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Hazukova R, Rezacova M, Pleskot M, Zadak Z, Cermakova E, Taborsky M. DNA damage and arterial hypertension. A systematic review and meta-analysis. Biomed Pap Med Fac Univ Palacky Olomouc Czech Repub 2024; 168:15-24. [PMID: 37916467 DOI: 10.5507/bp.2023.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2023] [Accepted: 10/20/2023] [Indexed: 11/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Oxidative DNA damage markers (8OHdG, comet assay, gammaH2AX) are becoming widely used in clinical cardiology research. To conduct this review of DNA damage in relation to hypertension in humans, we used databases (e.g. PubMed, Web of Science) to search for English-language publications up to June 30, 2022 and the terms: DNA damage, comet assay, gammaH2AX, 8OHdG, strand breaks, and arterial hypertension. Exclusion criteria were: children, absence of relevant controls, extra-arterial hypertensive issues, animal, cell lines. From a total of 79526, 15 human studies were selected. A total of 902 hypertensive patients (pts): (comet: N=418 pts; 8OHdG: N=484 pts) and 587 controls (comet: N=203; 8OHdG: N=384) were included. DNA damage was significantly higher in hypertensive pts than healthy controls (comet 26.6±11.0 vs 11.7±4.07 arbitrary units /A.U./; P<0.05 and="" 8ohdg="" 13="" 1="" 4="" 12="" vs="" 6="" 97="" 2="" 67="" ng="" mg="" creatinine="" i=""> P<0.05) confirmed with meta-analysis for both. Greater DNA damage was observed in more adverse cases (concentric cardiac hypertrophy 43.4±15.4 vs 15.6±5.5; sustained/untreated hypertension 31.4±12.1 vs 14.2±5/35.0±5.0 vs 25.0 ±5.0; non-dippers 39.2±15.5 vs 29.4±11.1 A.U.; elderly 14.9±4.5 vs 9.3±4.1 ng/mg creatinine; without carvedilol 9.1±4.2 vs 5.7±3.9; with coronary heart disease 0.5±0.1 vs 0.2±0.1 ng/mL) (P<0.05) confirmed with meta-analysis. DNA damage correlated strongly positively with serum glycosylated haemoglobin (r=0.670; P<0.05) and negatively with total antioxidant status (r=-0.670 to -0.933; P<0.05). This is the first systematic review with meta-analysis showing that oxidative DNA damage was increased in humans with arterial hypertension compared to controls.
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Affiliation(s)
- Radka Hazukova
- Department of Internal Medicine I - Cardiology, University Hospital Olomouc and Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacky University Olomouc, Czech Republic
- Department of Internal Medicine, Pardubice Regional Hospital, a.s., Pardubice, Czech Republic
- Department of Cardiology and Internal Medicine (Profi-Kardio, s.r.o.), Horice v Podkrkonosi, Czech Republic
| | - Martina Rezacova
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine in Hradec Kralove, Charles University, Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
| | - Miloslav Pleskot
- Department of Cardiology and Internal Medicine (Profi-Kardio, s.r.o.), Horice v Podkrkonosi, Czech Republic
| | - Zdenek Zadak
- Departments of Research and Development, University Hospital, Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
| | - Eva Cermakova
- Department of Medical Biophysics, Faculty of Medicine in Hradec Kralove, Charles University, Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
| | - Milos Taborsky
- Department of Internal Medicine I - Cardiology, University Hospital Olomouc and Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacky University Olomouc, Czech Republic
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Chen T, Zhang Y, Zhang Y, Ning Z, Xu Q, Lin Y, Gong J, Li J, Chen Z, Meng Y, Li Y, Li X. Autophagic degradation of MVBs in LSECs promotes Aldosterone induced-HSCs activation. Hepatol Int 2024; 18:273-288. [PMID: 37330971 DOI: 10.1007/s12072-023-10559-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2023] [Accepted: 05/29/2023] [Indexed: 06/20/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS The important role of extracellular vesicles (EVs) in liver fibrosis has been confirmed. However, EVs derived from liver sinusoidal endothelial cells (LSECs) in the activation of hepatic stellate cells (HSCs) and liver fibrosis is still unclear. Our previous work demonstrated that Aldosterone (Aldo) may have the potential to regulate EVs from LSECs via autophagy pathway. Thus, we aim to investigate the role of Aldo in the regulation of EVs derived from LSECs. APPROACH AND RESULTS Using an Aldo-continuous pumping rat model, we observed that Aldo-induced liver fibrosis and capillarization of LSECs. In vitro, transmission electron microscopy (TEM) revealed that stimulation of Aldo led to the upregulation of autophagy and degradation of multivesicular bodies (MVBs) in LSECs. Mechanistically, Aldo upregulated ATP6V0A2, which promoted lysosomal acidification and subsequent autophagy in LSECs. Inhibiting autophagy with si-ATG5 adeno-associated virus (AAV) in LSECs effectively mitigated Aldo-induced liver fibrosis in rats. RNA sequencing and nanoparticle tracking (NTA) analyses of EVs derived from LSECs indicated that Aldo result in a decrease in both the quantity and quality of EVs. We also observed a reduction in the protective miRNA-342-5P in EVs derived from Aldo-treated LSECs, which may play a critical role in HSCs activation. Target knockdown of EV secretion with si-RAB27a AAV in LSECs led to the development of liver fibrosis and HSC activation in rats. CONCLUSION Aldo-induced Autophagic degradation of MVBs in LSECs promotes a decrease in the quantity and quality of EVs derived from LSECs, resulting in the activation of HSCs and liver fibrosis under hyperaldosteronism. Modulating the autophagy level of LSECs and their EV secretion may represent a promising therapeutic approach for treating liver fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tingting Chen
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, No. 1838, North of Guangzhou Avenue, Guangzhou, 510515, Guangdong, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Gastroenterology, Department of Gastroenterology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China
| | - Yan Zhang
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, No. 1838, North of Guangzhou Avenue, Guangzhou, 510515, Guangdong, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Gastroenterology, Department of Gastroenterology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China
| | - Yijie Zhang
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, No. 1838, North of Guangzhou Avenue, Guangzhou, 510515, Guangdong, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Gastroenterology, Department of Gastroenterology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China
| | - Zuowei Ning
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Gastroenterology, Department of Gastroenterology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China
| | - Qihan Xu
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, No. 1838, North of Guangzhou Avenue, Guangzhou, 510515, Guangdong, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Gastroenterology, Department of Gastroenterology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China
| | - Ying Lin
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, No. 1838, North of Guangzhou Avenue, Guangzhou, 510515, Guangdong, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Gastroenterology, Department of Gastroenterology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China
| | - Jiacheng Gong
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, No. 1838, North of Guangzhou Avenue, Guangzhou, 510515, Guangdong, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Gastroenterology, Department of Gastroenterology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China
| | - Jierui Li
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, No. 1838, North of Guangzhou Avenue, Guangzhou, 510515, Guangdong, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Gastroenterology, Department of Gastroenterology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China
| | - Zhuoer Chen
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, No. 1838, North of Guangzhou Avenue, Guangzhou, 510515, Guangdong, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Gastroenterology, Department of Gastroenterology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China
| | - Ying Meng
- Department of Respiratory Diseases, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China.
| | - Yang Li
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, No. 1838, North of Guangzhou Avenue, Guangzhou, 510515, Guangdong, China.
| | - Xu Li
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, No. 1838, North of Guangzhou Avenue, Guangzhou, 510515, Guangdong, China.
