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Wang ZY, Gao ST, Gou XJ, Qiu FR, Feng Q. IL-1 receptor-associated kinase family proteins: An overview of their role in liver disease. Eur J Pharmacol 2024; 978:176773. [PMID: 38936453 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2024.176773] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2024] [Revised: 06/16/2024] [Accepted: 06/23/2024] [Indexed: 06/29/2024]
Abstract
The interleukin-1 receptor-associated kinase (IRAK) family is a group of serine-threonine kinases that regulates various cellular processes via toll-like receptor (TLR)/interleukin-1 receptor (IL1R)-mediated signaling. The IRAK family comprises four members, including IRAK1, IRAK2, IRAK3, and IRAK4, which play an important role in the expression of various inflammatory genes, thereby contributing to the inflammatory response. IRAKs are key proteins in chronic and acute liver diseases, and recent evidence has implicated IRAK family proteins (IRAK1, IRAK3, and IRAK4) in the progression of liver-related disorders, including alcoholic liver disease, non-alcoholic steatohepatitis, hepatitis virus infection, acute liver failure, liver ischemia-reperfusion injury, and hepatocellular carcinoma. In this article, we provide a comprehensive review of the role of IRAK family proteins and their associated inflammatory signaling pathways in the pathogenesis of liver diseases. The purpose of this study is to explore whether IRAK family proteins can serve as the main target for the treatment of liver related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhuo-Yuan Wang
- Institute of Liver Diseases, Shuguang Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Si-Ting Gao
- Institute of Liver Diseases, Shuguang Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Xiao-Jun Gou
- Central Laboratory, Baoshan District Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine of Shanghai, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201999, China
| | - Fu-Rong Qiu
- Laboratory of Clinical Pharmacokinetics, Shuguang Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, China.
| | - Qin Feng
- Institute of Liver Diseases, Shuguang Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, China; Central Laboratory, ShuGuang Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Chinese Traditional Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, China; Key Laboratory of Liver and Kidney Diseases, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Ministry of Education, Shanghai, 201203, China.
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Knez E, Kadac-Czapska K, Grembecka M. The importance of food quality, gut motility, and microbiome in SIBO development and treatment. Nutrition 2024; 124:112464. [PMID: 38657418 DOI: 10.1016/j.nut.2024.112464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2023] [Revised: 03/18/2024] [Accepted: 04/04/2024] [Indexed: 04/26/2024]
Abstract
The prevalence of small intestinal bacterial overgrowth (SIBO) is rising worldwide, particularly in nations with high rates of urbanization. Irritable bowel syndrome, inflammatory bowel illnesses, and nonspecific dysmotility are strongly linked to SIBO. Moreover, repeated antibiotic therapy promotes microorganisms' overgrowth through the development of antibiotic resistance. The primary cause of excessive fermentation in the small intestine is a malfunctioning gastrointestinal motor complex, which results in the gut's longer retention of food residues. There are anatomical and physiological factors affecting the functioning of the myoelectric motor complex. Except for them, diet conditions the activity of gastrointestinal transit. Indisputably, the Western type of nutrition is unfavorable. Some food components have greater importance in the functioning of the gastrointestinal motor complex than others. Tryptophan, an essential amino acid and precursor of the serotonin hormone, accelerates intestinal transit, and gastric emptying, similarly to fiber and polyphenols. Additionally, the effect of food on the microbiome is important, and diet should prevent bacterial overgrowth and exhibit antimicrobial effects against pathogens. Therefore, knowledge about proper nutrition is essential to prevent the development and recurrence of SIBO. Since the scientific world was unsure whether there was a long-term or potential solution for SIBO until quite recently, research on a number of the topics included in the article should be performed. The article aimed to summarize current knowledge about proper nutrition after SIBO eradication and the prevention of recurrent bacterial overgrowth. Moreover, a connection was found between diet, gut dysmotility, and SIBO.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eliza Knez
- Department of Bromatology, Medical University of Gdańsk, Gdańsk, Poland
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Xia W, Wang Y, Yue J, Fu X. Insights into Q-markers of honey-fried licorice in treating spleen deficiency based on substance and energy metabolism regulation. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2024; 127:155498. [PMID: 38460491 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2024.155498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2023] [Revised: 02/01/2024] [Accepted: 02/26/2024] [Indexed: 03/11/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Honey-fried Licorice (HFL) is a dosage form of Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizome processed with honey, which has been recorded to exhibit better efficacy in tonifying the spleen compared to the raw product. In contrast, different processing methods of Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizome exhibit different efficacies and applications, but their current quality control index components remain consistent. PURPOSE Based on the discovery and research strategy of traditional Chinese medicine decoction piece quality marker (Q-marker), this study aimed to conduct a multidimensional integration of constituents absorbed into the body and metabolomics based on the tonifying spleen and stomach effects of HFL to effectively identify the Q-marker of HFL. METHODS In this study, a spleen deficiency rat model was established using the "exhausted swimming + poor diet" method to investigate the pharmacodynamics of tonifying the spleen and stomach by HFL. The constituents absorbed into blood was conducted using UPLC-Q-TOF/MS, correlation analysis between metabolomics and constituents absorbed into blood recognized the Q-Marker of HFL. RESULTS The pharmacodynamic data demonstrated that HFL exhibited a significant regulatory effect on the disordered levels of PP, trypsin, chymase, PL, α-Glu, MTL, GAS, VIP, IL-2, IFN-γ, and IgA in the spleen deficiency model. Furthermore, HFL was found to improve the pathological changes in the spleen and intestine in the spleen deficiency model, highlighting its significant "tonifying spleen and stomach" effect. In the serum containing HFL, a total of 17 constituents were identified as being absorbed into the blood. Among these, 11 were prototypical components, while 6 were metabolites. Metabolomics data revealed that 9 differentially expressed metabolic markers were observed. Furthermore, the analysis of endogenous metabolic markers indicated that 10 components exhibited significant correlations with these biomarkers. CONCLUSION The effect of "tonifying spleen and stomach" of HFL is closely related to the regulation of the material and energy metabolism pathway. The Q-Marker of HFL is glycyrrhizic acid and 18β-glycyrrhetinic acid as the main control standards and liquiritin, isoliquiritin, liquiritin, isoliquiritin, isolicorice flavonol, licorice chalcone C and Formononetin were used as auxiliary standards.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenxin Xia
- School of Pharmacy, Ningxia Medical University, No. 1160 Shengli Street, Xingqing District, Yinchuan, Ningxia 751104, China; Key Laboratory of Ningxia Minority Medicine Modernization, Ministry of Education, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan 750004, China
| | - Yushu Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Ningxia Medical University, No. 1160 Shengli Street, Xingqing District, Yinchuan, Ningxia 751104, China; Key Laboratory of Ningxia Minority Medicine Modernization, Ministry of Education, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan 750004, China
| | - Jiahui Yue
- School of Pharmacy, Ningxia Medical University, No. 1160 Shengli Street, Xingqing District, Yinchuan, Ningxia 751104, China; Key Laboratory of Ningxia Minority Medicine Modernization, Ministry of Education, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan 750004, China
| | - Xueyan Fu
- School of Pharmacy, Ningxia Medical University, No. 1160 Shengli Street, Xingqing District, Yinchuan, Ningxia 751104, China; Key Laboratory of Ningxia Minority Medicine Modernization, Ministry of Education, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan 750004, China; Key Laboratory of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine for Prevention and Treatment of High Incidence in Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region, Yinchuan 750004, China.
