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Siahkamari S, Daneshfar A. Synthesis of a new magnetic metal organic framework based on nickel for extraction of carvacrol and thymol in thymus and savory samples and analyzed with gas chromatography. RSC Adv 2023; 13:7664-7672. [PMID: 36908535 PMCID: PMC9993065 DOI: 10.1039/d2ra07367f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2022] [Accepted: 02/22/2023] [Indexed: 03/11/2023] Open
Abstract
The present research aims at reporting a new sorbent, a magnetic nano scale metal-organic framework (MOF), based on nickel acetate and 6-phenyl-1,3,5-triazine-2,4-diamine. The prepared sorbent was used to extract carvacrol and thymol using an ultrasonic-assisted dispersive micro solid phase extraction (UA-DμSPE) method. The structure of the metal organic framework was studied by applying scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), energy dispersive spectrometry (EDS), and vibrating sample magnetometer (VSM). The effects of various parameters such as ionic strength of sample solution, amount of sorbent (mg), volume of eluent solvent (μL), vortex and ultrasonic times (min) were optimized. Under optimal conditions, the analytes resulted in determination coefficients (R 2) of 0.9985 and 0.9967 in the concentration range 0.01-2 μg mL-1, and in limits of detection of 0.0025 and 0.0028 μg mL-1. Significantly, this method can be successfully applied in order to determine the target analytes in spiked real samples. Notably, the relative mean recoveries range from 94.5 to 105.7%.
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Affiliation(s)
- Somaye Siahkamari
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Ilam University P.O. Box 69315516 Ilam Iran
| | - Ali Daneshfar
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Ilam University P.O. Box 69315516 Ilam Iran .,Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Lorestan University Khoramabad Iran
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Lo Fiego MJ, Lorenzetti AS, Silbestri GF, Domini CE. The use of ultrasound in the South Cone region. Advances in organic and inorganic synthesis and in analytical methods. ULTRASONICS SONOCHEMISTRY 2021; 80:105834. [PMID: 34814046 PMCID: PMC8608658 DOI: 10.1016/j.ultsonch.2021.105834] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2021] [Revised: 10/30/2021] [Accepted: 11/13/2021] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
In organic and inorganic synthesis and in analytical methods, an external conventional heat source is usually applied to carry out a chemical reaction at a high temperature, or an extraction procedure. In the last decades, the use of ultrasound as an alternative energy source has become an interesting field of research in these topics in the South Cone region (Argentina, Chile, Uruguay, Southern Brazil and Paraguay). For this reason, the present review, covering the period 2009 to mid-2021, is a compilation of ultrasound-assisted synthetic and analytical methodologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcos J Lo Fiego
- INQUISUR, Departamento de Química, Universidad Nacional Del Sur (UNS)-CONICET, Av. Alem 1253, Bahía Blanca 8000, Argentina
| | - Anabela S Lorenzetti
- INQUISUR, Departamento de Química, Universidad Nacional Del Sur (UNS)-CONICET, Av. Alem 1253, Bahía Blanca 8000, Argentina
| | - Gustavo F Silbestri
- INQUISUR, Departamento de Química, Universidad Nacional Del Sur (UNS)-CONICET, Av. Alem 1253, Bahía Blanca 8000, Argentina.
| | - Claudia E Domini
- INQUISUR, Departamento de Química, Universidad Nacional Del Sur (UNS)-CONICET, Av. Alem 1253, Bahía Blanca 8000, Argentina.
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Tudi M, Daniel Ruan H, Wang L, Lyu J, Sadler R, Connell D, Chu C, Phung DT. Agriculture Development, Pesticide Application and Its Impact on the Environment. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:1112. [PMID: 33513796 PMCID: PMC7908628 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18031112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 483] [Impact Index Per Article: 161.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2020] [Revised: 01/13/2021] [Accepted: 01/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Pesticides are indispensable in agricultural production. They have been used by farmers to control weeds and insects, and their remarkable increases in agricultural products have been reported. The increase in the world's population in the 20th century could not have been possible without a parallel increase in food production. About one-third of agricultural products are produced depending on the application of pesticides. Without the use of pesticides, there would be a 78% loss of fruit production, a 54% loss of vegetable production, and a 32% loss of cereal production. Therefore, pesticides play a critical role in reducing diseases and increasing crop yields worldwide. Thus, it is essential to discuss the agricultural development process; the historical perspective, types and specific uses of pesticides; and pesticide behavior, its contamination, and adverse effects on the natural environment. The review study indicates that agricultural development has a long history in many places around the world. The history of pesticide use can be divided into three periods of time. Pesticides are classified by different classification terms such as chemical classes, functional groups, modes of action, and toxicity. Pesticides are used to kill pests and control weeds using chemical ingredients; hence, they can also be toxic to other organisms, including birds, fish, beneficial insects, and non-target plants, as well as air, water, soil, and crops. Moreover, pesticide contamination moves away from the target plants, resulting in environmental pollution. Such chemical residues impact human health through environmental and food contamination. In addition, climate change-related factors also impact on pesticide application and result in increased pesticide usage and pesticide pollution. Therefore, this review will provide the scientific information necessary for pesticide application and management in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muyesaier Tudi
- Key Laboratory of Land Surface Pattern and Simulation, Institute of Geographical Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 11 Datun Road, Beijing 100101, China; (M.T.); (J.L.)