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Piazza M, Caroccia B, Carraro S, Rossi GP. Expression of functional mineralocorticoid receptor (MR) and G-protein coupled estrogen receptor (GPER) in human T lymphocytes. Steroids 2023; 200:109327. [PMID: 37827440 DOI: 10.1016/j.steroids.2023.109327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2023] [Revised: 10/07/2023] [Accepted: 10/09/2023] [Indexed: 10/14/2023]
Abstract
Aldosterone plays a key role in controlling blood pressure (BP) values by maintaining body salt, water, and fluid homeostasis. Excess aldosterone production is associated with arterial hypertension, cardiovascular and metabolic diseases, partly via generation of an inflammatory state followed by fibrotic changes in the organs that are target of hypertension. Aldosterone exerts genomic effects that are known to involve activation of the mineralocorticoid receptor (MR). Other aldosterone effects, including those usually defined as 'rapid' or 'non genomic', involve additional receptors as the G-protein coupled estrogen receptor (GPER). To date, the receptor(s) implicated in the inflammatory action of aldosterone in cells of the innate and adaptive immunity are unknown. Considering the potential role of T-lymphocytes in adaptive immunity in arterial hypertension and related hypertension-mediated organ damage (HMOD), we herein investigated and quantified the expression of the MR and GPER in human CD4+ and CD8+ T-cells. Results provided compelling evidence for the presence at the mRNA and protein level and suggest a functional role of these receptors in the two T-lymphocyte subtypes, thus indicating that they can represent a potential target for modulation of steroid hormone-induced inflammation and ensuing HMOD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Piazza
- Internal Emergency Medicine Unit, Department of Medicine-DIMED University of Padua, Specialized Center for Blood Pressure Disorders-Regione Veneto, 35128 Padua, Italy
| | - Brasilina Caroccia
- Internal Emergency Medicine Unit, Department of Medicine-DIMED University of Padua, Specialized Center for Blood Pressure Disorders-Regione Veneto, 35128 Padua, Italy
| | - Samuela Carraro
- Internal Emergency Medicine Unit, Department of Medicine-DIMED University of Padua, Specialized Center for Blood Pressure Disorders-Regione Veneto, 35128 Padua, Italy
| | - Gian Paolo Rossi
- Internal Emergency Medicine Unit, Department of Medicine-DIMED University of Padua, Specialized Center for Blood Pressure Disorders-Regione Veneto, 35128 Padua, Italy.
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Liu S, Liu Y, Zhang D, Li H, Shao X, Xie P, Li J. Novel insights into perfluorinated compound-induced hepatotoxicity: Chronic dietary restriction exacerbates the effects of PFBS on hepatic lipid metabolism in mice. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2023; 181:108274. [PMID: 37879206 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2023.108274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2023] [Revised: 10/13/2023] [Accepted: 10/16/2023] [Indexed: 10/27/2023]
Abstract
Perfluorobutane sulfonates (PFBS) have garnered extensive utilization because of their distinctive physicochemical properties. The liver acts as a key target organ for toxicity within the body and is vital for regulating metabolic processes, particularly lipid metabolism. However, there is currently a significant research gap regarding the influences of PFBS on hepatic lipid metabolism, especially in individuals with different dietary statuses. Here, the objective of this research was to examine the effects of PFBS on hepatic function under different dietary conditions. The results suggested that the levels of liver injury biomarkers were significantly upregulated, e.g., transaminase (GPT, GOT), while liver lipid levels were downregulated after exposure to PFBS at concentration of 50 μg/L for 42 days. Moreover, restricted diet further intensified the adverse effects of PFBS on the liver. Metabolomics analysis identified significant alterations in lipid-related metabolites in PFBS-induced hepatotoxicity, PFBS exposure induced a decrease in lysophosphatidylethanolamine and lysophosphatidylcholine. PFBS exposure caused an increase in aldosterone and prostaglandin f2alpha under restricted diet. In PFBS treatment group, histidine metabolism, beta-alanine metabolism, and arginine biosynthesis were the main pathway for PFBS toxicity. Aldosterone-regulated sodium reabsorption as a vital factor in inducing PFBS toxicity in the RD-PFBS treatment group. The analysis of 16S rRNA sequencing revealed that exposure to PFBS resulted in imbalance of gut microbial communities. PFBS exposure induced a decrease in Akkermansia and Lactobacillus, but an increase in Enterococcus. PFBS exposure caused the abundance of Lachnospiraceae_NK4A136_group was significantly elevated under restricted diet. Additionally, disruptions in the expression of genes involved in lipid production and consumption may significantly contribute to lipid imbalance in the liver. This study underscores the importance of recognizing the harmful impact of PFBS on liver function, along with the biotoxicity of contaminant influenced by dietary habits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Su Liu
- School of Food Science and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, China; School of Engineering, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, China
| | - Yafeng Liu
- School of Engineering, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, China
| | - Dong Zhang
- School of Food Science and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Huan Li
- School of Engineering, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, China; State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Xicheng Shao
- Faculty of Land and Food Systems, Vancouver Campus, University of British Columbia, Vancouver V6T 1Z4, Canada
| | - Pengfei Xie
- School of Food Science and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Jianmei Li
- School of Food Science and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, China.
