2015] [Revised: 08/20/2015] [Accepted: 08/22/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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33
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Huang J, Yang B, Xiang T, Peng W, Qiu Z, Wan J, Zhang L, Li H, Li H, Ren G. Diallyl disulfide inhibits growth and metastatic potential of human triple-negative breast cancer cells through inactivation of the β-catenin signaling pathway. Mol Nutr Food Res 2015; 59:1063-75. [PMID: 25755089 DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.201400668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2014] [Revised: 01/15/2015] [Accepted: 02/20/2015] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
SCOPE Although diallyl disulfide (DADS), an important garlic (Allium sativum) derivative, has exhibited potential anticancer activity, the molecular mechanism of this activity remains unknown. In this study, we evaluated the antitumor activity of DADS in triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) cell lines based in vitro and in vivo models. METHODS AND RESULTS We found that treatment with DADS resulted in decreased viability, increased apoptosis, and suppression of metastatic potential in TNBC cells. Furthermore, DADS induced dysregulation of B-cell lymphoma (Bcl)-2 family members, downregulation of matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-9 and reversal of the epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT). Interestingly, DADS significantly inhibited activation of the β-catenin signaling pathway, which regulated Bcl-2 family members, MMP-9 and EMT in TNBC cells. Consistent with these in vitro findings, we also verified the anticancer potential of DADS in MDA-MB-231 xenograft mice. Treatment with DADS significantly reduced tumor volume and weight and increased apoptosis in these mice, while the expression of active β-catenin was decreased, and the downstream molecules were dysregulated. CONCLUSION Our results show that the antitumor effect of DADS on TNBC cells is mediated by the β-catenin pathway, suggesting that DADS could be used as a potential therapeutic agent for treating or preventing breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Huang
- Molecular Oncology and Epigenetics Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, P. R. China
| | - Bing Yang
- Molecular Oncology and Epigenetics Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, P. R. China
| | - Tingxiu Xiang
- Molecular Oncology and Epigenetics Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, P. R. China
| | - Weiyan Peng
- Molecular Oncology and Epigenetics Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, P. R. China
| | - Zhu Qiu
- Molecular Oncology and Epigenetics Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, P. R. China
| | - Jingyuan Wan
- Department of Pharmacology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, P. R. China
| | - Li Zhang
- Department of Pathophysiology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, P. R. China
| | - Hongyuan Li
- Molecular Oncology and Epigenetics Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, P. R. China
| | - Hongzhong Li
- Molecular Oncology and Epigenetics Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, P. R. China
| | - Guosheng Ren
- Molecular Oncology and Epigenetics Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, P. R. China
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34
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Kwon SH, Ma SX, Hong SI, Lee SY, Jang CG. Lonicera japonica THUNB. Extract Inhibits Lipopolysaccharide-Stimulated Inflammatory Responses by Suppressing NF-κB Signaling in BV-2 Microglial Cells. J Med Food 2015; 18:762-75. [PMID: 25897683 DOI: 10.1089/jmf.2014.3341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
In the current study, we evaluated the anti-inflammatory effects of Lonicera japonica THUNB. (LJ) and its underlying molecular mechanism in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated BV-2 microglial cells. Our results indicated that LJ significantly inhibits LPS-stimulated production of nitric oxide (NO) and prostaglandin E2 (PGE2). In addition, LJ inhibited inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) at both the protein and mRNA levels. In LPS-stimulated BV-2 microglial cells, LJ inhibited proinflammatory cytokines and chemokines, tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin-1β (IL-1β), monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1), matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9) enzymatic activities, and/or