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Li W, Ma L, Shi Y, Wang J, Yin J, Wang D, Luo K, Liu R. Meiosis-mediated reproductive toxicity by fenitrothion in Caenorhabditis elegans from metabolomic perspective. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2023; 253:114680. [PMID: 36857914 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2023.114680] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2022] [Revised: 02/18/2023] [Accepted: 02/21/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Fenitrothion (FNT), an organophosphorus insecticide, is widely detected in the living environment. The reproductive and endocrine toxicity of FNT to biological communities has been ever reported, but potential mechanism and reproductive toxicity dose effect remain unclear. In our study, we constructed Caenorhabditis elegans model to analyze the reproductive toxicity mechanism of FNT based on metabolomics and evaluated its reproductive toxicity dose effect using benchmark dose (BMD)method. Our results showed that FNT exposure significantly reduced brood size, number of germ cells, and delayed gonadal development in nematodes. Non-targeted metabolomics revealed that FNT exposure caused significant metabolic disturbances in nematodes, leading to a significant reduction in the synthesis of cortisol and melatonin, and the latter played a mediating role in the effects of FNT on number of germ cells. We further found that the levels of these two hormones were significantly negative correlated with the expression of the androgen receptor nhr-69 and affected the meiosis of germ cells by regulating the nhr-69/ fbf-1/2 /gld-3 /fog-1/3 pathway. Meanwhile, the study found the BMDL10s for N2 and him-5 mutant were 0.411 μg/L by number of germ cells and 0.396 μg/L by number of germ cells in the meiotic zone, respectively, providing a more protective reference dose for ecological risk assessment of FNT. This study suggested that FNT can affect androgen receptor expression by inhibiting cortisol and melatonin secretion, which further mediate the meiotic pathway to affect sperm formation and exert reproductive toxicity, and provides a basis for setting reproductive toxicity limits for FNT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weixi Li
- Key Laboratory of Environment Medicine Engineering, Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Lingyi Ma
- Key Laboratory of Environment Medicine Engineering, Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Yingchi Shi
- Key Laboratory of Environment Medicine Engineering, Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Jia Wang
- Key Laboratory of Environment Medicine Engineering, Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Jiechen Yin
- Key Laboratory of Environment Medicine Engineering, Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Dayong Wang
- School of Medical, Southeast University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Kai Luo
- Key Laboratory of Environment Medicine Engineering, Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing 210009, China.
| | - Ran Liu
- Key Laboratory of Environment Medicine Engineering, Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing 210009, China.
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Abd-Elhakim YM, Moustafa GG, El-Sharkawy NI, Hussein MMA, Ghoneim MH, El Deib MM. The ameliorative effect of curcumin on hepatic CYP1A1 and CYP1A2 genes dysregulation and hepatorenal damage induced by fenitrothion oral intoxication in male rats. PESTICIDE BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY 2021; 179:104959. [PMID: 34802538 DOI: 10.1016/j.pestbp.2021.104959] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2021] [Revised: 08/18/2021] [Accepted: 08/24/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
This research aimed to assess curcumin (CUR) effects on fenitrothion (FNT), a broad-spectrum organophosphate insecticide, -induced hepatorenal damage. Thirty adult male Wistar rats were allocated at random to five equal groups orally administered distilled water containing 1% carboxyl methylcellulose, corn oil (1 mL/rat), CUR (100 mg/kg b.wt.), FNT (5 mg/kg b.wt.), or CUR + FNT. CUR and FNT were dosed three times a week for two months. At the end of this trial, blood and tissue samples (liver and kidney) were subjected to molecular, biochemical, and histopathological assessments. The results revealed that CUR significantly diminished the FNT-induced up-regulation of hepatic CYP1A1 and CYP1A2 transcriptional levels. Moreover, CUR significantly suppressed the increment of the serum levels of hepatic alanine aminotransferase, gamma-glutamyl transferase, and kidney damage indicators (urea and creatinine) in FNT-intoxicated rats. Furthermore, in the hepatic and renal tissues, CUR remarkably restored the FNT-associated depletion of the antioxidant enzymes (glutathione peroxidase, glutathione reductase, glutathione S transferase, catalase, and superoxide dismutase). In addition, CUR notably reduced the FNT-induced increment in malondialdehyde content in the hepatic and renal tissues. Besides, the pathological aberrations in liver and kidney tissues resulting from FNT exposure were significantly abolished in FNT + CUR treated rats. Overall, CUR could be an effective ameliorative agent against negative pesticide impacts like FNT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasmina M Abd-Elhakim
- Department of Forensic Medicine and Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, Egypt.
