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Varshney S, Kumar D, Choudhary R, Gupta A, Beg M, Shankar K, Rajan S, Srivastava A, Gupta S, Khandelwal N, Balaramnavar VM, Gaikwad AN. Flavopiridol inhibits adipogenesis and improves metabolic homeostasis by ameliorating adipose tissue inflammation in a diet-induced obesity model. Biomed Pharmacother 2024; 179:117330. [PMID: 39208666 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2024.117330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2024] [Revised: 08/14/2024] [Accepted: 08/21/2024] [Indexed: 09/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Repositioning of FDA approved/clinical phase drugs has recently opened a new opportunity for rapid approval of drugs, as it shortens the overall process of drug discovery and development. In previous studies, we predicted the possibility of better activity profiles of flavopiridol, the FDA approved orphan drug with better fit value 2.79 using a common feature pharmacophore model for anti-adipogenic compounds (CFMPA). The present study aimed to investigate the effect of flavopiridol on adipocyte differentiation and to determine the underlying mechanism. Flavopiridol inhibited adipocyte differentiation in different cell models like 3T3-L1, C3H10T1/2, and hMSCs at 150 nM. Flavopiridol was around 135 times more potent than its parent molecule rohitukine. The effect was mediated through down-regulation of key transcription factors of adipogenesis i.e. Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARγ), CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein alpha (C/EBPα), and their downstream targets, including adipocyte protein -2 (aP2) and fatty acid synthase (FAS). Further, results revealed that flavopiridol arrested the cell cycle in G1/S phase during mitotic clonal expansion by suppressing cell cycle regulatory proteins i.e. Cyclins and CDKs. Flavopiridol inhibited insulin-stimulated signalling in the early phase of adipocyte differentiation by downregulation of AKT/mTOR pathway. In addition, flavopiridol improved mitochondrial function in terms of increased oxygen consumption rate (OCR) in mature adipocytes. In the mouse model of diet-induced obesity, flavopiridol attenuated obesity-associated adipose tissue inflammation and improved serum lipid profile, glucose tolerance as well as insulin sensitivity. In conclusion, the FDA approved drug flavopiridol could be placed as a potential drug candidate for the treatment of cancer and obesity comorbid patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Salil Varshney
- Division of Pharmacology, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow 226031, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
| | - Durgesh Kumar
- Division of Pharmacology, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow 226031, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
| | - Rakhi Choudhary
- Global Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Jaspur Road, Kashipur, Uttarakhand 244713, India
| | - Abhishek Gupta
- Division of Pharmacology, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow 226031, India
| | - Muheeb Beg
- Division of Pharmacology, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow 226031, India
| | - Kripa Shankar
- Division of Pharmacology, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow 226031, India
| | - Sujith Rajan
- Division of Pharmacology, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow 226031, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
| | - Ankita Srivastava
- Division of Pharmacology, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow 226031, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
| | - Sanchita Gupta
- Division of Pharmacology, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow 226031, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
| | - Nilesh Khandelwal
- Division of Pharmacology, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow 226031, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
| | - Vishal M Balaramnavar
- Global Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Jaspur Road, Kashipur, Uttarakhand 244713, India; School of Pharmacy & Research Center, Sanskriti University, 281401 Mathura, UP, India
| | - Anil N Gaikwad
- Division of Pharmacology, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow 226031, India.
