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Vyavahare S, Ahluwalia P, Gupta SK, Kolhe R, Hill WD, Hamrick M, Isales CM, Fulzele S. The Role of Aryl Hydrocarbon Receptor in Bone Biology. Int J Tryptophan Res 2024; 17:11786469241246674. [PMID: 38757095 PMCID: PMC11097734 DOI: 10.1177/11786469241246674] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2023] [Accepted: 03/25/2024] [Indexed: 05/18/2024] Open
Abstract
Aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR), a ligand-activated transcription factor, is crucial in maintaining the skeletal system. Our study focuses on encapsulating the role of AhR in bone biology and identifying novel signaling pathways in musculoskeletal pathologies using the GEO dataset. The GEO2R analysis identified 8 genes (CYP1C1, SULT6B1, CYB5A, EDN1, CXCR4B, CTGFA, TIPARP, and CXXC5A) involved in the AhR pathway, which play a pivotal role in bone remodeling. The AhR knockout in hematopoietic stem cells showed alteration in several novel bone-related transcriptomes (eg, Defb14, ZNF 51, and Chrm5). Gene Ontology Enrichment Analysis demonstrated 54 different biological processes associated with bone homeostasis. Mainly, these processes include bone morphogenesis, bone development, bone trabeculae formation, bone resorption, bone maturation, bone mineralization, and bone marrow development. Employing Functional Annotation and Clustering through DAVID, we further uncovered the involvement of the xenobiotic metabolic process, p450 pathway, oxidation-reduction, and nitric oxide biosynthesis process in the AhR signaling pathway. The conflicting evidence of current research of AhR signaling on bone (positive and negative effects) homeostasis may be due to variations in ligand binding affinity, binding sites, half-life, chemical structure, and other unknown factors. In summary, our study provides a comprehensive understanding of the underlying mechanisms of the AhR pathway in bone biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sagar Vyavahare
- Department of Medicine, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, USA
| | | | | | - Ravindra Kolhe
- Department of Pathology, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, USA
| | - William D Hill
- Department of Pathology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA
| | - Mark Hamrick
- Department of Cell Biology and Anatomy, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, USA
- Center for Healthy Aging, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, USA
| | - Carlos M Isales
- Department of Medicine, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, USA
- Center for Healthy Aging, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, USA
| | - Sadanand Fulzele
- Department of Medicine, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, USA
- Department of Cell Biology and Anatomy, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, USA
- Center for Healthy Aging, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, USA
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2
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Yang Y, Tao Y, Yi X, Zhong G, Gu Y, Cui Y, Zhang Y. Crosstalk between aryl hydrocarbon receptor and Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway: Possible culprit of di (2-ethylhexyl) phthalate-mediated cardiotoxicity in zebrafish larvae. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 907:167907. [PMID: 37866606 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.167907] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2023] [Revised: 10/16/2023] [Accepted: 10/16/2023] [Indexed: 10/24/2023]
Abstract
Typical plasticizer di (2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP) has been demonstrated to induce cardiotoxicity in zebrafish, but the potential molecular mechanisms involved have not been fully elucidated. Aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR), an essential protein for inducing developmental abnormalities, has been demonstrated to be activated by DEHP in other species, but whether the AhR signaling pathway also contributes to DEHP-mediated cardiac developmental toxicity in zebrafish remains unclear. Firstly, molecular docking simulations initially confirmed the possibility that DEHP has AhR agonistic activity. To further confirm this conjecture, this work analyzed the changes of cardiac-related indexes in zebrafish stressed by DEHP at individual, protein, and gene levels. The results showed that DEHP mediated cardiac phenotypic developmental defects, increased CYP1A1 activity, and oxidative stress as well as significant changes in the expression levels of key proteins and genes of AhR, Wnt/β-catenin, and Nrf2-Keap1 signaling pathways. Notably, the addition of AhR inhibitors effectively alleviated the above negative effects, indicating that the AhR signaling pathway and its crosstalk with the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway is an essential pathway for DEHP-mediated cardiac developmental toxicity. Overall, this work enriches the molecular mechanism of DEHP-mediated cardiac developmental defects in zebrafish and provides a reliable biomarker for future environmental risk assessment of DEHP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Yang
- School of Resources and Environment, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, PR China
| | - Yue Tao
- School of Resources and Environment, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, PR China
| | - Xiaodong Yi
- School of Resources and Environment, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, PR China
| | - Guanyu Zhong
- School of Resources and Environment, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, PR China
| | - Yanyan Gu
- School of Resources and Environment, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, PR China
| | - Yunhe Cui
- School of Resources and Environment, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, PR China
| | - Ying Zhang
- School of Resources and Environment, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, PR China.
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3
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Chatterjee P, Banerjee S. Unveiling the mechanistic role of the Aryl hydrocarbon receptor in environmentally induced Breast cancer. Biochem Pharmacol 2023; 218:115866. [PMID: 37863327 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2023.115866] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2023] [Revised: 09/25/2023] [Accepted: 10/17/2023] [Indexed: 10/22/2023]
Abstract
The aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) is a crucial cytosolic evolutionary conserved ligand-activated transcription factor and a pleiotropic signal transducer. The biosensor activity of the AhR is attributed to the promiscuity of its ligand-binding domain. Evidence suggests exposure to environmental toxins such as polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, polychlorinated biphenyls and halogenated aromatic hydrocarbons activates the AhR signaling pathway. The constitutive activation of the receptor signaling system leads to multiple health adversities and enhances the risk of several cancers, including breast cancer (BC). This review evaluates several mechanisms that integrate the tumor-inducing property of such environmental contaminants with the AhR pathway assisting in BC tumorigenesis, progress and metastasis. Intriguingly, immune evasion is identified as a prominent hallmark in BC. Several emerging pieces of evidence have identified AhR as a potent immunosuppressive effector in several cancers. Through AhR signaling pathways, some tumors can avoid immune detection. Thus the relevance of AhR in the immunomodulation of breast tumors and its putative mode of action in the breast tumor microenvironment are discussed in this review. Additionally, the work also explores BC stemness and its associated inflammation in response to several environmental cues. The review elucidates the context-dependent ambiguous behavior of AhR either as an oncogene or a tumor suppressor with respect to its ligand. Conclusively, this holistic piece of literature attempts to potentiate AhR as a promising pharmacological target in BC and updates on the therapeutic manipulation of its various exogenous and endogenous ligands.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prarthana Chatterjee
- School of BioSciences and Technology, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore- 632014, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Satarupa Banerjee
- School of BioSciences and Technology, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore- 632014, Tamil Nadu, India.
