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Qin H, Liu C, Li C, Feng C, Bo Huang. Advances in bi-directional relationships for EZH2 and oxidative stress. Exp Cell Res 2024; 434:113876. [PMID: 38070859 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2023.113876] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2023] [Revised: 11/14/2023] [Accepted: 12/03/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023]
Abstract
Over the past two decades, polycomb repressive complex 2(PRC2) has emerged as a vital repressive complex in overall cell fate determination. In mammals, enhancer of zeste homolog 2 (EHZ2), which is the core component of PRC2, has also been recognized as an important regulator of inflammatory, redox, tumorigenesis and damage repair signalling networks. To exert these effects, EZH2 must regulate target genes epigenetically or interact directly with other gene expression-regulating factors, such as LncRNAs and microRNAs. Our review provides a comprehensive summary of research advances, discoveries and trends regarding the regulatory mechanisms between EZH2 and reactive oxygen species (ROS). First, we outline novel findings about how EZH2 regulates the generation of ROS at the molecular level. Then, we summarize how oxidative stress controls EHZ2 alteration (upregulation, downregulation, or phosphorylation) via various molecules and signalling pathways. Finally, we address why EZH2 and oxidative stress have an undefined relationship and provide potential future research ideas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heng Qin
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Xinqiao Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, 400037, PR China.
| | - Chang Liu
- Department of Orthopedics, Xinqiao Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, 400037, PR China.
| | - Changqing Li
- Department of Orthopedics, Xinqiao Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, 400037, PR China.
| | - Chencheng Feng
- Department of Orthopedics, Xinqiao Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, 400037, PR China.
| | - Bo Huang
- Department of Orthopedics, Xinqiao Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, 400037, PR China.
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2
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Entezari M, Taheriazam A, Paskeh MDA, Sabouni E, Zandieh MA, Aboutalebi M, Kakavand A, Rezaei S, Hejazi ES, Saebfar H, Salimimoghadam S, Mirzaei S, Hashemi M, Samarghandian S. The pharmacological and biological importance of EZH2 signaling in lung cancer. Biomed Pharmacother 2023; 160:114313. [PMID: 36738498 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2023.114313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2022] [Revised: 01/20/2023] [Accepted: 01/26/2023] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Up to 18% of cancer-related deaths worldwide are attributed to lung tumor and global burden of this type of cancer is ascending. Different factors are responsible for development of lung cancer such as smoking, environmental factors and genetic mutations. EZH2 is a vital protein with catalytic activity and belongs to PCR2 family. EZH2 has been implicated in regulating gene expression by binding to promoter of targets. The importance of EZH2 in lung cancer is discussed in current manuscript. Activation of EZH2 significantly elevates the proliferation rate of lung cancer. Furthermore, metastasis and associated molecular mechanisms including EMT undergo activation by EZH2 in enhancing the lung cancer progression. The response of lung cancer to therapy can be significantly diminished due to EZH2 upregulation. Since EZH2 increases tumor progression, anti-cancer agents suppressing its expression reduce malignancy. In spite of significant effort in understanding modulatory function of EZH2 on other pathways, it appears that EZH2 can be also regulated and controlled by other factors that are described in current review. Therefore, translating current findings to clinic can improve treatment and management of lung cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maliheh Entezari
- Farhikhtegan Medical Convergence sciences Research Center, Farhikhtegan Hospital Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran; Department of Genetics, Faculty of Advanced Science and Technology, Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Afshin Taheriazam
- Farhikhtegan Medical Convergence sciences Research Center, Farhikhtegan Hospital Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran; Department of Orthopedics, Faculty of medicine, Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mahshid Deldar Abad Paskeh
- Farhikhtegan Medical Convergence sciences Research Center, Farhikhtegan Hospital Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran; Department of Genetics, Faculty of Advanced Science and Technology, Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Eisa Sabouni
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Islamic Azad University, Science and Research Branch, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Arad Zandieh
- Department of Food Hygiene and Quality Control, Division of Epidemiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Maryam Aboutalebi
- Farhikhtegan Medical Convergence sciences Research Center, Farhikhtegan Hospital Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Amirabbas Kakavand
- Farhikhtegan Medical Convergence sciences Research Center, Farhikhtegan Hospital Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Shamin Rezaei
- Farhikhtegan Medical Convergence sciences Research Center, Farhikhtegan Hospital Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Elahe Sadat Hejazi
- Farhikhtegan Medical Convergence sciences Research Center, Farhikhtegan Hospital Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hamidreza Saebfar
- European University Association, League of European Research Universities, university of milan, Italy
| | - Shokooh Salimimoghadam
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Sepideh Mirzaei
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Islamic Azad University, Science and Research Branch, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Mehrdad Hashemi
- Farhikhtegan Medical Convergence sciences Research Center, Farhikhtegan Hospital Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran; Department of Genetics, Faculty of Advanced Science and Technology, Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Saeed Samarghandian
- Healthy Ageing Research Centre, Neyshabur University of Medical Sciences, Neyshabur, Iran.
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Lin X, Tong X, Zhang Y, Gu W, Huang Q, Zhang Y, Zhuo F, Zhao F, Jin X, Li C, Huang D, Zhang S, Dai Y. Decreased Expression of EZH2 in Granulosa Cells Contributes to Endometriosis-Associated Infertility by Targeting IL-1R2. Endocrinology 2022; 164:6916877. [PMID: 36524678 PMCID: PMC9825353 DOI: 10.1210/endocr/bqac210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2022] [Revised: 12/07/2022] [Accepted: 12/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
The mechanism by which endometriosis, a common gynecological disease characterized by chronic pelvic pain and infertility, causes infertility remains elusive. Luteinized unruptured follicle syndrome, the most common type of ovulatory dysfunction, is a cause of endometriosis-associated infertility involving reduced numbers of retrieved and mature oocytes. Ovulation is controlled by luteinizing hormone and paracrine signals produced within the follicle microenvironment. Generally, interleukin (IL)-1β is elevated in endometriosis follicular fluid, whereby it amplifies ovulation signals by activating extracellular-regulated kinase 1/2 and CCAAT/enhancer binding protein β pathways. However, this amplification of ovulation by IL-1β does not occur in patients with endometriosis. To illuminate the mechanism of ovulatory dysfunction in endometriosis, we analyzed the effect of oxidative stress and IL-1β expression on endometriosis follicles. We found that oxidative stress decreased EZH2 expression and reduced H3K27Me3 levels in endometriosis ovarian granulosa cells (GCs). Selective Ezh2 depletion in mice ovarian GCs reduced fertility by disturbing cumulus-oocyte complex expansion and reducing epidermal growth factor-like factor expression. Gene expression and H3K27Me3 ChIP-sequencing (ChIP-Seq) of GCs revealed IL-1 receptor 2 (IL-1R2), a high-affinity IL-1β-receptor that suppresses IL-1β-mediated inflammatory cascades during ovulation, as a crucial target gene of the EZH2-H3K27Me3 axis. Moreover, IL-1β addition did not restore ovulation upon Ezh2 knockdown, indicating a vital function of IL-1R2 in endometriosis. Thus, our findings show that reducing EZH2 and H3K27Me3 in GCs suppressed ovulatory signals by increasing IL-1R2 expression, which may ultimately contribute to endometriosis-associated infertility.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Yinli Zhang
- Assisted Reproduction Unit, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Sir Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Shangcheng District, Hangzhou 310016, China
- Key Laboratory of Reproductive Dysfunction Management of Zhejiang Province, Shangcheng District, Hangzhou 310016, China
| | - Weijia Gu
- Assisted Reproduction Unit, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Sir Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Shangcheng District, Hangzhou 310016, China
| | - Qianmeng Huang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, No. 109 Xueyuan WestRoad, Lucheng District, Wenzhou 325000, China
| | - Yi Zhang
- Assisted Reproduction Unit, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Sir Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Shangcheng District, Hangzhou 310016, China
| | - Feng Zhuo
- Assisted Reproduction Unit, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Sir Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Shangcheng District, Hangzhou 310016, China
- Key Laboratory of Reproductive Dysfunction Management of Zhejiang Province, Shangcheng District, Hangzhou 310016, China
| | - Fanxuan Zhao
- Assisted Reproduction Unit, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Sir Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Shangcheng District, Hangzhou 310016, China
| | - Xiaoying Jin
- Assisted Reproduction Unit, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Sir Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Shangcheng District, Hangzhou 310016, China
- Key Laboratory of Reproductive Dysfunction Management of Zhejiang Province, Shangcheng District, Hangzhou 310016, China
| | - Chao Li
- Assisted Reproduction Unit, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Sir Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Shangcheng District, Hangzhou 310016, China
- Key Laboratory of Reproductive Dysfunction Management of Zhejiang Province, Shangcheng District, Hangzhou 310016, China
| | - Dong Huang
- Assisted Reproduction Unit, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Sir Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Shangcheng District, Hangzhou 310016, China
- Key Laboratory of Reproductive Dysfunction Management of Zhejiang Province, Shangcheng District, Hangzhou 310016, China
| | - Songying Zhang
- Correspondence: Yongdong Dai, PhD, Assisted Reproduction Unit, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Sir Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, No. 3 Qingchun East Rd, Shangcheng District, Hangzhou 310016, China. ; or Songying Zhang, MD, Assisted Reproduction Unit, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Sir Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, No. 3 Qingchun East Rd, Shangcheng District, Hangzhou 310016, China.