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Aly SH, Elissawy AM, Mahmoud AMA, El-Tokhy FS, Mageed SSA, Almahli H, Al-Rashood ST, Binjubair FA, Hassab MAE, Eldehna WM, Singab AENB. Synergistic Effect of Sophora japonica and Glycyrrhiza glabra Flavonoid-Rich Fractions on Wound Healing: In Vivo and Molecular Docking Studies. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28072994. [PMID: 37049756 PMCID: PMC10096052 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28072994] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2023] [Revised: 03/20/2023] [Accepted: 03/23/2023] [Indexed: 03/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Glycyrrhiza glabra and Sophora japonica (Fabaceae) are well-known medicinal plants with valuable secondary metabolites and pharmacological properties. The flavonoid-rich fractions of G. glabra roots and S. japonica leaves were prepared using Diaion column chromatography, and the confirmation of flavonoid richness was confirmed using UPLC-ESI-MS profiling and total phenolics and flavonoids assays. UPLC-ESI-MS profiling of the flavonoid-rich fraction of G. glabra roots and S. japonica leaves resulted in the tentative identification of 32 and 23 compounds, respectively. Additionally, the wound healing potential of topical preparations of each fraction, individually and in combination (1:1) ointment and gel preparations, were investigated in vivo, supported by histopathological examinations and biomarker evaluations, as well as molecular docking studies for the major constituents. The topical application of G. glabra ointment and gel, S. japonica ointment and gel and combination preparations significantly increase the wound healing rate and the reduction of oxidative stress in the wound area via MDA reduction and the elevation of reduced GSH and SOD levels as compared to the wound and Nolaver®-treated groups. The molecular docking study revealed that that major compounds in G. glabra and S. japonica can efficiently bind to the active sites of three proteins related to wound healing: glycogen synthase kinase 3-β (GSK3-β), matrix metalloproteinases-8 (MMP-8) and nitric oxide synthase (iNOS). Consequently, G. glabra roots and S. japonica leaves may be a rich source of bioactive metabolites with antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and wound healing properties.
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Fan Y, Dong W, Wang Y, Zhu S, Chai R, Xu Z, Zhang X, Yan Y, Yang L, Bian Y. Glycyrrhetinic acid regulates impaired macrophage autophagic flux in the treatment of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. Front Immunol 2022; 13:959495. [PMID: 35967372 PMCID: PMC9365971 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.959495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2022] [Accepted: 07/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Macrophages are involved in hepatocyte steatosis and necroinflammation and play an important role in the pathogenesis of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). Impaired autophagy function (decreased autophagy or blocked autophagic flow) leads to cell damage and death and promotes NAFLD progression. The experimental and clinical research of glycyrrhetinic acid (GA) in the treatment of NAFLD has gradually attracted attention with clear pharmacological activities such as immune regulation, antiviral, antitumor, antioxidant, liver protection, and anti-inflammatory. However, the effects of GA on the STAT3-HIF-1α pathway and autophagy in macrophages are still unclear, and its mechanism of action in the treatment of NAFLD remains to be further elucidated. We constructed a NAFLD mouse model through a high-fat and high-sugar diet to investigate the therapeutic effects of GA. The results showed that GA reduced weight, improved the pathological changes and hepatic lipid deposition of liver, and abnormally elevated the levels of serum biochemical (AST, ALT, TG, T-CHO, LDL-C, and HDL-C) and inflammatory indexes (IL-1β, IL-4, IL-6, MCP-1, and TNF-α) in NAFLD mice. Further examination revealed that GA ameliorates excessive hepatic macrophage infiltration and hepatocyte apoptosis. The results of the cell experiments further elaborated that GA modulated the PA-induced macrophage STAT3-HIF-1α pathway and ameliorated impaired autophagic flux (blockade of autophagosome–lysosome fusion) and overactivation of inflammation. Excessive hepatocyte apoptosis caused by the uncontrolled release of inflammatory cytokines was also suppressed by GA.ConclusionThis study demonstrated that GA could regulate the STAT3-HIF-1α pathway of macrophages, ameliorate the impaired autophagy flux, and reduce the excessive production of inflammatory cytokines to improve the excessive apoptosis of liver cells, thus playing a therapeutic role on NAFLD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yadong Fan
- School of Integrative Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Wenjin Dong
- Department of Science and Education, Tianjin Union Medical Center, Tianjin, China
| | - Ying Wang
- School of Integrative Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Shan Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Component Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Rundong Chai
- School of Integrative Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Zhe Xu
- School of Integrative Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Xiaoyu Zhang
- The Reproductive Center, First Teaching Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Yiqi Yan
- State Key Laboratory of Component Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Long Yang
- School of Integrative Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
- Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
- *Correspondence: Long Yang, ; Yuhong bian,
| | - Yuhong Bian
- School of Integrative Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
- *Correspondence: Long Yang, ; Yuhong bian,
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Hu Q, Liao W, Zhang Z, Shi S, Hou S, Ji N, Zhang X, Zhang Q, Liao Y, Li L, Zhu Z, Chen Y, Chen J, Yu F, Yang Q, Xiao H, Fu C, Du H, Wang Q, Cao H, Xiao H, Li R. The hepatoprotective effects of plant-based foods based on the "gut-liver axis": a prospective review. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2022; 63:9136-9162. [PMID: 35466839 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2022.2064423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