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4
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Grishanova AY, Klyushova LS, Perepechaeva ML. AhR and Wnt/β-Catenin Signaling Pathways and Their Interplay. Curr Issues Mol Biol 2023; 45:3848-3876. [PMID: 37232717 DOI: 10.3390/cimb45050248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2023] [Revised: 04/27/2023] [Accepted: 04/28/2023] [Indexed: 05/27/2023] Open
Abstract
As evolutionarily conserved signaling cascades, AhR and Wnt signaling pathways play a critical role in the control over numerous vital embryonic and somatic processes. AhR performs many endogenous functions by integrating its signaling pathway into organ homeostasis and into the maintenance of crucial cellular functions and biological processes. The Wnt signaling pathway regulates cell proliferation, differentiation, and many other phenomena, and this regulation is important for embryonic development and the dynamic balance of adult tissues. AhR and Wnt are the main signaling pathways participating in the control of cell fate and function. They occupy a central position in a variety of processes linked with development and various pathological conditions. Given the importance of these two signaling cascades, it would be interesting to elucidate the biological implications of their interaction. Functional connections between AhR and Wnt signals take place in cases of crosstalk or interplay, about which quite a lot of information has been accumulated in recent years. This review is focused on recent studies about the mutual interactions of key mediators of AhR and Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathways and on the assessment of the complexity of the crosstalk between the AhR signaling cascade and the canonical Wnt pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alevtina Y Grishanova
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Biophysics, Federal Research Center of Fundamental and Translational Medicine, Timakova Str. 2, Novosibirsk 630117, Russia
| | - Lyubov S Klyushova
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Biophysics, Federal Research Center of Fundamental and Translational Medicine, Timakova Str. 2, Novosibirsk 630117, Russia
| | - Maria L Perepechaeva
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Biophysics, Federal Research Center of Fundamental and Translational Medicine, Timakova Str. 2, Novosibirsk 630117, Russia
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5
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Zhang M, Chen J, Jiang Y, Chen T. Fine particulate matter induces heart defects via AHR/ROS-mediated endoplasmic reticulum stress. CHEMOSPHERE 2022; 307:135962. [PMID: 35948106 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2022.135962] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2022] [Revised: 07/23/2022] [Accepted: 08/02/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Accumulating body of evidence indicates that exposure to fine particulate matter (PM2.5) is closely associated with congenital heart disease in the offspring, but the underlying molecular mechanisms remain to be elucidated. We previously reported that extractable organic matter (EOM) from PM2.5 induces reactive oxygen species (ROS) overproduction by activating aromatic hydrocarbon receptor (AHR), leading to heart defects in zebrafish embryos. We hypothesized that endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress might be elicited by the excessive ROS production and thereby contribute to the cardiac developmental toxicity of PM2.5. In this study, we examined the effects of EOM on endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress, apoptosis, and Wnt signal pathway in zebrafish embryos, and explored their roles in EOM-induced heart defects. Our results showed that 4-Phenylbutyric acid (4-PBA), a pharmaceutical inhibitor of ER stress, significantly attenuated the EOM-elevated heart malformation rates. Moreover, EOM upregulated the expression levels of ER stress marker genes including CHOP and PDI in the heart of zebrafish embryos, which were counteracted by genetic or pharmaceutical inhibition of AHR activity. The ROS scavenger N-Acetyl-l-cysteine (NAC) also abolished the EOM-induced ER stress. We further demonstrated that both 4-PBA and CHOP genetic knockdown rescued the PM2.5-induced ROS overproduction, apoptosis and suppression of Wnt signaling. In conclusion, our results indicate that PM2.5 induces AHR/ROS-mediated ER stress, which leads to apoptosis and Wnt signaling inhibition, ultimately resulting in heart defects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingxuan Zhang
- Suzhou Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, China; Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Preventive and Translational Medicine for Geriatric Diseases, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Jin Chen
- Suzhou Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, China; Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Preventive and Translational Medicine for Geriatric Diseases, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Yan Jiang
- Suzhou Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, China; Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Preventive and Translational Medicine for Geriatric Diseases, Soochow University, Suzhou, China.
| | - Tao Chen
- Suzhou Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, China; Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Preventive and Translational Medicine for Geriatric Diseases, Soochow University, Suzhou, China.
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6
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Sakthiswary R, Uma Veshaaliini R, Chin KY, Das S, Sirasanagandla SR. Pathomechanisms of bone loss in rheumatoid arthritis. Front Med (Lausanne) 2022; 9:962969. [PMID: 36059831 PMCID: PMC9428319 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2022.962969] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2022] [Accepted: 08/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is an autoimmune disease, in which the inflammatory processes involve the skeletal system and there is marked destruction of the bones and the surrounding structures. In this review, we discuss the current concepts of osteoimmunology in RA, which represent the molecular crosstalk between the immune and skeletal systems, resulting in the disruption of bone remodeling. Bone loss in RA can be focal or generalized, leading to secondary osteoporosis. We have summarized the recent studies of bone loss in RA, which focused on the molecular aspects, such as cytokines, autoantibodies, receptor activator of nuclear kappa-β ligand (RANKL) and osteoprotegerin (OPG). Apart from the above molecules, the role of aryl hydrocarbon receptor (Ahr), which is a potential key mediator in this process through the generation of the Th17 cells, is discussed. Hence, this review highlights the key insights into molecular mechanisms of bone loss in RA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajalingham Sakthiswary
- Department of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia Medical Centre, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
- *Correspondence: Rajalingham Sakthiswary
| | | | - Kok-Yong Chin
- Department of Pharmacology, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia Medical Centre, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Srijit Das
- Department of Human and Clinical Anatomy College of Medicine and Health Sciences Sultan Qaboos University, Muscat, Oman
| | - Srinivasa Rao Sirasanagandla
- Department of Human and Clinical Anatomy College of Medicine and Health Sciences Sultan Qaboos University, Muscat, Oman