mRNA expression, as well as reactive oxygen species (ROS) production. LJ significantly suppressed activation of nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) and its translocation from the cytosol to the nucleus and suppressed the DNA-binding activity of NF-κB. Furthermore, LJ significantly inhibited phosphorylation of c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK), extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2 (ERK 1/2), p38 mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs), phosphatidylinositol 3-kinases (PI3K)/Akt, and Janus kinase 1 (JAK1)/signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT)1/3. Collectively, our findings indicated that the antineuroinflammatory properties of LJ in LPS-induced BV-2 microglial cells is due to downregulation of proinflammatory cytokines and chemokines downstream of inhibition of NF-κB activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seung-Hwan Kwon
- 1 Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Sungkyunkwan University , Suwon, Korea.,2 Natural Products Research Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology , Gangneung, Korea
| | - Shi-Xun Ma
- 1 Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Sungkyunkwan University , Suwon, Korea
| | - Sa-Ik Hong
- 1 Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Sungkyunkwan University , Suwon, Korea
| | - Seok-Yong Lee
- 1 Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Sungkyunkwan University , Suwon, Korea
| | - Choon-Gon Jang
- 1 Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Sungkyunkwan University , Suwon, Korea
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35
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Hisanaga A, Ishida H, Sakao K, Sogo T, Kumamoto T, Hashimoto F, Hou DX. Anti-inflammatory activity and molecular mechanism of Oolong tea theasinensin. Food Funct 2015; 5:1891-7. [PMID: 24947273 DOI: 10.1039/c4fo00152d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Oolong tea theasinensins are a group of tea polyphenols different from green tea catechins and black tea theaflavins, and they are considered as bioactive compounds in Oolong tea. In the present study, based on the properties of theasinensin and information about inflammatory processes, we investigated the anti-inflammatory activity and molecular mechanisms of theasinensin A (TSA) in both cell and animal models. In the cell model, TSA reduced the levels of pro-inflammatory mediators including inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), nitric oxide (NO), interleukin-12 (IL-12) (p70), tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α), and monocyte chemotactic protein-1 (MCP-1) induced by lipopolysaccharide (LPS). Cellular signaling analysis revealed that TSA downregulated MAPK/ERK kinase (MEK)-extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) signaling. Pull-down assay and affinity data revealed that TSA might directly bind to MEK-ERK for the inhibitory action. In the animal model, TSA suppressed the production of IL-12 (p70), TNF-α, and MCP-1 and attenuated mouse paw edema induced by LPS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayami Hisanaga
- United Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Kagoshima University, Korimoto 1-21-24, Kagoshima, 890-0065, Japan.
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Kim SH, Lee IC, Ko JW, Moon C, Kim SH, Shin IS, Seo YW, Kim HC, Kim JC. Diallyl Disulfide Prevents Cyclophosphamide-Induced Hemorrhagic Cystitis in Rats through the Inhibition of Oxidative Damage, MAPKs, and NF-κB Pathways. Biomol Ther (Seoul) 2015; 23:180-8. [PMID: 25767687 PMCID: PMC4354320 DOI: 10.4062/biomolther.2014.126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2014] [Revised: 12/25/2014] [Accepted: 01/12/2015] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
This study investigated the possible effects and molecular mechanisms of diallyl disulfide (DADS) against cyclophosphamide (CP)-induced hemorrhagic cystitis (HC) in rats. Inflammation response was assessed by histopathology and serum cytokines levels. We determined the protein expressions of nuclear transcription factor kappa-B (NF-κB), inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), oxidative stress, urinary nitrite-nitrate, malondialdehyde (MDA), and 8-hydroxy-2’-deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG). Finally, we studied the involvement of mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) signaling in the protective effects of DADS against CP-induced HC. CP treatment caused a HC which was evidenced by