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Berger J, Staretz ME, Wood M, Brettell TA. Ultraviolet absorption properties of synthetic cathinones. Forensic Chem 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.forc.2020.100286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Xu B, Ye Y, Liao L. Rapid and simple analysis of amphetamine-type illegal drugs using excitation-emission matrix fluorescence coupled with parallel factor analysis. Forensic Sci Res 2017; 4:179-187. [PMID: 31304446 PMCID: PMC6610521 DOI: 10.1080/20961790.2017.1349600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2017] [Accepted: 06/28/2017] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Nowadays, the abuse of illegal drugs has been an increasingly grim problem in the world. Excitation–emission matrix fluorescence combined with parallel factor analysis was used to make a quantitative analysis of the simulated amphetamine-type illegal drugs. Satisfactory results were achieved for simultaneous determination of methamphetamine (MAM) and 3, 4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA) in the presence of adulterants. The average recoveries were (99.8 ± 0.6)% and (101.6 ± 5.7)% for MAM and MDMA, respectively. Figures of merit including root-mean-square error of calibration and prediction, sensitivity and selectivity were investigated to evaluate the performance of the proposed method. The limits of detection were 0.054 and 0.002 1 μg/mL for MAM and MDMA, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Buyi Xu
- Sichuan Provincial Department of Public Security, Chengdu, China.,Department of Forensic Toxicological Analysis, West China School of Preclinical and Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yi Ye
- Department of Forensic Toxicological Analysis, West China School of Preclinical and Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Linchuan Liao
- Department of Forensic Toxicological Analysis, West China School of Preclinical and Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
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Waddell S, Fernandez C, Inverarity C, Prabhu R. Extending the capability of forensic electrochemistry to the novel psychoactive substance benzylpiperazine. SENSING AND BIO-SENSING RESEARCH 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.sbsr.2016.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022] Open
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Brandt SD, Kavanagh PV, Dowling G, Talbot B, Westphal F, Meyer MR, Maurer HH, Halberstadt AL. Analytical characterization of N,N-diallyltryptamine (DALT) and 16 ring-substituted derivatives. Drug Test Anal 2016; 9:115-126. [PMID: 27100373 DOI: 10.1002/dta.1974] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2016] [Revised: 03/01/2016] [Accepted: 03/02/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Many N,N-dialkylated tryptamines show psychoactive properties in humans and the number of derivatives involved in multidisciplinary areas of research has grown over the last few decades. Whereas some derivatives form the basis of a range of medicinal products, others are predominantly encountered as recreational drugs, and in some cases, the areas of therapeutic and recreational use can overlap. In recent years, 5-methoxy-N,N-diallyltryptamine (5-MeO-DALT) has appeared as a new psychoactive substance (NPS) and 'research chemical' whereas 4-acetoxy-DALT and the ring-unsubstituted DALT have only been detected very recently. Strategies pursued in the authors' laboratories included the preparation and biological evaluation of previously unreported N,N-diallyltryptamines (DALTs). This report describes the analytical characterization of 17 DALTs. Fifteen DALTs were prepared by a microwave-accelerated Speeter and Anthony procedure following established procedures developed previously in the authors' laboratories. In addition to DALT, the substances included in this study were 2-phenyl-, 4-acetoxy-, 4-hydroxy-, 4,5-ethylenedioxy-, 5-methyl-, 5-methoxy-, 5-methoxy-2-methyl-, 5-ethoxy-, 5-fluoro-, 5-fluoro-2-methyl-, 5-chloro-, 5-bromo-, 5,6-methylenedioxy-, 6-fluoro-, 7-methyl, and 7-ethyl-DALT, respectively. The DALTs were characterized by nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (NMR), gas chromatography (GC) quadrupole and ion trap (EI/CI) mass spectrometry (MS), low and high mass accuracy MS/MS, photodiode array detection, and GC solid-state infrared analysis, respectively. A comprehensive collection of spectral data was obtained that are provided to research communities who face the challenge of encountering newly emerging substances where analytical data are not available. These data are also relevant to researchers who might wish to explore the clinical and non-clinical uses of these substances. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simon D Brandt