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Gupta A, Balakrishnan B, Karki S, Slayton M, Jash S, Banerjee S, Grahn THM, Jambunathan S, Disney S, Hussein H, Kong D, Lowell BB, Natarajan P, Reddy UK, Gokce N, Sharma VM, Puri V. Human CIDEC transgene improves lipid metabolism and protects against high-fat diet-induced glucose intolerance in mice. J Biol Chem 2022; 298:102347. [PMID: 35963433 PMCID: PMC9472082 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2022.102347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2022] [Revised: 07/08/2022] [Accepted: 07/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Cell death–inducing DNA fragmentation factor-like effector C (CIDEC) expression in adipose tissue positively correlates with insulin sensitivity in obese humans. Further, E186X, a single-nucleotide CIDEC variant is associated with lipodystrophy, hypertriglyceridemia, and insulin resistance. To establish the unknown mechanistic link between CIDEC and maintenance of systemic glucose homeostasis, we generated transgenic mouse models expressing CIDEC (Ad-CIDECtg) and CIDEC E186X variant (Ad-CIDECmut) transgene specifically in the adipose tissue. We found that Ad-CIDECtg but not Ad-CIDECmut mice were protected against high-fat diet-induced glucose intolerance. Furthermore, we revealed the role of CIDEC in lipid metabolism using transcriptomics and lipidomics. Serum triglycerides, cholesterol, and low-density lipoproteins were lower in high-fat diet-fed Ad-CIDECtg mice compared to their littermate controls. Mechanistically, we demonstrated that CIDEC regulates the enzymatic activity of adipose triglyceride lipase via interacting with its activator, CGI-58, to reduce free fatty acid release and lipotoxicity. In addition, we confirmed that CIDEC is indeed a vital regulator of lipolysis in adipose tissue of obese humans, and treatment with recombinant CIDEC decreased triglyceride breakdown in visceral human adipose tissue. Our study unravels a central pathway whereby adipocyte-specific CIDEC plays a pivotal role in regulating adipose lipid metabolism and whole-body glucose homeostasis. In summary, our findings identify human CIDEC as a potential ‘drug’ or a ‘druggable’ target to reverse obesity-induced lipotoxicity and glucose intolerance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abhishek Gupta
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Diabetes Institute, Heritage College of Osteopathic Medicine, Ohio University, Athens, OH, USA
| | - Bijinu Balakrishnan
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Diabetes Institute, Heritage College of Osteopathic Medicine, Ohio University, Athens, OH, USA
| | - Shakun Karki
- Evans Department of Medicine and Whitaker Cardiovascular Institute, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Mark Slayton
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Diabetes Institute, Heritage College of Osteopathic Medicine, Ohio University, Athens, OH, USA
| | - Sukanta Jash
- Alpert Medical school of Brown University, Brown University, RI, USA
| | - Sayani Banerjee
- Alpert Medical school of Brown University, Brown University, RI, USA
| | - Tan Hooi Min Grahn
- Division of Molecular Medicine and Gene Therapy, Lund Stem Cell Center, Lund University Hospital, Lund, Sweden
| | | | - Sarah Disney
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Diabetes Institute, Heritage College of Osteopathic Medicine, Ohio University, Athens, OH, USA
| | - Hebaallaha Hussein
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Diabetes Institute, Heritage College of Osteopathic Medicine, Ohio University, Athens, OH, USA
| | - Dong Kong
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Pediatrics, F.M. Kirby Neurobiology Center, Boston Children's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Bradford B Lowell
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA; Program in Neuroscience, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | | | - Umesh K Reddy
- Department of Biology, West Virginia State University, Institute, WV, USA
| | - Noyan Gokce
- Evans Department of Medicine and Whitaker Cardiovascular Institute, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Vishva M Sharma
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Diabetes Institute, Heritage College of Osteopathic Medicine, Ohio University, Athens, OH, USA.
| | - Vishwajeet Puri
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Diabetes Institute, Heritage College of Osteopathic Medicine, Ohio University, Athens, OH, USA.