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Papaefthymiou A, Doulberis M, Karafyllidou K, Chatzimichael E, Deretzi G, Exadaktylos AK, Sampsonas F, Gelasakis A, Papamichos SI, Kotronis G, Gialamprinou D, Vardaka E, Polyzos SA, Kountouras J. Effect of spironolactone on pharmacological treatment of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. Minerva Endocrinol (Torino) 2023; 48:346-359. [PMID: 34669319 DOI: 10.23736/s2724-6507.21.03564-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) was recently renamed to metabolic (dysfunction)-associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD) to better characterize its pathogenic origin. NAFLD represents, at least in western societies, a potential epidemic with raising prevalence. Its multifactorial pathogenesis is partially unraveled and till now there is no approved pharmacotherapy for NAFLD. A plethora of various choices are investigated in clinical trials, targeting an arsenal of different pathways and molecules. Since the mineralocorticoid receptor (MR) and renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) appear to be implicated in NAFLD, within this concise review, we focus on a rather classical and inexpensive pharmacological agent, spironolactone. We present the current lines of evidence of MR and RAAS-related preclinical models and human trials reporting an association with NAFLD. In conclusion, evidence about spironolactone of RAAS is commented, as potential future pharmacological management of NAFLD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Apostolis Papaefthymiou
- Department of Gastroenterology, University Hospital of Larisa, Larisa, Greece -
- School of Medicine, Second Medical Clinic, Ippokration Hospital, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece -
- School of Medicine, First Laboratory of Pharmacology, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece -
| | - Michael Doulberis
- School of Medicine, Second Medical Clinic, Ippokration Hospital, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
- School of Medicine, First Laboratory of Pharmacology, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
- Department of Emergency Medicine, University Hospital Inselspital of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Medical University, Kantonsspital Aarau, Aarau, Switzerland
| | - Kyriaki Karafyllidou
- Department of Pediatrics, University Children's Hospital of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Eleftherios Chatzimichael
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, Center for Integrative Psychiatry, Psychiatric University Hospital of Zurich, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Georgia Deretzi
- Department of Neurology, Papageorgiou General Hospital, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | | | - Fotios Sampsonas
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, University Hospital of Patras, Patras, Greece
| | - Athanasios Gelasakis
- Department of Animal Science, Laboratory of Anatomy and Physiology of Farm Animals, Agricultural University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Spyros I Papamichos
- Blood Transfusion Service Eastern Switzerland, Swiss Red Cross, St. Gallen, Switzerland
| | - Georgios Kotronis
- Department of Internal Medicine, General Hospital Aghios Pavlos of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Dimitra Gialamprinou
- Second Neonatal Department and NICU, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Papageorgiou General Hospital, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Elisabeth Vardaka
- School of Health Sciences, Department of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, International Hellenic University, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Stergios A Polyzos
- School of Medicine, First Laboratory of Pharmacology, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Jannis Kountouras
- School of Medicine, Second Medical Clinic, Ippokration Hospital, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
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Beaven E, Kumar R, Bhatt HN, Esquivel SV, Nurunnabi M. Myofibroblast specific targeting approaches to improve fibrosis treatment. Chem Commun (Camb) 2022; 58:13556-13571. [PMID: 36445310 PMCID: PMC9946855 DOI: 10.1039/d2cc04825f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Fibrosis has been shown to develop in individuals with underlying health conditions, especially chronic inflammatory diseases. Fibrosis is often diagnosed in various organs, including the liver, lungs, kidneys, heart, and skin, and has been described as excessive accumulation of extracellular matrix that can affect specific organs in the body or systemically throughout the body. Fibrosis as a chronic condition can result in organ failure and result in death of the individual. Understanding and identification of specific biomarkers associated with fibrosis has emerging potential in the development of diagnosis and targeting treatment modalities. Therefore, in this review, we will discuss multiple signaling pathways such as TGF-β, collagen, angiotensin, and cadherin and outline the chemical nature of the different signaling pathways involved in fibrogenesis as well as the mechanisms. Although it has been well established that TGF-β is the main catalyst initiating and driving multiple pathways for fibrosis, targeting TGF-β can be challenging as this molecule regulates essential functions throughout the body that help to keep the body in homeostasis. We also discuss collagen, angiotensin, and cadherins and their role in fibrosis. We comprehensively discuss the various delivery systems used to target collagen, angiotensin, and cadherins to manage fibrosis. Nevertheless, understanding the steps by which this molecule drives fibrosis development can aid in the development of specific targets of its cascading mechanism. Throughout the review, we will demonstrate the mechanism of fibrosis targeting to improve targeting delivery and therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elfa Beaven
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, The University of Texas El Paso, El Paso, TX 79902, USA.
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The University of Texas El Paso, El Paso, TX 79968, USA
| | - Raj Kumar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, The University of Texas El Paso, El Paso, TX 79902, USA.
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The University of Texas El Paso, El Paso, TX 79968, USA
| | - Himanshu N Bhatt
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, The University of Texas El Paso, El Paso, TX 79902, USA.
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The University of Texas El Paso, El Paso, TX 79968, USA
| | - Stephanie V Esquivel
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, The University of Texas El Paso, El Paso, TX 79902, USA.
- Aerospace Center (cSETR), The University of Texas El Paso, El Paso, TX 79968, USA
| | - Md Nurunnabi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, The University of Texas El Paso, El Paso, TX 79902, USA.
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The University of Texas El Paso, El Paso, TX 79968, USA
- Aerospace Center (cSETR), The University of Texas El Paso, El Paso, TX 79968, USA
- Border Biomedical Research Center, The University of Texas El Paso, El Paso, TX 79968, USA
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Schreier B, Zipprich A, Uhlenhaut H, Gekle M. Mineralocorticoid receptor in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. Br J Pharmacol 2021; 179:3165-3177. [PMID: 34935140 DOI: 10.1111/bph.15784] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2021] [Revised: 11/12/2021] [Accepted: 11/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Liver diseases are the fourth common death in Europe responsible for about 2 million death per year worldwide. Among the known detrimental causes for liver dysfunction are virus infections, intoxications and obesity. The mineralocorticoid receptor (MR) is a ligand-dependent transcription factor activated by aldosterone or glucocorticoids but also by pathological milieu factors. Canonical actions of the MR take place in epithelial cells of kidney, colon and sweat glands and contribute to sodium reabsorption, potassium secretion and extracellular volume homeostasis. The non-canonical functions can be initiated by inflammation or an altered micro milieu leading to fibrosis, hypertrophy and remodeling in various tissues. This narrative review summarizes the evidence regarding the role of MR in portal hypertension, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, liver fibrosis and cirrhosis, demonstrating that inhibition of the MR in vivo seems to be beneficial for liver function and not just for volume regulation. Unfortunately, the underlying molecular mechanisms are still not completely understood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbara Schreier
- Julius-Bernstein-Institute of Physiology, Medical Faculty of the Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle/Saale, Germany
| | - Alexander Zipprich
- Department of Internal Medicine IV, Friedrich-Schiller-University Jena, Jena, Germany
| | - Henriette Uhlenhaut
- TUM School of Life Sciences, Technical University of Munich, Freising-Weihenstephan, Germany
| | - Michael Gekle
- Julius-Bernstein-Institute of Physiology, Medical Faculty of the Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle/Saale, Germany
