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Pereira RFS, de Carvalho CCCR. Optimization of Multiparameters for Increased Yields of Cytochrome B5 in Bioreactors. Molecules 2021; 26:4148. [PMID: 34299423 PMCID: PMC8306036 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26144148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2021] [Revised: 07/01/2021] [Accepted: 07/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The production of recombinant proteins is gaining increasing importance as the market requests high quality proteins for several applications. However, several process parameters affect both the growth of cells and product yields. This study uses high throughput systems and statistical methods to assess the influence of fermentation conditions in lab-scale bioreactors. Using this methodology, it was possible to find the best conditions to produce cytochrome b5 with recombinant cells of Escherichia coli. Using partial least squares, the height-to-diameter ratio of the bioreactor, aeration rate, and PID controller parameters were found to contribute significantly to the final biomass and cytochrome concentrations. Hence, we could use this information to fine-tune the process parameters, which increased cytochrome production and yield several-fold. Using aeration of 1 vvm, a bioreactor with a height-to-ratio of 2.4 and tuned PID parameters, a production of 72.72 mg/L of cytochrome b5 in the culture media, and a maximum of product to biomass yield of 24.97 mg/g could be achieved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ricardo F. S. Pereira
- Department of Bioengineering, iBB—Institute for Bioengineering and Biosciences, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Rovisco Pais, 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal;
- Associate Laboratory i4HB—Institute for Health and Bioeconomy, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Rovisco Pais, 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Carla C. C. R. de Carvalho
- Department of Bioengineering, iBB—Institute for Bioengineering and Biosciences, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Rovisco Pais, 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal;
- Associate Laboratory i4HB—Institute for Health and Bioeconomy, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Rovisco Pais, 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal
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Indra R, Pompach P, Vavrová K, Jáklová K, Heger Z, Adam V, Eckschlager T, Kopečková K, Arlt VM, Stiborová M. Cytochrome P450 and flavin-containing monooxygenase enzymes are responsible for differential oxidation of the anti-thyroid-cancer drug vandetanib by human and rat hepatic microsomal systems. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND PHARMACOLOGY 2020; 74:103310. [PMID: 31837525 DOI: 10.1016/j.etap.2019.103310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2019] [Revised: 11/24/2019] [Accepted: 12/02/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
We studied the in vitro metabolism of the anti-thyroid-cancer drug vandetanib in a rat animal model and demonstrated that N-desmethylvandetanib and vandetanib N-oxide are formed by NADPH- or NADH-mediated reactions catalyzed by rat hepatic microsomes and pure biotransformation enzymes. In addition to the structural characterization of vandetanib metabolites, individual rat enzymes [cytochrome P450 (CYP) and flavin-containing monooxygenase (FMO)] capable of oxidizing vandetanib were identified. Generation of N-desmethylvandetanib, but not that of vandetanib N-oxide, was attenuated by CYP3A and 2C inhibitors while inhibition of FMO decreased formation of vandetanib N-oxide. These results indicate that liver microsomal CYP2C/3A and FMO1 are major enzymes participating in the formation of N-desmethylvandetanib and vandetanib N-oxide, respectively. Rat recombinant CYP2C11 > >3A1 > 3A2 > 1A1 > 1A2 > 2D1 > 2D2 were effective in catalyzing the formation of N-desmethylvandetanib. Results of the present study explain differences between the CYP- and FMO-catalyzed vandetanib oxidation in rat and human liver reported previously and the enzymatic mechanisms underlying this phenomenon.
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Affiliation(s)
- Radek Indra
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Albertov, 2030, 128 40 Prague 2, Czech Republic
| | - Petr Pompach
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Albertov, 2030, 128 40 Prague 2, Czech Republic
| | - Katarína Vavrová
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Albertov, 2030, 128 40 Prague 2, Czech Republic
| | - Kateřina Jáklová
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Albertov, 2030, 128 40 Prague 2, Czech Republic
| | - Zbyněk Heger
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Mendel University in Brno, Zemedelska 1, 61300 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Vojtěch Adam
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Mendel University in Brno, Zemedelska 1, 61300 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Tomáš Eckschlager
- Department of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, 2nd Medical Faculty, Charles University and University Hospital Motol, 150 06 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Kateřina Kopečková
- Department of Oncology, 2nd Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and University Hospital Motol, 150 06 Prague 5, Czech Republic
| | - Volker Manfred Arlt
- Department of Analytical, Environmental and Forensic Sciences, MRC-PHE Centre for Environment and Health, King's College London, 150 Stamford Street, London SE1 9NH, United Kingdom
| | - Marie Stiborová
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Albertov, 2030, 128 40 Prague 2, Czech Republic.
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