- Centre for Environment and Population Health, School of Medicine, Griffith University, 170 Kessels Road, Nathan, QLD 4111, Australia; (H.D.R.); (R.S.); (C.C.); (D.T.P.)
| | - Huada Daniel Ruan
- Centre for Environment and Population Health, School of Medicine, Griffith University, 170 Kessels Road, Nathan, QLD 4111, Australia; (H.D.R.); (R.S.); (C.C.); (D.T.P.)
- Environmental Science Program, Beijing Normal University-Hong Kong Baptist University United International College, 2000 Jintong Road, Tangjiawan, Zhuhai 519080, China
| | - Li Wang
- Key Laboratory of Land Surface Pattern and Simulation, Institute of Geographical Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 11 Datun Road, Beijing 100101, China; (M.T.); (J.L.)
- Faculty of Health, Medicine and Life Sciences, Maastricht University, 6200 MD Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Jia Lyu
- Key Laboratory of Land Surface Pattern and Simulation, Institute of Geographical Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 11 Datun Road, Beijing 100101, China; (M.T.); (J.L.)
- China CDC Key Laboratory of Environment and Population Health, National Institute of Environmental Health, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, No. 29 Nanwei Road, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Ross Sadler
- Centre for Environment and Population Health, School of Medicine, Griffith University, 170 Kessels Road, Nathan, QLD 4111, Australia; (H.D.R.); (R.S.); (C.C.); (D.T.P.)
| | - Des Connell
- School of Environment and Science, Griffith University, 170 Kessel Road, Nathan, QLD 4111, Australia;
| | - Cordia Chu
- Centre for Environment and Population Health, School of Medicine, Griffith University, 170 Kessels Road, Nathan, QLD 4111, Australia; (H.D.R.); (R.S.); (C.C.); (D.T.P.)
| | - Dung Tri Phung
- Centre for Environment and Population Health, School of Medicine, Griffith University, 170 Kessels Road, Nathan, QLD 4111, Australia; (H.D.R.); (R.S.); (C.C.); (D.T.P.)
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Mammana SB, C. Abraham E, Camargo AB, Vázquez Á, Altamirano JC. Enzymatic Digestion Coupled to Surfactant‐Assisted Dispersive Liquid‐Liquid Microextraction: A Mild Approach for Determining Polybrominated Diphenyl Ethers in Human Hair Sample. ChemistrySelect 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.201904795] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sabrina B. Mammana
- Instituto Argentino de NivologíaGlaciología y Ciencias Ambientales (CCT- Mendoza) Av. Ruiz Leal s/n, P.O. Box 131 Mendoza 5500 Argentina
- Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y NaturalesUniversidad Nacional de Cuyo Padre Jorge Contreras 1300 Mendoza 5500 Argentina
| | - Emilia C. Abraham
- Instituto Argentino de NivologíaGlaciología y Ciencias Ambientales (CCT- Mendoza) Av. Ruiz Leal s/n, P.O. Box 131 Mendoza 5500 Argentina
| | - Alejandra B. Camargo
- Facultad de Ciencias AgrariasUniversidad Nacional de Cuyo, Instituto de Biología Agrícola de Mendoza (CCT- Mendoza) Alte. Brown 500 5505, Chacras de Coria Mendoza Argentina
| | - Álvaro Vázquez
- Instituto Argentino de NivologíaGlaciología y Ciencias Ambientales (CCT- Mendoza) Av. Ruiz Leal s/n, P.O. Box 131 Mendoza 5500 Argentina
| | - Jorgelina C. Altamirano
- Instituto Argentino de NivologíaGlaciología y Ciencias Ambientales (CCT- Mendoza) Av. Ruiz Leal s/n, P.O. Box 131 Mendoza 5500 Argentina
- Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y NaturalesUniversidad Nacional de Cuyo Padre Jorge Contreras 1300 Mendoza 5500 Argentina
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Cruz Fernandes V, Freitas M, Pacheco JG, Fernandes Domingues V, Delerue-Matos C. Evaluation of the QuEChERS and magnetic micro dispersive solid-phase extraction of brominated flame retardants in red fruits with determination by GC/MS. Food Chem 2019; 309:125572. [PMID: 31732246 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2019.125572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2018] [Revised: 08/08/2019] [Accepted: 09/19/2019] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
A sample preparation method, QuEChERS extraction combined with a magnetic micro dispersive solid phase extraction (MµdSPE), was optimized and evaluated for the trace analysis of 9 brominated flame retardants in red fruit samples (strawberries, blueberries, and raspberries) using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. Magnetic nanomaterials were used as sorbents providing an extraction of the target compounds. Linearity was established for all the analytes (from 10 to 200 µg kg-1). Seven concentration levels were analyzed with three measurements at each concentration. Linear responses (R2 > 0.99) were obtained, recoveries of all target analytes were within the range of 65-141%, relative standard deviations were <20% at all three spiking levels, while intraday and interday precisions were below 20%. This study demonstrated that the new sample preparation with magnetic nanoparticles could potentially be expanded to extract and pre-concentrate the BFRs in different red fruit samples. The method has been successfully applied to study BFRs in 12 samples from conventional and organic farming.