| | - Gihan G Moustafa
- Department of Forensic Medicine and Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, Egypt
| | - Nabela I El-Sharkawy
- Department of Forensic Medicine and Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, Egypt
| | - Mohamed M A Hussein
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
| | - Mervat H Ghoneim
- Department of Forensic Medicine and Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, Egypt
| | - Maha M El Deib
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
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Yusoff NA, Taib IS, Budin SB, Mohamed M. Paternal Fenitrothion Exposures in Rats Causes Sperm DNA Fragmentation in F0 and Histomorphometric Changes in Selected Organs of F1 Generation. TOXICS 2021; 9:toxics9070159. [PMID: 34357902 PMCID: PMC8309826 DOI: 10.3390/toxics9070159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2021] [Revised: 06/27/2021] [Accepted: 07/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
The adverse effects of maternal pesticides exposure on the progeny is very well established. However, the impact of paternal exposure to pesticides such as Fenitrothion (FNT) on the histomorphometry of progeny’s organs in unexposed mothers are much less well studied. Therefore, this study aims to evaluate the effects of paternal FNT exposure on the sperm quality of the parent rat and its effects on the histomorphometry of the progeny’s organs. Randomly, male Sprague Dawley rats (n = 24) categorized as F0 were distributed equally into three groups namely Control, FNT-10, and FNT-20. Control received 1 mL/kg corn oil while FNT-10 and FNT-20 received 10 mg/kg and 20 mg/kg of FNT, respectively, via oral force feeding for 28 consecutive days. At the end of the study, male rats were mated with unexposed female rats and the male rats were sacrificed to obtain sperm for sperm characterization and DNA damage evaluation. Meanwhile, the rats’ progeny (F1) namely pControl, pFNT-10, and pFNT-20 were left to grow until postnatal day 70 before being sacrificed to obtain the matured organs for histology and morphometric analysis. Our results showed that both doses of FNT reduced sperm quality and caused DNA fragmentation in F0 rats compared with the control group (p < 0.05). The number of Leydig cells as well as the diameter of the seminiferous tubules and glomerulus of the pFNT-20 group had significantly decreased (p < 0.05) compared with the pControl group. The Bowman’s space of the pFNT-20 group had significantly increased (p < 0.05) compared with the pFNT-10 and pControl groups. Therefore, paternal exposure to FNT reduced the sperm quality and increased sperm DNA fragmentation in F0 male Sprague Dawley rats and altered the histology and morphometry of the selected organs in the F1 progeny.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nur Afizah Yusoff
- Biomedical Science Programme, Centre of Diagnostic, Therapeutic and Investigative Studies, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Jalan Raja Muda Abdul Aziz, Kuala Lumpur 50300, Malaysia; (N.A.Y.); (S.B.B.)
| | - Izatus Shima Taib
- Biomedical Science Programme, Centre of Diagnostic, Therapeutic and Investigative Studies, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Jalan Raja Muda Abdul Aziz, Kuala Lumpur 50300, Malaysia; (N.A.Y.); (S.B.B.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +60-392-897-608
| | - Siti Balkis Budin
- Biomedical Science Programme, Centre of Diagnostic, Therapeutic and Investigative Studies, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Jalan Raja Muda Abdul Aziz, Kuala Lumpur 50300, Malaysia; (N.A.Y.); (S.B.B.)
| | - Mahaneem Mohamed
- Department of Physiology, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kubang Kerian 16150, Malaysia;
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Ito Y, Tomizawa M, Suzuki K, Shirakawa Y, Ono H, Adachi K, Suzuki H, Shimomura K, Nabeshima T, Kamijima M. Organophosphate Agent Induces ADHD-Like Behaviors via Inhibition of Brain Endocannabinoid-Hydrolyzing Enzyme(s) in Adolescent Male Rats. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2020; 68:2547-2553. [PMID: 31995978 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.9b08195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Anticholinergic organophosphate (OP) agents act on the diverse serine hydrolases, thereby revealing unexpected biological effects. Epidemiological studies indicate a relationship between the OP exposure and development of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD)-like symptoms, whereas no plausible mechanism for the OP-induced ADHD has been established. The present investigation employs ethyl octylphosphonofluoridate (EOPF) as an OP-probe, which is an extremely potent inhibitor of endocannabinoid (EC, anandamide and 2-arachidonoylglycerol)-hydrolyzing enzymes: that is, fatty acid amide hydrolase (FAAH) and monoacylglycerol lipase (MAGL). An ex vivo experiment shows that EOPF treatment decreases FAAH and MAGL activities and conversely increases EC levels in the rat brain. Subsequently, EOPF (treated intraperitoneally once at 0, 1, 2, or 3 mg/kg) clearly induces ADHD-like behaviors (in elevated plus-maze test) in both Wistar and spontaneously hypertensive rats. The EOPF-induced behaviors are reduced by a concomitant administration of cannabinoid receptor inverse agonist SLV-319. Accordingly, the EC system is a feasible target for OP-caused ADHD-like behaviors in adolescent rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuki Ito
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health , Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences , Nagoya 467-8601 , Japan
| | - Motohiro Tomizawa
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Life Sciences , Tokyo University of Agriculture , Setakaya , Tokyo 156-8502 , Japan
| | - Kazutaka Suzuki
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health , Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences , Nagoya 467-8601 , Japan