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Shah K, Maradana MR, Joaquina Delàs M, Metidji A, Graelmann F, Llorian M, Chakravarty P, Li Y, Tolaini M, Shapiro M, Kelly G, Cheshire C, Bhurta D, Bharate SB, Stockinger B. Cell-intrinsic Aryl Hydrocarbon Receptor signalling is required for the resolution of injury-induced colonic stem cells. Nat Commun 2022; 13:1827. [PMID: 35383166 PMCID: PMC8983642 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-29098-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2021] [Accepted: 02/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AHR) is an environmental sensor that integrates microbial and dietary cues to influence physiological processes within the intestinal microenvironment, protecting against colitis and colitis-associated colorectal cancer development. Rapid tissue regeneration upon injury is important for the reinstatement of barrier integrity and its dysregulation promotes malignant transformation. Here we show that AHR is important for the termination of the regenerative response and the reacquisition of mature epithelial cell identity post injury in vivo and in organoid cultures in vitro. Using an integrative multi-omics approach in colon organoids, we show that AHR is required for timely termination of the regenerative response through direct regulation of transcription factors involved in epithelial cell differentiation as well as restriction of chromatin accessibility to regeneration-associated Yap/Tead transcriptional targets. Safeguarding a regulated regenerative response places AHR at a pivotal position in the delicate balance between controlled regeneration and malignant transformation. Rapid intestinal regeneration after injury is critical to maintain barrier integrity and homeostasis, but must be tightly controlled to prevent tumorigenesis. Here they show that the aryl hydrocarbon receptor is required to terminate the regenerative response after wound healing.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Amina Metidji
- Department of Oncology, St Jude Children's Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Frederike Graelmann
- Immunology and Environment, Life & Medical Sciences (LIMES) Institute, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | | | | | - Ying Li
- The Francis Crick Institute, London, UK
| | | | | | | | | | - Deendyal Bhurta
- Natural Products & Medicinal Chemistry Division, CSIR - Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine, Canal Road, Jammu, 180001, India
| | - Sandip B Bharate
- Natural Products & Medicinal Chemistry Division, CSIR - Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine, Canal Road, Jammu, 180001, India
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8
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Yadetie F, Brun NR, Vieweg I, Nahrgang J, Karlsen OA, Goksøyr A. Transcriptome responses in polar cod (Boreogadus saida) liver slice culture exposed to benzo[a]pyrene and ethynylestradiol: insights into anti-estrogenic effects. Toxicol In Vitro 2021; 75:105193. [PMID: 34015484 DOI: 10.1016/j.tiv.2021.105193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2021] [Revised: 05/10/2021] [Accepted: 05/13/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Polar cod (Boreogadus saida) is a key species in the arctic marine ecosystem vulnerable to effects of pollution, particularly from petroleum related activities. To facilitate studying the effects of those pollutants, we adapted a precision-cut liver slice culture protocol for this species. Using this system on board a research vessel, we studied gene expression in liver slice after exposure to the polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) benzo[a]pyrene (BaP), ethynylestradiol (EE2), and their mixtures, to map their molecular targets and examine possible anti-estrogenic effects of BaP. The exposure experiments were performed with BaP alone (0.1, 1, and 10 μM) or in combination with low concentrations of EE2 (5 nM) to mimic physiological estradiol levels in early vitellogenic female fish. Transcriptome analysis (RNA-seq) was performed after 72 h exposure in culture to map the genes and cellular pathways affected. The results provide a view of global transcriptome responses to BaP and EE2, which resulted in enrichment of many pathways such as the aryl hydrocarbon (Ahr) and estrogen receptor pathways. In the mixture exposure, BaP resulted in anti-estrogenic effects, shown by attenuation of EE2 activated transcription of many estrogen target genes. The results from this ex vivo experiment suggest that pollutants that activate the Ahr pathway such as the PAH compound BaP can result in anti-estrogenic effects that may lead to endocrine disruption in polar cod.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fekadu Yadetie
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway.
| | - Nadja R Brun
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway; Biology Department, Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, Woods Hole, MA, USA.
| | - Ireen Vieweg
- Department of Arctic and Marine Biology, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway.
| | - Jasmine Nahrgang
- Department of Arctic and Marine Biology, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway.
| | - Odd André Karlsen
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway.
| | - Anders Goksøyr
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway.
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Batista-Filho J, Falcão MAP, Maleski ALA, Soares ABS, Balan-Lima L, Disner GR, Lima C, Lopes-Ferreira M. Early preclinical screening using zebrafish ( Danio rerio) reveals the safety of the candidate anti-inflammatory therapeutic agent TnP. Toxicol Rep 2020; 8:13-22. [PMID: 33364179 PMCID: PMC7750688 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxrep.2020.12.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2020] [Revised: 12/07/2020] [Accepted: 12/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
TnP has been indicated for chronic inflammatory diseases, multiple sclerosis. Zebrafish is an alternative animal model for preclinical drug development. Preclinical toxicology studies have shown that TnP has a wide therapeutic index range from 1 nM to 10 μM. TnP did not induce cardiotoxic effect or cardiac dysfunction. TnP crossed the blood-brain barrier without causing neurotoxicity.
The patented anti-inflammatory peptide TnP had its effectiveness recently confirmed in vivo in a murine model of multiple sclerosis and asthma. In this work, the safety of the TnP was evaluated in investigative toxicology tests using zebrafish (Danio rerio) as a model. We conducted the OECD #236 test to investigate effects of the TnP on the survival, hatching performance, and morphological formation of zebrafish embryos. After determining these endpoints, morphometric analysis termination of locomotion eartbeat rate in zebrafish larvae were evaluated to identify adverse effects such as neurotoxicity and cardiotoxicity. The results highlight a wide therapeutic index for TnP with non-lethal and safe doses rom 1 nM to 10 μM, without causing neurotoxicity or cardiotoxic effect. The low frequencyf abnormalities by TnP was associated with high safety of the molecule and the developing embryo's ability to process and eliminate it. TnP crossed the blood-brain barrier without disturbing the normal architecture of forebrain, midbrain and hindbrain. Our data reinforce the importance of zebrafish as an accurate investigative toxicology model to assess acute toxicity as well as cardiotoxicity and neurotoxicity of molecules in the preclinical phase of development.
