CXCL14 downregulation in human keratinocytes is a potential biomarker for a novel in vitro skin sensitization test

2-Mercaptobenzothiazole-derived vulcanization accelerators in urine samples from Chinese adults

Studies have discovered wide presence of 2-mercaptobenzothiazole (2-MBT) and 2-MBT-derived vulcanization accelerators (MVAs) in household dust samples, suggesting that these chemicals may have been pervasive in the environment. However, despite the potential for human exposure, the presence of MVAs in human urine, a common matrix used for assessing exposure to environmental chemicals, has not been thoroughly investigated. The current study comprehensively analyzed 11 kinds of MVAs in urine samples from the recruited general population (n = 197) living in Taizhou city, China. Five kinds of MVAs were detectable in >50 % of human urine samples. This indicates the widespread exposure to these vulcanization accelerators among the general population. The predominant target analytes in human urine were 2-MBT and 2,2'-dithiobisbenzothiazole (MBTS), with the mean urinary concentrations of 2.7 ng/mL (range Collapse

Key Words

• 2-MBT
• Human exposuren
• MBTS
• Urinary concentration
• Vulcanization accelerators

Collapse

MESH Headings

• Humans
• Benzothiazoles/urine
• China
• Adult
• Male
• Female
• Middle Aged
• Environmental Exposure/analysis
• Environmental Monitoring
• Environmental Pollutants/urine
• East Asian People

Collapse

Grants Collapse

Affiliation(s)

Xiaoyu Wu Taizhou Central Hospital (Taizhou University Hospital), School of Medicine, Taizhou University, Taizhou, Zhejiang 318000, PR China
Yingying Zhu School of Life Sciences, Taizhou University, Taizhou, Zhejiang 318000, PR China
Ruyue Guo Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology for Industrial Pollution Control of Zhejiang Province, College of Environment, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310032, PR China
Juxiu Huang Taizhou Central Hospital (Taizhou University Hospital), School of Medicine, Taizhou University, Taizhou, Zhejiang 318000, PR China
Hangbiao Jin Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology for Industrial Pollution Control of Zhejiang Province, College of Environment, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310032, PR China
Lisha Zhou Taizhou Central Hospital (Taizhou University Hospital), School of Medicine, Taizhou University, Taizhou, Zhejiang 318000, PR China.

Collapse

Volatile Organic Compounds (VOCs) Removal from Indoor Air by Heterostructures/Composites/Doped Photocatalysts: A Mini-Review

The impact of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) on indoor air quality and, furthermore, on human health is still a subject of research investigations considering the large increase in forms of cancer and related diseases. VOCs can be 10 times higher in indoor air concentrations then that of the outdoors, as a consequence of emissions from electronics, building materials and consumer goods. Direct transformation of VOCs in mineralization products seems to be an alternative to reduce indoor air contaminants. The advantage of photocatalysis implementation in indoor air treatment is given by the absence of additional chemicals (such as H2O2) and waste. The present mini-review presents a comparative study on VOCs photocatalytic removal considering the photocatalyst composition, morphology and specific surface. The sheet-like morphology seems to provide a higher number of active sites which may contribute to oxidative reactions. The insertion of materials able to increase light absorbance or to mediate the charge carrier's transport will have a beneficial impact on the overall photocatalytic efficiency. Additionally, surface chemistry must be considered when developing photocatalysts for certain gas pollutants in order to favor molecule absorbance in the interfacial region. An energy consumption perspective is given based on the light intensity and irradiation period.

Two coupled mutations abolished the binding of CEBPB to the promoter of CXCL14 that displayed an antiviral effect on PRRSV by activating IFN signaling

Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome (PRRS) is the most economically important infectious disease of pigs worldwide. Our previous study revealed that Tongcheng (TC) pigs display higher resistance to PRRS than Largewhite (LW) pigs, but the genetic mechanism remains unknown. Here, we first confirmed that CXCL14 was downregulated in lungs and porcine alveolar macrophages (PAMs) responding to PRRS virus (PRRSV) infection, but the decline in LW pigs was more obvious than that in TC pigs. Then, we found that the overexpression of CXCL14 activated type-I interferon (IFN-I) signaling by upregulating interferon beta (IFNB), which plays a major role in the antiviral effect. To further decipher the mechanism underlying its differential expression, we characterized the core promoter of CXCL14 as being located from -145 to 276 bp of the transcription start site (TSS) and identified two main haplotypes that displayed significant differential transcriptional activities. We further identified two coupled point mutations that altered the binding status of CEBPB and were responsible for the differential expression in TC and LW pigs. The regulatory effect of CEBPB on CXCL14 was further confirmed by RNA interference (RNAi) and chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP), providing crucial clues for deciphering the mechanism of CXCL14 downregulation in unusual conditions. The present study revealed the potential antiviral effect of CXCL14, occurring via activation of interferon signaling, and suggested that CXCL14 contributes to the PRRS resistance of TC pigs.