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Alhajamee M, Khalaj-Kondori M, Babaei E, Mahdavi M. A biochemical assessment of apoptosis-inducing impact of Salinomycin in combination with ciprofloxacin on human leukemia KG1-a stem-like cells in the presence and absence of insulin. Mol Biol Rep 2024; 51:807. [PMID: 39002036 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-024-09768-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2024] [Accepted: 07/01/2024] [Indexed: 07/15/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Acute Myeloid Leukemia (AML) is a fast-developing invading cancer that impacts the blood and bone marrow, marked by the rapid proliferation of abnormal white blood cells. Chemotherapeutic agents, a primary treatment for AML, encounter clinical limitations such as poor solubility and low bioavailability. Previous studies have highlighted antibiotics as effective in inducing cancer cell death and potentially preventing metastasis. Besides, insulin is known to activate the PI3K/Akt pathway, often disrupted in cancers, leading to enhanced cell survival and resistance to apoptosis. In light of the above-mentioned points, we examined the anti-cancer impact of antibiotics Ciprofloxacin (CP) and Salinomycin (SAL) and their combination on KG1-a cells in the presence and absence of insulin. METHODS This was accomplished by exposing KG1-a cells to different doses of CP and SAL alone, in combination, and with or without insulin for 24-72 h. Cell viability was evaluated using the MTT assay. Besides, apoptotic effects were examined using Hoechst staining and Annexin-V/PI flow cytometry. The expression levels of Bax, p53, BIRC5, Akt, PTEN, and FOXO1 were analyzed through Real-Time PCR. RESULTS CP and SAL demonstrated cytotoxic and notable pro-apoptotic impact on KG1-a cells by upregulating Bax and p53 and downregulating BIRC5, leading to G0/G1 cell cycle arrest and prevention of the PI3K-Akt signaling pathway. Our findings demonstrated that combination of CP and SAL promote apoptosis in the KG1-a cell line by down-regulating BIRC5 and Akt, as well as up-regulating Bax, p53, PTEN, and FOXO1. Additionally, the findings strongly indicated that insulin effectively mitigates apoptosis by enhancing Akt expression and reducing FOXO1 and PTEN gene expression in the cells treated with CP and SAL. CONCLUSION Our findings showed that the combined treatment of CP and SAL exhibit a strong anti-cancer effect on leukemia KG1-a cells. Moreover, it was discovered that the PI3K-Akt signaling can be a promising target in leukemia treatment particularly in hyperinsulinemia condition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maitham Alhajamee
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran
| | | | - Esmaeil Babaei
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Majid Mahdavi
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran.
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran.
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Pashapour N, Dehghan-Nayeri MJ, Babaei E, Khalaj-Kondori M, Mahdavi M. The Assessment of Cytotoxicity, Apoptosis Inducing Activity and Molecular Docking of a new Ciprofloxacin Derivative in Human Leukemic Cells. J Fluoresc 2024; 34:1379-1389. [PMID: 37535231 DOI: 10.1007/s10895-023-03350-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2023] [Accepted: 07/18/2023] [Indexed: 08/04/2023]
Abstract
The fluoroquinolone class of antibiotics includes derivatives of the drug ciprofloxacin. These substances have recently been advocated for the treatment of cancer. In the current study, we examined the cytotoxicity and apoptosis-inducing potential of a novel synthetic ciprofloxacin derivative in the human myeloid leukemia KG1-a cell line. With an IC50 of 25µM, this ciprofloxacin derivative, 7-(4-(2-(benzhydryloxy)-2-oxoethyl) piperazin-1-yl)-1-cyclopropyl-6-fluoro-4-oxo-1,4 dihydroquinoline-3- carboxylic acid (4-BHPCP), was an active drug. Through Hoechst 33,258 staining and Annexin V/PI double staining experiments, the apoptotic activity of the 4-BHPCP was assessed morphologically. Real-time quantitative PCR was used to assess changes in the expression level of certain apoptosis-related genes, including Bcl-2, Bax, and Survivin (qRT PCR). The results of the qRT PCR analysis demonstrated that 4-BHPCP promotes apoptosis in the KG1-a cell line by down-regulating Survivin and Bcl2, up-regulating Bax, and increasing the Bax/Bcl2 transcripts in a time-dependent manner. These results imply that this novel chemical may be a promising therapy option for acute myeloid leukemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neda Pashapour
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran
| | | | - Esmaeil Babaei
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran
| | | | - Majid Mahdavi
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran.