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Affiliation(s)
- João Batista-Filho
- Immunoregulation Unit of the Laboratory of Applied Toxinology (CeTICs/FAPESP), Butantan Institute, Vital Brazil Avenue, 1500, Butantan, 05503-009, São Paulo, Brazil
- Post-Graduation Program of Toxinology, Butantan Institute, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Maria Alice Pimentel Falcão
- Immunoregulation Unit of the Laboratory of Applied Toxinology (CeTICs/FAPESP), Butantan Institute, Vital Brazil Avenue, 1500, Butantan, 05503-009, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Adolfo Luis Almeida Maleski
- Immunoregulation Unit of the Laboratory of Applied Toxinology (CeTICs/FAPESP), Butantan Institute, Vital Brazil Avenue, 1500, Butantan, 05503-009, São Paulo, Brazil
- Post-Graduation Program of Toxinology, Butantan Institute, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Amanda Beatriz Silva Soares
- Immunoregulation Unit of the Laboratory of Applied Toxinology (CeTICs/FAPESP), Butantan Institute, Vital Brazil Avenue, 1500, Butantan, 05503-009, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Leticia Balan-Lima
- Immunoregulation Unit of the Laboratory of Applied Toxinology (CeTICs/FAPESP), Butantan Institute, Vital Brazil Avenue, 1500, Butantan, 05503-009, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Geonildo Rodrigo Disner
- Immunoregulation Unit of the Laboratory of Applied Toxinology (CeTICs/FAPESP), Butantan Institute, Vital Brazil Avenue, 1500, Butantan, 05503-009, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Carla Lima
- Immunoregulation Unit of the Laboratory of Applied Toxinology (CeTICs/FAPESP), Butantan Institute, Vital Brazil Avenue, 1500, Butantan, 05503-009, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Monica Lopes-Ferreira
- Immunoregulation Unit of the Laboratory of Applied Toxinology (CeTICs/FAPESP), Butantan Institute, Vital Brazil Avenue, 1500, Butantan, 05503-009, São Paulo, Brazil
- Corresponding author at: Immunoregulation Unit, Laboratory of Applied Toxinology, Butantan Institute, Brazil.
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Park R, Madhavaram S, Ji JD. The Role of Aryl-Hydrocarbon Receptor (AhR) in Osteoclast Differentiation and Function. Cells 2020; 9:cells9102294. [PMID: 33066667 PMCID: PMC7602422 DOI: 10.3390/cells9102294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2020] [Revised: 10/11/2020] [Accepted: 10/13/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) is a ligand-activated transcription factor that plays a crucial role in bone remodeling through altering the interplay between bone-forming osteoblasts and bone-resorbing osteoclasts. While effects of AhR signaling in osteoblasts are well understood, the role and mechanism of AhR signaling in regulating osteoclastogenesis is not widely understood. AhR, when binding with exogenous ligands (environmental pollutants such as polycylic aryl hydrocarbon (PAH), dioxins) or endogenous ligand indoxyl-sulfate (IS), has dual functions that are mediated by the nature of the binding ligand, binding time, and specific pathways of distinct ligands. In this review, AhR is discussed with a focus on (i) the role of AhR in osteoclast differentiation and function and (ii) the mechanisms of AhR signaling in inhibiting or promoting osteoclastogenesis. These findings facilitate an understanding of the role of AhR in the functional regulation of osteoclasts and in osteoclast-induced bone destructive conditions such as rheumatoid arthritis and cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robin Park
- MetroWest Medical Center/Tufts University School of Medicine, Framingham, MA 01702, USA; (R.P.); (S.M.)
| | - Shreya Madhavaram
- MetroWest Medical Center/Tufts University School of Medicine, Framingham, MA 01702, USA; (R.P.); (S.M.)
| | - Jong Dae Ji
- Department of Rheumatology, College of Medicine, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Korea
- Correspondence:
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11
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Cunha V, Vogs C, Le Bihanic F, Dreij K. Mixture effects of oxygenated PAHs and benzo[a]pyrene on cardiovascular development and function in zebrafish embryos. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2020; 143:105913. [PMID: 32615350 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2020.105913] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2020] [Revised: 06/10/2020] [Accepted: 06/10/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Polycyclic aromatic compounds (PACs), including polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and oxygenated PAHs (oxy-PAHs), are common environmental pollutants known to cause health effects in humans and wild-life. In particular, vertebrate cardiovascular development and function are sensitive to PACs. However, the interactive effects of PAHs and oxy-PAHs on cardiovascular endpoints have not been well studied. In this study, we used zebrafish embryos (ZFEs) as a model to examine developmental and cardiovascular toxicities induced by the three environmental oxy-PAHs benzo[a]fluorenone (BFLO), 4H-cyclopenta[def]phenanthren-4-one (4H-CPO) and, 6H-benzo[cd]pyren-6-one (6H-BPO), and the PAH benzo[a]pyrene (BaP) either as single exposures or binary oxy-PAH + PAH mixtures. 6H-BPO induced developmental and cardiovascular toxicity, including reduced heartbeat rate and blood flow, at lower doses compared to the other compounds. Exposure to binary mixtures generally caused enhanced toxicity and induction of aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR)-regulated gene expression (ahr2 and cyp1a) compared to single compound exposure. This was associated with differential expression of genes involved in cardiovascular development and function including atp2a2, myh6, tbx5 and zerg. AhR-knock-down significantly reduced the cardiovascular toxicity of 6H-BPO and its binary mixture with BaP indicating a significant AhR-dependence of the effects. Measurements of internal concentrations showed that the toxicokinetics of BaP and 6H-BPO were altered in the binary mixture compared to the single compound exposure, and most likely due to CYP1 inhibition by 6H-BPO. Altogether, these data support that similar to interactions between PAHs, mixtures of PAHs and oxy-PAHs may cause increased developmental and cardiovascular toxicity in ZFEs through an AhR-dependent mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Virgínia Cunha
- Unit of Biochemical Toxicology, Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Box 210, 171 77 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Carolina Vogs
- Unit of Integrative Toxicology, Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Box 210, 171 77 Stockholm, Sweden; Pharmacology and Toxicology Unit, Department of Biomedical Science and Veterinary Public Health, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Box 7028, 750 07 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Florane Le Bihanic
- Unit of Biochemical Toxicology, Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Box 210, 171 77 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Kristian Dreij
- Unit of Biochemical Toxicology, Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Box 210, 171 77 Stockholm, Sweden.