The importance of the "gut-liver axis" in the pathogenesis of liver diseases has been revealed recently; which promotes the process of developing preventive and therapeutic strategies. However, considering that there are still many challenges in the medical treatment of liver diseases, potential preventive dietary intervention may be a good alternative choice. Plant-based foods have received much attention due to their reported health-promoting effects in targeting multiple pathways involved in the pathogenesis of liver diseases as well as the relative safety for general use. Based on the PubMed and Web of Science databases, this review emphatically summarizes the plant-based foods and their chemical constituents with reported effects to impact the LPS/TLR4 signaling pathway of gut-liver axis of various liver diseases, reflecting their health benefits in preventing/alleviating liver diseases. Moreover, some plant-based foods with potential gut-liver effects are specifically analyzed from the reported studies and conclusions. This review intends to provide readers an overview of the current progress in the field of this research topic. We expect to see more hepatoprotective measures for alleviating the current prevalence of liver diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiongdan Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, PR China
| | - Wan Liao
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, PR China
| | - Zhen Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, PR China
| | - Sanjun Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, PR China
| | - Shuguang Hou
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, PR China
| | - Ningping Ji
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, PR China
| | - Xinjie Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, PR China
| | - Qian Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, PR China
| | - Yangyang Liao
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, PR China
| | - Linghui Li
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, PR China
| | - Zongping Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, PR China
| | - Yi Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, PR China
| | - Jiao Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, PR China
| | - Fangkun Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, PR China
| | - Qingsong Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, PR China
| | - Hongtao Xiao
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Sichuan Cancer Hospital & Institute, Sichuan Cancer Center, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China
| | - Chaomei Fu
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, PR China
| | - Hengjun Du
- Department of Food Science, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA, USA
| | - Qi Wang
- Department of Food Science, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA, USA
| | - Heping Cao
- U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Southern Regional Research Center, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - Hang Xiao
- Department of Food Science, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA, USA
| | - Rui Li
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, PR China
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Immunostimulatory properties of heat-resistant RNA in a decoction of Glycyrrhizae Radix. Biomed Pharmacother 2021; 145:112457. [PMID: 34864611 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2021.112457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2021] [Revised: 11/19/2021] [Accepted: 11/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Research on the bioactive components of herbal medicines have been conducted mainly on the secondary metabolites of herbal plants. Accordingly, limited information is available on primary metabolites (carbohydrates, amino acids, lipids, and nucleic acids) and their biological effects. Here, we focused on the heat-resistant RNA of a decoction of Glycyrrhizae Radix and showed its immunostimulatory effects. The RNA activated NF-κB/AP-1 and induced TNF-α production in murine macrophages. Further analysis revealed that the RNA was around 90 nucleotides long. RNA sequencing (RNA-Seq) by next generation sequencing (NGS) showed that approximately 30% of the NGS reads were mapped to the genome of Glycyrrhiza uralensis, which is plant material of Glycyrrhizae Radix. Further analysis of the other 70% of reads indicated that the RNA contained RNA sequences that could be mapped to various microorganisms. Together, these results propose nucleic acids as a new research field in the bioactive components of herbal medicines.
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Oyster-Derived Tyr-Ala (YA) Peptide Prevents Lipopolysaccharide/D-Galactosamine-Induced Acute Liver Failure by Suppressing Inflammatory, Apoptotic, Ferroptotic, and Pyroptotic Signals. Mar Drugs 2021; 19:md19110614. [PMID: 34822485 PMCID: PMC8624370 DOI: 10.3390/md19110614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2021] [Revised: 10/22/2021] [Accepted: 10/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Models created by the intraperitoneal injection of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and D-galactosamine (D-GalN) have been widely used to study the pathogenesis of human acute liver failure (ALF) and drug development. Our previous study reported that oyster (Crassostrea gigas) hydrolysate (OH) had a hepatoprotective effect in LPS/D-GalN-injected mice. This study was performed to identify the hepatoprotective effect of the tyrosine-alanine (YA) peptide, the main component of OH, in a LPS/D-GalN-injected ALF mice model. We analyzed the effect of YA on previously known mechanisms of hepatocellular injury in the model. LPS/D-GalN-injected mice showed inflammatory, apoptotic, ferroptotic, and pyroptotic liver injury. The pre-administration of YA (10 mg/kg or 50 mg/kg) significantly reduced the liver damage factors. The hepatoprotective effect of YA was higher in the 50 mg/kg YA pre-administered group than in the 10 mg/kg YA pre-administered group. These results showed that YA had a hepatoprotective effect by reducing inflammation, apoptosis, ferroptosis, and pyroptosis in the LPS/D-GalN-injected ALF mouse model. We suggest that YA can be used as a functional peptide for the prevention of acute liver injury.