an increase in histopathological changes, proinflammatory cytokines levels, urinary nitrite-nitrate level, and the protein expression of NF-κB, COX-2, iNOS, TNF-α, p-c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK), and p-extracellular signal regulated kinase (ERK). The significant decreases in glutathione content and glutathione-S-transferase and glutathione reductase activities, and the significant increase in MDA content and urinary MDA and 8-OHdG levels indicated that CP-induced bladder injury was mediated through oxidative DNA damage. In contrast, DADS pretreatment attenuated CP-induced HC, including histopathological lesion, serum cytokines levels, oxidative damage, and urinary oxidative DNA damage. DADS also caused significantly decreased the protein expressions of NF-κB, COX-2, iNOS, TNF-α, p-JNK, and p-ERK. These results indicate that DADS prevents CP-induced HC and that the protective effects of DADS may be due to its ability to regulate proinflammatory cytokines production by inhibition of NF-κB and MAPKs expressions, and its potent anti-oxidative capability through reduction of oxidative DNA damage in the bladder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sung Hwan Kim
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 500-757 ; Jeonbuk Department of Inhalation Research, Korea Institute of Toxicology, Jeonbuk 580-185
| | - In Chul Lee
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 500-757
| | - Je Won Ko
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 500-757
| | - Changjong Moon
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 500-757
| | - Sung Ho Kim
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 500-757
| | - In Sik Shin
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 500-757 ; Natural Medicine Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Chungbuk 363-883
| | - Young Won Seo
- Biomedical Mouse Resource Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Chungbuk 363-883, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyoung Chin Kim
- Biomedical Mouse Resource Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Chungbuk 363-883, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong Choon Kim
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 500-757
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Luo N, Zhao LC, Shi QQ, Feng ZQ, Chen DL, Li J. Induction of Apoptosis in Human Leukemic Cell Lines by Diallyl Disulfide via Modulation of EGFR/ERK/PKM2 Signaling Pathways. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev 2015; 16:3509-15. [PMID: 25921170 DOI: 10.7314/apjcp.2015.16.8.3509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Diallyl disulfide (DADS) may exert potent anticancer action both in vitro and in vivo. Although its effects on cancer are significant, the underlying mechanisms remain unknown. In this study, we sought to elucidate possible links between DADS and pyruvate kinase (PKM2). MATERIALS AND METHODS KG1α, a leukemia cell line highly expressing PKM2 was used with a cell counting kit (CCK)-8 and flow cytometry (FCM) to investigate the effects of DADS. Relationships between PKM2 and DADS associated with phosphorylation of EGFR, ERK1/2 and MEK, were assessed by western blot analysis. RESULTS In KG1α cells highly expressing PKM2, we found that DADS could affect proliferation, apoptosis and EGFR/ERK/PKM2 signaling pathways, abrogating EGF-induced nuclear accumulation of PKM2. CONCLUSIONS These results suggested that DADS suppressed the proliferation of KG1α cells, providing evidence that its proapoptotic effects are mediated through the inhibition of EGFR/ERK/PKM2 signaling pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nian Luo
- Laboratory of Stem Cells and Tissue Engineering, Histology and Embryology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China E-mail :
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38
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Sogo T, Terahara N, Hisanaga A, Kumamoto T, Yamashiro T, Wu S, Sakao K, Hou DX. Anti-inflammatory activity and molecular mechanism of delphinidin 3-sambubioside, a Hibiscus anthocyanin. Biofactors 2015; 41:58-65. [PMID: 25728636 DOI: 10.1002/biof.1201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2014] [Revised: 01/23/2015] [Accepted: 01/28/2015] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Delphinidin 3-sambubioside (Dp3-Sam), a Hibiscus anthocyanin, was isolated from the dried calices of Hibiscus sabdariffa L, which has been used for folk beverages and herbal medicine although the molecular mechanisms are poorly defined. Based on