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Jin H, Ji C, Ren F, Aniagu S, Tong J, Jiang Y, Chen T. AHR-mediated oxidative stress contributes to the cardiac developmental toxicity of trichloroethylene in zebrafish embryos. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2020; 385:121521. [PMID: 31699484 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2019.121521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2019] [Revised: 10/14/2019] [Accepted: 10/21/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Trichloroethylene (TCE), a widely used chlorinated solvent, is a common environmental pollutant. Current evidence shows that TCE could induce heart defects during embryonic development, but the underlining mechanism(s) remain unclear. Since activation of the aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AHR) could induce oxidative stress, we hypothesized that AHR-mediated oxidative stress may play a role in the cardiac developmental toxicity of TCE. In this study, we found that the reactive oxygen species (ROS) scavenger, N-Acetyl-L-cysteine (NAC), and AHR inhibitors, CH223191 (CH) and StemRegenin 1, significantly counteracted the TCE-induced heart malformations in zebrafish embryos. Moreover, both CH and NAC suppressed TCE-induced ROS and 8-OHdG (8-hydroxy-2' -deoxyguanosine). TCE did not affect ahr2 and cyp1a expression, but increased cyp1b1 expression, which was restored by CH supplementation. CH also attenuated the TCE-induced mRNA expression changes of Nrf2 signalling genes (nrf2b, gstp2, sod2, ho1, nqo1) and cardiac differentiation genes (gata4, hand2, c-fos, sox9b). In addition, the TCE enhanced SOD activity was attenuated by CH. Morpholino knockdown confirmed that AHR mediated the TCE-induced ROS and 8-OHdG generation in the heart of zebrafish embryos. In conclusion, our results suggest that AHR mediates TCE-induced oxidative stress, leading to DNA damage and heart malformations in zebrafish embryos.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongmei Jin
- Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, PR China
| | - Cheng Ji
- Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, PR China
| | - Fei Ren
- Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, PR China; Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Preventive and Translational Medicine for Geriatric Diseases, Soochow University, Suzhou, PR China
| | - Stanley Aniagu
- Toxicology, Risk Assessment and Research Division, Texas Commission on Environmental Quality, 12015 Park 35 Cir, Austin, TX, USA
| | - Jian Tong
- Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, PR China; Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Preventive and Translational Medicine for Geriatric Diseases, Soochow University, Suzhou, PR China
| | - Yan Jiang
- Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, PR China.
| | - Tao Chen
- Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, PR China; Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Preventive and Translational Medicine for Geriatric Diseases, Soochow University, Suzhou, PR China.
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13
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Huang J, Cai X, Ou Y, Fan L, Zhou Y, Wang Y. Protective roles of FICZ and aryl hydrocarbon receptor axis on alveolar bone loss and inflammation in experimental periodontitis. J Clin Periodontol 2019; 46:882-893. [PMID: 31286538 DOI: 10.1111/jcpe.13166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2018] [Revised: 03/21/2019] [Accepted: 07/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
AIM The aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR)-ligand axis has been shown to be involved in inflammatory diseases and bone homeostasis. However, the activation of AhR signalling pathway and the possible functions of AhR ligands in periodontitis are underexplored. This study investigated the expression of the AhR target gene cytochrome P450 subfamily B member 1 (CYP1B1) and the functions and mechanisms of the AhR ligand 6 formylindolo[3,2-b]carbazole (FICZ) in periodontitis. MATERIALS AND METHODS CYP1B1 expression was detected in human periodontitis samples, mice with ligature-induced periodontitis and lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced inflammation in periodontal ligament cells (PDLCs) in vitro. FICZ was administered topically or systemically. The therapeutic functions of FICZ were detected via qPCR, micro-computed tomography and immunohistochemistry. Finally, the mechanisms of AhR signalling in periodontitis were investigated by cell assays. RESULTS CYP1B1 expression was downregulated in periodontitis. FICZ rescued the alveolar bone loss and mitigated the inflammatory cytokines in periodontitis mice. In vitro, FICZ pre-treatment reduced the LPS-induced inflammation in PDLCs via the increased phosphorylation of STAT3. Additionally, FICZ prompted the mineralization of PDLCs via activation of the Wnt/β-catenin signalling pathway. CONCLUSION AhR signalling pathway is suppressed in periodontitis and the AhR ligand FICZ can prevent periodontitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Huang
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology (Hubei-MOST) and Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Xinjie Cai
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology (Hubei-MOST) and Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.,Department of Prosthodontics, Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Yanjing Ou
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology (Hubei-MOST) and Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Le Fan
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology (Hubei-MOST) and Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Yi Zhou
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology (Hubei-MOST) and Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.,Department of Prosthodontics, Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Yining Wang
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology (Hubei-MOST) and Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.,Department of Prosthodontics, Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
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14
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Shiizaki K, Kido K, Mizuta Y. Insight into the relationship between aryl-hydrocarbon receptor and β-catenin in human colon cancer cells. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0224613. [PMID: 31675361 PMCID: PMC6824560 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0224613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2019] [Accepted: 10/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
β-Catenin is a multi-functional protein involved in cell adhesion and signal transduction and has a critical role in colorectal cancer development. β-Catenin positively regulates the aryl-hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) mediated signal by both induction of AhR expression and enhancement of AhR-dependent gene induction. Conversely, it was reported that AhR negatively regulates the β-catenin signal via ubiquitination and subsequent degradation in a ligand dependent manner. However, there have been conflicting data among previous studies regarding the relationship between these two proteins. In this report, we conducted confirmatory studies dissecting the relationship between AhR and β-catenin. We did not observe β-catenin degradation by AhR ligands in several colon cancer cell lines. Reporter assays revealed that the AhR ligand did not alter TcF/β-catenin dependent transcription. Yeast and mammalian two-hybrid assays failed to reconstruct the interaction of β-catenin and AhR even when other factors, Arnt, CUL4B, and DDB1, were co-expressed additionally. Independently to induction of AhR expression, β-catenin enhanced AhR-dependent transcriptional activation via the xenobiotic response element (XRE). Coimmunoprecipitation detected the formation of a β-catenin and ligand-activated AhR complex, which was thought to reflect the β-catenin mediated enhancement of the AhR signaling. Overall, we could only confirm unidirectional interaction, which is positive regulation of the AhR signal by β-catenin. These results suggested that data from previous reports on the degradation of β-catenin via liganded AhR warrants further investigation to yield clarity in the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazuhiro Shiizaki
- Department of Applied Biosciences, Faculty of Life Sciences, Toyo University, Itakura-machi, Oura-gun, Gunma, Japan
- * E-mail:
| | - Kenta Kido
- Department of Applied Biosciences, Faculty of Life Sciences, Toyo University, Itakura-machi, Oura-gun, Gunma, Japan
| | - Yasuhiro Mizuta
- Department of Applied Biosciences, Faculty of Life Sciences, Toyo University, Itakura-machi, Oura-gun, Gunma, Japan
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15
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Omidi M, Niknahad H, Noorafshan A, Fardid R, Nadimi E, Naderi S, Bakhtari A, Mohammadi-Bardbori A. Co-exposure to an Aryl Hydrocarbon Receptor Endogenous Ligand, 6-Formylindolo[3,2-b]carbazole (FICZ), and Cadmium Induces Cardiovascular Developmental Abnormalities in Mice. Biol Trace Elem Res 2019; 187:442-451. [PMID: 29808276 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-018-1391-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2018] [Accepted: 05/18/2018] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