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Wu S, Lu H, Wang W, Song L, Liu M, Cao Y, Qi X, Sun J, Gong L. Prevention of D-GalN/LPS-induced ALI by 18β-glycyrrhetinic acid through PXR-mediated inhibition of autophagy degradation. Cell Death Dis 2021; 12:480. [PMID: 33986260 PMCID: PMC8119493 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-021-03768-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2020] [Revised: 04/20/2021] [Accepted: 04/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Acute liver injury (ALI) has multiple causes and results in liver dysfunction. Severe or persistent liver injury eventually leads to liver failure and even death. Pregnane X receptor (PXR)-null mice present more severe liver damage and lower rates of autophagy. 18β-glycyrrhetinic acid (GA) has been proposed as a promising hepatoprotective agent. We hypothesized that GA significantly alleivates D-GalN/LPS-induced ALI, which involved in PXR-mediated autophagy and lysosome biogenesis. We found that GA can significantly decrease hepatocyte apoptosis and increase the hepatic autophagy marker LC3-B. Ad-mCherry-GFP-LC3 tandem fluorescence, RNA-seq and real-time PCR indicated that GA may stabilize autophagosomes and lysosomes and inhibit autophagosome-lysosome fusion. Simultaneously, GA markedly activates PXR, even reversing the D-GalN/LPS-induced reduction of PXR and its downstream genes. In contrast, GA has a weak protective effect in pharmacological inhibition of PXR and PXR-null mice, which significantly affected apoptosis- and autophagy-related genes. PXR knockout interferes with the stability of autophagosomes and lysosomes, preventing GA reducing the expression of lysosomal genes such as Cst B and TPP1, and suppressing autophagy flow. Therefore, we believe that GA increases autophagy by inhibiting autophagosome-lysosome fusion and blocked autophagy flux via activation of PXR. In conclusion, our results show that GA activates PXR to regulate autophagy and lysosome biogenesis, represented by inhibiting autophagosome-lysosome fusion and stabilization of lysosome. These results identify a new mechanism by which GA-dependent PXR activation reduces D-GalN/LPS-induced acute liver injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shouyan Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201203, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Henglei Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201203, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
- Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Wenjie Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201203, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
- Department of Pharmacology, Fudan University, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Luyao Song
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201203, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Meng Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201203, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Yuhan Cao
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201203, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Xinming Qi
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201203, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Jianhua Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201203, China.
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China.
| | - Likun Gong
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201203, China.
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China.
- Zhongshan Branch, the Institute of Drug Discovery and Development, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Zhongshan, China.
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Yang J, Xu L, Wu M, Fang H, Lu Y, Shi C, Wang Y, Jiang S, Ma Q, Li Z, Zhang L, Zhang L. Paeonol derivative-6 attenuates inflammation by activating ZEB2 in acute liver injury. Int Immunopharmacol 2021; 91:107235. [PMID: 33326919 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2020.107235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2020] [Revised: 11/13/2020] [Accepted: 11/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Paeonol is a natural phenolic compound and isolated as an active ingredient from Moutan Cortex. Paeonol derivative-6 (DPF-6) is a derivative of paeonol improved in water solubility and bioavailability. Previous studies have reported that paeonol possesses a variety of pharmacological activities, such as antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. Moreover, we have previously verified that DPF-6 has anti-inflammatory effects. However, the role and fundamental mechanism of DPF-6 in acute liver injury (ALI) was still unclear. In this study, we indicated that DPF-6 inhibited inflammation and the expression of TNF-α, IL-6 and IL-1β in liver tissues and LPS-mediated L-02 cells, concomitant with the upregulated expression of ZEB2. More importantly, it was demonstrated that overexpression of ZEB2 inhibited the expression level of TNF-α, IL-6 and IL-1β in LPS-mediated L-02 cells. In contrast, knockdown of ZEB2 increased the expression level of TNF-α, IL-6 and IL-1β in LPS-mediated L-02 cells. Further studies showed that ZEB2 inhibited the inflammation cytokine secretion via JNK signaling pathway in L-02 cells. Taken together, all the above results indicate that DPF-6 increased the expression of ZEB2, consequently inhibited inflammation cytokine secretion through JNK signaling pathway, which may be utilized as a potential anti-inflammation monomeric compound in the treatment of ALI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junfa Yang
- Key Laboratory of Anti-inflammatory and Immune Medicine, Ministry of Education, Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China; School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China; The Key Laboratory of Anti-inflammatory and Immune Medicines, Ministry of Education, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China
| | - Lei Xu
- School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China; The Key Laboratory of Anti-inflammatory and Immune Medicines, Ministry of Education, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China
| | - Meifei Wu
- School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China; The Key Laboratory of Anti-inflammatory and Immune Medicines, Ministry of Education, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China
| | - Hui Fang
- Hangzhou Normal University Affiliated Hospital, Hangzhou 310015, China
| | - Yuchen Lu
- School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China; The Key Laboratory of Anti-inflammatory and Immune Medicines, Ministry of Education, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China
| | | | - Yang Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China; The Key Laboratory of Anti-inflammatory and Immune Medicines, Ministry of Education, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China
| | - Shaowei Jiang
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical Unversity, Hefei, China
| | - Qiang Ma
- The Second Hosipital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui Province, China
| | - Zeng Li
- School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China; The Key Laboratory of Anti-inflammatory and Immune Medicines, Ministry of Education, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China
| | - Lingling Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Anti-inflammatory and Immune Medicine, Ministry of Education, Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China.
| | - Lei Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China; The Key Laboratory of Anti-inflammatory and Immune Medicines, Ministry of Education, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China.
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11
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Wu SY, Wang WJ, Dou JH, Gong LK. Research progress on the protective effects of licorice-derived 18β-glycyrrhetinic acid against liver injury. Acta Pharmacol Sin 2021; 42:18-26. [PMID: 32144337 PMCID: PMC7921636 DOI: 10.1038/s41401-020-0383-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2019] [Accepted: 02/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The first description of the medical use of licorice appeared in "Shennong Bencao Jing", one of the well-known Chinese herbal medicine classic books dated back to 220-280 AD. As one of the most commonly prescribed Chinese herbal medicine, licorice is known as "Guo Lao", meaning "a national treasure" in China. Modern pharmacological investigations have confirmed that licorice possesses a number of biological activities, such as antioxidation, anti-inflammatory, antiviral, immune regulation, and liver protection. 18β-glycyrrhetinic acid is one of the most extensively studied active integrants of licorice. Here, we provide an overview of the protective effects of 18β-glycyrrhetinic acid against various acute and chronic liver diseases observed in experimental models, and summarize its pharmacological effects and potential toxic/side effects at higher doses. We also make additional comments on the important areas that may warrant further research to support appropriate clinical applications of 18β-glycyrrhetinic acid and avoid potential risks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shou-Yan Wu
- Center for Drug Safety Evaluation and Research, State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201203, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Wen-Jie Wang
- Center for Drug Safety Evaluation and Research, State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201203, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Jin-Hui Dou
- National Center for Natural Products Research, School of Pharmacy, University of Mississippi, University, Oxford, MS, 38677, USA
| | - Li-Kun Gong
- Center for Drug Safety Evaluation and Research, State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201203, China.