the properties of Dp3-Sam and the information of inflammatory processes, we investigated the anti-inflammatory activity and molecular mechanisms in both cell and animal models in the present study. In the cell model, Dp3-Sam and Delphinidin (Dp) reduced the levels of inflammatory mediators including iNOS, NO, IL-6, MCP-1, and TNF-α induced by LPS. Cellular signaling analysis revealed that Dp3-Sam and Dp downregulated NF-κB pathway and MEK1/2-ERK1/2 signaling. In animal model, Dp3-Sam and Dp reduced the production of IL-6, MCP-1 and TNF-α and attenuated mouse paw edema induced by LPS. Our in vitro and in vivo data demonstrated that Hibiscus Dp3-Sam possessed potential anti-inflammatory properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takayuki Sogo
- Course of Biological Science and Technology, United Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima, Japan
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Ma A, Wang Y, Zhang Q. Tormentic acid reduces inflammation in BV-2 microglia by activating the liver X receptor alpha. Neuroscience 2014; 287:9-14. [PMID: 25497374 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2014.12.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2014] [Revised: 12/03/2014] [Accepted: 12/03/2014] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Tormentic acid (TA) has been reported to have anticancer, anti-inflammatory and anti-atherogenic properties. However, the effects of TA on neuroinflammation have not been reported. In this study, we investigated whether TA inhibited lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced inflammatory response in BV2 microglia cells. BV2 microglia cells were treated with TA for 1h before exposure to LPS. The expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), Cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), Nuclear factor κB (NF-κB) and liver X receptor alpha (LXRα) was detected by western blotting. The expression of cytokines Tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) and interleukin 1beta (IL-1β) was detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISA). Results showed that TA inhibited nitric oxide (NO), prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) production by inhibiting iNOS and COX-2 expression. TA also inhibited LPS-induced inflammatory cytokines TNF-α and IL-1β expression. Furthermore, TA could activate LXRα and inhibit LPS-induced NF-κB activation. Knowdown of LXRα reversed the anti-inflammatory effects of TA. In conclusion, our results indicate that TA exerts an anti-inflammatory effect on LPS-stimulated BV2 microglia cells by activating LXRα.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Ma
- Department of Neurology, He Bei Provincial Chest Hospital, Shi Jiazhuang 050000, China
| | - Y Wang
- Department of Nephrology, He Bei Provincial Chest Hospital, Shi Jiazhuang 050000, China
| | - Q Zhang
- Department of Neurology, He Bei Provincial Chest Hospital, Shi Jiazhuang 050000, China.
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Evaluating the anti-neuroinflammatory capacity of raw and steamed garlic as well as five organosulfur compounds. Molecules 2014; 19:17697-714. [PMID: 25365295 PMCID: PMC6271092 DOI: 10.3390/molecules191117697] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2014] [Revised: 10/17/2014] [Accepted: 10/20/2014] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The anti-neuroinflammatory capacities of raw and steamed garlic extracts as well as five organosulfur compounds (OSCs) were examined in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated BV2 microglia. According to those results, steaming pretreatment blocked the formation of alliinase-catalyzed OSCs such as allicin and diallyl trisulfide (DATS) in crushed garlic. Raw garlic, but not steamed garlic, dose-dependently attenuated the production of LPS-induced nitric oxide (NO), interleukin-1β (IL-1β), tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, and monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1). DATS and diallyl disulfide at 200 and 400 μM, respectively, displayed significant anti-neuroinflammatory activity. Meanwhile, even at 1 mM, diallyl sulfide, S-allyl cysteine and alliin did not display such activity. Inhibition of nuclear factor-κB activation was the mechanism underlying this protective effect of raw garlic and DATS. Analysis results indicated that the anti-neuroinflammatory capacity of raw garlic is due to the alliin-derived OSCs. Importantly, DATS is a highly promising therapeutic candidate for treating inflammation-related neurodegenerative diseases.