| | - Yongdong Dai
- Correspondence: Yongdong Dai, PhD, Assisted Reproduction Unit, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Sir Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, No. 3 Qingchun East Rd, Shangcheng District, Hangzhou 310016, China. ; or Songying Zhang, MD, Assisted Reproduction Unit, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Sir Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, No. 3 Qingchun East Rd, Shangcheng District, Hangzhou 310016, China.
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George S, Cassidy RN, Saintilnord WN, Fondufe-Mittendorf Y. Epigenomic reprogramming in iAs-mediated carcinogenesis. ADVANCES IN PHARMACOLOGY (SAN DIEGO, CALIF.) 2022; 96:319-365. [PMID: 36858778 DOI: 10.1016/bs.apha.2022.08.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/03/2023]
Abstract
Arsenic is a naturally occurring metal carcinogen found in the Earth's crust. Millions of people worldwide are chronically exposed to arsenic through drinking water and food. Exposure to inorganic arsenic has been implicated in many diseases ranging from acute toxicities to malignant transformations. Despite the well-known deleterious health effects of arsenic exposure, the molecular mechanisms in arsenic-mediated carcinogenesis are not fully understood. Since arsenic is non-mutagenic, the mechanism by which arsenic causes carcinogenesis is via alterations in epigenetic-regulated gene expression. There are two possible ways by which arsenic may modify the epigenome-indirectly through an arsenic-induced generation of reactive oxygen species which then impacts chromatin remodelers, or directly through interaction and modulation of chromatin remodelers. Whether directly or indirectly, arsenic modulates epigenetic gene regulation and our understanding of the direct effect of this modulation on chromatin structure is limited. In this chapter we will discuss the various ways by which inorganic arsenic affects the epigenome with consequences in health and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Smitha George
- Department of Epigenetics, Van Andel Institute, Grand Rapids, MI, United States
| | - Richard N Cassidy
- Department of Epigenetics, Van Andel Institute, Grand Rapids, MI, United States
| | - Wesley N Saintilnord
- Department of Epigenetics, Van Andel Institute, Grand Rapids, MI, United States; Department of Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, United States
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Lou Q, Zhang M, Yang Y, Gao Y. Low-dose arsenic trioxide enhances membrane-GLUT1 expression and glucose uptake via AKT activation to support L-02 cell aberrant proliferation. Toxicology 2022; 475:153237. [PMID: 35714947 DOI: 10.1016/j.tox.2022.153237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2022] [Revised: 06/08/2022] [Accepted: 06/09/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Long term low dose exposure of arsenic has been reported to lead various cells proliferation and malignant transformation. GLUT1, as the key transporter of glucose, has been reported to have association with rapid proliferation of various cells or tumor cells. In our study, we found that low dose exposure to arsenic trioxide (0.1μmol/L As2O3) could induce an increase in glucose uptake and promote cell viability and DNA synthesis. And, 2-DG, a non-metabolized glucose analog, significantly decreased the glucose uptake and cell proliferation of 0.1μmol/L As2O3 treated L-02 cells. However, 4 mmol/L 2-DG was co-utilized with equal dose glucose had no significant effect on the cell proliferation of 0.1μmol/L As2O3 treated L-02 cells. Further studies showed that exposure to 0.1μmol/L As2O3 could promote the expression of GLUT1 on plasma membrane. Inhibition of GLUT1 expression by 5μmol/L BAY-876 significantly decreased the abilities of glucose uptake and cell proliferation in As2O3-treated L-02 cells. Moreover, 0.1μmol/L As2O3 induced the AKT activation indicated by increased the phospho-AKT (Ser473 and Thr308). Knockdown AKT by shRNA or inhibited AKT activation by LY294002 was followed by significantly decreased glucose uptake, GLUT1 plasma membrane expression and cell proliferation in As2O3-treated L-02 cells. All in all, these results demonstrated that arsenic trioxide-induced AKT activation contributed to the cells proliferation through upregulating expression of GLUT1 on plasma membrane that enhanced glucose uptake.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qun Lou
- Center for Endemic Disease Control, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150081, Heilongjiang Province, China; Key Lab of Etiology and Epidemiology, Education Bureau of Heilongjiang Province & Ministry of Health (23618504), Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150081, Heilongjiang Province, China
| | - Meichen Zhang
- Center for Endemic Disease Control, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150081, Heilongjiang Province, China; Key Lab of Etiology and Epidemiology, Education Bureau of Heilongjiang Province & Ministry of Health (23618504), Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150081, Heilongjiang Province, China
| | - Yanmei Yang
- Center for Endemic Disease Control, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150081, Heilongjiang Province, China; Key Lab of Etiology and Epidemiology, Education Bureau of Heilongjiang Province & Ministry of Health (23618504), Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150081, Heilongjiang Province, China.
| | - Yanhui Gao
- Center for Endemic Disease Control, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150081, Heilongjiang Province, China; Key Lab of Etiology and Epidemiology, Education Bureau of Heilongjiang Province & Ministry of Health (23618504), Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150081, Heilongjiang Province, China.