- School of Pharmacy and Biomolecular Sciences, Liverpool John Moores University, Byrom Street, Liverpool, L3 3AF, UK.,The Alexander Shulgin Research Institute, 1483 Shulgin Road, Lafayette, CA, 94549, USA
| | - Pierce V Kavanagh
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, School of Medicine, Trinity Centre for Health Sciences, St James's Hospital, Dublin 8, Ireland
| | - Geraldine Dowling
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, School of Medicine, Trinity Centre for Health Sciences, St James's Hospital, Dublin 8, Ireland
| | - Brian Talbot
- School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - Folker Westphal
- State Bureau of Criminal Investigation Schleswig-Holstein, Section Narcotics/Toxicology, D-24116, Kiel, Germany
| | - Markus R Meyer
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacoepidemiology, Heidelberg University Hospital, D-69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Hans H Maurer
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Toxicology, Institute of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, Saarland University, D-66421, Homburg (Saar), Germany
| | - Adam L Halberstadt
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093-0804, USA
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Smith JP, Sutcliffe OB, Banks CE. An overview of recent developments in the analytical detection of new psychoactive substances (NPSs). Analyst 2016; 140:4932-48. [PMID: 26031385 DOI: 10.1039/c5an00797f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
New psychoactive substances (NPSs), sometimes referred to as "legal highs" in more colloquial environments/the media, are a class of compounds that have been recently made available for abuse (not necessarily recently discovered) which provide similar effects to the traditional well studied illegal drugs but are not always controlled under existing local, regional or international drug legislation. Following an unprecedented increase in the number of NPSs in the last 5 years (with 101 substances discovered for the first time in 2014 alone) its, occasionally fatal, consequences have been extensively reported in the media. Such NPSs are typically marketed as 'not for human consumption' and are instead labelled and sold as plant food, bath salts as well as a whole host of other equally nondescript aliases in order to bypass legislative controls. NPSs are a new multi-disciplinary research field with the main emphasis in terms of forensic identification due to their adverse health effects, which can range from minimal to life threatening and even fatalities. In this mini-review we overview this recent emerging research area of NPSs and the analytical approaches reported to provide detection strategies as well as detailing recent reports towards providing point-of-care/in-the-field NPS ("legal high") sensors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jamie P Smith
- Faculty of Science and Engineering, School of Science and the Environment, Division of Chemistry and Environmental Science, Manchester Metropolitan University, Chester Street, Manchester M1 5GD, UK.
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Cozzi NV, Daley PF. Receptor binding profiles and quantitative structure-affinity relationships of some 5-substituted-N,N-diallyltryptamines. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2015; 26:959-964. [PMID: 26739781 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2015.12.053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2015] [Revised: 12/14/2015] [Accepted: 12/16/2015] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