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Fu E, Tsai MC, Chin YT, Tu HP, Fu MM, Chiang CY, Chiu HC. The effects of diallyl sulfide upon Porphyromonas gingivalis
lipopolysaccharide stimulated proinflammatory cytokine expressions and nuclear factor-kappa B activation in human gingival fibroblasts. J Periodontal Res 2014; 50:380-8. [DOI: 10.1111/jre.12217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/22/2014] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- E. Fu
- Department of Periodontology; National Defense Medical Center; Research Institute of Dental Sciences; School of Dentistry; Tri-Service General Hospital; Taipei Taiwan
| | - M.-C. Tsai
- Department of Periodontology; National Defense Medical Center; Research Institute of Dental Sciences; School of Dentistry; Tri-Service General Hospital; Taipei Taiwan
| | - Y.-T. Chin
- Department of Periodontology; National Defense Medical Center; Research Institute of Dental Sciences; School of Dentistry; Tri-Service General Hospital; Taipei Taiwan
- Program for Graduate Institute of Cancer Biology and Drug Discovery; College of Medical Science and Technology; Taipei Medical University; Taipei Taiwan
| | - H.-P. Tu
- Department of Periodontology; National Defense Medical Center; Research Institute of Dental Sciences; School of Dentistry; Tri-Service General Hospital; Taipei Taiwan
- Department of Dental Hygiene; China Medical University; Taichung Taiwan
| | - M. M. Fu
- Department of Periodontology; National Defense Medical Center; Research Institute of Dental Sciences; School of Dentistry; Tri-Service General Hospital; Taipei Taiwan
- Department of Oral Medicine, Infection and Immunity; Harvard School of Dental Medicine; Boston MA USA
| | - C.-Y. Chiang
- Department of Periodontology; National Defense Medical Center; Research Institute of Dental Sciences; School of Dentistry; Tri-Service General Hospital; Taipei Taiwan
| | - H.-C. Chiu
- Department of Periodontology; National Defense Medical Center; Research Institute of Dental Sciences; School of Dentistry; Tri-Service General Hospital; Taipei Taiwan
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Yuan T, Li Z, Li X, Yu G, Wang N, Yang X. Lidocaine attenuates lipopolysaccharide-induced inflammatory responses in microglia. J Surg Res 2014; 192:150-62. [PMID: 24952412 DOI: 10.1016/j.jss.2014.05.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2013] [Revised: 04/23/2014] [Accepted: 05/08/2014] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Lidocaine has been used as a local anesthetic with anti-inflammatory properties, but its effects on neuroinflammation have not been well defined. In the present study, we investigated the prophylactic effects of lidocaine on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-activated microglia and explored the underlying mechanisms. MATERIALS AND METHODS Microglial cells were incubated with or without 1 μg/mL LPS in the presence or absence of lidocaine, a p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (p38 MAPK) inhibitor (SB203580), a nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) inhibitor (pyrrolidine dithiocarbamate), or small interfering RNA. The protein and expression levels of inflammatory mediators, such as monocyte chemotactic protein 1, nitric oxide, prostaglandin E2, interleukin 1β, and tumor necrosis factor α were measured using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays and real-time polymerase chain reaction. The effect of lidocaine on NF-κB and p38 MAPK activation was evaluated using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays, Western blot analysis, and electrophoretic mobility shift assay. RESULTS Lidocaine (≥2 μg/mL) significantly inhibited the release and expression of nitric oxide, monocyte chemotactic protein 1, prostaglandin E2, interleukin 1β, and tumor necrosis factor α in LPS-activated microglia. Treatment with lidocaine also significantly inhibited the phosphorylation of p38 MAPK and the nuclear translocation of NF-κB p50/p65, increased the protein levels of inhibitor kappa B-α. Furthermore, our study shows that the LPS-induced release of inflammatory mediators was suppressed by SB203580, pyrrolidine dithiocarbamate, and small interfering RNA. CONCLUSIONS Prophylactic treatment with lidocaine inhibits LPS-induced release of inflammatory mediators from microglia, and these effects may be mediated by blockade of p38 MAPK and NF-κB signaling pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tong Yuan
- Department of Anesthesiology, First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Zhiwen Li
- Department of Anesthesiology, First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Xinbai Li
- Department of Anesthesiology, First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Gaoqi Yu
- Department of Anesthesiology, First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Na Wang
- Department of Anesthesiology, First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Xige Yang
- Department of Anesthesiology, First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China.