| | - Yuichi Shirakawa
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health , Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences , Nagoya 467-8601 , Japan
| | - Hiromasa Ono
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health , Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences , Nagoya 467-8601 , Japan
| | - Keishi Adachi
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health , Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences , Nagoya 467-8601 , Japan
| | - Himiko Suzuki
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health , Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences , Nagoya 467-8601 , Japan
| | - Kenji Shimomura
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Life Sciences , Tokyo University of Agriculture , Setakaya , Tokyo 156-8502 , Japan
| | - Toshitaka Nabeshima
- Advanced Diagnostic System Research Laboratory , Fujita Health University , Nagoya , Aichi 470-1192 , Japan
| | - Michihiro Kamijima
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health , Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences , Nagoya 467-8601 , Japan
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Ito Y, Kamijima M, Nakajima T. Di(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate-induced toxicity and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha: a review. Environ Health Prev Med 2019; 24:47. [PMID: 31279339 PMCID: PMC6612219 DOI: 10.1186/s12199-019-0802-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2019] [Accepted: 06/28/2019] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
The plasticizer di(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP) has been widely used in the manufacture of polyvinyl chloride-containing products such as medical and consumer goods. Humans can easily be exposed to it because DEHP is ubiquitous in the environment. Recent research on the adverse effects of DEHP has focused on reproductive and developmental toxicity in rodents and/or humans. DEHP is a representative of the peroxisome proliferators. Therefore, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha (PPARα)-dependent pathways are the expected mode of action of several kinds of DEHP-induced toxicities. In this review, we summarize DEHP kinetics and its mechanisms of carcinogenicity and reproductive and developmental toxicity in relation to PPARα. Additionally, we give an overview of the impacts of science policy on exposure sources.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuki Ito
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya, 467-8601 Japan
| | - Michihiro Kamijima
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya, 467-8601 Japan
| | - Tamie Nakajima
- College of Life and Health Sciences, Chubu University, 1200 Matsumoto-cho, Kasugai, Aichi 487-8501 Japan
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Kamijima M. [Reproductive Toxicological Research as Countermeasures to Declining Birth Rate]. Nihon Eiseigaku Zasshi 2018; 73:330-337. [PMID: 30270301 DOI: 10.1265/jjh.73.330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Research into reproductive toxicology may lead to one of the countermeasures to the declining birth rate observed in industrialized countries. Some chemicals can pose risks to human reproduction that is a multistage process starting from the development of male and female germ cells to childbirth and the subsequent growth and development of the child. In Japan, the government has amended law enforcement, i.e., the Regulations on Labor Standards for Women, recently to improve protection for pregnant women against reproductive chemical hazards in workplaces. Male workers may also be protected against such hazards if appropriate risk assessment and the following management are performed as required by the Industrial Safety and Health Law. However, it remains a concern that an unexpected adverse outcome due to an unknown reproduction hazard may occur owing to the use of chemicals not listed in the regulations. This is because the toxicity of a large number of chemicals has not been entirely revealed. Moreover, it is often difficult to determine from a Safety Data Sheet for a product of interest whether the chemicals contained in the product do not have reproductive toxicity or the toxicity data are just not available because of lack of pertinent studies. Thus, researchers in the field of occupational and environmental health need to make effort to fill in such data gaps and to raise the awareness among the public the importance of experimental and epidemiological studies. Study designs for investigating subclinical effects, mechanisms of reproductive toxicity, exposure levels, and dose-response relationships to determine environmental standards are also required.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michihiro Kamijima
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences
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Epididymal phospholipidosis is a possible mechanism for spermatotoxicity induced by the organophosphorus insecticide fenitrothion in rats. Toxicol Lett 2018; 285:27-33. [DOI: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2017.12.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2017] [Revised: 12/11/2017] [Accepted: 12/27/2017] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Othman AI, Abdel-Hamid M. Curcumin mitigates fenthion-induced testicular toxicity in rats: histopathological and immunohistochemical study. AFRICAN ZOOLOGY 2017. [DOI: 10.1080/15627020.2017.1396194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Amel I Othman
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt
| | - Manal Abdel-Hamid
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef, Egypt