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Affiliation(s)
- Virgínia Cruz Fernandes
- REQUIMTE/LAQV, Instituto Superior de Engenharia, Politécnico do Porto, Rua Dr° António Bernardino de Almeida, 431, 4200-072 Porto, Portugal.
| | - Maria Freitas
- REQUIMTE/LAQV, Instituto Superior de Engenharia, Politécnico do Porto, Rua Dr° António Bernardino de Almeida, 431, 4200-072 Porto, Portugal
| | - João G Pacheco
- REQUIMTE/LAQV, Instituto Superior de Engenharia, Politécnico do Porto, Rua Dr° António Bernardino de Almeida, 431, 4200-072 Porto, Portugal
| | - Valentina Fernandes Domingues
- REQUIMTE/LAQV, Instituto Superior de Engenharia, Politécnico do Porto, Rua Dr° António Bernardino de Almeida, 431, 4200-072 Porto, Portugal
| | - Cristina Delerue-Matos
- REQUIMTE/LAQV, Instituto Superior de Engenharia, Politécnico do Porto, Rua Dr° António Bernardino de Almeida, 431, 4200-072 Porto, Portugal
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Mohebbi A, Yaripour S, Farajzadeh MA, Afshar Mogaddam MR. Combination of dispersive solid phase extraction and deep eutectic solvent-based air-assisted liquid-liquid microextraction followed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry as an efficient analytical method for the quantification of some tricyclic antidepressant drugs in biological fluids. J Chromatogr A 2018; 1571:84-93. [PMID: 30119972 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2018.08.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2018] [Revised: 08/05/2018] [Accepted: 08/09/2018] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
A dispersive solid phase extraction coupled with deep eutectic solvent-based air-assisted liquid-liquid microextraction has been developed and applied to the extraction and preconcentration of some tricyclic antidepressant drugs in the human urine and plasma samples prior to their determination by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. In this method, a sorbent (C18) is first added into an alkaline aqueous sample and dispersed by vortexing. By this action, the analytes are adsorbed onto the sorbent. Then, the sorbent particles are isolated from the aqueous solution by centrifugation. Afterward, a deep eutectic solvent, prepared from choline chloride and 4-chlorophenol is used to desorb the analytes from the sorbent. Subsequently, the supernatant solution is removed and added into an alkaline deionized water placed into a test tube with a conical bottom. The resulting mixture is rapidly sucked into a glass syringe and then injected into the tube. This procedure is repeated for several times and a cloudy solution consisting of fine droplets of deep eutectic solvent dispersed into the aqueous phase is formed. After centrifuging the obtained cloudy solution, the tiny droplets of the extractant, containing the extracted analytes, settle at the bottom of the tube. Finally, an aliquot of the extractant is taken and injected into the separation system for quantitative analysis. Several significant factors affecting the performance of the proposed method are evaluated and optimized. Under optimum extraction conditions, the method shows low limits of detection in the ranges of 5-10, 8-15 and 32-60 ng L-1 in deionized water, urine, and plasma, respectively. Enrichment factors are observed to be between 325 to 385 in deionized water, 155 to 185 in urine, and 64 to 72 in plasma. Extraction recoveries are in the range of 65-77 (in deionized water), 62-74 (in urine), and 64-72% (in plasma). The relative standard deviations of the proposed method are ≤ 6% for intra- (n = 6) and inter-day (n = 4) precisions at a concentration of 200 ng L-1 of each analyte. Finally, the applicability of the introduced method is investigated by analyzing the selected drugs in different biological fluids. In the proposed method, for the first time, a deep eutectic solvent composed of safe, cheap, and biodegradable compounds was synthesized and used (at μL-level) as an elution and extraction solvent, simultaneously which led to omit the consumption of toxic organic solvents. This represents a significant advantage in the era of green chemistry. In addition, the introduced method is sensitive, simple in operation, rapid, and efficient.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Mohebbi
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Saeid Yaripour
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Food Control, Faculty of Pharmacy, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran.