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Cysteinyl leukotriene receptor 1 mediates LTD4-induced activation of mouse microglial cells in vitro. Acta Pharmacol Sin 2014; 35:33-40. [PMID: 24141567 DOI: 10.1038/aps.2013.130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2013] [Accepted: 08/22/2013] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM To investigate the roles of cysteinyl leukotriene receptors CysLT1R and CysLT2R in leukotriene D4 (LTD4)-induced activation of microglial cells in vitro. METHODS Mouse microglial cell line BV2 was transfected with pcDNA3.1(+)-hCysLT1R or pcDNA3.1(+)-hCysLT2R. The expression of relevant mRNAs and proteins in the cells was detected using RT-PCR and Western blotting, respectively. Phagocytosis was determined with flow cytometry analysis. The release of interleukin-1β (IL-1β) from the cells was measured using an ELISA assay. RESULTS The expression of CysLT1R or CysLT2R was considerably increased in the transfected BV2 cells, and the receptors were mainly distributed in the plasma membrane and cytosol. Treatment of the cells expressing CysLT1R or CysLT2R with CysLT receptor agonist LTD4 (0.1-100 nmol/L) concentration-dependently enhanced the phagocytosis, and increased mRNA expression and release of IL-1β. Moreover, the responses of hCysLT1R-BV2 cells to LTD4 were significantly larger than those of hCysLT2R-BV2 or WT-BV2 cells. Pretreatment of hCysLT1R-BV2 cells with the selective CysLT1R antagonist montelukast (1 μmol/L) significantly blocked LTD4-induced phagocytosis as well as the mRNA expression and release of IL-1β, whereas the selective CysLT2R antagonist HAMI 3379 (1 μmol/L) had no such effects. CONCLUSION CysLT1R mediates LTD4-induced activation of BV2 cells, suggesting that CysLT1R antagonists may exert anti-inflammatory activity in brain diseases.
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Trio PZ, You S, He X, He J, Sakao K, Hou DX. Chemopreventive functions and molecular mechanisms of garlic organosulfur compounds. Food Funct 2014; 5:833-44. [DOI: 10.1039/c3fo60479a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
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General anesthetics inhibit LPS-induced IL-1β expression in glial cells. PLoS One 2013; 8:e82930. [PMID: 24349401 PMCID: PMC3859610 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0082930] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2013] [Accepted: 10/29/2013] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Glial cells, including microglia and astrocytes, are considered the primary source of proinflammatory cytokines in the brain. Immune insults stimulate glial cells to secrete proinflammatory cytokines that modulate the acute systemic response, which includes fever, behavioral changes, and hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis activation. We investigated the effect of general anesthetics on proinflammatory cytokine expression in the primary cultured glial cells, the microglial cell line BV-2, the astrocytic cell line A-1 and mouse brain. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS Primary cultured glial cells were exposed to lipopolysaccharide (LPS) in combination with general anesthetics including isoflurane, pentobarbital, midazolam, ketamine, and propofol. Following this treatment, we examined glial cell expression of the proinflammatory cytokines interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-6, and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α). LPS-induced expression of IL-1β mRNA and protein were significantly reduced by all the anesthetics tested, whereas IL-6 and TNF-α mRNA expression was unaffected. The anesthetics suppressed LPS-induced extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2 (ERK 1/2) phosphorylation, but did not affect nuclear factor-kappaB and activator protein-1 activation. The same effect was observed with BV-2, but not with A-1 cells. In the mouse experiments, LPS was injected intraperitoneally, and isoflurane suppressed IL-1β in the brain and adrenocorticotropic hormone in plasma, but not IL-1β in plasma. CONCLUSIONS/SIGNIFICANCE Taken together, our results indicate that general anesthetics inhibit LPS-induced IL-1β upregulation in glial cells, particularly microglia, and affects HPA axis participation in the stress response.