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Sharma V, Gangopadhyay S, Shukla S, Chauhan A, Singh S, Singh RD, Tiwari R, Singh D, Srivastava V. Prenatal exposure to arsenic promotes sterile inflammation through the Polycomb repressive element EZH2 and accelerates skin tumorigenesis in mouse. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2022; 443:116004. [DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2022.116004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2021] [Revised: 03/17/2022] [Accepted: 03/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Yu D, Zhu Z, Wang M, Ding X, Gui H, Ma J, Yan Y, Li G, Xu Q, Wang W, Mao C. Triterpenoid saponins from Ilex cornuta protect H9c2 cardiomyocytes against H2O2-induced apoptosis by modulating Ezh2 phosphorylation. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2021; 269:113691. [PMID: 33321190 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2020.113691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2020] [Revised: 12/03/2020] [Accepted: 12/08/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Ilex cornuta Lindl. et Paxt. (Aquifoliaceae family) belongs to the Ilex genus. The leaves of this plant are used for the popular herbal tea "Ku-Ding-Cha" in China due to their health benefits for sore throat, obesity and hypertension. Our previous studies have shown that the extract of Ilex cornuta root exerts cardioprotective effects in rat models of myocardial ischaemic injury, and several new kinds of triterpenoid saponins from Ilex cornuta (TSIC) have protective effects against hydrogen peroxide (H2O2)-induced cardiomyocyte injury. AIM OF THE STUDY The aim of this study was to clarify the underlying mechanisms by which TSIC protect against H2O2-induced cardiomyocyte injury. MATERIALS AND METHODS An H2O2-treated H9c2 cardiomyocyte line was used as an in vitro model of oxidation-damaged cardiomyocytes to evaluate the effects of TSIC. Apoptosis was detected with CCK-8 and annexin V assays and via analysis of the levels of apoptosis-associated proteins or genes. The underlying mechanisms related to Akt signalling, Ezh2 expression and activity, and ROS were clarified by Western blotting, quantitative PCR, flow cytometry and rescue experiments. RESULTS TSIC protected H9c2 cells from H2O2-induced apoptosis. This effect of TSIC was attributable to inhibition of Ezh2 activity, as exhibited by attenuation of H2O2-induced Akt signalling-dependent phosphorylation of Ezh2 at serine 21 (pEzh2S21) upon TSIC pretreatment. In addition, feedback pathway between Akt-dependent Ezh2 phosphorylation and ROS was involved in TSIC-mediated protection of H9c2 cells from apoptosis. CONCLUSIONS Our findings indicate a pivotal role of the pEzh2S21 network in TSIC-mediated protection against cardiomyocyte apoptosis, potentially providing evidence of the mechanism of TSIC in the treatment and prevention of cardiovascular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danhong Yu
- Department of Pharmacy, Children's Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, 215000, China
| | - Zengyan Zhu
- Department of Pharmacy, Children's Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, 215000, China
| | - Mei Wang
- Department of Pharmacy, Children's Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, 215000, China
| | - Xinyuan Ding
- Department of Pharmacy, The Affiliated Suzhou Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou, 215000, China
| | - Huan Gui
- Department of Pharmacy, Children's Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, 215000, China
| | - Jin Ma
- Department of Pharmacy, Children's Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, 215000, China
| | - Yinghui Yan
- Department of Pharmacy, Children's Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, 215000, China
| | - Gang Li
- Institute of Pediatric Research, Children's Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, 215000, China
| | - Qiongming Xu
- College of Pharmaceutical Science, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, China
| | - Wenjuan Wang
- Department of Pharmacy, Children's Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, 215000, China.
| | - Chenmei Mao
- Department of Pharmacy, Children's Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, 215000, China.
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Nguyen CH, Zeng C, Boitano S, Field JA, Sierra-Alvarez R. Cytotoxicity Assessment of Gallium- and Indium-Based Nanoparticles Toward Human Bronchial Epithelial Cells Using an Impedance-Based Real-Time Cell Analyzer. Int J Toxicol 2020; 39:218-231. [PMID: 32228215 DOI: 10.1177/1091581820914255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The semiconductor manufacturing sector plans to introduce III/V film structures (eg, gallium arsenide (GaAs), indium arsenide (InAs) onto silicon wafers due to their high electron mobility and low power consumption. Aqueous solutions generated during chemical and mechanical planarization of silicon wafers can contain a mixture of metal oxide nanoparticles (NPs) and soluble indium, gallium, and arsenic. In this work, the cytotoxicity induced by Ga- and In-based NPs (GaAs, InAs, Ga2O3, In2O3) and soluble III-V salts on human bronchial epithelial cells (16HBE14o-) was evaluated using a cell impedance real-time cell analysis (RTCA) system. The RTCA system provided inhibition data at different concentrations for multiple time points, for example, GaAs (25 mg/L) caused 60% inhibition after 8 hours of exposure and 100% growth inhibition after 24 hours. Direct testing of As(III) and As(V) demonstrated significant cytotoxicity with 50% growth inhibition concentrations after 16-hour exposure (IC50) of 2.4 and 4.5 mg/L, respectively. Cell signaling with rapid rise and decrease in signal was unique to arsenic cytotoxicity, a precursor of strong cytotoxicity over the longer term. In contrast with arsenic, soluble gallium(III) and indium(III) were less toxic. Whereas the oxide NPs caused low cytotoxicity, the arsenide compounds were highly inhibitory (IC50 of GaAs and InAs = 6.2 and 68 mg/L, respectively). Dissolution experiments over 7 days revealed that arsenic was fully leached from GaAs NPs, whereas only 10% of the arsenic was leached out of InAs NPs. These results indicate that the cytotoxicity of GaAs and InAs NPs is largely due to the dissolution of toxic arsenic species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chi H Nguyen
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | - Chao Zeng
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | - Scott Boitano
- Department of Physiology and The Asthma and Airway Disease Research Center, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | - Jim A Field
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | - Reyes Sierra-Alvarez
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
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Wang Y, Liu Y, Liu S, Wu B. Influence of Iron on Cytotoxicity and Gene Expression Profiles Induced by Arsenic in HepG2 Cells. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2019; 16:ijerph16224484. [PMID: 31739468 PMCID: PMC6888336 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph16224484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2019] [Revised: 11/11/2019] [Accepted: 11/12/2019] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
The toxicity of arsenic (As) could be influenced by many environmental factors and elements. Iron (Fe) is one of the elements that could be involved in As-induced toxicity. In this study, the interactive effects of Fe and As in HepG2 cells were analyzed based on cytotoxicity and transcriptomic analyses. The results showed that Fe could decrease cell viability and increase mitochondrial depolarization induced by As exposure. Oxidative stress and damage have been proven to be one of the main mechanisms of As toxicity. Our results showed that Fe increased the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and lipid peroxidation product malondialdehyde (MDA) induced by As exposure. Microarray analysis further verified that Fe increased the alteration of gene expression and biological processes related to oxidative stress, cell proliferation, and the apoptotic signaling pathway caused by As exposure. Both results of cytotoxicity and transcriptomic analyses suggest that an increase of Fe in the human body could increase the As-induced toxicity, which should be considered during the health risk assessment of As.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yonghua Wang
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Regulation and Resource Development on Shallow Lakes of Ministry of Education, College of Environment, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098, China;
- Correspondence:
| | - Yuxuan Liu
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Regulation and Resource Development on Shallow Lakes of Ministry of Education, College of Environment, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098, China;
| | - Su Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China; (S.L.); (B.W.)
| | - Bing Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China; (S.L.); (B.W.)
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Reactive Oxygen Species Drive Epigenetic Changes in Radiation-Induced Fibrosis. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2019; 2019:4278658. [PMID: 30881591 PMCID: PMC6381575 DOI: 10.1155/2019/4278658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2018] [Revised: 12/06/2018] [Accepted: 12/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Radiation-induced fibrosis (RIF) develops months to years after initial radiation exposure. RIF occurs when normal fibroblasts differentiate into myofibroblasts and lay down aberrant amounts of extracellular matrix proteins. One of the main drivers for developing RIF is reactive oxygen species (ROS) generated immediately after radiation exposure. Generation of ROS is known to induce epigenetic changes and cause differentiation of fibroblasts to myofibroblasts. Several antioxidant compounds have been shown to prevent radiation-induced epigenetic changes and the development of RIF. Therefore, reviewing the ROS-linked epigenetic changes in irradiated fibroblast cells is essential to understand the development and prevention of RIF.