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China.
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12
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Wei X, Zheng W, Tian P, Liu H, He Y, Peng M, Liu X, Li X. Administration of glycyrrhetinic acid reinforces therapeutic effects of mesenchymal stem cell-derived exosome against acute liver ischemia-reperfusion injury. J Cell Mol Med 2020; 24:11211-11220. [PMID: 32902129 PMCID: PMC7576231 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.15675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2020] [Revised: 06/04/2020] [Accepted: 06/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent studies have shown that mesenchymal stem cell‐derived exosome could attenuate ischaemia‐reperfusion (I/R) injury by suppressing inflammatory response in the liver. Glycyrrhetinic acid was also shown to be capable of repressing the TLR4 signalling pathway. However, it remains to be explored as whether the combined administration of mesenchyma stem cell (MSC)‐derived exosome and glycyrrhetinic acid (GA) could increase their therapeutic effects on I/R injury. Western blot was performed to evaluate the expression of proteins associated with inflammatory response in THP‐1 cells and I/R rat models treated under different conditions. Flow cytometry was carried out to analyse the proportions of different subtypes of peripheral blood cells in I/R rats. Alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) were measured to assess the liver injury in I/R rats. Combined treatment with MSC‐derived exosome and GA effectively maintained the expression of key proteins involved in inflammatory response in LPS stimulated THP‐1 cells and THP‐1 cells treated under hypoxia conditions. In the established of I/R rat models, GA administration reinforced the therapeutic efficiency of MSC‐derived exosomes by maintaining the proportion of different subgroups of peripheral blood cells, decreasing the concentration of ALT and AST, and restoring the expression of dysregulated proteins associated with inflammation. Our results demonstrated that treatment with exosomes derived from mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) attenuated liver I/R injury, while the pre‐treatment with GA may further promote the therapeutic effect of mesenchymal stem cell‐derived exosome against acute liver ischaemia‐reperfusion injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaolin Wei
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Shenzhen University General Hospital, Shenzhen University Clinical Medical Academy, Shenzhen, China
| | - Wenjing Zheng
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Shenzhen University General Hospital, Shenzhen University Clinical Medical Academy, Shenzhen, China
| | - Peikai Tian
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Shenzhen University General Hospital, Shenzhen University Clinical Medical Academy, Shenzhen, China
| | - Hui Liu
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Shenzhen University General Hospital, Shenzhen University Clinical Medical Academy, Shenzhen, China
| | - Yong He
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Shenzhen University General Hospital, Shenzhen University Clinical Medical Academy, Shenzhen, China
| | - Minjie Peng
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Shenzhen University General Hospital, Shenzhen University Clinical Medical Academy, Shenzhen, China
| | - Xiangde Liu
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Shenzhen University General Hospital, Shenzhen University Clinical Medical Academy, Shenzhen, China.,Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, China
| | - Xiaowu Li
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Shenzhen University General Hospital, Shenzhen University Clinical Medical Academy, Shenzhen, China
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13
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Shi X, Yu L, Zhang Y, Liu Z, Zhang H, Zhang Y, Liu P, Du P. Glycyrrhetinic acid alleviates hepatic inflammation injury in viral hepatitis disease via a HMGB1-TLR4 signaling pathway. Int Immunopharmacol 2020; 84:106578. [PMID: 32416454 PMCID: PMC7205693 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2020.106578] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2019] [Revised: 04/24/2020] [Accepted: 05/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Licorice defect in TCM recipes leads to the hepatotoxicity in administrated mice. GA inhibits viral hepatitis by suppressing HMGB1 release and cytokine activity. GA treatment effect on infected mice is similar with HMGB1 neutralizing antibody. HMGB1-TLR4 axis is involved in murine hepatic injury during MHV infection.
Various human disorders are cured by the use of licorice, a key ingredient of herbal remedies. Glycyrrhizic acid (GL), a triterpenoid glycoside, is the aqueous extract from licorice root. Glycyrrhetinic acid (GA) has been reported to be a major bioactive hydrolysis product of GL and has been regarded as an anti-inflammatory agent for the treatment of a variety of inflammatory diseases, including hepatitis. However, the mechanism by which GA inhibits viral hepatic inflammatory injury is not completely understood. In this study, we found that, by consecutively treating mice with a traditional herbal recipe, licorice plays an important role in the detoxification of mice. We also employed a murine hepatitis virus (MHV) infection model to illustrate that GA treatment inhibited activation of hepatic inflammatory responses by blocking high-mobility group box 1 (HMGB1) cytokine activity. Furthermore, decreased HMGB1 levels and downstream signaling triggered by injection of a neutralizing HMGB1 antibody or TLR4 gene deficiency, also significantly protected against MHV-induced severe hepatic injury. Thus, our findings characterize GA as a hepatoprotective therapy agent in hepatic infectious disease not only by suppressing HMGB1 release and blocking HMGB1 cytokine activity, but also via an underlying viral-induced HMGB1-TLR4 immunological regulation axis that occurs during the cytokine storm. The present study provides a new therapy strategy for the treatment of acute viral hepatitis in the clinical setting.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Anti-Inflammatory Agents/pharmacology
- Anti-Inflammatory Agents/therapeutic use
- Cell Line
- Cytokines/genetics
- Drugs, Chinese Herbal/pharmacology
- Drugs, Chinese Herbal/therapeutic use
- Female
- Glycyrrhetinic Acid/pharmacology
- Glycyrrhetinic Acid/therapeutic use
- Glycyrrhiza
- HMGB1 Protein/immunology
- Hepatitis, Viral, Animal/drug therapy
- Hepatitis, Viral, Animal/genetics
- Hepatitis, Viral, Animal/immunology
- Liver/drug effects
- Liver/immunology
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Mice, Knockout
- Murine hepatitis virus
- Signal Transduction/drug effects
- Toll-Like Receptor 4/genetics
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaodong Shi
- National Center for Occupational Safety and Health, National Health Commission of the People's Republic of China, Beijing 102308, China.