| | - Mir Ali Farajzadeh
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran; Engineering Faculty, Near East University, 99138 Nicosia, North Cyprus, Mersin 10, Turkey
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Ma S, Yuan X, Zhao P, Sun H, Ye X, Liang N, Zhao L. Trace determination of five triazole fungicide residues in traditional Chinese medicine samples by dispersive solid-phase extraction combined with ultrasound-assisted dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction and UHPLC-MS/MS. J Sep Sci 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/jssc.201700250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Shuping Ma
- School of Pharmacy; Shenyang Pharmaceutical University; Shenyang P.R. China
| | - Xucan Yuan
- School of Pharmacy; Shenyang Pharmaceutical University; Shenyang P.R. China
| | - Pengfei Zhao
- School of Pharmacy; Shenyang Pharmaceutical University; Shenyang P.R. China
| | - Hong Sun
- School of Pharmacy; Shenyang Pharmaceutical University; Shenyang P.R. China
| | - Xiu Ye
- School of Pharmacy; Shenyang Pharmaceutical University; Shenyang P.R. China
| | - Ning Liang
- School of Pharmaceutical Engineering; Shenyang Pharmaceutical University; Shenyang P.R. China
| | - Longshan Zhao
- School of Pharmacy; Shenyang Pharmaceutical University; Shenyang P.R. China
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Li J, Roh SH, Shaodong J, Hong JY, Lee DK, Shin BK, Park JH, Lee J, Kwon SW. Solid-phase extraction assisted dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction based on solidification of floating organic droplet to determine sildenafil and its analogues in dietary supplements. J Sep Sci 2017; 40:3120-3129. [DOI: 10.1002/jssc.201700159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2017] [Revised: 05/29/2017] [Accepted: 05/29/2017] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Jing Li
- College of Pharmacy; Seoul National University; Seoul Korea
| | - Si Hun Roh
- College of Pharmacy; Seoul National University; Seoul Korea
| | - Jia Shaodong
- College of Pharmacy; Seoul National University; Seoul Korea
| | - Ji Yeon Hong
- College of Pharmacy; Seoul National University; Seoul Korea
| | - Dong-Kyu Lee
- College of Pharmacy; Seoul National University; Seoul Korea
| | - Byong-kyu Shin
- College of Pharmacy; Seoul National University; Seoul Korea
| | - Jeong Hill Park
- College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences; Seoul National University; Seoul Korea
- Faculty of Pharmacy; Ton Duc Thang University; Ho Chi Minh City Vietnam
| | - Jeongmi Lee
- School of Pharmacy; Sungkyunkwan University; Suwon Korea
| | - Sung Won Kwon
- College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences; Seoul National University; Seoul Korea
- Plant Genomics and Breeding Institute; Seoul National University; Seoul Korea
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Khezeli T, Daneshfar A. Development of dispersive micro-solid phase extraction based on micro and nano sorbents. Trends Analyt Chem 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.trac.2017.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 194] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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10
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Shirkhanloo H, Khaligh A, Mousavi HZ, Rashidi A. Ultrasound assisted-dispersive-ionic liquid-micro-solid phase extraction based on carboxyl-functionalized nanoporous graphene for speciation and determination of trace inorganic and organic mercury species in water and caprine blood samples. Microchem J 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.microc.2016.09.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Khalilian F, Rezaee M. Ultrasound-Assisted Extraction Followed by Solid-Phase Extraction Followed by Dispersive Liquid–Liquid Microextraction for the Sensitive Determination of Diazinon and Chlorpyrifos in Rice. FOOD ANAL METHOD 2016. [DOI: 10.1007/s12161-016-0653-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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12
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Bahram M, Keshvari F, Mohseni N. A novel hydrogel based microextraction of analytes. JOURNAL OF SAUDI CHEMICAL SOCIETY 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jscs.2013.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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13
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Kuzukiran O, Yurdakok-Dikmen B, Filazi A, Sevin S, Aydin FG, Tutun H. Determination of Polychlorinated Biphenyls in Marine Sediments by Ultrasound-Assisted Isolation and Dispersive Liquid–Liquid Microextraction and Gas Chromatography–Mass Spectrometry. ANAL LETT 2016. [DOI: 10.1080/00032719.2016.1151890] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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14