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Yang M, Ma F, Guan M. Role of Steroid Hormones in the Pathogenesis of Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease. Metabolites 2021; 11:metabo11050320. [PMID: 34067649 PMCID: PMC8156407 DOI: 10.3390/metabo11050320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2021] [Revised: 05/10/2021] [Accepted: 05/12/2021] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is the most common cause of chronic liver disease and may progress to cirrhosis or even hepatocellular carcinoma. A number of steroid hormones are important regulators of lipid homeostasis through fine tuning the expression of genes related to lipid synthesis, export, and metabolism. Dysregulation of such pathways has been implicated in the pathogenesis of NAFLD. The aim of this review is to clarify the potential impact of steroid hormones on NAFLD. We also highlight potential interventions through modulating steroid hormone levels or the activities of their cognate receptors as therapeutic strategies for preventing NAFLD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng Yang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Diagnostics, Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Institute of Aging Research, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan 523808, China;
- Center for Human Tissues and Organs Degeneration, Institute of Biomedicine and Biotechnology, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518055, China;
| | - Feng Ma
- Center for Human Tissues and Organs Degeneration, Institute of Biomedicine and Biotechnology, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518055, China;
| | - Min Guan
- Center for Human Tissues and Organs Degeneration, Institute of Biomedicine and Biotechnology, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518055, China;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +86-755-86585232
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Adipocyte-Mineralocorticoid Receptor Alters Mitochondrial Quality Control Leading to Mitochondrial Dysfunction and Senescence of Visceral Adipose Tissue. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22062881. [PMID: 33809055 PMCID: PMC8001019 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22062881] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2021] [Revised: 03/03/2021] [Accepted: 03/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Mineralocorticoid receptor (MR) expression is increased in the adipose tissue (AT) of obese patients and animals. We previously demonstrated that adipocyte-MR overexpression in mice (Adipo-MROE mice) is associated with metabolic alterations. Moreover, we showed that MR regulates mitochondrial dysfunction and cellular senescence in the visceral AT of obese db/db mice. Our hypothesis is that adipocyte-MR overactivation triggers mitochondrial dysfunction and cellular senescence, through increased mitochondrial oxidative stress (OS). Using the Adipo-MROE mice with conditional adipocyte-MR expression, we evaluated the specific effects of adipocyte-MR on global and mitochondrial OS, as well as on OS-induced damage. Mitochondrial function was assessed by high throughput respirometry. Molecular mechanisms were probed in AT focusing on mitochondrial quality control and senescence markers. Adipo-MROE mice exhibited increased mitochondrial OS and altered mitochondrial respiration, associated with reduced biogenesis and increased fission. This was associated with OS-induced DNA-damage and AT premature senescence. In conclusion, targeted adipocyte-MR overexpression leads to an imbalance in mitochondrial dynamics and regeneration, to mitochondrial dysfunction and to ageing in visceral AT. These data bring new insights into the MR-dependent AT dysfunction in obesity.
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Muñoz-Durango N, Arrese M, Hernández A, Jara E, Kalergis AM, Cabrera D. A Mineralocorticoid Receptor Deficiency in Myeloid Cells Reduces Liver Steatosis by Impairing Activation of CD8 + T Cells in a Nonalcoholic Steatohepatitis Mouse Model. Front Immunol 2020; 11:563434. [PMID: 33391254 PMCID: PMC7772468 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.563434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2020] [Accepted: 11/10/2020] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Background and Aims The mineralocorticoid receptor (MR) and renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) are implicated in non-alcoholic liver fatty disease (NALFD). However, inflammatory mechanisms linking MR and RAAS with disease pathology remain unclear. Here we aimed to evaluate the contribution of myeloid MR to the inflammatory response in an animal model of non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), induced with a methionine-choline deficient diet (MCD). Methods Mice with a conditional deficiency of MR in myeloid cells (MyMRKO) and their counterpart floxed control mice (FC) were fed for 18 days with MCD or chow diet, respectively. Serum levels of aminotransferases and aldosterone levels were measured and hepatic steatosis, inflammation and fibrosis scored histologically. Hepatic triglyceride content (HTC) and hepatic mRNA levels of pro-inflammatory pro-fibrotic-associated genes were also assessed. Deep flow cytometric analysis was used to dissect the immune response during NASH development. Results MyMRKO mice fed with an MCD diet exhibited reduced hepatic inflammation and lower HTC than controls. Absolute number and percentage of liver inflammatory infiltrate cells (except for CD8+ T lymphocytes) were similar in both MyMRKO and control mice fed with an MCD diet but expression of the costimulatory molecule CD86 by dendritic cells and the CD25 activation marker in CD8+ T cells were significantly reduced in MyMRKO. Conclusions Proinflammatory cells are functionally suppressed in the absence of MR. We hypothesized that loss of MR in myeloid cells reduces lipid accumulation in the liver, in part through modulating the adaptive immune response, which is pivotal for the development of steatosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalia Muñoz-Durango
- Millennium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy, Departamento de Genética Molecular y Microbiología, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Marco Arrese
- Departamento de Gastroenterología, Escuela de Medicina, Pontificia Universidad Catolica de Chile, Santiago, Chile.,Centro de Envejecimiento y Regeneración (CARE), Departamento de Biología Celular y Molecular, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Alejandra Hernández
- Departamento de Gastroenterología, Escuela de Medicina, Pontificia Universidad Catolica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Evelyn Jara
- Millennium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy, Departamento de Genética Molecular y Microbiología, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile.,Departamento de Ciencias Básicas, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Santo Tomás, Santiago, Chile
| | - Alexis M Kalergis
- Millennium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy, Departamento de Genética Molecular y Microbiología, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile.,Departamento de Endocrinología, Facultad de Medicina, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Daniel Cabrera
- Departamento de Gastroenterología, Escuela de Medicina, Pontificia Universidad Catolica de Chile, Santiago, Chile.,Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Universidad Bernardo O Higgins, Santiago, Chile
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11
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AlQudah M, Hale TM, Czubryt MP. Targeting the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system in fibrosis. Matrix Biol 2020; 91-92:92-108. [PMID: 32422329 DOI: 10.1016/j.matbio.2020.04.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2020] [Revised: 04/28/2020] [Accepted: 04/29/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Fibrosis is characterized by excessive deposition of extracellular matrix components such as collagen in tissues or organs. Fibrosis can develop in the heart, kidneys, liver, skin or any other body organ in response to injury or maladaptive reparative processes, reducing overall function and leading eventually to organ failure. A variety of cellular and molecular signaling mechanisms are involved in the pathogenesis of fibrosis. The renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) interacts with the potent Transforming Growth Factor β (TGFβ) pro-fibrotic pathway to mediate fibrosis in many cell and tissue types. RAAS consists of both classical and alternative pathways, which act to potentiate or antagonize fibrotic signaling mechanisms, respectively. This review provides an overview of recent literature describing the roles of RAAS in the pathogenesis of fibrosis, particularly in the liver, heart, kidney and skin, and with a focus on RAAS interactions with TGFβ signaling. Targeting RAAS to combat fibrosis represents a promising therapeutic approach, particularly given the lack of strategies for treating fibrosis as its own entity, thus animal and clinical studies to examine the impact of natural and synthetic substances to alter RAAS signaling as a means to treat fibrosis are reviewed as well.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad AlQudah
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Canada; Department of Physiology and Biochemistry, College of Medicine, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Jordan
| | - Taben M Hale
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Arizona College of Medicine Phoenix, United States
| | - Michael P Czubryt
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Canada.