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Dziri S, Casabianca H, Hanchi B, Hosni K. Composition of garlic essential oil (Allium sativumL.) as influenced by drying method. JOURNAL OF ESSENTIAL OIL RESEARCH 2013. [DOI: 10.1080/10412905.2013.868329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Shin IS, Hong J, Jeon CM, Shin NR, Kwon OK, Kim HS, Kim JC, Oh SR, Ahn KS. Diallyl-disulfide, an organosulfur compound of garlic, attenuates airway inflammation via activation of the Nrf-2/HO-1 pathway and NF-kappaB suppression. Food Chem Toxicol 2013; 62:506-13. [PMID: 24051194 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2013.09.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2013] [Revised: 09/03/2013] [Accepted: 09/07/2013] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Diallyl disulfide (DADS) is a major organosulfur compound found in garlic oil that is widely used as a flavoring agent. In this study, we evaluated the effects of DADS on airway inflammation using an ovalbumin-induced model of allergic asthma and RAW264.7 cells. DADS decreased nitric oxide production with a reduction in the levels of interleukins (IL)-1β and IL-6 in RAW264.7 cells stimulated with LPS. DADS also reduced the expression of proinflammatory proteins including inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), nuclear factor (NF)-κB, and matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-9, and it enhanced the expression of antioxidant proteins including Nrf-2 and hemeoxygenase (HO)-1. In in vivo experiments, DADS decreased the inflammatory cell count in the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) with IL-4, IL-5, IL-13, and immunoglobulin (Ig) E. These results were consistent with the histological analysis. DADS attenuated the airway inflammation and mucus hypersecretion induced by OVA challenge. In addition, DADS induced the activation of Nrf-2 and the expression of HO-1. In contrast, DADS reduced the activation of NF-κB, iNOS and MMP-9. In conclusion, DADS reduced the airway inflammation via regulation of Nrf-2/HO-1 and NF-κB. These results suggest that DADS might represent a useful new oral therapy to treat allergic asthma.
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Affiliation(s)
- In-Sik Shin
- Natural Medicine Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, 30 Yeongudanji-ro, Ochang-eup, Cheongwon-gun, Chungbuk 363-883, Republic of Korea; College of Veterinary Medicine, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 500-757, Republic of Korea
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You S, Nakanishi E, Kuwata H, Chen J, Nakasone Y, He X, He J, Liu X, Zhang S, Zhang B, Hou DX. Inhibitory effects and molecular mechanisms of garlic organosulfur compounds on the production of inflammatory mediators. Mol Nutr Food Res 2013; 57:2049-60. [DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.201200843] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2012] [Revised: 04/07/2013] [Accepted: 04/08/2013] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Sixiang You
- The Engineering Research Center of Feed Safety and Efficient Utilization of Education Ministry; Hunan Agriculture University; Changsha Hunan P. R. China
- Department of Biochemical Science and Technology; Faculty of Agriculture; Kagoshima University; Korimoto Kagoshima Japan
- College of Animal Medicine; Hunan Agriculture University; Changsha Hunan P. R. China
| | - Eri Nakanishi
- Department of Biochemical Science and Technology; Faculty of Agriculture; Kagoshima University; Korimoto Kagoshima Japan
| | - Hiroko Kuwata
- Department of Biochemical Science and Technology; Faculty of Agriculture; Kagoshima University; Korimoto Kagoshima Japan
| | - Jihua Chen
- Department of Biochemical Science and Technology; Faculty of Agriculture; Kagoshima University; Korimoto Kagoshima Japan
| | | | - Xi He
- The Engineering Research Center of Feed Safety and Efficient Utilization of Education Ministry; Hunan Agriculture University; Changsha Hunan P. R. China
| | - Jianhua He
- The Engineering Research Center of Feed Safety and Efficient Utilization of Education Ministry; Hunan Agriculture University; Changsha Hunan P. R. China
- National Research Center of Engineering Technology for Utilization of Botanical Functional Ingredients; Hunan Agriculture University; Changsha Hunan P. R. China