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Shirkhanloo H, Khaligh A, Mousavi HZ, Rashidi A. Ultrasound assisted-dispersive-micro-solid phase extraction based on bulky amino bimodal mesoporous silica nanoparticles for speciation of trace manganese (II)/(VII) ions in water samples. Microchem J 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.microc.2015.10.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Berton P, Lana NB, Ríos JM, García-Reyes JF, Altamirano JC. State of the art of environmentally friendly sample preparation approaches for determination of PBDEs and metabolites in environmental and biological samples: A critical review. Anal Chim Acta 2015; 905:24-41. [PMID: 26755134 DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2015.11.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2015] [Revised: 11/04/2015] [Accepted: 11/08/2015] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Green chemistry principles for developing methodologies have gained attention in analytical chemistry in recent decades. A growing number of analytical techniques have been proposed for determination of organic persistent pollutants in environmental and biological samples. In this light, the current review aims to present state-of-the-art sample preparation approaches based on green analytical principles proposed for the determination of polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) and metabolites (OH-PBDEs and MeO-PBDEs) in environmental and biological samples. Approaches to lower the solvent consumption and accelerate the extraction, such as pressurized liquid extraction, microwave-assisted extraction, and ultrasound-assisted extraction, are discussed in this review. Special attention is paid to miniaturized sample preparation methodologies and strategies proposed to reduce organic solvent consumption. Additionally, extraction techniques based on alternative solvents (surfactants, supercritical fluids, or ionic liquids) are also commented in this work, even though these are scarcely used for determination of PBDEs. In addition to liquid-based extraction techniques, solid-based analytical techniques are also addressed. The development of greener, faster and simpler sample preparation approaches has increased in recent years (2003-2013). Among green extraction techniques, those based on the liquid phase predominate over those based on the solid phase (71% vs. 29%, respectively). For solid samples, solvent assisted extraction techniques are preferred for leaching of PBDEs, and liquid phase microextraction techniques are mostly used for liquid samples. Likewise, green characteristics of the instrumental analysis used after the extraction and clean-up steps are briefly discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paula Berton
- Laboratorio de Química Ambiental, Instituto Argentino de Nivología, Glaciología y Ciencias Ambientales (IANIGLA) - CONICET, Mendoza 5500, Argentina; Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Cuyo, Mendoza 5500, Argentina
| | - Nerina B Lana
- Laboratorio de Química Ambiental, Instituto Argentino de Nivología, Glaciología y Ciencias Ambientales (IANIGLA) - CONICET, Mendoza 5500, Argentina
| | - Juan M Ríos
- Laboratorio de Química Ambiental, Instituto Argentino de Nivología, Glaciología y Ciencias Ambientales (IANIGLA) - CONICET, Mendoza 5500, Argentina
| | - Juan F García-Reyes
- Analytical Chemistry Research Group, Department of Physical and Analytical Chemistry, University of Jaen, 23071 Jaen, Spain
| | - Jorgelina C Altamirano
- Laboratorio de Química Ambiental, Instituto Argentino de Nivología, Glaciología y Ciencias Ambientales (IANIGLA) - CONICET, Mendoza 5500, Argentina; Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Cuyo, Mendoza 5500, Argentina.
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Albero B, Sánchez-Brunete C, García-Valcárcel AI, Pérez RA, Tadeo JL. Ultrasound-assisted extraction of emerging contaminants from environmental samples. Trends Analyt Chem 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.trac.2015.03.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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17
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Chemometric assisted ultrasound leaching-solid phase extraction followed by dispersive-solidification liquid–liquid microextraction for determination of organophosphorus pesticides in soil samples. Talanta 2015; 137:167-73. [DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2015.01.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2014] [Revised: 01/22/2015] [Accepted: 01/23/2015] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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18
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Jiang R, Ouyang G. Fast Analytical Techniques Based on Microextraction. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-444-63299-9.00003-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/17/2023]
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Khajeh M, Azarsa L, Rakhshanipour M. Chitosan–Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles Combined with Dispersive Liquid–Liquid Microextraction for the Determination of BTEX in Water Samples. Aust J Chem 2015. [DOI: 10.1071/ch14353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
In this study, chitosan–zinc oxide nanoparticles were used as an adsorbent matrix for solid-phase extraction and combined with dispersive liquid–liquid microextraction (SPE–DLLME) for determination of benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, and xylene isomers (BTEX) in water samples. The eluent of SPE was used as the dispersive solvent of the DLLME for further purification and enrichment of the BTEX prior to gas chromatography-flame ionization detector analysis. The effect of variables, including amount of adsorbent, sample and eluent flow rate, type and volume of extraction and dispersive solvent, salt concentration, and extraction time, was investigated and they were optimized. Under the optimum conditions, good linearity for all BTEX with determination coefficients in the range of 0.9993 < r2 < 0.9997, suitable precision (1.4 % < RSD <1.9 %; where RSD refers to relative standard deviation), and low detection limits (0.5–1.1 µg L–1) were achieved. The current chitosan–zinc oxide nanoparticles SPE–DLLME procedure combines the advantages of SPE and DLLME, and was applied for determination of BTEX in water samples and acceptable recoveries were obtained.