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11
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Samavarchi Tehrani S, Mahmoodzadeh Hosseini H, Yousefi T, Abolghasemi M, Qujeq D, Maniati M, Amani J. The crosstalk between trace elements with DNA damage response, repair, and oxidative stress in cancer. J Cell Biochem 2019; 120:1080-1105. [PMID: 30378148 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.27617] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2018] [Accepted: 08/14/2018] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
DNA damage response (DDR) is a regulatory system responsible for maintaining genome integrity and stability, which can sense and transduce DNA damage signals. The severity of damage appears to determine DDRs, which can include damage repair, cell-cycle arrest, and apoptosis. Furthermore, defective components in DNA damage and repair machinery are an underlying cause for the development and progression of various types of cancers. Increasing evidence indicates that there is an association between trace elements and DDR/repair mechanisms. In fact, trace elements seem to affect mediators of DDR. Besides, it has been revealed that oxidative stress (OS) and trace elements are associated with cancer development. In this review, we discuss the role of some critical trace elements in the risk of cancer. In addition, we provide a brief introduction on DDR and OS in cancer. Finally, we will further review the interactions between some important trace elements including selenium, zinc, chromium, cadmium, and arsenic, and DDR, and OS in cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sadra Samavarchi Tehrani
- Applied Microbiology Research Center, Systems Biology and Poisonings Institute, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hamideh Mahmoodzadeh Hosseini
- Applied Microbiology Research Center, Systems Biology and Poisonings Institute, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Tooba Yousefi
- Student Research Committee, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran
| | - Maryam Abolghasemi
- Student Research Committee, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran
| | - Durdi Qujeq
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran
| | - Mahmood Maniati
- English Department, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Jafar Amani
- Applied Microbiology Research Center, Systems Biology and Poisonings Institute, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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12
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Zeng C, Nguyen C, Boitano S, Field JA, Shadman F, Sierra-Alvarez R. Cerium dioxide (CeO 2) nanoparticles decrease arsenite (As(III)) cytotoxicity to 16HBE14o- human bronchial epithelial cells. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2018; 164:452-458. [PMID: 29574255 PMCID: PMC6240918 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2018.03.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2017] [Revised: 02/24/2018] [Accepted: 03/05/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The production and application of engineered nanoparticles (NPs) are increasing in demand with the rapid development of nanotechnology. However, there are concerns that some of these novel materials could lead to emerging environmental and health problems. Some NPs are able to facilitate the transport of contaminants into cells/organisms via a "Trojan Horse" effect which enhances the toxicity of the adsorbed materials. In this work, we evaluated the toxicity of arsenite (As(III)) adsorbed onto cerium dioxide (CeO2) NPs to human bronchial epithelial cells (16HBE14o-) using the xCELLigence real time cell analyzing system (RTCA). Application of 0.5 mg/L As(III) resulted in 81.3% reduction of cell index (CI, an RTCA measure of cell toxicity) over 48 h when compared to control cells exposed to medium lacking As(III). However, when the cells were exposed to 0.5 mg/L As(III) in the presence of CeO2 NPs (250 mg/L), the CI was only reduced by 12.9% compared to the control. The CeO2 NPs had a high capacity for As(III) adsorption (20.2 mg/g CeO2) in the bioassay medium, effectively reducing dissolved As(III) in the aqueous solution and resulting in reduced toxicity. Transmission electron microscopy was used to study the transport of CeO2 NPs into 16HBE14o- cells. NP uptake via engulfment was observed and the internalized NPs accumulated in vesicles. The results demonstrate that dissolved As(III) in the aqueous solution was the decisive factor controlling As(III) toxicity of 16HBE14o- cells, and that CeO2 NPs effectively reduced available As(III) through adsorption. These data emphasize the evaluation of mixtures when assaying toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Zeng
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, The University of Arizona, P.O. Box 210011, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA
| | - Chi Nguyen
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, The University of Arizona, P.O. Box 210011, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA
| | - Scott Boitano
- Department of Physiology and The Asthma and Airway Disease Research Center, The University of Arizona, P.O. Box 245030, Tucson, AZ 85724, USA
| | - Jim A Field
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, The University of Arizona, P.O. Box 210011, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA
| | - Farhang Shadman
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, The University of Arizona, P.O. Box 210011, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA
| | - Reyes Sierra-Alvarez
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, The University of Arizona, P.O. Box 210011, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA.
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Carnosic Acid, a Natural Diterpene, Attenuates Arsenic-Induced Hepatotoxicity via Reducing Oxidative Stress, MAPK Activation, and Apoptotic Cell Death Pathway. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2018; 2018:1421438. [PMID: 29854073 PMCID: PMC5954942 DOI: 10.1155/2018/1421438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2017] [Revised: 12/19/2017] [Accepted: 03/14/2018] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
Abstract
The present studies have been executed to explore the protective mechanism of carnosic acid (CA) against NaAsO2-induced hepatic injury. CA exhibited a concentration dependent (1–4 μM) increase in cell viability against NaAsO2 (12 μM) in murine hepatocytes. NaAsO2 treatment significantly enhanced the ROS-mediated oxidative stress in the hepatic cells both in in vitro and in vivo systems. Significant activation of MAPK, NF-κB, p53, and intrinsic and extrinsic apoptotic signaling was observed in NaAsO2-exposed hepatic cells. CA could significantly counteract with redox stress and ROS-mediated signaling and thereby attenuated NaAsO2-mediated hepatotoxicity. NaAsO2 (10 mg/kg) treatment caused significant increment in the As bioaccumulation, cytosolic ATP level, DNA fragmentation, and oxidation in the liver of experimental mice (n = 6). The serum biochemical and haematological parameters were significantly altered in the NaAsO2-exposed mice (n = 6). Simultaneous treatment with CA (10 and 20 mg/kg) could significantly reinstate the NaAsO2-mediated toxicological effects in the liver. Molecular docking and dynamics predicted the possible interaction patterns and the stability of interactions between CA and signal proteins. ADME prediction anticipated the drug-likeness characteristics of CA. Hence, there would be an option to employ CA as a new therapeutic agent against As-mediated toxic manifestations in future.