6-Formylindolo[3,2-b]carbazole (FICZ) is a signal substance and an endogenous activator of aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AHR). Cadmium (Cd) is an environmental pollutant that can activate both AHR and Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathways. We aimed to determine how dysregulated signaling through AHR-Wnt/β-catenin cross-talk can influence mice heart development. Mice fetuses were exposed to Cd alone or in combination with FICZ in gestation day (GD) 0. In GD18, fetuses were harvested and randomly divided into two parts for stereological and molecular studies. Stereological and tessellation results revealed that when fetuses were co-exposed with FICZ and Cd, abnormalities were synergistically raised. In the presence of FICZ, mRNA expression levels of Wnt/β-catenin target genes significantly enhanced, especially when animals co-treated with FICZ and Cd. Based on these findings, we propose that chemical pollutants can interfere with the normal function of AHR that has a physiological role in regulating Wnt/β-catenin during cardiogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahmoud Omidi
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Hossein Niknahad
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Ali Noorafshan
- Histomorphometry and Stereology Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
- Departments of Anatomy, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Reza Fardid
- Department of Radiology, School of Paramedical Sciences, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Elham Nadimi
- Histomorphometry and Stereology Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
- Department of Immunology, Medical School, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Samaneh Naderi
- Diagnostic Laboratory Science and Technology Research Center, School of Paramedical Sciences, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Azizollah Bakhtari
- Department of Reproductive Biology, School of Advanced Medical Sciences and Technologies, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Afshin Mohammadi-Bardbori
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.
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16
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Garcia GR, Shankar P, Dunham CL, Garcia A, La Du JK, Truong L, Tilton SC, Tanguay RL. Signaling Events Downstream of AHR Activation That Contribute to Toxic Responses: The Functional Role of an AHR-Dependent Long Noncoding RNA ( slincR) Using the Zebrafish Model. ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH PERSPECTIVES 2018; 126:117002. [PMID: 30398377 PMCID: PMC6371766 DOI: 10.1289/ehp3281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2017] [Revised: 10/15/2018] [Accepted: 10/16/2018] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND A structurally diverse group of chemicals, including dioxins [e.g., 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD)] and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), can xenobiotically activate the aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AHR) and contribute to adverse health effects in humans and wildlife. In the zebrafish model, repression of sox9b has a causal role in several AHR-mediated toxic responses, including craniofacial cartilage malformations; however, the mechanism of sox9b repression remains unknown. We previously identified a long noncoding RNA, sox9b long intergenic noncoding RNA (slincR), which is increased (in an AHR-dependent manner) by multiple AHR ligands and is required for the AHR-activated repression of sox9b. OBJECTIVE Using the zebrafish model, we aimed to enhance our understanding of the signaling events downstream of AHR activation that contribute to toxic responses by identifying: a) whether slincR is enriched on the sox9b locus, b) slincR's functional contributions to TCDD-induced toxicity, c) PAHs that increase slincR expression, and d) mammalian orthologs of slincR. METHODS We used capture hybridization analysis of RNA targets (CHART), qRT-PCR, RNA sequencing, morphometric analysis of cartilage structures, and hemorrhaging screens. RESULTS The slincR transcript was enriched at the 5' untranslated region (UTR) of the sox9b locus. Transcriptome profiling and human ortholog analyses identified processes related to skeletal and cartilage development unique to TCDD-exposed controls, and angiogenesis and vasculature development unique to TCDD-exposed zebrafish that were injected with a splice-blocking morpholino targeting slincR. In comparison to TCDD exposed control morphants, slincR morphants exposed to TCDD resulted in abnormal cartilage structures and a smaller percentage of animals displaying the hemorrhaging phenotype. In addition, slincR expression was significantly increased in six out of the sixteen PAHs we screened. CONCLUSION Our study establishes that in zebrafish, slincR is recruited to the sox9b 5' UTR to repress transcription, can regulate cartilage development, has a causal role in the TCDD-induced hemorrhaging phenotype, and is up-regulated by multiple environmentally relevant PAHs. These findings have important implications for understanding the ligand-specific mechanisms of AHR-mediated toxicity. https://doi.org/10.1289/EHP3281.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gloria R Garcia
- Department of Environmental and Molecular Toxicology, Sinnhuber Aquatic Research Laboratory, Environmental Health Sciences Center, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon, USA
| | - Prarthana Shankar
- Department of Environmental and Molecular Toxicology, Sinnhuber Aquatic Research Laboratory, Environmental Health Sciences Center, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon, USA
| | - Cheryl L Dunham
- Department of Environmental and Molecular Toxicology, Sinnhuber Aquatic Research Laboratory, Environmental Health Sciences Center, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon, USA
| | - Abraham Garcia
- Department of Environmental and Molecular Toxicology, Sinnhuber Aquatic Research Laboratory, Environmental Health Sciences Center, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon, USA
| | - Jane K La Du
- Department of Environmental and Molecular Toxicology, Sinnhuber Aquatic Research Laboratory, Environmental Health Sciences Center, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon, USA
| | - Lisa Truong
- Department of Environmental and Molecular Toxicology, Sinnhuber Aquatic Research Laboratory, Environmental Health Sciences Center, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon, USA
| | - Susan C Tilton
- Department of Environmental and Molecular Toxicology, Sinnhuber Aquatic Research Laboratory, Environmental Health Sciences Center, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon, USA
| | - Robert L Tanguay
- Department of Environmental and Molecular Toxicology, Sinnhuber Aquatic Research Laboratory, Environmental Health Sciences Center, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon, USA
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17
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Meyer-Alert H, Ladermann K, Larsson M, Schiwy S, Hollert H, Keiter SH. A temporal high-resolution investigation of the Ah-receptor pathway during early development of zebrafish (Danio rerio). AQUATIC TOXICOLOGY (AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS) 2018; 204:117-129. [PMID: 30245344 DOI: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2018.09.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2018] [Revised: 09/09/2018] [Accepted: 09/11/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
In order to contribute to a comprehensive understanding of the regulating mechanisms of the aryl-hydrocarbon-receptor (AHR) in zebrafish embryos, we aimed to elucidate the interaction of proteins taking part in this signaling pathway during early development of the zebrafish (Danio rerio) after chemical exposure. We managed to illustrate initial transcription processes of the implemented proteins after exposure to two environmentally relevant chemicals: polychlorinated biphenyl 126 (PCB126) and β-Naphthoflavone (BNF). Using qPCR, we quantified mRNA every 4 h until 118 h post fertilization and found the expression of biotransformation enzymes (cyp1 family) and the repressor of the AHR (ahr-r) to be dependent on the duration of chemical exposure and the biodegradability of the compounds. PCB126 induced persistently increased amounts of transcripts as it is not metabolized, whereas activation by BNF was limited to the initial period of exposure. We did not find a clear relation between the amount of transcripts and activity of the induced CYP-proteins, so posttranscriptional mechanisms are likely to regulate biotransformation of BNF. With regard to zebrafish embryos and their application in risk assessment of hazardous chemicals, our examination of the AHR pathway especially supports the relevance of the time point or period of exposure that is used for bioanalytical investigations and consideration of chemical properties determining biodegradability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Henriette Meyer-Alert
- Department of Ecosystem Analysis, Institute for Environmental Research, ABBt - Aachen Biology and Biotechnology, RWTH Aachen University, Worringerweg 1, 52074 Aachen, Germany.