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12
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Yuan X, Wang X, Li Y, Li X, Zhang S, Hao L. Aldosterone promotes renal interstitial fibrosis via the AIF‑1/AKT/mTOR signaling pathway. Mol Med Rep 2019; 20:4033-4044. [PMID: 31545432 PMCID: PMC6797939 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2019.10680] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2019] [Accepted: 07/05/2019] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
A number of studies have shown that aldosterone serves an important role in promoting renal interstitial fibrosis, although the specific mechanism remains to be elucidated. A previous study revealed that the fibrotic effect of aldosterone was associated with the expression of allograft inflammatory factor 1 (AIF‑1) in RAW264.7 macrophage cells, in a time‑ and concentration‑dependent manner. However, the exact mechanism through which aldosterone promotes renal interstitial fibrosis remains unknown. In the present study, the effects of aldosterone on renal inflammatory cell infiltration, collagen deposition and the expression levels of AIF‑1, phosphatidylinositol 3‑kinase (PI3K), AKT serine/threonine kinase (AKT), mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR), the oxidative stress factor NADPH oxidase 2 (NOX2) and nuclear transcription factor erythroid‑related factor 2 (Nrf2) were assessed in normal rats, rats treated with aldosterone, rats treated with aldosterone and spironolactone and those treated with spironolactone only (used as the control). The effect of aldosterone on these factors was also investigated in the renal interstitium of unilateral ureteral obstruction (UUO) rats. Additionally, the AIF‑1 gene was overexpressed and knocked down in macrophage RAW264.7 cells, and the effects of aldosterone on PI3K, AKT, mTOR, NOX2 and Nrf2 were subsequently investigated. The results showed that aldosterone promoted inflammatory cell infiltration, collagen deposition and the expression of AIF‑1, PI3K, AKT, mTOR and NOX2, but inhibited the expression of Nrf2. In the UUO rats, aldosterone also promoted renal interstitial inflammatory cell infiltration, collagen deposition and the expression of AIF‑1, NOX2, PI3K, AKT and mTOR, whereas the expression of Nrf2 was downregulated by aldosterone compared with that in the UUO‑only group; the influence of aldosterone was counteracted by spironolactone in the normal and UUO rats. In vitro, aldosterone upregulated the expression levels of AKT, mTOR, NOX2 and Nrf2 in RAW264.7 cells compared with those in untreated cells. Suppressing the expression of AIF‑1 inhibited the effects of aldosterone, whereas the overexpression of AIF‑1 enhanced these effects in RAW264.7 cells. These findings indicated that aldosterone promoted renal interstitial fibrosis by upregulating the expression of AIF‑1 and that the specific mechanism may involve AKT/mTOR and oxidative stress signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xueying Yuan
- Department of Nephropathy and Hemodialysis, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150001, P.R. China
| | - Xingzhi Wang
- Department of Nephropathy and Hemodialysis, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150001, P.R. China
| | - Yushu Li
- Department of Nephropathy and Hemodialysis, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150001, P.R. China
| | - Xin Li
- Department of Nephropathy and Hemodialysis, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150001, P.R. China
| | - Shuyu Zhang
- Department of Nephropathy and Hemodialysis, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150001, P.R. China
| | - Lirong Hao
- Department of Nephropathy and Hemodialysis, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150001, P.R. China
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Abstract
Objective The association of primary aldosteronism (PA) with thyroid disease has already been suggested. The aim of this study was to examine the presence of PA in patients with papillary thyroid carcinoma (PC) and to characterize such PC patients with PA. Methods We examined the presence of PA in 81 consecutive patients with PC, whose random sitting blood pressure (BP) was ≥140/90 mmHg in the office (n= 68), who had an incidental adrenal tumor or adrenal enlargement (n=9), or who showed hypokalemia (n=4). Thirty-one of these 81 patients had been treated with anti-hypertensive drugs. The plasma aldosterone concentration (PAC) and plasma renin activity (PRA) were first measured before operation in 16 patients and after operation in 65 patients. PA was diagnosed according to the guidelines of the Japan Endocrine Society. Results Forty patients with PC with a random PAC/PRA ratio of over 200 were subjected to a further study (12 of these patients had been treated with anti-hypertensive drugs). Ultimately, 15 patients with PC were diagnosed with PA. Adrenal venous sampling was done in 9 out of 15 patients with PC associated with PA. No patients were diagnosed as having unilateral lesions. Among the 15 patients, white-coat hypertension was observed in 5 patients, and normotension was observed in 1 patient. Conclusion These findings suggest that the prevalence of PA may be high among patients with PC. An active examination is needed to detect PA, as its signs and symptoms may be mild in patients with PC associated with hypertension.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shigenori Nakamura
- Thyroid and Diabetic Division, Department of Internal Medicine, Japanese Red Cross Gifu Hospital, Japan
| | - Masatoshi Ishimori
- Thyroid and Diabetic Division, Department of Internal Medicine, Japanese Red Cross Gifu Hospital, Japan
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14
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Schreier B, Wolf A, Hammer S, Pohl S, Mildenberger S, Rabe S, Gekle M, Zipprich A. The selective mineralocorticoid receptor antagonist eplerenone prevents decompensation of the liver in cirrhosis. Br J Pharmacol 2018; 175:2956-2967. [PMID: 29682743 DOI: 10.1111/bph.14341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2017] [Revised: 01/27/2018] [Accepted: 03/08/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE The mineralocorticoid receptor (MR) contributes to fibrosis in various tissues, and MR antagonists, like eplerenone, are used to prevent fibrosis. The role of MR antagonists in hepatic fibrosis and cirrhosis is unknown. Here, we investigated the role of MRs and eplerenone in cirrhosis development. EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH Liver fibrosis (5 weeks) and cirrhosis, without (8 weeks) and with ascites (12 weeks), were induced by CCl4 in rats and comprehensively analysed. The effect of eplerenone on the development of cirrhosis with ascites was assessed. MR expression, cellular and subcellular distribution and impact of hypoxia were investigated in vivo and ex vivo. Primary rat hepatocytes and cell lines were used to investigate MR trafficking and transcriptional activity mechanistically. KEY RESULTS In cirrhosis with ascites, MR mRNA and protein expressions were reduced in hepatocytes of hypoxic areas. While in normoxic areas MRs were mainly cytosolic, the remaining MRs in hypoxic areas were mainly localized in the nuclei, indicating activation followed by translocation and degradation. Accordingly, eplerenone treatment prevented nuclear MR translocation and the worsening of cirrhosis. Exposing hepatocytes ex vivo to hypoxia induced nuclear MR translocation and enhanced transcriptional MR activity at response elements of the NF-κB pathway. CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS We showed for the first time that hypoxia leads to a pathogenetic ligand-independent activation of hepatic MRs during cirrhosis resulting in their nuclear translocation and transcriptional activation of the NF-κB pathway. Treatment with eplerenone prevented the worsening of cirrhosis by blocking this ligand-independent activation of the MR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbara Schreier
- Julius Bernstein Institute of Physiology, Medical School, Martin Luther University of Halle-Wittenberg, Halle, Germany
| | - Anja Wolf
- Laboratory of Molecular Hepatology, Clinic of Internal Medicine I, Martin Luther University of Halle-Wittenberg, Halle, Germany.,Julius Bernstein Institute of Physiology, Medical School, Martin Luther University of Halle-Wittenberg, Halle, Germany
| | - Stefanie Hammer
- Laboratory of Molecular Hepatology, Clinic of Internal Medicine I, Martin Luther University of Halle-Wittenberg, Halle, Germany