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Rostampour S, Eslami F, Babaei E, Mostafavi H, Mahdavi M. An Active Compound from the Pyrazine Family Induces Apoptosis by Targeting the Bax/Bcl2 and Survivin Expression in Chronic Myeloid Leukemia K562 Cells. Anticancer Agents Med Chem 2024; 24:203-212. [PMID: 38038011 DOI: 10.2174/0118715206272359231121105713] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2023] [Revised: 10/03/2023] [Accepted: 10/19/2023] [Indexed: 12/02/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND It has been established that pyrazine derivatives, which have widespread bioactivities, can effectively treat cancer. OBJECTIVES In this study, we investigated the effects of 2-methoxy-5-(oxiran-2-ylmethyl) phenyl pyrazine-2- carboxylate (2-mOPP), a new pyrazine derivative, on proliferation, viability, and apoptosis induction in human leukemia K562 cells. METHODS For this purpose, the K562 cells were treated with various concentrations (20-120 μM) of the 2-mOPP for 24-72 hours. Cell viability was determined by MTT growth inhibition assay. Apoptotic activity of 2-mOPP was investigated morphologically by Hoechst staining, cell surface expression assay of phosphatidylserine by Annexin-V/PI technique, as well as DNA fragmentation assay. The effect of 2-mOPP on the K562 cell cycle was studied by flow cytometry. To determine the impact of 2-mOPP on the expression of intrinsic apoptosis-related genes, Bcl2 (anti-apoptotic), Bax (pro-apoptotic), and Survivin genes expression levels were evaluated before and after treatment with 2-mOPP through Real-Time PCR analysis. RESULTS The results revealed that 2-mOPP inhibited viability with IC50 of 25μM in 72 h. Morphological changes assessment by fluorescence microscopy, Annexin V/PI double staining by flow cytometry, and DNA ladders formation upon cell treatment with the 2-mOPP showed that this compound induces apoptosis at IC50 value. Cell cycle arrest was observed in the G0/G1 phase, and the sub-G1 cell population (the sign of apoptosis) increased in a time-dependent manner. Low expression levels of Bcl2 and Survivin in K562 cells were observed 24-72 h after treatment. Along with the down-regulation of Survivin and Bcl2, the expression of Bax was increased after treatment with 2-mOPP. CONCLUSION These findings demonstrate that the new pyrazine derivative plays a crucial role in blocking the proliferation of the leukemic cells by inducing cell cycle arrest and apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saeedeh Rostampour
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Natural Science, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Farhad Eslami
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Natural Science, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Esmaeil Babaei
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Natural Science, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Hossein Mostafavi
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Majid Mahdavi
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Natural Science, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
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Novinbahador T, Araj-Khodaei M, Mahdavi M. Evidence for Hesperidin as an Effective Factor in Initiating the Intrinsic Pathway of Apoptosis in KG1a Leukemia Cells. Int J Toxicol 2023; 42:165-171. [PMID: 36534417 DOI: 10.1177/10915818221146468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is the most common subtype of leukemia, accounting for 62% of all leukemia fatalities. As a polyphenol glycoside, hesperidin triggers the apoptotic pathway, which might positively affect combating cancer cells. In this study, we investigated the pro-apoptotic effects of hesperidin in KG1a cells. The MTT assay was used to determine the IC50 of hesperidin in KG1a cell lines. For the apoptotic cell morphology study, we used Hoechst 33 258 staining. Activation of the caspase-3 enzyme was evaluated by the caspase-3 assay and spectrophotometry. Cell cycle distribution was analyzed by propidium iodide staining and flow cytometry. Moreover, p21, survivin, Bax, and Bcl2 gene expression was investigated by real-time PCR. Hesperidin decreased the viability of KG1a leukemic cell4s, but not that of HFF2, a non-cancer cell line. Apoptotic cell morphological alterations and increase in caspase-3 activity were observed after hesperidin treatment. Our results revealed that the expression of anti-apoptotic genes survivin and Bcl2 significantly decreased with hesperidin treatment, and pro-apoptotic gene Bax and cell cycle regulator p21 increased compared to the control group. These findings revealed that hesperidin may be an effective factor in initiating the intrinsic pathway of apoptosis and may be good candidate for the treatment of AML.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tannaz Novinbahador