| | - Lijia Yu
- National Center for Occupational Safety and Health, National Health Commission of the People's Republic of China, Beijing 102308, China
| | - Yinglin Zhang
- National Center for Occupational Safety and Health, National Health Commission of the People's Republic of China, Beijing 102308, China
| | - Zequan Liu
- National Center for Occupational Safety and Health, National Health Commission of the People's Republic of China, Beijing 102308, China
| | - Huawei Zhang
- National Center for Occupational Safety and Health, National Health Commission of the People's Republic of China, Beijing 102308, China
| | - Yansong Zhang
- National Center for Occupational Safety and Health, National Health Commission of the People's Republic of China, Beijing 102308, China
| | - Ping Liu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Infection and Immunity, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Peishuang Du
- CAS Key Laboratory of Infection and Immunity, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
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14
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Im J, Baik JE, Lee D, Kum KY, Yun CH, Park OJ, Han SH. Lipoteichoic acid of Enterococcus faecalis interferes with Porphyromonas gingivalis lipopolysaccharide signaling via IRAK-M upregulation in human periodontal ligament cells. Mol Oral Microbiol 2020; 35:146-157. [PMID: 32311229 DOI: 10.1111/omi.12287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2019] [Revised: 03/15/2020] [Accepted: 04/14/2020] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Periodontitis is a chronic inflammatory disease of the gum caused by infection with multispecies oral bacteria. Since the periodontopathic bacteria, Porphyromonas gingivalis together with Enterococcus faecalis are frequently detected in patients with a severe form of periodontitis, interactions between their virulence factors might play an important role in progression of the disease. P. gingivalis and E. faecalis possess lipopolysaccharide (Pg.LPS) and lipoteichoic acid (Ef.LTA), respectively, as the major virulence factors inducing inflammatory responses. However, the combinatorial effect of these virulence factors on chemokine expression was poorly understood. Here, we examined the interaction between Ef.LTA and Pg.LPS on IL-8 induction in human periodontal ligament (PDL) cells. Pg.LPS, but not Ef.LTA, induced IL-8 expression at both mRNA and protein levels, which was suppressed in the presence of Ef.LTA. Although Ef.LTA and Pg.LPS could stimulate Toll-like receptor 2 (TLR2), Ef.LTA did not interfere with Pg.LPS induced-TLR2 activation. However, Ef.LTA decreased Pg.LPS-induced phosphorylation of ERK, JNK, and p38 kinase. Furthermore, Ef.LTA suppressed Pg.LPS-induced IL-8 promoter activity as well as AP-1, NF-IL6 and NF-κB transcription factors, which are indispensable for IL-8 expression. Interestingly, Ef.LTA enhanced only IL-1 receptor-associated kinase-M (IRAK-M) expression among the tested negative regulators of TLR intracellular signaling cascades in the presence of Pg.LPS. In addition, silencing IRAK-M restored the decreased IL-8 expression by Ef.LTA in the presence of Pg.LPS. Collectively, these results suggest that Ef.LTA inhibits Pg.LPS-induced IL-8 expression in human PDL cells via inducing the expression of a negative regulator of TLR signaling cascades, IRAK-M.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jintaek Im
- Department of Oral Microbiology and Immunology, DRI, and BK21 Plus Program, School of Dentistry, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jung Eun Baik
- Department of Oral Microbiology and Immunology, DRI, and BK21 Plus Program, School of Dentistry, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Dongwook Lee
- Department of Oral Microbiology and Immunology, DRI, and BK21 Plus Program, School of Dentistry, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Kee-Yeon Kum
- Department of Conservative Dentistry, DRI, School of Dentistry, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.,National Dental Care Center for Persons with Special Needs, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Cheol-Heui Yun
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology and Research Institute for Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Ok-Jin Park
- Department of Oral Microbiology and Immunology, DRI, and BK21 Plus Program, School of Dentistry, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung Hyun Han
- Department of Oral Microbiology and Immunology, DRI, and BK21 Plus Program, School of Dentistry, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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15
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Yang S, Kuang G, Zhang L, Wu S, Zhao Z, Wang B, Yin X, Gong X, Wan J. Mangiferin Attenuates LPS/D-GalN-Induced Acute Liver Injury by Promoting HO-1 in Kupffer Cells. Front Immunol 2020; 11:285. [PMID: 32158448 PMCID: PMC7052129 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.00285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2019] [Accepted: 02/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Acute liver injury and its terminal phase, hepatic failure, trigger a series of complications, including hepatic encephalopathy, systematic inflammatory response syndrome, and multiorgan failure, with relatively high morbidity and mortality. Liver transplantation is the ultimate intervention, but the shortage of donor organs has limited clinical success. Mangiferin (MF), a xanthone glucoside, has been reported to have excellent anti-inflammatory efficacy. Here, a lipopolysaccharide (LPS)/D-galactosamine (D-GalN)-induced acute liver injury mouse model was established to investigate the protective role of MF and the underlying mechanisms of action. Pretreatment with MF improved survival, decreased serum aminotransferase activities, and inhibited hepatic TNF-α production in LPS/D-GalN-challenged mice. Through Kupffer cell (KC) deletion by GdCl3 and KC adoptive transfer, KCs were confirmed to be involved in these beneficial effects of MF. MF reduced LPS-mediated TNF-α production via the suppression of the TLR4/NF-κB signaling pathway in vitro. MF promoted HO-1 expression, but the knockdown of HO-1 prevented TNF-α inhibition, suggesting that the damage-resistance effects of HO-1 occurred via the suppression of TNF-α synthesis. When HO-1-silenced KCs were transferred to the liver with KC deletion, the protective effect of MF against LPS/D-GalN-induced acute liver injury was reduced, illustrating the role of KC-derived HO-1 in the anti-injury effects of MF. Collectively, MF attenuated acute liver injury induced by LPS/D-GalN via the inhibition of TNF-α production by promoting KCs to upregulate HO-1 expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sen Yang
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Ge Kuang
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Liangke Zhang
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Shengwang Wu
- Department of Anatomy, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Zizuo Zhao
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Bin Wang
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Xinru Yin
- Department of Gastroenterology, Institute of Surgery Research, Daping Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Xia Gong
- Department of Anatomy, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Jingyuan Wan
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
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16