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14
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Eckstein M, Rea M, Fondufe-Mittendorf YN. Transient and permanent changes in DNA methylation patterns in inorganic arsenic-mediated epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2017; 331:6-17. [PMID: 28336213 PMCID: PMC5747965 DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2017.03.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2017] [Accepted: 03/16/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Chronic low dose inorganic arsenic exposure causes cells to take on an epithelial-to-mesenchymal phenotype, which is a crucial process in carcinogenesis. Inorganic arsenic is not a mutagen and thus epigenetic alterations have been implicated in this process. Indeed, during the epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition, morphologic changes to cells correlate with changes in chromatin structure and gene expression, ultimately driving this process. However, studies on the effects of inorganic arsenic exposure/withdrawal on the epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition and the impact of epigenetic alterations in this process are limited. In this study we used high-resolution microarray analysis to measure the changes in DNA methylation in cells undergoing inorganic arsenic-induced epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition, and on the reversal of this process, after removal of the inorganic arsenic exposure. We found that cells exposed to chronic, low-dose inorganic arsenic exposure showed 30,530 sites were differentially methylated, and with inorganic arsenic withdrawal several differential methylated sites were reversed, albeit not completely. Furthermore, these changes in DNA methylation mainly correlated with changes in gene expression at most sites tested but not at all. This study suggests that DNA methylation changes on gene expression are not clear-cut and provide a platform to begin to uncover the relationship between DNA methylation and gene expression, specifically within the context of inorganic arsenic treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meredith Eckstein
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40536, USA
| | - Matthew Rea
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40536, USA
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15
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Mengdan L, Chen W, Jieyu L, Peiyu J, Fei W, Shengnan L, Shuhua X. Low concentration arsenite activated JAK2/STAT3 signal and increased proliferative factor expressions in SV-HUC-1cells after short and long time treatment. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY 2017; 32:2154-2162. [PMID: 28444938 DOI: 10.1002/tox.22428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2016] [Revised: 04/04/2017] [Accepted: 04/06/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Epidemiological studies have indicated that ingestion of inorganic arsenic resulted in increased risks of bladder cancer and chronic hyperproliferation could play a direct role in the development of cancer. This study examined the effects of arsenite on JAK2/STAT3 pathway and expressions of proliferation and anti-apoptosis factors. The results showed that long term exposure to low doses arsenite enhanced human uroepithelial cells (SV-HUC-1 cells) proliferation and BrdU positive rate was significant increased. mRNA and protein expressions of proliferation factors, such as cyclin D1, COX-2, and proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA), increased in chronically exposed arsenite SV-HUC-1 cells with exposure time. Furthermore, JAK2/STAT3 signal pathway was activated following exposure to arsenite in SV-HUC-1 cells. Knockdown of STAT3 reduced expressions of cyclin D1, COX-2, PCNA, and BCL2 induced by arsenite. In conclusion, arsenic induced proliferation in human uroepithelial cells after short and long term exposure to arsenite and JAK2/STAT3 signaling pathway might be pivotal in arsenite-induced proliferation by regulating cyclin D1, COX-2, PCNA, and BCL2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Mengdan
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory of Arsenic Biological Effect and Poisoning, School of Public Health, China Medical University, No. 77 Puhe Road, Shenyang North New Area, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, 110122, People's Republic of China
| | - Wang Chen
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory of Arsenic Biological Effect and Poisoning, School of Public Health, China Medical University, No. 77 Puhe Road, Shenyang North New Area, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, 110122, People's Republic of China
| | - Liu Jieyu
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory of Arsenic Biological Effect and Poisoning, School of Public Health, China Medical University, No. 77 Puhe Road, Shenyang North New Area, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, 110122, People's Republic of China
| | - Jin Peiyu
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory of Arsenic Biological Effect and Poisoning, School of Public Health, China Medical University, No. 77 Puhe Road, Shenyang North New Area, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, 110122, People's Republic of China
| | - Wang Fei
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory of Arsenic Biological Effect and Poisoning, School of Public Health, China Medical University, No. 77 Puhe Road, Shenyang North New Area, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, 110122, People's Republic of China
| | - Liu Shengnan
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory of Arsenic Biological Effect and Poisoning, School of Public Health, China Medical University, No. 77 Puhe Road, Shenyang North New Area, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, 110122, People's Republic of China
| | - Xi Shuhua
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory of Arsenic Biological Effect and Poisoning, School of Public Health, China Medical University, No. 77 Puhe Road, Shenyang North New Area, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, 110122, People's Republic of China
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16
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Kietzmann T, Petry A, Shvetsova A, Gerhold JM, Görlach A. The epigenetic landscape related to reactive oxygen species formation in the cardiovascular system. Br J Pharmacol 2017; 174:1533-1554. [PMID: 28332701 PMCID: PMC5446579 DOI: 10.1111/bph.13792] [Citation(s) in RCA: 146] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2016] [Revised: 03/06/2017] [Accepted: 03/08/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular diseases are among the leading causes of death worldwide. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) can act as damaging molecules but also represent central hubs in cellular signalling networks. Increasing evidence indicates that ROS play an important role in the pathogenesis of cardiovascular diseases, although the underlying mechanisms and consequences of pathophysiologically elevated ROS in the cardiovascular system are still not completely resolved. More recently, alterations of the epigenetic landscape, which can affect DNA methylation, post-translational histone modifications, ATP-dependent alterations to chromatin and non-coding RNA transcripts, have been considered to be of increasing importance in the pathogenesis of cardiovascular diseases. While it has long been accepted that epigenetic changes are imprinted during development or even inherited and are not changed after reaching the lineage-specific expression profile, it becomes more and more clear that epigenetic modifications are highly dynamic. Thus, they might provide an important link between the actions of ROS and cardiovascular diseases. This review will provide an overview of the role of ROS in modulating the epigenetic landscape in the context of the cardiovascular system. LINKED ARTICLES This article is part of a themed section on Redox Biology and Oxidative Stress in Health and Disease. To view the other articles in this section visit http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/bph.v174.12/issuetoc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Kietzmann
- Faculty of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, Biocenter OuluUniversity of OuluOuluFinland
| | - Andreas Petry
- Experimental and Molecular Pediatric CardiologyGerman Heart Center Munich at the TU MunichMunichGermany
- DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research)Partner Site Munich Heart AllianceMunichGermany
| | - Antonina Shvetsova
- Faculty of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, Biocenter OuluUniversity of OuluOuluFinland
| | - Joachim M Gerhold
- Institute of Molecular and Cell BiologyUniversity of TartuTartuEstonia
| | - Agnes Görlach
- Experimental and Molecular Pediatric CardiologyGerman Heart Center Munich at the TU MunichMunichGermany
- DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research)Partner Site Munich Heart AllianceMunichGermany
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17
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Chen QY, Brocato J, Laulicht F, Costa M. Mechanisms of Nickel Carcinogenesis. ESSENTIAL AND NON-ESSENTIAL METALS 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-55448-8_8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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18
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Chen X, Hao A, Li X, Du Z, Li H, Wang H, Yang H, Fang Z. Melatonin inhibits tumorigenicity of glioblastoma stem-like cells via the AKT-EZH2-STAT3 signaling axis. J Pineal Res 2016; 61:208-17. [PMID: 27121240 DOI: 10.1111/jpi.12341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2016] [Accepted: 04/26/2016] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Glioblastoma stem-like cells (GSCs) displaying self-renewing and tumor-propagating capacity play a particularly important role in maintaining tumor growth, therapeutic resistance, and tumor recurrence. Therefore, new therapeutic strategies focusing on impairing GSC maintenance are urgently needed. Here, we used GSCs isolated from surgical specimens from patients with glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) to study the roles and underlying mechanisms associated with melatonin in GSC biology. The results showed that melatonin directly targeted glioma tumor cells by altering GSC biology and inhibiting GSC proliferation. Additionally, melatonin altered profile of transcription factors to inhibit tumor initiation and propagation. Furthermore, EZH2 S21 phosphorylation and EZH2-STAT3 interaction in GSCs were impaired following melatonin treatment. These results suggested that melatonin attenuated multiple key signals involved in GSC self-renewal and survival, and further supported melatonin as a promising GBM therapeutic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xueran Chen