N,N-Diallyltryptamine (DALT) and 5-methoxy-N,N-diallyltryptamine (5-MeO-DALT) are two tryptamines synthesized and tested by Alexander Shulgin. In self-experiments, 5-MeO-DALT was reported to be psychoactive in the 12-20mg range, while the unsubstituted compound DALT had few discernible effects in the 42-80 mg range. Recently, 5-MeO-DALT has been used in nonmedical settings for its psychoactive effects, but these effects have been poorly characterized and little is known of its pharmacological properties. We extended the work of Shulgin by synthesizing additional 5-substituted-DALTs. We then compared them to DALT and 5-MeO-DALT for their binding affinities at 45 cloned receptors and transporter proteins. Based on in vitro binding affinity, we identified 27 potential receptor targets for the 5-substituted-DALT compounds. Five of the DALT compounds had affinity in the 10-80 nM range for serotonin 5-HT1A and 5-HT2B receptors, while the affinity of DALT itself at 5-HT1A receptors was slightly lower at 100 nM. Among the 5-HT2 subtypes, the weakest affinity was at 5-HT2A receptors, spanning 250-730 nM. Five of the DALT compounds had affinity in the 50-400 nM range for serotonin 5-HT1D, 5-HT6, and 5-HT7 receptors; again, it was the unsubstituted DALT that had the weakest affinity at all three subtypes. The test drugs had even weaker affinity for 5-HT1B, 5-HT1E, and 5-HT5A subtypes and little or no affinity for the 5-HT3 subtype. These compounds also had generally nanomolar affinities for adrenergic α2A, α2B, and α2C receptors, sigma receptors σ1 and σ2, histamine H1 receptors, and norepinephrine and serotonin uptake transporters. They also bound to other targets in the nanomolar-to-low micromolar range. Based on these binding results, it is likely that multiple serotonin receptors, as well as several nonserotonergic sites are important for the psychoactive effects of DALT drugs. To learn whether any quantitative structure-affinity relationships existed, we evaluated correlations among physicochemical properties of the congeneric 5-substituted-DALT compounds. The descriptors included electronic (σp), hydrophobic (π), and steric (CMR) parameters. The binding affinity at 5-HT1A, 5-HT1D, 5-HT7, and κ opioid receptors was positively correlated with the steric volume parameter CMR. At α2A, α2B, and α2C receptors, and at the histamine H1 receptor, binding affinity was correlated with the Hammett substituent parameter σp; higher affinity was associated with larger σp values. At the σ2 receptor, higher affinity was correlated with increasing π. These correlations should aid in the development of more potent and selective drugs within this family of compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas V Cozzi
- The Alexander Shulgin Research Institute, 1483 Shulgin Road, Lafayette, CA 94549, United States; Neuropharmacology Laboratory, 2695 Medical Sciences Center, Department of Cell and Regenerative Biology, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, 1300 University Avenue, Madison, WI 53706, United States
| | - Paul F Daley
- The Alexander Shulgin Research Institute, 1483 Shulgin Road, Lafayette, CA 94549, United States
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Detection and quantification of 56 new psychoactive substances in whole blood and urine by LC–MS/MS. Bioanalysis 2015; 7:1119-36. [DOI: 10.4155/bio.15.48] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: New psychoactive substances (NPS) have become increasingly prevalent and are sold in internet shops as ‘bath salts’ or ‘research chemicals’ and comprehensive bioanalytical methods are needed for their detection. Methodology: We developed and validated a method using LC and MS/MS to quantify 56 NPS in blood and urine, including amphetamine derivatives, 2C compounds, aminoindanes, cathinones, piperazines, tryptamines, dissociatives and others. Instrumentation included a Synergi Polar-RP column (Phenomenex) and a 3200 QTrap mass spectrometer (AB Sciex). Run time was 20 min. Conclusion: A novel method is presented for the unambiguous identification and quantification of 56 NPS in blood and urine samples in clinical and forensic cases, e.g., intoxications or driving under the influence of drugs.