| | - Sabine Pohl
- Laboratory of Molecular Hepatology, Clinic of Internal Medicine I, Martin Luther University of Halle-Wittenberg, Halle, Germany
| | - Sigrid Mildenberger
- Julius Bernstein Institute of Physiology, Medical School, Martin Luther University of Halle-Wittenberg, Halle, Germany
| | - Sindy Rabe
- Julius Bernstein Institute of Physiology, Medical School, Martin Luther University of Halle-Wittenberg, Halle, Germany
| | - Michael Gekle
- Julius Bernstein Institute of Physiology, Medical School, Martin Luther University of Halle-Wittenberg, Halle, Germany
| | - Alexander Zipprich
- Laboratory of Molecular Hepatology, Clinic of Internal Medicine I, Martin Luther University of Halle-Wittenberg, Halle, Germany
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15
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Zimnol A, Amann K, Mandel P, Hartmann C, Schupp N. Angiotensin II type 1a receptor-deficient mice develop angiotensin II-induced oxidative stress and DNA damage without blood pressure increase. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 2017; 313:F1264-F1273. [PMID: 28877878 DOI: 10.1152/ajprenal.00183.2017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2017] [Revised: 08/04/2017] [Accepted: 08/29/2017] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Hypertensive patients have an increased risk of developing kidney cancer. We have shown in vivo that besides elevating blood pressure, angiotensin II causes DNA damage dose dependently. Here, the role of blood pressure in the formation of DNA damage is studied. Mice lacking one of the two murine angiotensin II type 1 receptor (AT1R) subtypes, AT1aR, were equipped with osmotic minipumps, delivering angiotensin II during 28 days. Parameters of oxidative stress and DNA damage of kidneys and hearts of AT1aR-knockout mice were compared with wild-type (C57BL/6) mice receiving angiotensin II, and additionally, with wild-type mice treated with candesartan, an antagonist of both AT1R subtypes. In wild-type mice, angiotensin II induced hypertension, reduced kidney function, and led to a significant formation of reactive oxygen species (ROS). Furthermore, genomic damage was markedly increased in this group. All these responses to angiotensin II could be attenuated by concurrent administration of candesartan. In AT1aR-deficient mice treated with angiotensin II, systolic pressure was not increased, and renal function was not affected. However, angiotensin II still led to an increase of ROS in kidneys and hearts of these animals. Additionally, genomic damage in the form of double-strand breaks was significantly induced in kidneys of AT1aR-deficient mice. Our results show that angiotensin II induced ROS production and DNA damage even without the presence of AT1aR and independently of blood pressure changes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Zimnol
- Institute of Toxicology, Medical Faculty, University of Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany; and
| | - Kerstin Amann
- Department of Nephropathology, Institute of Pathology, University of Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Philipp Mandel
- Institute of Toxicology, Medical Faculty, University of Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany; and
| | - Christina Hartmann
- Institute of Toxicology, Medical Faculty, University of Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany; and
| | - Nicole Schupp
- Institute of Toxicology, Medical Faculty, University of Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany; and
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16
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Luo X, Dan Wang, Luo X, Zhu X, Wang G, Ning Z, Li Y, Ma X, Yang R, Jin S, Huang Y, Meng Y, Li X. Caveolin 1-related autophagy initiated by aldosterone-induced oxidation promotes liver sinusoidal endothelial cells defenestration. Redox Biol 2017; 13:508-521. [PMID: 28734243 PMCID: PMC5521033 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2017.07.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2017] [Revised: 06/12/2017] [Accepted: 07/12/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Aldosterone, with pro-oxidation and pro-autophagy capabilities, plays a key role in liver fibrosis. However, the mechanisms underlying aldosterone-promoted liver sinusoidal endothelial cells (LSECs) defenestration remain unknown. Caveolin 1 (Cav1) displays close links with autophagy and fenestration. Hence, we aim to investigate the role of Cav1-related autophagy in LSECs defenestration. We found the increase of aldosterone/MR (mineralocorticoid receptor) level, oxidation, autophagy, and defenestration in LSECs in the human fibrotic liver, BDL or hyperaldosteronism models; while antagonizing aldosterone or inhibiting autophagy relieved LSECs defenestration in BDL-induced fibrosis or hyperaldosteronism models. In vitro, fenestrae of primary LSECs gradually shrank, along with the down-regulation of the NO-dependent pathway and the augment of the AMPK-dependent autophagy; these effects were aggravated by rapamycin (an autophagy activator) or aldosterone treatment. Additionally, aldosterone increased oxidation mediated by Cav1, reduced ATP generation, and subsequently induced the AMPK-dependent autophagy, leading to the down-regulation of the NO-dependent pathway and LSECs defenestration. These effects were reversed by MR antagonist spironolactone, antioxidants or autophagy inhibitors. Besides, aldosterone enhanced the co-immunoprecipitation of Cav1 with p62 and ubiquitin, and induced Cav1 co-immunofluorescence staining with LC3, ubiquitin, and F-actin in the perinuclear area of LSECs. Furthermore, aldosterone treatment increased the membrane protein level of Cav1, whereas decrease the cytoplasmic protein level of Cav1, indicating that aldosterone induced Cav1-related selective autophagy and F-actin remodeling to promote defenestration. Consequently, Cav1-related selective autophagy initiated by aldosterone-induced oxidation promotes LSECs defenestration via activating the AMPK-ULK1 pathway and inhibiting the NO-dependent pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoying Luo
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Gastroenterology, Department of Gastroenterology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China; State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Viral Hepatitis Research, Department of Infectious Diseases, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Dan Wang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Gastroenterology, Department of Gastroenterology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xuan Luo
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Guizhou Provincial People's Hospital, No. 52 Zhongshan East Road Nanming District, Guiyang, Guizhou Province, China
| | - Xintao Zhu
- Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Guozhen Wang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Gastroenterology, Department of Gastroenterology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zuowei Ning
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Gastroenterology, Department of Gastroenterology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yang Li
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Gastroenterology, Department of Gastroenterology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiaoxin Ma
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Gastroenterology, Department of Gastroenterology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Renqiang Yang
- Department of Emergency and Critical Care Medicine, Guangdong General Hospital & Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Siyi Jin
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Gastroenterology, Department of Gastroenterology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yun Huang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Gastroenterology, Department of Gastroenterology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ying Meng
- Department of Respiratory Diseases, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China.
| | - Xu Li
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Gastroenterology, Department of Gastroenterology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China; State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Viral Hepatitis Research, Department of Infectious Diseases, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China.