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Correlation between Mitochondrial Dysfunction, Cardiovascular Diseases, and Traditional Chinese Medicine. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2020; 2020:2902136. [PMID: 33101442 PMCID: PMC7568168 DOI: 10.1155/2020/2902136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2020] [Revised: 09/08/2020] [Accepted: 09/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is the number one threat that seriously endangers human health. However, the mechanism of their occurrence is not completely clear. Increasing studies showed that mitochondrial dysfunction is closely related to CVD. Possible causes of mitochondrial dysfunction include oxidative stress, Ca2+ disorder, mitochondrial DNA mutations, and reduction of mitochondrial biosynthesis, all of which are closely related to the development of CVD. At present, traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) is widely used in the treatment of CVD. TCM has the therapeutic characteristics of multitargets and multipathways. Studies have shown that TCM can treat CVD by protecting mitochondrial function. Via systematic literature review, the results show that the specific mechanisms include antioxidant stress, regulation of calcium homeostasis, antiapoptosis, and regulation of mitochondrial biosynthesis. This article describes the relationship between mitochondrial dysfunction and CVD, summarizes the TCM commonly used for the treatment of CVD in recent years, and focuses on the regulatory effect of TCM on mitochondrial function.
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Singh P, Bajpai V, Khandelwal N, Varshney S, Gaikwad AN, Srivastava M, Singh B, Kumar B. Determination of bioactive compounds of Artemisia Spp. plant extracts by LC-MS/MS technique and their in-vitro anti-adipogenic activity screening. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2020; 193:113707. [PMID: 33160219 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2020.113707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2020] [Revised: 10/11/2020] [Accepted: 10/12/2020] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Ultra Performance Liquid Chromatography coupled with hybrid triple quadrupole linear ion trap tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC-ESI-QqQLIT-MS/MS) method in multiple reaction monitoring (MRM) acquisition mode was developed and validated for identification and simultaneous determination of potential anti-diabetic and anti-malarial compounds in ethanolic extracts of different Artemisia species. The chromatographic separation was carried out on an Acquity BEH™ C18 column (1.7 μm, 2.1 × 50 mm) with 0.1 % (v/v) formic acid in water and acetonitrile as mobile phase under gradient condition in 6 min. The developed method was validated in terms of linearity, LOD, LOQ, precision, stability and recovery according to international conference on harmonization guidelines. The correlation coefficients of all the calibration curves were ≥0.9902 and recoveries ranged from 98.22 to 104.49% (RSD ≤2.18 %). Relative standard deviations of intra-day, inter-day precisions and stability were ≤ 1.04, 1.09 and 2.80 %, respectively. The quantitative results showed remarkable differences in the content of all the compounds in different Artemisia species. The quantitative values of each peak were summarized as mean ± SD. The statistical analysis for comparison of observed quantitative differences of each compound was done to show that they are statistically significant. In-vitro assessment of extracts of selected Artemisia species inhibited adipocyte differentiation in 3T3-L1 cells, hence it may have certain phytochemicals which are responsible for reducing obesity and related metabolic disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pratibha Singh
- Sophisticated Analytical Instrument Facility, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow, 226031, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh - 201002, India.
| | - Vikas Bajpai
- Sophisticated Analytical Instrument Facility, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow, 226031, India
| | - Nilesh Khandelwal
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh - 201002, India; Pharmacology Division, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow, 226031, India
| | - Salil Varshney
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh - 201002, India; Pharmacology Division, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow, 226031, India
| | - Anil N Gaikwad
- Pharmacology Division, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow, 226031, India.
| | - Mukesh Srivastava
- Biometry and Statistics Division, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow, 226031, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Bikarma Singh
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh - 201002, India; Biodiversity and Applied Botany Division CSIR- Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine, Canal Road, Jammu, 180001, India
| | - Brijesh Kumar
- Sophisticated Analytical Instrument Facility, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow, 226031, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh - 201002, India.