| | - Xiangxin Liu
- College of Animal Medicine; Hunan Agriculture University; Changsha Hunan P. R. China
| | - Shirui Zhang
- The Engineering Research Center of Feed Safety and Efficient Utilization of Education Ministry; Hunan Agriculture University; Changsha Hunan P. R. China
| | - Bin Zhang
- The Engineering Research Center of Feed Safety and Efficient Utilization of Education Ministry; Hunan Agriculture University; Changsha Hunan P. R. China
| | - De-Xing Hou
- The Engineering Research Center of Feed Safety and Efficient Utilization of Education Ministry; Hunan Agriculture University; Changsha Hunan P. R. China
- Department of Biochemical Science and Technology; Faculty of Agriculture; Kagoshima University; Korimoto Kagoshima Japan
- National Research Center of Engineering Technology for Utilization of Botanical Functional Ingredients; Hunan Agriculture University; Changsha Hunan P. R. China
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Shin DY, Kim GY, Lee JH, Choi BT, Yoo YH, Choi YH. Apoptosis induction of human prostate carcinoma DU145 cells by diallyl disulfide via modulation of JNK and PI3K/AKT signaling pathways. Int J Mol Sci 2012. [PMID: 23203057 PMCID: PMC3509573 DOI: 10.3390/ijms131114158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Diallyl disulfide (DADS), a sulfur compound derived from garlic, has various biological properties, such as anticancer, antiangiogenic and anti-inflammatory effects. However, the mechanisms of action underlying the compound’s anticancer activity have not been fully elucidated. In this study, the apoptotic effects of DADS were investigated in DU145 human prostate carcinoma cells. Our results showed that DADS markedly inhibited the growth of the DU145 cells by induction of apoptosis. Apoptosis was accompanied by modulation of Bcl-2 and inhibitor of apoptosis protein (IAP) family proteins, depolarization of the mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP, ΔΨm) and proteolytic activation of caspases. We also found that the expression of death-receptor 4 (DR4) and Fas ligand (FasL) proteins was increased and that the level of intact Bid proteins was down-regulated by DADS. Moreover, treatment with DADS induced phosphorylation of mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs), including extracellular-signal regulating kinase (ERK), p38 MAPK and c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK). A specific JNK inhibitor, SP600125, significantly blocked DADS-induced-apoptosis, whereas inhibitors of the ERK (PD98059) and p38 MAPK (SB203580) had no effect. The induction of apoptosis was also accompanied by inactivation of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K)/Akt and the PI3K inhibitor LY29004 significantly increased DADS-induced cell death. These findings provide evidence demonstrating that the proapoptotic effect of DADS is mediated through the activation of JNK and the inhibition of the PI3K/Akt signaling pathway in DU145 cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong Yeok Shin
- Dongnam Institute of Radiological & Medicine Sciences, Busan 619-953, Korea; E-Mail:
| | - Gi-Young Kim
- Laboratory of Immunobiology, Department of Marine Life Sciences, Jeju National University, Jeju 690-756, Korea; E-Mail:
| | - Jun Hyuk Lee
- Biotechnology Examination Division, Chemistry and Biotechnology Examination Bureau, Korean Intellectual Property Office, Daejeon 302-701, Korea; E-Mail:
| | - Byung Tae Choi
- Division of Meridian and Structural Medicine, School of Korean Medicine, Pusan National University, Yangsan 626-870, Korea; E-Mail:
| | - Young Hyun Yoo
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology and Mitochondria Hub Regulation Center, College of Medicine, Dong-A University, Busan 602-714, Korea
- Authors to whom correspondence should be addressed; E-Mails: (Y.H.Y.); (Y.H.C.); Tel.: +82-51-240-2637 (Y.H.Y.); Fax: +82-51-243-0116 (Y.H.Y.); Tel./Fax: +82-51-850-7413 (Y.H.C.)
| | - Yung Hyun Choi
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Oriental Medicine and Anti-Aging Research Center, Dongeui University, Busan 614-052, Korea
- Authors to whom correspondence should be addressed; E-Mails: (Y.H.Y.); (Y.H.C.); Tel.: +82-51-240-2637 (Y.H.Y.); Fax: +82-51-243-0116 (Y.H.Y.); Tel./Fax: +82-51-850-7413 (Y.H.C.)
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