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Boumrah Y, Rosset M, Lecompte Y, Bouanani S, Khimeche K, Dahmani A. Development of a targeted GC/MS screening method and validation of an HPLC/DAD quantification method for piperazines–amphetamines mixtures in seized material. EGYPTIAN JOURNAL OF FORENSIC SCIENCES 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejfs.2014.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
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9
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Li L, Lurie IS. Screening of seized emerging drugs by ultra-high performance liquid chromatography with photodiode array ultraviolet and mass spectrometric detection. Forensic Sci Int 2014; 237:100-11. [DOI: 10.1016/j.forsciint.2014.01.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2013] [Revised: 01/20/2014] [Accepted: 01/26/2014] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Cathinones derivatives-related deaths as exemplified by two fatal cases involving methcathinone with 4-methylmethcathinone and 4-methylethcathinone. Drug Test Anal 2014; 6:770-7. [DOI: 10.1002/dta.1615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2013] [Revised: 11/26/2013] [Accepted: 12/28/2013] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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Benzer TI, Nejad SH, Flood JG. Case records of the Massachusetts General Hospital. Case 40-2013. A 36-year-old man with agitation and paranoia. N Engl J Med 2013; 369:2536-45. [PMID: 24369079 DOI: 10.1056/nejmcpc1304051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Waite RJ, Barbante GJ, Barnett NW, Zammit EM, Francis PS. Chemiluminescence detection of piperazine designer drugs and related compounds using tris(2,2′-bipyridine)ruthenium(III). Talanta 2013; 116:1067-72. [DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2013.08.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2013] [Revised: 08/16/2013] [Accepted: 08/19/2013] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Karimi H, Noorizadeh H, Farmany A. A QSRR Modeling of Hazardous Psychoactive Designer Drugs Using GA-PlS and L-M ANN. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012. [DOI: 10.5402/2012/838432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
The hazardous psychoactive designer drugs are compounds in which part of the molecular structure of a stimulant or narcotic has been modified. A quantitative structure-retention relationship (QSRR) study based on a Levenberg-Marquardt artificial neural network (L-M ANN) was carried out for the prediction of the capacity factor (k′) of hazardous psychoactive designer drugs that contain Tryptamine, Phenylethylamine and Piperazine. The genetic algorithm-partial least squares (GA-PLS) method was used as a variable selection tool. A PLS method was used to select the best descriptors and the selected descriptors were used as input neurons in neural network model. For choosing the best predictive model from among comparable models, square correlation coefficient (R2) for the whole set is suggested to be a good criterion. Finally, to improve the results, structure-retention relationships were followed by nonlinear approach using artificial neural networks and consequently better results were obtained. Also this demonstrates the advantages of L-M ANN. This is the first research on the QSRR of the designer drugs using the GA-PLS and L-M ANN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hamzeh Karimi
- Faculty of Sciences, Islamic Azad University, South Tehran Branch, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hadi Noorizadeh
- Faculty of Science, Islamic Azad University, Ilam Branch, Ilam, Iran
| | - Abbas Farmany
- Faculty of Science, Islamic Azad University, Ilam Branch, Ilam, Iran
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"Legal highs"--toxicity in the clinical and medico-legal aspect as exemplified by suicide with bk-MBDB administration. Forensic Sci Int 2012; 222:e1-6. [PMID: 22648055 DOI: 10.1016/j.forsciint.2012.04.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2011] [Revised: 04/24/2012] [Accepted: 04/30/2012] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
The easily available "legal highs", which are products containing psychoactive substances, such as cathinones, piperazines and synthetic cannabinoids, are abused by adolescents in Poland and in the world as alternatives to classic drugs, such as amphetamines or marijuana. The majority of these potentially dangerous substances are still legal and they are associated with a risk of severe poisoning or even death, and provide new challenges in clinical and forensic toxicological practice. Investigations in the field of "designer drugs" may be well illustrated by the case of a suicide of a 21-year old male who ingested a specified dose of a preparation called "Amphi-bi-a" that contains bk-MBDB, chemically 2-methylamino-1-(3,4-methylenedioxyphenyl) butan-1-one, which belongs to the cathinone group, as a synthetic euphoric empathogen and psychoactive stimulant that is chemically similar to MDMA. It is one of more common components of "legal highs" examined in Poland and other countries. The documentation of the case includes a clinical assessment of the patient's health status performed during his almost 4-h hospitalization before death, autopsy and histological examinations supported by toxicological findings revealing bk-MBDB at extremely high concentrations (at 20 mg/l in the blood and 33 mg/kg in the liver); hence, this body of evidence contributes to knowledge in the field of "designer drugs". Inventions of designers of new psychoactive xenobiotics, which are much in demand, especially in view of the dynamic Internet marketing, which drums up narcobusiness, must be balanced by a national strategy developed by medical, legal and educational circles in the modern civilized world in order to prevent the spreading of the phenomenon.