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, 56947University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Mostafa Araj-Khodaei
- Department of Persian Medicine, Faculty of Traditional Medicine, 48432Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Majid Mahdavi
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, 56947University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran.,Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
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Szostek T, Szulczyk D, Szymańska-Majchrzak J, Koliński M, Kmiecik S, Otto-Ślusarczyk D, Zawodnik A, Rajkowska E, Chaniewicz K, Struga M, Roszkowski P. Design and Synthesis of Menthol and Thymol Derived Ciprofloxacin: Influence of Structural Modifications on the Antibacterial Activity and Anticancer Properties. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23126600. [PMID: 35743043 PMCID: PMC9224473 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23126600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2022] [Revised: 06/09/2022] [Accepted: 06/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Sixteen new Ciprofloxacin derivatives were designed and successfully synthesized. In an in silico experiment, lipophilicity was established for obtained compounds. All compounds were screened for antimicrobial activity using standard and clinical strains. As for Gram-positive hospital microorganisms, all tested derivatives were active. Measured MICs were in the range 1–16 µg/mL, confirming high antimicrobial potency. Derivative 12 demonstrated activity against all standard Gram-positive Staphylococci, within the range of 0.8–1.6 µg/mL and was confirmed as the leading structure with MICs 1 µg/mL for S. pasteuri KR 4358 and S. aureus T 5591 (clinical strains). All compounds were screened for their in vitro cytotoxic properties via the MTT method. Three of the examined compounds (3, 11 and 16) showed good activity against cancer cells, and in parallel were found not to be cytotoxic toward normal cells. Doxorubicin SI ranged 0.14–1.11 while the mentioned three ranged 1.9–3.4. Selected Ciprofloxacin derivatives were docked into the crystal structure of topoisomerase II (DNA gyrase) in complex with DNA (PDB ID: 5BTC). In summary, leading structures were established (3, 11, 12 and 16). We have observed poor results in preformed studies for disubstituted derivatives, suggesting that 3-oxo-4-carboxylic acid core is the active DNA-gyrase binding site, and when structural changes were made in this fragment, there was an observed decrease in antibacterial potency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomasz Szostek
- Biochemical Research Scientific Association, Chair and Department of Biochemistry, Medical University of Warsaw, 02-097 Warsaw, Poland;
| | - Daniel Szulczyk
- Chair and Department of Biochemistry, Medical University of Warsaw, 02-097 Warsaw, Poland; (J.S.-M.); (D.O.-Ś.); (M.S.)
- Correspondence: (D.S.); (P.R.)
| | - Jolanta Szymańska-Majchrzak
- Chair and Department of Biochemistry, Medical University of Warsaw, 02-097 Warsaw, Poland; (J.S.-M.); (D.O.-Ś.); (M.S.)
| | - Michał Koliński
- Bioinformatics Laboratory, Mossakowski Medical Research Institute, Polish Academy of Sciences, 5 Pawinskiego St., 02-106 Warsaw, Poland;
| | - Sebastian Kmiecik
- Biological and Chemical Research Centre, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Warsaw, 02-089 Warsaw, Poland;
| | - Dagmara Otto-Ślusarczyk
- Chair and Department of Biochemistry, Medical University of Warsaw, 02-097 Warsaw, Poland; (J.S.-M.); (D.O.-Ś.); (M.S.)
| | - Aleksandra Zawodnik
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology, Medical University of Warsaw, 02-091 Warsaw, Poland;
| | - Eliza Rajkowska
- Faculty of Chemistry, University of Warsaw, Pasteura 1, 02-093 Warsaw, Poland; (E.R.); (K.C.)
| | - Kinga Chaniewicz
- Faculty of Chemistry, University of Warsaw, Pasteura 1, 02-093 Warsaw, Poland; (E.R.); (K.C.)
| | - Marta Struga
- Chair and Department of Biochemistry, Medical University of Warsaw, 02-097 Warsaw, Poland; (J.S.-M.); (D.O.-Ś.); (M.S.)
| | - Piotr Roszkowski
- Faculty of Chemistry, University of Warsaw, Pasteura 1, 02-093 Warsaw, Poland; (E.R.); (K.C.)