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Mohammadi M, Tavakoli H, Abdollahzadeh Y, Khosravi A, Torkaman R, Mashayekhi A. Ultra-preconcentration and determination of organophosphorus pesticides in soil samples by a combination of ultrasound assisted leaching-solid phase extraction and low-density solvent based dispersive liquid–liquid microextraction. RSC Adv 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c5ra11959f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
USAL-SPE-LDS-DLLME has been applied for the determination of OPPs in soil samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehrnoush Mohammadi
- Department of Chemical Engineering
- Faculty of Engineering
- South Tehran Branch
- Islamic Azad University
- Tehran
| | - Hamed Tavakoli
- The Young Research Club of the Islamic Azad University
- Nour
- Iran
| | | | - Amir Khosravi
- Young Researchers and Elites Club
- North Tehran Branch
- Islamic Azad University
- Tehran
- Iran
| | - Rezvan Torkaman
- Oil and Gas Centre of Excellence
- School of Chemical Engineering
- University College of Engineering
- University of Tehran
- Tehran
| | - Ashkan Mashayekhi
- Department of Chemical Engineering
- Faculty of Engineering
- South Tehran Branch
- Islamic Azad University
- Tehran
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21
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Xue J, Chen X, Jiang W, Liu F, Li H. Rapid and sensitive analysis of nine fungicide residues in chrysanthemum by matrix extraction-vortex-assisted dispersive liquid–liquid microextraction. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2015; 975:9-17. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2014.10.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2014] [Revised: 09/15/2014] [Accepted: 10/22/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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22
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Molina-Ruiz JM, Cieslik E, Cieslik I, Walkowska I. Determination of pesticide residues in fish tissues by modified QuEChERS method and dual-d-SPE clean-up coupled to gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2015; 22:369-378. [PMID: 25074831 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-014-3361-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2014] [Accepted: 07/17/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this research was to modify the Quick, Easy, Cheap, Effective, Rugged and Safe (QuEChERS) method for the determination of organochlorine and organophosphate pesticides in fatty animal matrices such as fish muscle tissues of carp and sturgeon collected from Carp Valley, Lesser Poland. Pesticides extraction effectiveness was evaluated at 0.030 mg kg(-1) spiking level and efficiency of the dispersive-solid-phase extraction (d-SPE) clean-up step was evaluated by comparison testing two different d-SPE clean-up stages, first the addition of the d-SPE sorbent combination (PSA + SAX + NH2), and secondly the addition of C18 after extracts enrichment with the d-SPE sorbent combination (PSA + SAX + NH2), introducing a novel concept of clean-up named dual-d-SPE clean-up. Analysis of pesticide residues was performed by Gas Chromatography Quadrupole Mass Spectrometry (GC/Q-MS) working in selected-ion monitoring (SIM) mode. Linear relation was observed from 0 to 200 ng mL(-1) and determination coefficient R(2) > 0.997 in all instances for all target analytes. Better recoveries and cleanliness of extracts in both samples, carp and sturgeon tissues, were obtained after C18 addition during the dual-d-SPE clean-up step. Recoveries were in the range 70-120%, with relative standard deviation lower than 10% at 0.030 mg kg(-1) spiking level for most pesticides. LODs ranged 0.001-0.003 mg kg(-1), while LOQs ranged 0.004-0.009 mg kg(-1). The proposed method was successfully applied analyzing pesticide residues in real carp and sturgeon muscle samples; detectable pesticide residues were observed, but in all of the cases contamination level was lower than the default maximum residue levels (MRLs) set by the European Union (EU), Regulation (EC) N 396/2005.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Manuel Molina-Ruiz
- Malopolska Centre of Food Monitoring, Faculty of Food Technology, University of Agriculture in Krakow, 122 Balicka St, 30-149, Krakow, Poland,
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23
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Khaligh A, Mousavi HZ, Shirkhanloo H, Rashidi A. Speciation and determination of inorganic arsenic species in water and biological samples by ultrasound assisted-dispersive-micro-solid phase extraction on carboxylated nanoporous graphene coupled with flow injection-hydride generation atomic absorption spectrometry. RSC Adv 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c5ra17229b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
In this paper, carboxylated nanoporous graphene as a nanoadsorbent was evaluated in two types of ultrasound assisted-dispersive micro-solid phase extraction for speciation of trace As(v) and As(iii) ions in natural water and human biological samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aisan Khaligh
- Department of Chemistry
- Semnan University
- Semnan 35131-1911
- Iran
| | | | - Hamid Shirkhanloo
- Occupational and Environmental Health Research Center (OEHRC)
- Iranian Petroleum
- Tehran
- Iran
| | - Alimorad Rashidi
- Nanotechnology Research Center
- Research Institute of Petroleum Industry
- Tehran 1485733111
- Iran
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24
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Applications of liquid-phase microextraction in the sample preparation of environmental solid samples. Molecules 2014; 19:6776-808. [PMID: 24858267 PMCID: PMC6271381 DOI: 10.3390/molecules19056776] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2014] [Revised: 05/19/2014] [Accepted: 05/21/2014] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Solvent extraction remains one of the fundamental sample preparation techniques in the analysis of environmental solid samples, but organic solvents are toxic and environmentally harmful, therefore one of the possible greening directions is its miniaturization. The present review covers the relevant research from the field of application of microextraction to the sample preparation of environmental solid samples (soil, sediments, sewage sludge, dust etc.) published in the last decade. Several innovative liquid-phase microextraction (LPME) techniques that have emerged recently have also been applied as an aid in sample preparation of these samples: single-drop microextraction (SDME), hollow fiber-liquid phase microextraction (HF-LPME), dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction (DLLME). Besides the common organic solvents, surfactants and ionic liquids are also used. However, these techniques have to be combined with another technique to release the analytes from the solid sample into an aqueous solution. In the present review, the published methods were categorized into three groups: LPME in combination with a conventional solvent extraction; LPME in combination with an environmentally friendly extraction; LPME without previous extraction. The applicability of these approaches to the sample preparation for the determination of pollutants in solid environmental samples is discussed, with emphasis on their strengths, weak points and environmental impact.