- Center of Medical Physics and Technology, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, Anhui, China
- Cancer Hospital, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Aijun Hao
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Experimental Teratology, Shandong University School of Medicine, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Xian Li
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Experimental Teratology, Shandong University School of Medicine, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Zhaoxia Du
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Experimental Teratology, Shandong University School of Medicine, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Hao Li
- Center of Medical Physics and Technology, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Hongzhi Wang
- Center of Medical Physics and Technology, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, Anhui, China
- Cancer Hospital, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Haoran Yang
- Cancer Hospital, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Zhiyou Fang
- Center of Medical Physics and Technology, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, Anhui, China
- Cancer Hospital, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, Anhui, China
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19
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Li Y, Li J, Huang H, Yang M, Zhuang D, Cheng X, Zhang H, Fu X. Microcystin-LR induces mitochondria-mediated apoptosis in human bronchial epithelial cells. Exp Ther Med 2016; 12:633-640. [PMID: 27446254 PMCID: PMC4950845 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2016.3423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2015] [Accepted: 04/11/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The present study aimed to investigate the toxicity of microcystin-LR (MC-LR) and to explore the mechanism of MC-LR-induced apoptosis in human bronchial epithelial (HBE) cells. HBE cells were treated with MC-LR (1, 10, 20, 30 and 40 µg/ml) alone or with MC-LR (0, 2.5, 5 and 10 µg/ml) and Z-VAD-FMK (0, 10, 20, 40, 60, 80, 100, 120 and 140 µM), which is a caspase inhibitor, for 24 and 48 h. Cell viability was assessed via an MTT assay and the half maximal effective concentration of MC-LR was determined. The optimal concentration of Z-VAD-FMK was established as 50 µm, which was then used in the subsequent experiments. MC-LR significantly inhibited cell viability and induced apoptosis of HBE cells in a dose-dependent manner, as detected by an Annexin V/propidium iodide assay. MC-LR induced cell apoptosis, excess reactive oxygen species production and mitochondrial membrane potential collapse, upregulated Bax expression and downregulated B-cell lymphoma-2 expression in HBE cells. Moreover, western blot analysis demonstrated that MC-LR increased the activity levels of caspase-3 and caspase-9 and induced cytochrome c release into the cytoplasm, suggesting that MC-LR-induced apoptosis is associated with the mitochondrial pathway. Furthermore, pretreatment with Z-VAD-FMK reduced MC-LR-induced apoptosis by blocking caspase activation in HBE cells. Therefore, the results of the present study suggested that MC-LR is capable of significantly inhibiting the viability of HBE cells by inducing apoptosis in a mitochondria-dependent manner. The present study provides a foundation for further understanding the mechanism underlying the toxicity of MC-LR in the respiratory system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Li
- College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450001, P.R. China
| | - Jinhui Li
- Henan Science and Technology Exchange Center with Foreign Countries, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450003, P.R. China
| | - Hui Huang
- College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450001, P.R. China
| | - Mingfeng Yang
- College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450001, P.R. China
| | - Donggang Zhuang
- College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450001, P.R. China
| | - Xuemin Cheng
- College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450001, P.R. China
| | - Huizhen Zhang
- College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450001, P.R. China
| | - Xiaoli Fu
- College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450001, P.R. China
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20
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Sun S, Yu F, Zhang L, Zhou X. EZH2, an on–off valve in signal network of tumor cells. Cell Signal 2016; 28:481-487. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2016.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2016] [Accepted: 02/08/2016] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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21
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Li L, Lu Y, Stemmer PM, Chen F. Filamin A phosphorylation by Akt promotes cell migration in response to arsenic. Oncotarget 2016; 6:12009-19. [PMID: 25944616 PMCID: PMC4494919 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.3617] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2015] [Accepted: 03/14/2015] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
We had previously reported that trivalent arsenic (As3+), a well-known environmental carcinogen, induces phosphorylation of several putative Akt substrates. In the present report, we characterized one of these substrates by immunoprecipitation and proteomics analysis. The results indicate that a cytoskeleton remodeling protein, filamin A, with a molecular weight around 280 kDa, is phosphorylated by Akt in HEK-293 cells treated with As3+, which was also confirmed in human bronchial epithelial cell line, BEAS-2B cells. Additional biochemical and biological studies revealed that serine 2152 (S2152) of filamin A is phosphorylated by activated Akt in the cells treated with As3+. To further confirm the importance of Akt-dependent filamin A S2152 phosphorylation in As3+-induced cell migration, we over-expressed either wild type filamin A or the mutated filamin A in which the S2152 was substituted with alanine (S2152A). The capability of cell migration was reduced significantly in the cells expressing the mutated filamin A (S2152A). Clinically, we found that increased expression of filamin A predicts poorer overall survival of the lung cancer patients with adenocarcinoma. Thus, these data suggest that Akt dependent filamin A phosphorylation is one of the key events in mediating As3+-induced carcinogenesis. Antagonizing Akt signaling can ameliorate As3+-induced filamin A phosphorylation and cell migration, which may serve as a molecular targeting strategy for malignancies associated with environmental As3+ exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lingzhi Li
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Eugene Applebaum College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 48201, USA
| | - Yongju Lu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Eugene Applebaum College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 48201, USA
| | - Paul M Stemmer
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Eugene Applebaum College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 48201, USA.,The Proteomics Core and Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, School of Medicine, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 48201, USA
| | - Fei Chen
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Eugene Applebaum College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 48201, USA
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22
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Yu H, Liu S, Li M, Wu B. Influence of diet, vitamin, tea, trace elements and exogenous antioxidants on arsenic metabolism and toxicity. ENVIRONMENTAL GEOCHEMISTRY AND HEALTH 2016; 38:339-351. [PMID: 26169729 DOI: 10.1007/s10653-015-9742-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2014] [Accepted: 07/02/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Health risk of arsenic (As) has received increasing attention. Acute and chronic exposure to As could cause several detrimental effects on human health. As toxicity is closely related to its bioaccessibility and metabolism. In real environment, many factors, such as diet and nutrition, can influence As bioaccessibility, metabolism and toxicity. This paper mainly reviews the influences of diets and elements on As bioaccessibility, metabolism and toxicity and their underlying mechanisms to provide suggestions for future investigations. Vitamins, jaggery, fruit, tea, glutathione, N-acetylcysteine and zinc could reduce the As-induced toxicity by increasing antioxidative enzymes to antagonize oxidative stress caused by As and/or increasing As methylation. However, bean and betel nut could increase risk of skin lesions caused by As. Interestingly, high-fat diet, selenium and iron have incompatible effects on As bioaccessibility, metabolism and toxicity in different experimental conditions. Based on current literatures, the As methylation and As-induced oxidative damage might be two main ways that the diets and elements influence As toxicity. Combined application of in vitro human cell lines and gastrointestinal models might be useful tools to simultaneously characterize the changes in As bioaccessibility and toxicity in the future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haiyan Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, People's Republic of China
| | - Su Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, People's Republic of China
| | - Mei Li
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, People's Republic of China
| | - Bing Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, People's Republic of China.