| | - Kim Ladermann
- Department of Ecosystem Analysis, Institute for Environmental Research, ABBt - Aachen Biology and Biotechnology, RWTH Aachen University, Worringerweg 1, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Maria Larsson
- Man-Technology-Environment Research Centre, School of Science and Technology, Örebro University, Fakultetsgatan 1, 701 82 Örebro, Sweden
| | - Sabrina Schiwy
- Department of Ecosystem Analysis, Institute for Environmental Research, ABBt - Aachen Biology and Biotechnology, RWTH Aachen University, Worringerweg 1, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Henner Hollert
- Department of Ecosystem Analysis, Institute for Environmental Research, ABBt - Aachen Biology and Biotechnology, RWTH Aachen University, Worringerweg 1, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Steffen H Keiter
- Man-Technology-Environment Research Centre, School of Science and Technology, Örebro University, Fakultetsgatan 1, 701 82 Örebro, Sweden
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18
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Rannug A, Rannug U. The tryptophan derivative 6-formylindolo[3,2-b]carbazole, FICZ, a dynamic mediator of endogenous aryl hydrocarbon receptor signaling, balances cell growth and differentiation. Crit Rev Toxicol 2018; 48:555-574. [PMID: 30226107 DOI: 10.1080/10408444.2018.1493086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
The aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AHR) is not essential to survival, but does act as a key regulator of many normal physiological events. The role of this receptor in toxicological processes has been studied extensively, primarily employing the high-affinity ligand 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD). However, regulation of physiological responses by endogenous AHR ligands remains to be elucidated. Here, we review developments in this field, with a focus on 6-formylindolo[3,2-b]carbazole (FICZ), the endogenous ligand with the highest affinity to the receptor reported to date. The binding of FICZ to different isoforms of the AHR seems to be evolutionarily well conserved and there is a feedback loop that controls AHR activity through metabolic degradation of FICZ via the highly inducible cytochrome P450 1A1. Several investigations provide strong evidence that FICZ plays a critical role in normal physiological processes and can ameliorate immune diseases with remarkable efficiency. Low levels of FICZ are pro-inflammatory, providing resistance to pathogenic bacteria, stimulating the anti-tumor functions, and promoting the differentiation of cancer cells by repressing genes in cancer stem cells. In contrast, at high concentrations FICZ behaves in a manner similar to TCDD, exhibiting toxicity toward fish and bird embryos, immune suppression, and activation of cancer progression. The findings are indicative of a dual role for endogenously activated AHR in barrier tissues, aiding clearance of infections and suppressing immunity to terminate a vicious cycle that might otherwise lead to disease. There is not much support for the AHR ligand-specific immune responses proposed, the differences between FICZ and TCDD in this context appear to be explained by the rapid metabolism of FICZ.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agneta Rannug
- a Karolinska Institutet, Institute of Environmental Medicine , Stockholm , Sweden
| | - Ulf Rannug
- b Department of Molecular Biosciences , The Wenner-Gren Institute, Stockholm University , Stockholm , Sweden
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19
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Janosik T, Rannug A, Rannug U, Wahlström N, Slätt J, Bergman J. Chemistry and Properties of Indolocarbazoles. Chem Rev 2018; 118:9058-9128. [PMID: 30191712 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.8b00186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The indolocarbazoles are an important class of nitrogen heterocycles which has evolved significantly in recent years, with numerous studies focusing on their diverse biological effects, or targeting new materials with potential applications in organic electronics. This review aims at providing a broad survey of the chemistry and properties of indolocarbazoles from an interdisciplinary point of view, with particular emphasis on practical synthetic aspects, as well as certain topics which have not been previously accounted for in detail, such as the occurrence, formation, biological activities, and metabolism of indolo[3,2- b]carbazoles. The literature of the past decade forms the basis of the text, which is further supplemented with older key references.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomasz Janosik
- Research Institutes of Sweden , Bioscience and Materials, RISE Surface, Process and Formulation , SE-151 36 Södertälje , Sweden
| | - Agneta Rannug
- Institute of Environmental Medicine , Karolinska Institutet , SE-171 77 Stockholm , Sweden
| | - Ulf Rannug
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, The Wenner-Gren Institute , Stockholm University , SE-106 91 Stockholm , Sweden
| | | | - Johnny Slätt
- Department of Chemistry, Applied Physical Chemistry , KTH Royal Institute of Technology , SE-100 44 Stockholm , Sweden
| | - Jan Bergman
- Karolinska Institutet , Department of Biosciences and Nutrition , SE-141 83 Huddinge , Sweden
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20
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Yu H, Jiang L, Wan B, Zhang W, Yao L, Che T, Gan C, Su N, He J, Huang J, Zhang K, Zhang Y. The role of aryl hydrocarbon receptor in bone remodeling. PROGRESS IN BIOPHYSICS AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2017; 134:44-49. [PMID: 29277341 DOI: 10.1016/j.pbiomolbio.2017.12.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2016] [Revised: 12/18/2017] [Accepted: 12/21/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Bone remodeling is a persistent process for maintaining skeletal system homeostasis, and it depends on the dynamic equilibrium between bone-forming osteoblasts and bone-resorbing osteoclasts. Aryl hydrocarbon receptor (Ahr), a ligand-activated transcription factor, plays a pivotal role in regulating skeletal system. In order to better understand the role of Ahr in bone remodeling, we focused on bone remodeling characteristic, and the effects of Ahr on bone formation and differentiation, which suggest that Ahr is a critical control factor in the process of bone remodeling. Moreover, we discussed the impacts of Ahr on several signaling pathways related to bone remodeling, hoping to provide a theoretical basis to improve bone remodeling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haitao Yu
- Department of Clincal Laboratory, The First Hospital of Lanzhou University, West Road No. 1 East Hills, Chengguan District, Lanzhou, 730000, Gansu Province, PR China; The First Clinical College of Lanzhou University, West Road No. 1 East Hills, Chengguan District, Lanzhou, 730000, Gansu Province, PR China.