- Correspondence: (D.S.); (P.R.)
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Dong W, Wang F, Liu Q, Wang T, Yang Y, Guo P, Li X, Wei B. Downregulation of miRNA-14669 Reverses Vincristine Resistance in Colorectal Cancer Cells through PI3K/AKT Signaling Pathway. Recent Pat Anticancer Drug Discov 2021; 17:178-186. [PMID: 34365931 DOI: 10.2174/1574892816666210806154225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2021] [Revised: 04/29/2021] [Accepted: 04/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Vincristine (VCR) is a chemotherapeutic drug commonly used in the treatment of Colorectal Cancer (CRC). However, VCR drug resistance may result in reduced efficacy and even failure of chemotherapy in CRC treatment. MiRNA has been demonstrated to be associated with the sensitivity of tumor cells to chemotherapy. OBJECTIVE This study aimed to identify a novel miRNA-14669 that can reverse vincristine resistance and sensitize drug-resistant colorectal cancer cells. METHODS High-throughput sequencing was performed to screen miRNAs that are associated with VCR drug resistance, and qRT-PCR was used for further validation. The miRNA mimic and inhibitor were designed and transfected into HCT-8,HCT-116 and HCT-8/VCR cells. Wound healing test examined the effect of the miRNA on the migration of colorectal cancer cells. Flow cytometry was used to evaluate cell apoptosis of HCT-8 cells. Survivin, Bcl-2, GST3, MDR1 and MRP1 expressions were detected by Western blot. RESULTS The expression of miRNA-14669 in HCT-8/VCR cells was 1.925 times higher than that of the HCT-8 cells. After transfecting with mimic miRNA, HCT-8 and HCT-116 cells showed an increased survival rate. The survival rate of HCT-8/VCR cells decreased by transfection of inhibitor. The inhibitor also sensitized HCT-8 and HCT-116 cells to VCR or 5-Fluorouracil (5-FU). The migratory ability of HCT-8 and HCT-116 cells increased by miRNA mimic while reduced by miRNA inhibitor. Overexpression of miRNA-14669 reduced apoptosis, while downregulation of miRNA-14669 increased cell apoptosis in HCT-8 cells. The mechanism of the miRNA involved in drug resistance may be attributed to apoptosis of tumor cells, detoxification of GST3 and drug efflux induced by MDR1 and MRP1. PI3K / AKT is the signaling pathway related to drug resistance. CONCLUSION We identified a novel miRNA-14669 that may be associated with the chemotherapeutic resistance in CRC cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weihua Dong
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Basic Medical School, Xinxiang Medical University, Jinsui Road, Henan. China
| | - Fang Wang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Basic Medical School, Xinxiang Medical University, Jinsui Road, Henan. China
| | - Qingyu Liu
- Basic Medical School, Xinxiang Medical University, Jinsui Road, Henan. China
| | - Tianyun Wang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Basic Medical School, Xinxiang Medical University, Jinsui Road, Henan. China
| | - Yun Yang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Basic Medical School, Xinxiang Medical University, Jinsui Road, Henan. China
| | - Peixia Guo
- Basic Medical School, Xinxiang Medical University, Jinsui Road, Henan. China
| | - Xiang Li
- Basic Medical School, Xinxiang Medical University, Jinsui Road, Henan. China
| | - Bingdi Wei
- Basic Medical School, Xinxiang Medical University, Jinsui Road, Henan. China
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Shen J, Wang R, Chen Y, Fang Z, Tang J, Yao J, Ling Y, Zhang L, Zhang X. An Immune-Related Signature Predicted Survival in Patients With Kidney Papillary Cell Carcinoma. Front Oncol 2021; 11:670047. [PMID: 34164341 PMCID: PMC8215362 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.670047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2021] [Accepted: 04/08/2021] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Immune-related genes are important factors in tumor progression. The main aim of this study was to identify the immune-related genes in kidney papillary cell carcinoma (pRCC) patients. We downloaded RNAseq data and clinical information of pRCC patients from the TCGA database and retrieved the immune-related genes list from Immport. From the