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23
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Li L, Chen F. Oxidative stress, epigenetics, and cancer stem cells in arsenic carcinogenesis and prevention. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016; 2:57-63. [PMID: 27134817 DOI: 10.1007/s40495-016-0049-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
The carcinogenic role of arsenic has been extensively studied for more than half century. How arsenic causes human cancer, however, remains to be fully elucidated. In this brief review, we focus our attentions on the most recent discoveries by us and others on the capabilities of arsenic in inducing generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), expression of microRNAs (miRNAs) and the generation of the cancer stem cells. We believe that these new understandings on the mechanisms of arsenic-induced carcinogenesis will shed light on the prevention and treatment of human cancers resulted from environmental or occupational arsenic exposure. Furthermore, these latest findings on arsenic-induced cellular responses will also have an important impact on the investigation of the carcinogenic effects of other environmental or occupational carcinogens or hazards.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lingzhi Li
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Eugene Applebaum College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Wayne State University, 259 Mack Avenue, Detroit, MI 48201
| | - Fei Chen
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Eugene Applebaum College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Wayne State University, 259 Mack Avenue, Detroit, MI 48201
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24
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Thakur C, Chen F. Current understanding of mdig/MINA in human cancers. Genes Cancer 2015; 6:288-302. [PMID: 26413213 PMCID: PMC4575916 DOI: 10.18632/genesandcancer.73] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2015] [Accepted: 08/05/2015] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Mineral dust-induced gene, mdig has recently been identified and is known to be overexpressed in a majority of human cancers and holds predictive power in the poor prognosis of the disease. Mdig is an environmentally expressed gene that is involved in cell proliferation, neoplastic transformation and immune regulation. With the advancement in deciphering the prognostic role of mdig in human cancers, our understanding on how mdig renders a normal cell to undergo malignant transformation is still very limited. This article reviews the current knowledge of the mdig gene in context to human neoplasias and its relation to the clinico-pathologic factors predicting the outcome of the disease in patients. It also emphasizes on the promising role of mdig that can serve as a potential candidate for biomarker discovery and as a therapeutic target in inflammation and cancers. Considering the recent advances in understanding the underlying mechanisms of tumor formation, more preclinical and clinical research is required to validate the potential of using mdig as a novel biological target of therapeutic and diagnostic value.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chitra Thakur
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Eugene Applebaum College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Fei Chen
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Eugene Applebaum College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, USA
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25
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Wu J, Zhao S, Tang Q, Zheng F, Chen Y, Yang L, Yang X, Li L, Wu W, Hann SS. Activation of SAPK/JNK mediated the inhibition and reciprocal interaction of DNA methyltransferase 1 and EZH2 by ursolic acid in human lung cancer cells. J Exp Clin Cancer Res 2015; 34:99. [PMID: 26362062 PMCID: PMC4567809 DOI: 10.1186/s13046-015-0215-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2015] [Accepted: 09/01/2015] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Ursolic acid (UA), a pentacyclic triterpenoid, is known to have anti-tumor activity in various cancers including human non small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). However, the molecular mechanisms underlying the action of UA remain largely unknown. METHODS Cell viability was measured by MTT assays. Apoptosis was analyzed with Annexin V-FITC/PI Apoptosis Detection Kit by Flow cytometry. Western blot analysis was performed to measure the phosphorylation and protein expression of stress-activated protein kinase/c-Jun N-terminal kinase (SAPK/JNK), DNMT1 [DNA (cytosine-5)-methyltransferase 1], enhancer of zeste 2 polycomb repressive complex 2 subunit (EZH2) and SP1. Exogenous expression of SP1 and DNMT1 was carried out by transient transfection assays. RESULTS We showed that UA inhibited the growth and induced apoptosis of NSCLC cells in the dose- and time-dependent fashion. Furthermore, we found that UA induced phosphorylation of SAPK/JNK and suppressed the protein expression of DNMT1 and EZH2. The inhibitor of SAPK/JNK (SP600125) blocked the UA-reduced expression of DNMT1 and EZH2. In addition, UA suppressed the expression of SP1 protein. Conversely, overexpression of SP1 reversed the effect of UA on DNMT1 and EZH2 expression, and feedback attenuated UA-induced phosphorylation of SAPK/JNK. Moreover, exogenous expression of DNMT1 antagonized the effect of UA on SAPK/JNK signaling, EZH2 protein expression, and NSCLC cell growth. CONCLUSION Our results show that UA inhibits growth of NSCLC cells through SAPK/JNK-mediated inhibition of SP1; this in turn results in inhibition the expression of DNMT1 and EZH2. Overexpression of DNMT1 diminishes UA-reduced EZH2 protein expression. The negative feedback regulation of SAPK/JNK signaling by SP1 and DNMT1, and the reciprocal interaction of EZH2 and DNMT1 contribute to the overall effects of UA. This study leads to important new insights into the mechanisms by which UA controls growth of NSCLC cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingjing Wu
- Laboratory of Tumor Molecular Biology and Targeted Therapies, Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine, The Second Clinical Medical Collage, University of Guangzhou Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510120, Guangdong Province, P. R. China
| | - Shunyu Zhao
- Laboratory of Tumor Molecular Biology and Targeted Therapies, Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine, The Second Clinical Medical Collage, University of Guangzhou Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510120, Guangdong Province, P. R. China
| | - Qing Tang
- Laboratory of Tumor Molecular Biology and Targeted Therapies, Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine, The Second Clinical Medical Collage, University of Guangzhou Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510120, Guangdong Province, P. R. China
| | - Fang Zheng
- Laboratory of Tumor Molecular Biology and Targeted Therapies, Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine, The Second Clinical Medical Collage, University of Guangzhou Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510120, Guangdong Province, P. R. China
| | - YuQin Chen
- Laboratory of Tumor Molecular Biology and Targeted Therapies, Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine, The Second Clinical Medical Collage, University of Guangzhou Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510120, Guangdong Province, P. R. China
| | - LiJun Yang
- Laboratory of Tumor Molecular Biology and Targeted Therapies, Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine, The Second Clinical Medical Collage, University of Guangzhou Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510120, Guangdong Province, P. R. China
| | - Xiaobing Yang
- Department of Medical Oncology, Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine, The Second Clinical Medical Collage, University of Guangzhou Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, 510120, P. R. China
| | - Liuning Li
- Department of Medical Oncology, Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine, The Second Clinical Medical Collage, University of Guangzhou Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, 510120, P. R. China
| | - WanYin Wu
- Department of Medical Oncology, Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine, The Second Clinical Medical Collage, University of Guangzhou Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, 510120, P. R. China
| | - Swei Sunny Hann
- Laboratory of Tumor Molecular Biology and Targeted Therapies, Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine, The Second Clinical Medical Collage, University of Guangzhou Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510120, Guangdong Province, P. R. China.
- , No. 55, Neihuan West Road, Higher Education Mega Center, Panyu District, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, 510006, P. R. China.