| | - Lili Jiang
- School of Material Science and Technology, Lanzhou University of Technology, Langongping Road, Lanzhou 730050, Gansu Province, PR China
| | - Bo Wan
- The 3rd and 4th Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, No. 82 Cuiyingmen, Chengguan District, Lanzhou, 730000, Gansu Province, PR China
| | - Wei Zhang
- Cental Laboratory, The First Hospital of Lanzhou University, West Road No. 1 East Hills, Chengguan District, Lanzhou, 730000, Gansu Province, PR China
| | - Liqiong Yao
- Department of Clincal Laboratory, The First Hospital of Lanzhou University, West Road No. 1 East Hills, Chengguan District, Lanzhou, 730000, Gansu Province, PR China
| | - Tuanjie Che
- Gansu Key Laboratory of Functional Genomics and Molecular Diagnosis, East road no. 110 nanhe yantan, Chengguan District, Lanzhou, 730000, Gansu Province, PR China
| | - Chao Gan
- Department of Clincal Laboratory, The First Hospital of Lanzhou University, West Road No. 1 East Hills, Chengguan District, Lanzhou, 730000, Gansu Province, PR China
| | - Na Su
- Department of Clincal Laboratory, The First Hospital of Lanzhou University, West Road No. 1 East Hills, Chengguan District, Lanzhou, 730000, Gansu Province, PR China
| | - Jinchun He
- Department of Clincal Laboratory, The First Hospital of Lanzhou University, West Road No. 1 East Hills, Chengguan District, Lanzhou, 730000, Gansu Province, PR China
| | - Jintian Huang
- The First Clinical College of Lanzhou University, West Road No. 1 East Hills, Chengguan District, Lanzhou, 730000, Gansu Province, PR China
| | - Kaiyun Zhang
- The First Clinical College of Lanzhou University, West Road No. 1 East Hills, Chengguan District, Lanzhou, 730000, Gansu Province, PR China
| | - Yiheng Zhang
- The First Clinical College of Lanzhou University, West Road No. 1 East Hills, Chengguan District, Lanzhou, 730000, Gansu Province, PR China
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21
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Massarsky A, Bone AJ, Dong W, Hinton DE, Prasad GL, Di Giulio RT. AHR2 morpholino knockdown reduces the toxicity of total particulate matter to zebrafish embryos. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2016; 309:63-76. [PMID: 27576004 DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2016.08.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2016] [Revised: 08/23/2016] [Accepted: 08/25/2016] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
The zebrafish embryo has been proposed as a 'bridge model' to study the effects of cigarette smoke on early development. Previous studies showed that exposure to total particulate matter (TPM) led to adverse effects in developing zebrafish, and suggested that the antioxidant and aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AHR) pathways play important roles. This study investigated the roles of these two pathways in mediating TPM toxicity. The study consisted of four experiments. In experiment I, zebrafish embryos were exposed from 6h post fertilization (hpf) until 96hpf to TPM0.5 and TPM1.0 (corresponding to 0.5 and 1.0μg/mL equi-nicotine units) in the presence or absence of an antioxidant (N-acetyl cysteine/NAC) or a pro-oxidant (buthionine sulfoximine/BSO). In experiment II, TPM exposures were performed in embryos that were microinjected with nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2), AHR2, cytochrome P450 1A (CYP1A), or CYP1B1 morpholinos, and deformities were assessed. In experiment III, embryos were exposed to TPM, and embryos/larvae were collected at 24, 48, 72, and 96hpf to assess several genes associated with the antioxidant and AHR pathways. Lastly, experiment IV assessed the activity and protein levels of CYP1A and CYP1B1 after exposure to TPM. We demonstrate that the incidence of TPM-induced deformities was generally not affected by NAC/BSO treatments or Nrf2 knockdown. In contrast, AHR2 knockdown reduced, while CYP1A or CYP1B1 knockdowns elevated the incidence of some deformities. Moreover, as shown by gene expression the AHR pathway, but not the antioxidant pathway, was induced in response to TPM exposure, providing further evidence for its importance in mediating TPM toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrey Massarsky
- Nicholas School of the Environment, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, USA.
| | - Audrey J Bone
- Nicholas School of the Environment, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, USA
| | - Wu Dong
- Nicholas School of the Environment, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, USA; School of Animal Science and Technology, Inner Mongolia Provincial Key Laboratory for Toxicants and Animal Disease, Inner Mongolia University for the Nationalities, Tongliao, Inner Mongolia 028000, China
| | - David E Hinton
- Nicholas School of the Environment, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, USA
| | - G L Prasad
- RAI Services Company, Winston-Salem, NC 27101, USA
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Crosstalk between AhR and wnt/β-catenin signal pathways in the cardiac developmental toxicity of PM2.5 in zebrafish embryos. Toxicology 2016; 355-356:31-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tox.2016.05.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2016] [Revised: 05/16/2016] [Accepted: 05/19/2016] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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