data, we mined out 2,468 differential expression genes (DEGs) and 183 immune-related DEGs. Four hub DEGs (NTS, BIRC5, ELN, and CHGA) were identified after conducting Cox analysis and LASSO analysis. Moreover, the prognostic value of the signature based on four hub DEGs was verified using Kaplan–Meier analysis (P = 0.0041 in the training set and p = 0.021 in the test set) and ROC analysis (AUC: 0.957 in 1 year, 0.965 in 2 years, and 0.901 in 3 years in the training set, and 0.963 in 1 year, 0.898 in 2 years, and 0.742 in 3 years in the test set). Furthermore, we found that the high-risk score group had a higher percentage of B cells in the immune component, a higher expression of immune-related genes (CTLA4, LAG3, PDCD1LG2, and TIGIT), and a better immunotherapy response.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Yu Chen
- The First Hospital of Huzhou, Huzhou, China
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Xu Zhang
- Zhejiang University of Science and Technology, Hangzhou, China
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Xue XJ, Li FR, Yu J. Mitochondrial pathway of the lysine demethylase 5C inhibitor CPI-455 in the Eca-109 esophageal squamous cell carcinoma cell line. World J Gastroenterol 2021; 27:1805-1815. [PMID: 33967558 PMCID: PMC8072195 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v27.i16.1805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2021] [Revised: 02/14/2021] [Accepted: 03/25/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Esophageal cancer is a malignant tumor of the digestive tract that is difficult to diagnose early. CPI-455 has been reported to inhibit various cancers, but its role in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) is unknown.
AIM To investigate the effects and mechanism of the lysine demethylase 5C inhibitor, CPI-455, on ESCC cells.
METHODS A methyl tetrazolium assay was used to detect the inhibitory effect of CPI-455 on the proliferation of Eca-109 cells. Apoptosis, reactive oxygen species (ROS), and mitochondrial membrane potential were assessed by flow cytometry. Laser confocal scanning and transmission electron microscopy were used to observe changes in Eca-109 cell morphology. The protein expression of P53, Bax, lysine-specific demethylase 5C (KDM5C), cleaved Caspase-9, and cleaved Caspase-3 were assayed by western blotting.
RESULTS Compared with the control group, CPI-455 significantly inhibited Eca-109 cell proliferation. Gemcitabine inhibited Eca-109 cell proliferation in a concentration- and time-dependent manner. CPI-455 caused extensive alteration of the mitochondria, which appeared to have become atrophied. The cell membrane was weakly stained and the cytoplasmic structures were indistinct and disorganized, with serious cavitation when viewed by transmission electron microscopy. The flow cytometry and western blot results showed that, compared with the control group, the mitochondrial membrane potential was decreased and depolarized in Eca-109 cells treated with CPI-455. CPI-455 significantly upregulated the ROS content, P53, Bax, Caspase-9, and Caspase-3 protein expression in Eca-109 cells, whereas KDM5C expression was downregulated.
CONCLUSION CPI-455 inhibited Eca-109 cell proliferation via mitochondrial apoptosis by regulating the expression of related genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Jie Xue
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Huangshi Central Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Hubei Polytechnic University, Edong Healthcare Group, Huangshi 435000, Hubei Province, China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Kidney Disease Pathogenesis and Intervention, Huangshi 435000, Hubei Province, China
- Medical College, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430081, Hubei Province, China
| | - Fei-Rong Li
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Huangshi Central Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Hubei Polytechnic University, Edong Healthcare Group, Huangshi 435000, Hubei Province, China
| | - Jing Yu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Hubei Cancer Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430079, Hubei Province, China
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