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Lan T, Li Q, Chang M, Yin C, Zhu D, Wu Z, Li X, Zhang W, Yue B, Shi J, Yuan H, Su Z, Guo H. Lei-gong-gen formula granule attenuates hyperlipidemia in rats via cGMP-PKG signaling pathway. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2020; 260:112989. [PMID: 32526339 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2020.112989] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2019] [Revised: 02/14/2020] [Accepted: 05/16/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Lei-gong-gen formula granule (LFG) is a folk prescription derived from Zhuang nationality, the largest ethnic minority among the 56 nationalities in China. It is composed of three herbs, namely Centella asiatica (L.) Urb., Eclipta prostrata (L.) L., Smilax glabra Roxb. It has been widely used as health protection tea for many years to prevent cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases such as hyperlipidemia and hypertension. AIM OF THE STUDY This study validated the lipid-lowering effect of LFG in a hyperlipidemia rat model. Then we employed network pharmacology and molecular biological approach to identify the active ingredients of LFG, corresponding targets, and its anti-hyperlipidemia mechanisms. MATERIALS AND METHODS Hyperlipidemia rat model was established by feeding male Sprague-Dawley rats with high-fat diet for two weeks. LFG (two doses of 10 and 20 g/kg) was administered orally to hyperlipidemia rat model for 4 weeks, twice per day. Serum levels of total cholesterol (TC), triglycerides (TG), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) were monitored in rats pre and post-treatment. Hematoxylin-eosin staining was applied to observe the pathology and lipid accumulation of liver. We then performed network pharmacology analysis to predict the ingredients, their associated targets, and hyperlipidemia associated targets. Pathway analysis with significant genes was carried out using KEGG pathway. These genes and proteins intersectioned between compound targets and hyperlipidemia targets were further verified with samples from hyperlipidemia rats treated with LFG using Real-time RT-PCR and Western Blot. RESULTS LFG attenuated hyperlipidemia in rat model, and this was characterized with decreased serum levels of TC, LDL-C, liver wet weight, and liver index. LFG alleviated the hepatic steatosis in hyperlipidemia rats. Network pharmacology analysis identified 53 bioactive ingredients from LFG formula (three herbs), which link to 765 potential targets. 53 hyperlipidemia associated genes were retrieved from public databases. There were 10 common genes between ingredients-targets and hyperlipidemia associated genes, which linked to 20 bioactive ingredients. Among these 10 genes, 3 of them were validated to be involved in LFG's anti-hyperlipidemia effect using Real-time RT-PCR, namely ADRB2 encoding beta-2 adrenergic receptor, NOS3 encoding nitric oxide synthase 3, LDLR encoding low-density lipoprotein receptor. The cGMP-PKG signaling pathway was enriched for hyperlipidemia after pharmacology network analysis with ADRB2, NOS3, and LDLR. Interestingly, expression of cGMP-dependent protein kinase (PKG) was downregulated in hyperlipidemia rat after LFG treatment. Molecular docking study further supported that ferulic acid, histidine, p-hydroxybenzoic acid, and linalool were potential active ingredients for LFG's anti-hyperlipidemia effect. LC-MS/MS analysis confirmed that ferulic acid and p-hydroxybenzoic acid were active ingredients of LFG. CONCLUSION LFG exhibited the lipid-lowering effect, which might be attributed to downregulating ADRB2 and NOS3, and upregulating LDLR through the cGMP-PKG signaling pathway in hyperlipidemia rat. Ferulic acid and p-hydroxybenzoic acid might be the underlying active ingredients which affect the potential targets for their anti-hyperlipidemia effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taijin Lan
- School of Preclinical Medicine, Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, 179 Mingxiu Dong Road, Nanning, 530001, China
| | - Qiaofeng Li
- Key Laboratory of Longevity and Aging-related Diseases of Chinese Ministry of Education & Center for Translational Medicine, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, 530021, China; School of Preclinical Medicine, Guangxi Medical University, 22 Shuangyong Road, Nanning, 530021, China
| | - Ming Chang
- Key Laboratory of Longevity and Aging-related Diseases of Chinese Ministry of Education & Center for Translational Medicine, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, 530021, China; School of Preclinical Medicine, Guangxi Medical University, 22 Shuangyong Road, Nanning, 530021, China
| | - Chunli Yin
- College of Pharmacy, Guangxi Medical University, 22 Shuangyong Road, Nanning, 530021, China
| | - Dan Zhu
- College of Pharmacy, Guangxi Medical University, 22 Shuangyong Road, Nanning, 530021, China
| | - Zheng Wu
- College of Pharmacy, Guangxi Medical University, 22 Shuangyong Road, Nanning, 530021, China
| | - Xiaolan Li
- Key Laboratory of Longevity and Aging-related Diseases of Chinese Ministry of Education & Center for Translational Medicine, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, 530021, China; College of Pharmacy, Guangxi Medical University, 22 Shuangyong Road, Nanning, 530021, China
| | - Weiquan Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Longevity and Aging-related Diseases of Chinese Ministry of Education & Center for Translational Medicine, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, 530021, China; College of Pharmacy, Guangxi Medical University, 22 Shuangyong Road, Nanning, 530021, China
| | - Bangwen Yue
- College of Pharmacy, Guangxi Medical University, 22 Shuangyong Road, Nanning, 530021, China
| | - Junlin Shi
- Key Laboratory of Longevity and Aging-related Diseases of Chinese Ministry of Education & Center for Translational Medicine, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, 530021, China
| | - Hebao Yuan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Michigan, 1600 Huron Parkway, MI, 48109, USA.