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Jiang X, Kuang G, Gong X, Jiang R, Xie T, Tie H, Wu S, Wang T, Wan J, Wang B. Glycyrrhetinic acid pretreatment attenuates liver ischemia/reperfusion injury via inhibiting TLR4 signaling cascade in mice. Int Immunopharmacol 2019; 76:105870. [PMID: 31493667 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2019.105870] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2019] [Revised: 08/28/2019] [Accepted: 08/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Glycyrrhetinic acid (GA), the main bioactive substances of glycyrrhiza uralensis Fisch, has been reported to exhibit hepatoprotective and anti-inflammatory properties. However, the effects and underlying mechanisms of GA in liver ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury remain elusive. In this study, mice were pretreated with GA (100 mg/kg) three times a day by gavage prior to I/R injury, and then hepatic histopathological damages, biochemical parameters and inflammatory molecules were evaluated. We found that mice performed with liver I/R showed a significantly increase in plasma aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), liver cell apoptosis and infiltration of neutrophils compared with the control group. GA pretreatment notably improved liver function, histopathology of liver tissues, and lowered liver cell apoptosis and infiltration of neutrophils. Besides, further analysis indicated that GA pretreatment reduced I/R-induced expression of extracellular HMGB1, inhibited activation of TLR4 and following phosphorylation of IRAK1, ERK, P38 and NF-κB, and attenuated TNF-α and IL-1β production. These data suggested that GA protected against liver I/R injury through a HMGB1-TLR4 signaling pathway and it might be a promising drug for future clinical use in liver transplantation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xujie Jiang
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Ge Kuang
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Xia Gong
- Department of Anatomy, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Rong Jiang
- Laboratory of Stem Cell and Tissue Engineering, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Tianjun Xie
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Hongtao Tie
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Shengwang Wu
- Department of Anatomy, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Ting Wang
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Jingyuan Wan
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China.
| | - Bin Wang
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China.
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17
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Natural products in licorice for the therapy of liver diseases: Progress and future opportunities. Pharmacol Res 2019; 144:210-226. [PMID: 31022523 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2019.04.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 159] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2019] [Revised: 04/18/2019] [Accepted: 04/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Liver diseases related complications represent a significant source of morbidity and mortality worldwide, creating a substantial economic burden. Oxidative stress, excessive inflammation, and dysregulated energy metabolism significantly contributed to liver diseases. Therefore, discovery of novel therapeutic drugs for the treatment of liver diseases are urgently required. Licorice is one of the most commonly used herbal drugs in Traditional Chinese Medicine for the treatment of liver diseases and drug-induced liver injury (DILI). Various bioactive components have been isolated and identified from the licorice, including glycyrrhizin, glycyrrhetinic acid, liquiritigenin, Isoliquiritigenin, licochalcone A, and glycycoumarin. Emerging evidence suggested that these natural products relieved liver diseases and prevented DILI through multi-targeting therapeutic mechanisms, including anti-steatosis, anti-oxidative stress, anti-inflammation, immunoregulation, anti-fibrosis, anti-cancer, and drug-drug interactions. In the current review, we summarized the recent progress in the research of hepatoprotective and toxic effects of different licorice-derived bioactive ingredients and also highlighted the potency of these compounds as promising therapeutic options for the treatment of liver diseases and DILI. We also outlined the networks of underlying molecular signaling pathways. Further pharmacology and toxicology research will contribute to the development of natural products in licorice and their derivatives as medicines with alluring prospect in the clinical application.
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18
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Pastorino G, Cornara L, Soares S, Rodrigues F, Oliveira MBP. Liquorice (Glycyrrhiza glabra): A phytochemical and pharmacological review. Phytother Res 2018; 32:2323-2339. [PMID: 30117204 PMCID: PMC7167772 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.6178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 304] [Impact Index Per Article: 50.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2018] [Revised: 06/01/2018] [Accepted: 07/20/2018] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
In the last years, consumers are paying much more attention to natural medicines and principles, mainly due to the general sense that natural compounds are safe. On the other hand, there is a growing demand by industry for plants used in traditional medicine that could be incorporated in foods, nutraceuticals, cosmetics, or even pharmaceuticals. Glycyrrhiza glabra Linn. belongs to the Fabaceae family and has been recognized since ancient times for its ethnopharmacological values. This plant contains different phytocompounds, such as glycyrrhizin, 18β-glycyrrhetinic acid, glabrin A and B, and isoflavones, that have demonstrated various pharmacological activities. Pharmacological experiments have demonstrated that different extracts and pure compounds from this species exhibit a broad range of biological properties, including antibacterial, anti-inflammatory, antiviral, antioxidant, and antidiabetic activities. A few toxicological studies have reported some concerns. This review addresses all those issues and focuses on the pharmacological activities reported for G. glabra. Therefore, an updated, critical, and extensive overview on the current knowledge of G. glabra composition and biological activities is provided here in order to explore its therapeutic potential and future challenges to be utilized for the formulation of new products that will contribute to human well-being.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Laura Cornara
- DISTAVUniversity of GenoaGenoaItaly
- Istituto di BiofisicaConsiglio Nazionale delle RicercheGenoaItaly
| | - Sónia Soares
- LAQV/REQUIMTE, Faculty of PharmacyUniversity of PortoPortoPortugal
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19
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Itoh T, Katsurayama K, Efdi M, Ninomiya M, Koketsu M. Sentulic acid isolated from Sandoricum koetjape Merr attenuates lipopolysaccharide and interferon gamma co-stimulated nitric oxide production in murine macrophage RAW264 cells. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2018; 28:3496-3501. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2018.10.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2018] [Revised: 09/22/2018] [Accepted: 10/09/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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20