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17
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Gao J, Qin XJ, Jiang H, Chen JF, Wang T, Zhang T, Xu SZ, Song JM. Detecting serum and urine metabolic profile changes of CCl 4-liver fibrosis in rats at 12 weeks based on gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. Exp Ther Med 2017; 14:1496-1504. [PMID: 28810615 PMCID: PMC5525970 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2017.4668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2015] [Accepted: 10/18/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Liver fibrosis is caused by liver injury induced by a number of chronic liver diseases, including schistosome infection, hepatitis infection, metabolic disease, alcoholism and cholestasis. The tissue damage occurring after injury or inflammation of the liver is a reversible lesion; however, liver fibrosis has become a worldwide problem and poses a threat to human health. The development of an effective drug for the prevention and treatment of liver fibrosis is ongoing and uses information from different occurrences of liver fibrosis. In the present study, carbon tetrachloride (CCl4)-induced metabonomic changes in serum and urine at 12 weeks were analyzed using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC/MS) to investigate potential biomarkers. Liver fibrosis was induced in rats by subcutaneous injections of CCl4 twice a week for 12 consecutive weeks. Histopathological changes were used to assess the successful production of a CCl4-induced liver fibrosis model. Serum and urine samples from the two groups were collected at 12 weeks. The metabolic profile changes were analyzed by GC/MS alongside principal component analysis and orthogonal projections to latent structures. Metabolic profile studies indicated that the clustering of the two groups could be separated and seven metabolites in serum and five metabolites in urine were identified. In serum, the metabolites identified included isoleucine, L-malic acid, α-copper, carnitine, hippuric acid, glutaric acid and glucose. In urine 2-hydroxy butyric acid, isoleucine, N-acetyl-β-alanine, cytidine and corticoid were identified. The present study demonstrated that the pathogenesis of liver fibrosis may be associated with the dysfunction of a number of metabolic pathways, including glucose, amino acid, P450, fatty acid, nucleic acid, water-electrolyte and glutathione biosynthesis. Assessing potential biomarkers may therefore provide novel targets and theories for the innovation of novel drugs to prevent and cure liver fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiarong Gao
- Department of Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, Anhui 230031, P.R. China
| | - Xiu-Juan Qin
- Department of Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, Anhui 230031, P.R. China
| | - Hui Jiang
- Department of Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, Anhui 230031, P.R. China
| | - Jin-Feng Chen
- Department of Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, Anhui 230031, P.R. China
| | - Ting Wang
- College of Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, Anhui 230031, P.R. China
| | - Ting Zhang
- College of Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, Anhui 230031, P.R. China
| | - Shuang-Zhi Xu
- College of Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, Anhui 230031, P.R. China
| | - Jun-Mei Song
- College of Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, Anhui 230031, P.R. China
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18
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Goldberg DJ, Surrey LF, Glatz AC, Dodds K, O'Byrne ML, Lin HC, Fogel M, Rome JJ, Rand EB, Russo P, Rychik J. Hepatic Fibrosis Is Universal Following Fontan Operation, and Severity is Associated With Time From Surgery: A Liver Biopsy and Hemodynamic Study. J Am Heart Assoc 2017; 6:JAHA.116.004809. [PMID: 28446492 PMCID: PMC5524062 DOI: 10.1161/jaha.116.004809] [Citation(s) in RCA: 173] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Background Congestive hepatopathy is a recognized complication of Fontan physiology. Data regarding the incidence of hepatopathy and risk factors are lacking. Methods and Results Liver biopsies and cardiac catherizations were performed as part of an evaluation offered to all patients ≥10 years after Fontan. Quantitative determination of hepatic fibrosis was performed using Sirius red staining with automated calculation of collagen deposition per slide (%CD). Biopsies from included subjects were compared to stained specimens from controls without known fibrotic liver disease. Patient characteristics, echocardiographic findings, and hemodynamic measures were evaluated as potential risk factors. The cohort consisted of 67 patients (31 female) at mean age of 17.3±4.5 years and mean time from Fontan of 14.9±4.5 years. Right ventricular morphology was present in 37 subjects. Median %CD by Sirius red staining was 21.6% (range 8.7% to 49.4%) compared to 2.6% (range 2.2% to 3.0%) in controls. There was a significant correlation between time from Fontan and degree of Sirius red staining (r=0.33, P<0.01). Serum liver enzymes and platelet count did not correlate with %CD. The median inferior vena cava pressure was 13 mm Hg (range 6‐24 mm Hg) and did not correlate with %CD. There was no difference in %CD based on ventricular morphology or severity of atrioventricular valve insufficiency. Conclusions In this cohort of predominantly asymptomatic children and adolescents electively evaluated after a Fontan operation, all exhibited evidence for hepatic fibrosis as measured by collagen deposition in the liver. Time from Fontan was the only factor significantly associated with collagen deposition. These findings demonstrate that liver fibrosis is an inherent feature of Fontan physiology and that the degree of fibrosis increases over time.