| | - Zhiheng Su
- College of Pharmacy, Guangxi Medical University, 22 Shuangyong Road, Nanning, 530021, China.
| | - Hongwei Guo
- Key Laboratory of Longevity and Aging-related Diseases of Chinese Ministry of Education & Center for Translational Medicine, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, 530021, China; College of Pharmacy, Guangxi Medical University, 22 Shuangyong Road, Nanning, 530021, China; Guangxi Key Laboratory of Regenerative Medicine, Guangxi Medical University, 530021, China.
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Feng L, Zhai YY, Xu J, Yao WF, Cao YD, Cheng FF, Bao BH, Zhang L. A review on traditional uses, phytochemistry and pharmacology of Eclipta prostrata (L.) L. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2019; 245:112109. [PMID: 31395303 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2019.112109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2018] [Revised: 07/22/2019] [Accepted: 07/23/2019] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Eclipta prostrata, a traditional herbal medicine, has long been used in Asia and South America for the therapy of hemorrhagic diseases (e.g. hemoptysis, hematemesis, hematuria, epistaxis and uterine bleeding), skin diseases, respiratory disorders, coronary heart disease, hair loss, vitiligo, snake bite and those caused by the deficiency of liver and kidney. AIM OF THE REVIEW In this review, we highlight relatively comprehensive and up-to-date information of E. prostrata on traditional uses, phytochemistry, pharmacology and toxicity, along with featuring the gaps in current knowledge, aiming to provide references for future research and possible opportunities for well applications of this medicinal plant. MATERIALS AND METHODS Information on E. prostrata was gathered from scientific databases (Google Scholar, Web of Science, Scifinder, Baidu Scholar, PubMed and CNKI). Information was also obtained from local books, Ph.D. theses and M.Sc. dissertations and Chinese Pharmacopoeia. The plant taxonomy was validated by the database "The Plant List". RESULTS Various phytochemical classes has been identified and isolated from the plant covering triterpenes, flavonoids, thiopenes, coumestans, steroids and others. Among these, coumestans are reported as the most common ingredients. The isolated crude extracts and individual compounds have been reported to exhibit promising pharmacological properties, such as hepatoprotective, osteoprotective, cytotoxic, hypoglycaemic, anti-inflammatory, anti-microbial, hypolipidemic, promoting hair growth, rejuvenative and neuroprotective effects. CONCLUSIONS Until now, significant progress has been witnessed in phytochemistry and pharmacology of E. prostrata. Thus, some traditional uses has been well supported and clarified by modern pharmacological studies. Moreover, E. prostrata also showed therapeutic potential in some refractory diseases such as cancer, dementia and diabetes. But, present findings are still insufficient that cannot satisfactorily explain some mechanisms of action. More well-designed studies in vitro especially in vivo are required to establish links between the traditional uses and bioactivities, discover new skeletons and activity molecules, as well as ensure safety before clinical use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Feng
- School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, China.