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Arbo MD, Bastos ML, Carmo HF. Piperazine compounds as drugs of abuse. Drug Alcohol Depend 2012; 122:174-85. [PMID: 22071119 DOI: 10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2011.10.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 128] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2011] [Revised: 09/29/2011] [Accepted: 10/10/2011] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Synthetic drugs are among the most commonly abused drugs in the world. This abuse is widespread among young people, especially in the dance club and rave scenes. Over the last several years, piperazine derived drugs have appeared, mainly available via the internet, and sold as ecstasy pills or under the names of "Frenzy", "Bliss", "Charge", "Herbal ecstasy", "A2", "Legal X" and "Legal E". Although in the market piperazine designer drugs have the reputation of being safe, several experimental and epidemiological studies indicate risks for humans. Piperazine designer drugs can be divided into two classes, the benzylpiperazines such as N-benzylpiperazine (BZP) and its methylenedioxy analogue 1-(3,4-methylenedioxybenzyl)piperazine (MDBP), and the phenylpiperazines such as 1-(3-chlorophenyl)piperazine (mCPP), 1-(3-trifluoromethylphenyl)piperazine (TFMPP), and 1-(4-methoxyphenyl)piperazine (MeOPP). Toxicokinetic properties, including metabolic pathways, actions and effects in animals and humans, with some hypothesis of mechanism of action, and analytical approaches for the identification of these drugs are summarized in this review.
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Affiliation(s)
- M D Arbo
- REQUIMTE, Laboratory of Toxicology, Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, Portugal.
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Maher HM, Awad T, DeRuiter J, Clark CR. GC-MS and GC-IRD studies on dimethoxyphenethylamines (DMPEA): regioisomers related to 2,5-DMPEA. J Chromatogr Sci 2012; 50:1-9. [PMID: 22291049 DOI: 10.1093/chromsci/bmr013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
A series of regioisomeric dimethoxyphenethylamines have a mass spectra essentially equivalent to the drug substance 2,5-dimethoxyphenethylamine (2,5-DMPEA). These substances have a molecular weight of 181, and major fragment ions in their electron ionization mass spectra at m/z 151/152. The trifluoroacetyl, pentafluoropropionyl, and heptafluorobutryl derivatives of these primary amines were prepared and evaluated by gas chromatography with mass spectrometry detection (GC-MS). The mass spectra for these derivatives do not show unique fragment ions to allow the specific identification of a particular isomer. Thus, GC-MS does not provide for the confirmation of identity of any one of the six isomers to the exclusion of the other five compounds. However, GC-MS does divide the compounds into two groups depending on the mass of the base peak. GC with infrared detection provides direct confirmatory data for the identification of 2,5-DMPEA from the other regioisomers involved in the study. Perfluoroacylated derivatives of the six regioisomeric dimethoxyphenethylamines were successfully resolved via capillary GC on a non-polar stationary phase consisting of 50% phenyl and 50% methyl polysiloxane (Rxi-50).
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Affiliation(s)
- Hadir M Maher
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Alexandria University, Alexandria 21521, Egypt
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Zuba D. Identification of cathinones and other active components of ‘legal highs’ by mass spectrometric methods. Trends Analyt Chem 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.trac.2011.09.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 106] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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Gaujac A, Aquino A, Navickiene S, de Andrade JB. Determination of N,N-dimethyltryptamine in Mimosa tenuiflora inner barks by matrix solid-phase dispersion procedure and GC–MS. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2012; 881-882:107-10. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2011.11.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2011] [Revised: 11/04/2011] [Accepted: 11/05/2011] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Noorizadeh H, Farmany A, Noorizadeh M. Application of GA–KPLS and L–M ANN calculations for the prediction of the capacity factor of hazardous psychoactive designer drugs. Med Chem Res 2011. [DOI: 10.1007/s00044-011-9794-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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Colorimetric detection and chromatographic analyses of designer drugs in biological materials: a comprehensive review. Forensic Toxicol 2011. [DOI: 10.1007/s11419-010-0107-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
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Brandt SD, Martins CP. Analytical methods for psychoactive N,N-dialkylated tryptamines. Trends Analyt Chem 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/j.trac.2010.04.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Current Awareness in Drug Testing and Analysis. Drug Test Anal 2009. [DOI: 10.1002/dta.4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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