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Affiliation(s)
- David J Goldberg
- Division of Cardiology, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Lea F Surrey
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Andrew C Glatz
- Division of Cardiology, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Kathryn Dodds
- Division of Cardiology, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Michael L O'Byrne
- Division of Cardiology, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Henry C Lin
- Division of Gastroenterology, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Mark Fogel
- Division of Cardiology, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Jonathan J Rome
- Division of Cardiology, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Elizabeth B Rand
- Division of Gastroenterology, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Pierre Russo
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Jack Rychik
- Division of Cardiology, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
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19
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Queisser N, Schupp N, Schwarz E, Hartmann C, Mackenzie GG, Oteiza PI. Aldosterone activates the oncogenic signals ERK1/2 and STAT3 via redox‐regulated mechanisms. Mol Carcinog 2017; 56:1868-1883. [DOI: 10.1002/mc.22643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2016] [Revised: 02/10/2017] [Accepted: 03/03/2017] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Nina Queisser
- Institute of Toxicology, Medical FacultyUniversity of DüsseldorfDüsseldorfGermany
- Department of NutritionUniversity of CaliforniaDavisCalifornia
| | - Nicole Schupp
- Institute of Toxicology, Medical FacultyUniversity of DüsseldorfDüsseldorfGermany
| | - Eva Schwarz
- Institute of Toxicology, Medical FacultyUniversity of DüsseldorfDüsseldorfGermany
| | - Christina Hartmann
- Institute of Toxicology, Medical FacultyUniversity of DüsseldorfDüsseldorfGermany
| | | | - Patricia I. Oteiza
- Department of NutritionUniversity of CaliforniaDavisCalifornia
- Department of Environmental ToxicologyUniversity of CaliforniaDavisCalifornia
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Heshmati N, Shahgheibi S, Nikkhoo B, Amini S, Abdi M. Association of Prooxidant-Antioxidant Balance with Clinical and Laboratory Parameters and Its Relation to Different Drug Regimens in Polycystic Ovary Syndrome Women with Normal BMI. Indian J Clin Biochem 2016; 32:315-322. [PMID: 28811691 DOI: 10.1007/s12291-016-0613-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2016] [Accepted: 08/24/2016] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Polycystic ovarian syndrome is one of the most common hormonally leading cause infertility disorders. The effect of oxidant-antioxidant imbalance on disease progression has been studied in many disorders. The present study was aimed to evaluate prooxidant-antioxidant balance (PAB) in patients with polycystic ovarian syndrome compared to healthy subjects. We also studied the possible effect of treatment with available drugs on serum PAB. In this case-control study 100 polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) patients and 100 healthy individuals were enrolled in the study. The laboratory features of patients and controls like as serum LH and FSH concentration and hematological examinations were collected. PAB was evaluated by a colorimetric method. Serum PAB value was significantly higher before treatment compared to after treatment and healthy subjects. PAB values were also higher in subjects with irregular menstrual cycle compared to normal subjects. Our results represented that serum PAB values has an indirect significant correlation with serum LH concentration. We also found that drugs regimen containing spironolactone effectively reduced the serum PAB values. Our results showed that PCOS patients had increased level of PAB and treatment with spironolactone mainly decreases the level of serum PAB. Our results indicate that the measurements of PAB may be used as a potential laboratory marker for assessment of PCOS patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Niloofar Heshmati
- Department of Biology, Sanandaj Branch, Islamic Azad University, Sanandaj, Iran
| | - Shoaleh Shahgheibi
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Faculty of Medicine, Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences, Sanandaj, Iran
| | - Bahram Nikkhoo
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences, Sanandaj, Iran
| | - Sabrieh Amini
- Department of Biology, Sanandaj Branch, Islamic Azad University, Sanandaj, Iran
| | - Mohammad Abdi
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences, Sanandaj, Iran.,Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicin, Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences, Sanandaj, Iran
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Bankoglu EE, Seyfried F, Rotzinger L, Nordbeck A, Corteville C, Jurowich C, Germer CT, Otto C, Stopper H. Impact of weight loss induced by gastric bypass or caloric restriction on oxidative stress and genomic damage in obese Zucker rats. Free Radic Biol Med 2016; 94:208-17. [PMID: 26939878 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2016.02.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2015] [Revised: 02/26/2016] [Accepted: 02/27/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Evidence on bariatric surgery induced weight loss and its possible impact on cancer risk is limited, but also controversial. We used obese Zucker(fa/fa) and lean Zucker(fa/+) to investigate the association between obesity, oxidative stress and genomic damage after weight loss induced either by Roux-en-Y gastric bypass surgery (RYGB) or caloric restriction. METHODS Male Zucker(fa/fa) rats underwent RYGB (n=15) or sham surgery (n=17). Five shams were food restricted and body weight matched (BWM) to RYGB. Twelve Zucker(fa/+) rats served as lean controls. Body weight and food intake were measured daily. An oral glucose tolerance test was performed on day 27. DHE staining and western blots of HSP70 and HO-1 were used to evaluate oxidative stress and anti-3-nitrotyrosine antibody staining for nitrative stress detection in colon and kidney. Lipid peroxidation products in urine were quantified by TBARS assay. LC/MS/MS was applied to measure urinary excretion of 8-oxoGua (oxidized DNA derived base), 8-oxodG (oxidized DNA derived nucleoside) and 8-oxoGuo (oxidized RNA derived nucleoside). DNA double strand breaks (DSBs) and cell proliferation (PCNA) were detected by immunohistochemistry. RESULTS Sham-operated rats showed impaired glucose tolerance, elevated plasma insulin levels as well as elevated oxidative stress and nitrative stress markers, which were less severe after weight loss by RYGB or caloric restriction. Cell proliferation showed similar trends but no significant alteration. DNA DSBs were more frequent in sham-operated compared to all other groups. DNA damage in Zucker(fa/fa) rats positively correlated with basal plasma insulin values (Spearman's correlation coefficient for colon, 0.634 and for kidney, 0.525). CONCLUSIONS RYGB and caloric restriction were sufficient to significantly reduce elevated oxidative/nitrative stress and genomic damage in obese Zucker(fa/fa) rats. Further investigations are needed to elucidate the underlying mechanism of these genome protective effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ezgi Eyluel Bankoglu
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Wuerzburg, Versbacher Str. 9, 97078 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Florian Seyfried
- Department of General, Visceral, Vascular and Paediatric Surgery, University Hospital of Wuerzburg, Germany
| | - Laura Rotzinger
- Department of General, Visceral, Vascular and Paediatric Surgery, University Hospital of Wuerzburg, Germany
| | - Arno Nordbeck
- Department of General, Visceral, Vascular and Paediatric Surgery, University Hospital of Wuerzburg, Germany
| | - Caroline Corteville
- Department of General, Visceral, Vascular and Paediatric Surgery, University Hospital of Wuerzburg, Germany
| | - Christian Jurowich
- Department of General, Visceral, Vascular and Paediatric Surgery, University Hospital of Wuerzburg, Germany
| | - Christoph Thomas Germer
- Department of General, Visceral, Vascular and Paediatric Surgery, University Hospital of Wuerzburg, Germany
| | - Christoph Otto
- Department of General, Visceral, Vascular and Paediatric Surgery, University Hospital of Wuerzburg, Germany; Experimental Surgery, Department of General, Visceral, Vascular, and Pediatric Surgery, University Hospital of Wuerzburg, Germany
| | - Helga Stopper
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Wuerzburg, Versbacher Str. 9, 97078 Würzburg, Germany.
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Modulation of Immunity and Inflammation by the Mineralocorticoid Receptor and Aldosterone. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2015; 2015:652738. [PMID: 26448944 PMCID: PMC4581510 DOI: 10.1155/2015/652738] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2015] [Revised: 05/07/2015] [Accepted: 06/03/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The mineralocorticoid receptor (MR) is a ligand dependent transcription factor. MR has been traditionally associated with the control of water and electrolyte homeostasis in order to keep blood pressure through aldosterone activation. However, there is growing evidence indicating that MR expression is not restricted to vascular and renal tissues, as it can be also expressed by cells of the immune system, where it responds to stimulation or antagonism, controlling immune cell function. On the other hand, aldosterone also has been associated with proinflammatory immune effects, such as the release of proinflammatory cytokines, generating oxidative stress and inducing fibrosis. The inflammatory participation of MR and aldosterone in the cardiovascular disease suggests an association with alterations in the immune system. Hypertensive patients show higher levels of proinflammatory mediators that can be modulated by MR antagonism. Although these proinflammatory properties have been observed in other autoimmune and chronic inflammatory diseases, the cellular and molecular mechanisms that mediate these effects remain unknown. Here we review and discuss the scientific work aimed at determining the immunological role of MR and aldosterone in humans, as well as animal models.
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