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Chen C, Jiang X, Lai Y, Liu Y, Zhang Z. Resveratrol protects against arsenic trioxide-induced oxidative damage through maintenance of glutathione homeostasis and inhibition of apoptotic progression. ENVIRONMENTAL AND MOLECULAR MUTAGENESIS 2015; 56:333-46. [PMID: 25339131 PMCID: PMC4376608 DOI: 10.1002/em.21919] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2014] [Accepted: 10/07/2014] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Arsenic trioxide (As2 O3 ) is commonly used to treat acute promyelocytic leukemia and solid tumors. However, the clinical application of the agent is limited by its cyto- and genotoxic effects on normal cells. Thus, relief of As2 O3 toxicity in normal cells is essentially necessary for improvement of As2 O3 -mediated chemotherapy. In this study, we have identified a series of protective effects of resveratrol against As2 O3 -induced oxidative damage in normal human bronchial epithelial (HBE) cells. We showed that treatment of HBE cells with resveratrol significantly reduced cellular levels of DNA damage, chromosomal breakage, and apoptosis induced by As2 O3 . The effect of resveratrol against DNA damage was associated with a decreased level of reactive oxygen species and lipid peroxidation in cells treated by As2 O3 , suggesting that resveratrol protects against As2 O3 toxicity via a cellular anti-oxidative stress pathway. Further analysis of the roles of resveratrol demonstrated that it modulated biosynthesis, recycling, and consumption of glutathione (GSH), thereby promoting GSH homeostasis in HBE cells treated by As2 O3 . This was further supported by results showing that resveratrol prevented an increase in the activities and levels of caspases, Fas, Fas-L, and cytochrome c proteins induced by As2 O3 . Our study indicates that resveratrol relieves As2 O3 -induced oxidative damage in normal human lung cells via maintenance of GSH homeostasis and suppression of apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chengzhi Chen
- Department of Environmental Health, West China School of Public Health, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Xuejun Jiang
- Department of Environmental Health, West China School of Public Health, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Yanhao Lai
- Department of Environmental Health, West China School of Public Health, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Florida International University, Miami, Florida, USA
| | - Yuan Liu
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Florida International University, Miami, Florida, USA
- Biomolecular Sciences Institute, Florida International University, Miami, Florida, USA
- Corresponding authors: Zunzhen Zhang, M.D., Ph.D., Department of Environmental Health, West China School of Public Health, Sichuan University, No. 16, Section 3, Renmin Nan Road, Chengdu 610041, People's Republic of China. ; ; Tel: +86 028 85501298; Fax: +86 028 85501295, Yuan Liu, M.D., Ph.D., Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Florida International University, 11200 SW 8 Street, Miami, Florida, 33199, USA. ; Tel: 305-348-3628
| | - Zunzhen Zhang
- Department of Environmental Health, West China School of Public Health, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
- Corresponding authors: Zunzhen Zhang, M.D., Ph.D., Department of Environmental Health, West China School of Public Health, Sichuan University, No. 16, Section 3, Renmin Nan Road, Chengdu 610041, People's Republic of China. ; ; Tel: +86 028 85501298; Fax: +86 028 85501295, Yuan Liu, M.D., Ph.D., Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Florida International University, 11200 SW 8 Street, Miami, Florida, 33199, USA. ; Tel: 305-348-3628
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Epigallocatechin-3-gallate enhances the therapeutic effects of leptomycin B on human lung cancer a549 cells. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2015; 2015:217304. [PMID: 25922640 PMCID: PMC4397486 DOI: 10.1155/2015/217304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2014] [Revised: 03/16/2015] [Accepted: 03/17/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Our previous studies have shown Leptomycin B (LMB) is a promising antilung cancer drug. Epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG) has antitumor properties but a debatable clinical application. The objective of this study is to evaluate the combination therapeutic effect of LMB and EGCG and its molecular mechanisms in human lung cancer A549 cells. Increased cytotoxicity was observed in LMB+EGCG-treated cells compared to LMB-treated cells. Elevated ROS was maximized 2 h after treatment, and LMB+EGCG-treated cells had higher ROS levels compared to LMB. N-Acetyl-L-cysteine (NAC) studies confirmed the oxidative role of LMB and/or EGCG treatment. In comparison to the control, CYP3A4, SOD, GPX1, and p21 mRNA expression levels were increased 7.1-, 2.0-, 4.6-, and 13.1-fold in LMB-treated cells, respectively, while survivin was decreased 42.6-fold. Additionally, these increases of CYP3A4, SOD, and GPX1 were significantly reduced, while p21 was significantly increased in LMB+EGCG-treated cells compared to LMB-treated cells. The qRT-PCR results for p21 and survivin were further confirmed by Western blot. Our study first shows that LMB produces ROS and is possibly metabolized by CYP3A4, GPX1, and SOD in A549 cells, and combination treatment of LMB and EGCG augments LMB-induced cytotoxicity through enhanced ROS production and the modulation of drug metabolism and p21/survivin pathways.
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Zhao F, Klimecki WT. Culture conditions profoundly impact phenotype in BEAS-2B, a human pulmonary epithelial model. J Appl Toxicol 2014; 35:945-51. [PMID: 25524072 DOI: 10.1002/jat.3094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2014] [Revised: 10/13/2014] [Accepted: 10/27/2014] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
BEAS-2B, an immortalized, human lung epithelial cell line, has been used to model pulmonary epithelial function for over 30 years. The BEAS-2B phenotype can be modulated by culture conditions that include the presence or absence of fetal bovine serum (FBS). The popularity of BEAS-2B as a model of arsenic toxicology, and the common use of BEAS-2B cultured both with and without FBS, led us to investigate the impact of FBS on BEAS-2B in the context of arsenic toxicology. Comparison of genome-wide gene expression in BEAS-2B cultured with or without FBS revealed altered expression in several biological pathways, including those related to carcinogenesis and energy metabolism. Real-time measurements of oxygen consumption and glycolysis in BEAS-2B demonstrated that FBS culture conditions were associated with a 1.4-fold increase in total glycolytic capacity, a 1.9-fold increase in basal respiration, a 2.0-fold increase in oxygen consumed for ATP production and a 2.8-fold increase in maximal respiration, compared with BEAS-2B cultured without FBS. Comparisons of the transcriptome changes in BEAS-2B resulting from FBS exposure to the transcriptome changes resulting from exposure to 1 μM sodium arsenite revealed that mRNA levels of 43% of the arsenite-modulated genes were also modulated by FBS. Cytotoxicity studies revealed that BEAS-2B cells exposed to 5% FBS for 8 weeks were almost 5 times more sensitive to arsenite cytotoxicity than non-FBS-exposed BEAS-2B cells. Phenotype changes induced in BEAS-2B by FBS suggest that culture conditions should be carefully considered when using BEAS-2B as an experimental model of arsenic toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fei Zhao
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, 85724, USA
| | - Walter T Klimecki
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, 85724, USA
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Brocato J, Fang L, Chervona Y, Chen D, Kiok K, Sun H, Tseng HC, Xu D, Shamy M, Jin C, Costa M. Arsenic induces polyadenylation of canonical histone mRNA by down-regulating stem-loop-binding protein gene expression. J Biol Chem 2014; 289:31751-31764. [PMID: 25266719 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m114.591883] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
The replication-dependent histone genes are the only metazoan genes whose messenger RNA (mRNA) does not terminate with a poly(A) tail at the 3'-end. Instead, the histone mRNAs display a stem-loop structure at their 3'-end. Stem-loop-binding protein (SLBP) binds the stem-loop and regulates canonical histone mRNA metabolism. Here we report that exposure to arsenic, a carcinogenic metal, decreased cellular levels of SLBP by inducing its proteasomal degradation and inhibiting SLBP transcription via epigenetic mechanisms. Notably, arsenic exposure dramatically increased polyadenylation of canonical histone H3.1 mRNA possibly through down-regulation of SLBP expression. The polyadenylated H3.1 mRNA induced by arsenic was not susceptible to normal degradation that occurs at the end of S phase, resulting in continued presence into mitosis, increased total H3.1 mRNA, and increased H3 protein levels. Excess expression of canonical histones have been shown to increase sensitivity to DNA damage as well as increase the frequency of missing chromosomes and induce genomic instability. Thus, polyadenylation of canonical histone mRNA following arsenic exposure may contribute to arsenic-induced carcinogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jason Brocato
- Department of Environmental Medicine, New York University School of Medicine, New York, New York 10016 and
| | - Lei Fang
- Department of Environmental Medicine, New York University School of Medicine, New York, New York 10016 and
| | - Yana Chervona
- Department of Environmental Medicine, New York University School of Medicine, New York, New York 10016 and
| | - Danqi Chen
- Department of Environmental Medicine, New York University School of Medicine, New York, New York 10016 and
| | - Kathrin Kiok
- Department of Environmental Medicine, New York University School of Medicine, New York, New York 10016 and
| | - Hong Sun
- Department of Environmental Medicine, New York University School of Medicine, New York, New York 10016 and
| | - Hsiang-Chi Tseng
- Department of Environmental Medicine, New York University School of Medicine, New York, New York 10016 and
| | - Dazhong Xu
- Department of Environmental Medicine, New York University School of Medicine, New York, New York 10016 and
| | - Magdy Shamy
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Meteorology, Environment, and Arid Land Agriculture, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21432, Saudi Arabia
| | - Chunyuan Jin
- Department of Environmental Medicine, New York University School of Medicine, New York, New York 10016 and.
| | - Max Costa
- Department of Environmental Medicine, New York University School of Medicine, New York, New York 10016 and
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