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Duan P, Hu C, Butler HJ, Quan C, Chen W, Huang W, Tang S, Zhou W, Yuan M, Shi Y, Martin FL, Yang K. 4-Nonylphenol induces disruption of spermatogenesis associated with oxidative stress-related apoptosis by targeting p53-Bcl-2/Bax-Fas/FasL signaling. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY 2017; 32:739-753. [PMID: 27087316 DOI: 10.1002/tox.22274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2015] [Revised: 03/31/2016] [Accepted: 04/01/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
4-Nonylphenol (NP) is a ubiquitous environmental chemical with estrogenic activity. Our aim was to test the hypothesis that pubertal exposure to NP leads to testicular dysfunction. Herein, 24 7-week-old rats were randomly divided into four groups and treated with NP (0, 25, 50, or 100 mg/kg body weight every 2 days for 20 consecutive days) by intraperitoneal injection. Compared to untreated controls, the parameters of sperm activation rate, curvilinear velocity, average path velocity, and swimming velocity were significantly lower at doses of 100 mg/kg, while sperm morphological abnormalities were higher, indicating functional disruption and reduced fertilization potential. High exposure to NP (100 mg/kg) resulted in disordered arrangement of spermatoblasts and reduction of spermatocytes in seminiferous tubules, while tissues exhibited a marked decline in testicular fructose content and serum FSH, LH, and testosterone levels. Oxidative stress was induced by NP (50 or 100 mg/kg) as evidenced by elevated MDA, decreased SOD and GSH-Px, and inhibited antioxidant gene expression (CAT, GPx, SOD1, and CYP1B1). In addition, NP treatment decreased proportions of Ki-67-positive cells and increased apoptosis in a dose-dependent manner. Rats treated with 100 mg/kg NP exhibited significantly increased mRNA expression of caspase-1, -2, -9, and -11, decreased caspase-8 and PCNA1 mRNA expression, downregulation of Bcl-2/Bax ratios and upregulation of Fas, FasL, and p53 at the protein and mRNA levels. Taken together, NP-induced apoptosis, hormonal deficiencies, and depletion of fructose potentially impairs spermatogenesis and sperm function. p53-independent Fas/FasL-Bax/Bcl-2 pathways may be involved in NP-induced oxidative stress-related apoptosis. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Environ Toxicol 32: 739-753, 2017.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Duan
- MOE (Ministry of Education) Key Lab of Environment and Health, Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Chunhui Hu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Taihe Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, Hubei, 442000, China
| | - Holly J Butler
- Centre for Biophotonics, Lancaster Environment Centre, Lancaster University, Bailrigg, Lancaster, LA1 4YQ, United Kingdom
| | - Chao Quan
- MOE (Ministry of Education) Key Lab of Environment and Health, Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Wei Chen
- MOE (Ministry of Education) Key Lab of Environment and Health, Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Wenting Huang
- MOE (Ministry of Education) Key Lab of Environment and Health, Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Sha Tang
- MOE (Ministry of Education) Key Lab of Environment and Health, Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Wei Zhou
- MOE (Ministry of Education) Key Lab of Environment and Health, Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Meng Yuan
- MOE (Ministry of Education) Key Lab of Environment and Health, Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Yuqin Shi
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Medical College, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Francis L Martin
- Centre for Biophotonics, Lancaster Environment Centre, Lancaster University, Bailrigg, Lancaster, LA1 4YQ, United Kingdom
| | - Kedi Yang
- MOE (Ministry of Education) Key Lab of Environment and Health, Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
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Saber TM, Abd El-Aziz RM, Ali HA. Quercetin mitigates fenitrothion-induced testicular toxicity in rats. Andrologia 2015; 48:491-500. [PMID: 26264430 DOI: 10.1111/and.12467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/15/2015] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Fenitrothion (FNT) is a widely used organophosphorus pesticide in agriculture. Quercetin (QR), a plant-derived flavonoid, has a free radical scavenging property. This study investigated the protective effect of QR on FNT-induced testicular toxicity in rats. Twenty-four male rats were divided into four groups. Group I (control) received normal saline. Group II was administered QR at the dose of 50 mg kg(-1) b.wt. Group III was orally administered FNT (20 mg kg(-1) b.wt). Group IV was gavaged FNT and QR together at the same doses. All administrations were performed daily by gavage and maintained for 70 days. Sperm parameters and histopathological changes in testes were investigated. Serum testosterone and luteinising hormone were estimated using radioimmunoassay kits. In testes, expressions of steroidogenic genes (3β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 6, 17 β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 3 and steroidogenic factor-1) and oxidative stress genes (catalase and superoxide dismutase) were determined using real-time PCR. FNT administration caused significant decreases in sperm count, motility and hormonal levels, a significant increase in abnormal sperm morphology and a significant down-regulation of steroidogenic and antioxidant genes in the testis. However, QR administration ameliorated FNT-induced toxic effects. Our results concluded that QR effectively mitigated testicular damage induced by FNT in rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- T M Saber
- Forensic Medicine and Toxicology Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
| | - R M Abd El-Aziz
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
| | - H A Ali
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
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