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Novak P, Zuliani T, Milačič R, Ščančar J. Development of an analytical procedure for the determination of polybrominated diphenyl ethers in environmental water samples by GC–ICP-MS. Anal Chim Acta 2014; 827:64-73. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2014.04.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2014] [Revised: 04/07/2014] [Accepted: 04/10/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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26
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Xue J, Li H, Liu F, Jiang W, Chen X. Determination of strobilurin fungicides in cotton seed by combination of acetonitrile extraction and dispersive liquid−liquid microextraction coupled with gas chromatography. J Sep Sci 2014; 37:845-52. [DOI: 10.1002/jssc.201301223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2013] [Revised: 01/18/2014] [Accepted: 01/19/2014] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jiaying Xue
- Department of Applied ChemistryCollege of Science, China Agricultural University Beijing P. R. China
| | - Huichen Li
- Department of Applied ChemistryCollege of Science, China Agricultural University Beijing P. R. China
| | - Fengmao Liu
- Department of Applied ChemistryCollege of Science, China Agricultural University Beijing P. R. China
| | - Wenqing Jiang
- Department of Applied ChemistryCollege of Science, China Agricultural University Beijing P. R. China
| | - Xiaochu Chen
- Department of Applied ChemistryCollege of Science, China Agricultural University Beijing P. R. China
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Bizkarguenaga E, Iparragirre A, Zabaleta I, Vallejo A, Fernández LA, Prieto A, Zuloaga O. Focused ultrasound assisted extraction for the determination of PBDEs in vegetables and amended soil. Talanta 2014; 119:53-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2013.10.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2013] [Revised: 10/04/2013] [Accepted: 10/15/2013] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Microwave-Assisted Extraction/Dispersive Liquid–Liquid Microextraction Coupled with DSI-GC-IT/MS for Analysis of Essential Oil from Three Species of Cardamom. Chromatographia 2013. [DOI: 10.1007/s10337-013-2608-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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29
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Barco-Bonilla N, Plaza-Bolaños P, Tarifa NMV, Romero-González R, Martínez Vidal JL, Frenich AG. Highly sensitive determination of polybrominated diphenyl ethers in surface water by GC coupled to high-resolution MS according to the EU Water Directive 2008/105/EC. J Sep Sci 2013; 37:69-76. [DOI: 10.1002/jssc.201300757] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2013] [Revised: 09/26/2013] [Accepted: 10/24/2013] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Nieves Barco-Bonilla
- Department of Chemistry and Physics (Analytical Chemistry Area); Andalusian Center for the Assessment and Monitoring of Global Change (CAESCG); Agrifood Campus of International Excellence ceiA3; University of Almería; Almería Spain
| | - Patricia Plaza-Bolaños
- Department of Chemistry and Physics (Analytical Chemistry Area); Andalusian Center for the Assessment and Monitoring of Global Change (CAESCG); Agrifood Campus of International Excellence ceiA3; University of Almería; Almería Spain
| | - Noelia Ma Valera Tarifa
- Department of Chemistry and Physics (Analytical Chemistry Area); Andalusian Center for the Assessment and Monitoring of Global Change (CAESCG); Agrifood Campus of International Excellence ceiA3; University of Almería; Almería Spain
| | - Roberto Romero-González
- Department of Chemistry and Physics (Analytical Chemistry Area); Andalusian Center for the Assessment and Monitoring of Global Change (CAESCG); Agrifood Campus of International Excellence ceiA3; University of Almería; Almería Spain
| | - José Luis Martínez Vidal
- Department of Chemistry and Physics (Analytical Chemistry Area); Andalusian Center for the Assessment and Monitoring of Global Change (CAESCG); Agrifood Campus of International Excellence ceiA3; University of Almería; Almería Spain
| | - Antonia Garrido Frenich
- Department of Chemistry and Physics (Analytical Chemistry Area); Andalusian Center for the Assessment and Monitoring of Global Change (CAESCG); Agrifood Campus of International Excellence ceiA3; University of Almería; Almería Spain
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30
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Jiménez JJ. Simultaneous liquid–liquid extraction and dispersive solid-phase extraction as a sample preparation method to determine acidic contaminants in river water by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry. Talanta 2013; 116:678-87. [DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2013.07.052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2013] [Revised: 07/08/2013] [Accepted: 07/23/2013] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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31
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Developments in ultrasound-assisted microextraction techniques for isolation and preconcentration of organic analytes from aqueous samples. Trends Analyt Chem 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.trac.2013.02.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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32
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Lana NB, Berton P, Covaci A, Atencio AG, Ciocco NF, Altamirano JC. Ultrasound leaching-dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction based on solidification of floating organic droplet for determination of polybrominated diphenyl ethers in sediment samples by gas chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. J Chromatogr A 2013; 1285:15-21. [PMID: 23473516 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2013.02.