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Qinna NA, Ghanim BY. Chemical induction of hepatic apoptosis in rodents. J Appl Toxicol 2018; 39:178-190. [PMID: 30350376 DOI: 10.1002/jat.3740] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2018] [Accepted: 09/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The urge of identifying new pharmacological interventions to prevent or attenuate liver injury is of critical importance and needs an expanded experimental toolbox. Hepatocyte injury and cellular death is a prominent feature behind the pathology of liver diseases. Several research activities focused on identifying chemicals and hepatotoxicants that induce cell death by apoptosis, in addition to presenting its corresponding signaling pathway. Although such efforts provided further understanding of the mechanisms of cell death, it has also raised confusion concerning identifying the involvement of several modes of cell death including apoptosis, necrosis and fibrosis. The current review highlights the ability of several chemicals and potential hepatotoxicants to induce liver damage in rodents by means of apoptosis while the probable involvement of other modes of cell death is also exposed. Thus, several chemical substances including hepatotoxins, mycotoxins, hyperglycemia inducers, metallic nanoparticles and immunosuppressant drugs are reviewed to explore the hepatic cytotoxic spectrum they could exert on hepatocytes of rodents. In addition, the current review address the mechanism by which hepatotoxicity is initiated in hepatocytes in different rodents aiding the researcher in choosing the right animal model for a better research outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nidal A Qinna
- University of Petra Pharmaceutical Center (UPPC), Faculty of Pharmacy and Medical Sciences, University of Petra, Amman, Jordan
| | - Bayan Y Ghanim
- University of Petra Pharmaceutical Center (UPPC), Faculty of Pharmacy and Medical Sciences, University of Petra, Amman, Jordan
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21
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Willebrords J, Maes M, Crespo Yanguas S, Vinken M. Inhibitors of connexin and pannexin channels as potential therapeutics. Pharmacol Ther 2017; 180:144-160. [PMID: 28720428 PMCID: PMC5802387 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2017.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 106] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
While gap junctions support the exchange of a number of molecules between neighboring cells, connexin hemichannels provide communication between the cytosol and the extracellular environment of an individual cell. The latter equally holds true for channels composed of pannexin proteins, which display an architecture reminiscent of connexin hemichannels. In physiological conditions, gap junctions are usually open, while connexin hemichannels and, to a lesser extent, pannexin channels are typically closed, yet they can be activated by a number of pathological triggers. Several agents are available to inhibit channels built up by connexin and pannexin proteins, including alcoholic substances, glycyrrhetinic acid, anesthetics and fatty acids. These compounds not always strictly distinguish between gap junctions, connexin hemichannels and pannexin channels, and may have effects on other targets as well. An exception lies with mimetic peptides, which reproduce specific amino acid sequences in connexin or pannexin primary protein structure. In this paper, a state-of-the-art overview is provided on inhibitors of cellular channels consisting of connexins and pannexins with specific focus on their mode-of-action and therapeutic potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joost Willebrords
- Department of In Vitro Toxicology and Dermato-cosmetology, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Laarbeeklaan 103, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Michaël Maes
- Department of In Vitro Toxicology and Dermato-cosmetology, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Laarbeeklaan 103, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Sara Crespo Yanguas
- Department of In Vitro Toxicology and Dermato-cosmetology, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Laarbeeklaan 103, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Mathieu Vinken
- Department of In Vitro Toxicology and Dermato-cosmetology, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Laarbeeklaan 103, Brussels, Belgium.
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Yang G, Zhang L, Ma L, Jiang R, Kuang G, Li K, Tie H, Wang B, Chen X, Xie T, Gong X, Wan J. Glycyrrhetinic acid prevents acetaminophen-induced acute liver injury via the inhibition of CYP2E1 expression and HMGB1-TLR4 signal activation in mice. Int Immunopharmacol 2017; 50:186-193. [PMID: 28668488 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2017.06.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2017] [Revised: 06/05/2017] [Accepted: 06/23/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Acetaminophen (APAP) is a widely used antipyretic and analgesic drug, which is safe and effective at the therapeutic dose. Unfortunately, excessive dosage of APAP could cause severe liver injury due to lack of effective therapy. Successful therapeutic strategies are urgently requested in clinic. Glycyrrhetinic acid (GA), derived from a traditional medicine licorice, has been shown to exert anti-inflammatory and antioxidant actions. In this study, the effect and the underlying mechanism of GA on APAP-induced hepatotoxicity were explored. Our results showed that pretreatment with GA significantly reduced serum ALT and AST activities, alleviated hepatic pathological damages with hepatocellular apoptosis, down-regulated expression of CYP2E1 mRNA and protein, increased GSH levels, and reduced reactive oxygen species (ROS) productions in the liver of APAP-exposed mice. Furthermore, GA obviously inhibited APAP-induced HMGB1-TLR4 signal activation, as evaluated by reduced hepatic HMGB1 release, p-IRAK1, p-MAPK and p-IκB expression as well as the productions of TNF-α and IL-1β. In addition, GA attenuated hepatic neutrophils recruitment and macrophages infiltration caused by APAP. These findings reflected that GA could alleviate APAP-induced hepatotoxicity, the possible mechanism is associated with down-regulation of CYP2E1 expression and deactivation of HMGB1-TLR4 signal pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Genling Yang
- Laboratory Animal Center, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 40016, China
| | - Li Zhang
- Laboratory of Stem Cell and Tissue Engineering, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 40016, China
| | - Li Ma
- Department of Pharmacology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 40016, China
| | - Rong Jiang
- Laboratory of Stem Cell and Tissue Engineering, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 40016, China
| | - Ge Kuang
- Department of Pharmacology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 40016, China
| | - Ke Li
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 40016, China
| | - Hongtao Tie
- Cardiothoracic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 40016, China
| | - Bin Wang
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Xinyu Chen
- Chongqing Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Chongqing 400021, China
| | - Tianjun Xie
- Department of Pharmacology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 40016, China
| | - Xia Gong
- Department of Anatomy, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China.
| | - Jingyuan Wan
- Department of Pharmacology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 40016, China.
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