| | - Yuan-Yuan Zhai
- School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, China.
| | - Jia Xu
- School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, China.
| | - Wei-Feng Yao
- School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, China; Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, National and Local Collaborative Engineering Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization and Formulae Innovative Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, China.
| | - Yu-Dan Cao
- School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, China; Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, National and Local Collaborative Engineering Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization and Formulae Innovative Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, China.
| | - Fang-Fang Cheng
- School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, China; Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, National and Local Collaborative Engineering Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization and Formulae Innovative Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, China.
| | - Bei-Hua Bao
- School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, China; Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, National and Local Collaborative Engineering Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization and Formulae Innovative Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, China.
| | - Li Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, China; Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, National and Local Collaborative Engineering Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization and Formulae Innovative Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, China.
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Kumar D, Shankar K, Patel S, Gupta A, Varshney S, Gupta S, Rajan S, Srivastava A, Vishwakarma AL, Gaikwad AN. Chronic hyperinsulinemia promotes meta-inflammation and extracellular matrix deposition in adipose tissue: Implications of nitric oxide. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2018; 477:15-28. [PMID: 29753026 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2018.05.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2017] [Revised: 05/07/2018] [Accepted: 05/08/2018] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Various imperative studies support the notion that hyperinsulinemia (HI) itself serves as the common link between adipose tissue inflammation (ATI) and metabolic syndrome. However, the contribution of HI mediated ATI and its metabolic consequences are yet to be explored. We induced chronic HI per se in mice by administration of exogenous insulin for 8 weeks through mini-osmotic pumps. For the reduction of circulating insulin in response to excess calorie intake, we have partially ablated β-cells by using streptozotocin (STZ) in the diet-induced obesity (DIO) and genetic mice models (db/db). Flow cytometry analysis was performed for the quantification of immune cells in stromal vascular fraction (SVF) isolated from epididymal white adipose tissue (eWAT). Our studies demonstrated that chronic HI augmented ATI in terms of elevated pro-inflammatory cells (M1 macrophages and NK-cells) and suppressed anti-inflammatory cells (M2 macrophages, eosinophils and regulatory T-cells). These results were correlated with altered obesity-associated metabolic phenotype. Partial reduction of circulating insulin level attenuated excess calorie-induced ATI and improved insulin sensitivity. Mechanistically, an imbalance in M1 and M2 macrophage proportions in eWAT promoted iNOS (inducible nitric oxide synthase): arginase-1 imbalance that resulted into extracellular matrix (ECM) deposition and insulin resistance (IR) development. However, iNOS-/- mice were protected from HI-induced M1:M2 macrophage imbalance, ECM deposition and IR in adipose tissue. Overall, we conclude that chronic HI per se contributed in ATI and iNOS corroborated ECM deposition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Durgesh Kumar
- Division of Pharmacology, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow 226031, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research, CSIR-CDRI, India
| | - Kripa Shankar
- Division of Pharmacology, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow 226031, India
| | - Saraswati Patel
- Division of Pharmacology, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow 226031, India
| | - Abhishek Gupta
- Division of Pharmacology, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow 226031, India
| | - Salil Varshney
- Division of Pharmacology, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow 226031, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research, CSIR-CDRI, India
| | - Sanchita Gupta
- Division of Pharmacology, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow 226031, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research, CSIR-CDRI, India
| | - Sujith Rajan
- Division of Pharmacology, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow 226031, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research, CSIR-CDRI, India
| | - Ankita Srivastava
- Division of Pharmacology, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow 226031, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research, CSIR-CDRI, India
| | - Achchhe Lal Vishwakarma
- Sophisticated Analytical Instrument Facility, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow 226031, India
| | - Anil N Gaikwad
- Division of Pharmacology, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow 226031, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research, CSIR-CDRI, India.
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