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2012] [Revised: 02/04/2013] [Accepted: 02/10/2013] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Ultrasound leaching-dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction using solidification of floating organic droplet (USL-DLLME-SFO) technique is proposed for extraction and isolation of polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) from sediment and further determination by gas chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (GC-MS/MS). Parameters that affect the efficiency of the procedure were investigated by a full factorial (2(k)) screening design. Variables showing significant effects on the analytical responses were considered within a further central composite design (CCD). The optimization assays have led to following protocol: ultrasound assisted lixiviation of 1g sediment was carried out by using 1.2 mL MeOH. Further, the analytes were isolated from 0.4 mL of the extract using the DLLME-SFO technique. The microextraction was performed using 0.1 mL MeOH, 22 mg 1-dodecanol, 1 mL NaCl solution 6.15M and 4.4 mL ultrapure water as dispersive and extracting solvents, medium ionic strength and dispersant bulk, respectively. Under optimum conditions, the method exhibits good performance in terms of linearity and precision (RSD<9.2%), with recoveries above 71% and limits of detection (LODs) within the range 0.5-1.8 pgg(-1) dry weight (d.w.). Method validation was demonstrated through the analysis of environmental sediment samples in which PBDEs were detected and quantified. The presence of BDE-47, -100, -99 and -153 was reported within the concentration range of <LOD to 29 pgg(-1) d.w. The proposed methodology constitutes a suitable approach for the analysis of PBDEs in complex solid samples requires minimum organic solvents consumption, sample manipulation, and increases sample throughput.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nerina B Lana
- Instituto Argentino de Nivología, Glaciología y Ciencias Ambientales, CCT Mendoza-CONICET, ZC 330 (5500) Mendoza, Argentina
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Analysis of Halogenated Flame Retardants by Gas Chromatography Coupled to LRMS, HRMS, MS–MS, and TOF-MS. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-444-62623-3.00016-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register]
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34
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An Improved Method for Determination of Polychlorinated Biphenyls and Polybrominated Diphenyl Ethers in Sediment by Ultrasonic Solvent Extraction Followed by Stir Bar Sorptive Extraction Coupled to TD–GC–MS. Chromatographia 2012. [DOI: 10.1007/s10337-012-2364-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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35
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Analytical sonochemistry; developments, applications, and hyphenations of ultrasound in sample preparation and analytical techniques. OPEN CHEM 2012. [DOI: 10.2478/s11532-011-0160-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
AbstractUltrasonic assistance is one of the great successes of modern analytical chemistry, which uses this energy for a variety of purposes in relation to sample preparation and development of methods for the analysis of numerous contaminants including organic and inorganic compounds. This review will attempt to provide an overview of more recent applications of ultrasound in different environmental and biological samples such as food, soil and water as well as a brief description of the theoretical understanding of this method. Also, the possibility of coupling ultrasound with other analytical techniques will be discussed.
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36
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Fulara I, Czaplicka M. Methods for determination of polybrominated diphenyl ethers in environmental samples - review. J Sep Sci 2012; 35:2075-87. [DOI: 10.1002/jssc.201200100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2012] [Revised: 04/28/2012] [Accepted: 05/03/2012] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Izabela Fulara
- Central Laboratory; Institute for Ecology of Industrial Areas; Katowice Poland
| | - Marianna Czaplicka
- Environmental Protection Department; Institute of Non-Ferrous Metals; Gliwice Poland
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37
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PBDEs in environmental samples: Sampling and analysis. Talanta 2012; 93:1-17. [DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2012.01.048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 98] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2011] [Revised: 01/17/2012] [Accepted: 01/29/2012] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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38
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Separation and Preconcentration by Dispersive Liquid–Liquid Microextraction Procedure: Recent Applications. Chromatographia 2011. [DOI: 10.1007/s10337-011-2124-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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39
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Trends in liquid-phase microextraction, and its application to environmental and biological samples. Mikrochim Acta 2011. [DOI: 10.1007/s00604-011-0678-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 133] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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40
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Mahugo-Santana C, Sosa-Ferrera Z, Torres-Padrón ME, Santana-Rodríguez JJ. Application of new approaches to liquid-phase microextraction for the determination of emerging pollutants. Trends Analyt Chem 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.trac.2011.01.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 102] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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41
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Fontana AR, Camargo A, Martinez LD, Altamirano JC. Dispersive solid-phase extraction as a simplified clean-up technique for biological sample extracts. Determination of polybrominated diphenyl ethers by gas chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry. J Chromatogr A 2011; 1218:2490-6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2011.02.058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2010] [Revised: 02/21/2011] [Accepted: 02/22/2011] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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42
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Han Y, Jia X, Liu X, Duan T, Chen H. Dispersive solid-phase extraction combined with dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction for the determination of polybrominated diphenyl ethers in plastic bottled beverage by GC-MS. J Sep Sci 2011; 34:1047-54. [DOI: 10.1002/jssc.201000631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2010] [Revised: 12/21/2010] [Accepted: 02/04/2011] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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