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Li S, Zhang H, Zhu M, Kuang Z, Li X, Xu F, Miao S, Zhang Z, Lou X, Li H, Xia F. Electrochemical Biosensors for Whole Blood Analysis: Recent Progress, Challenges, and Future Perspectives. Chem Rev 2023. [PMID: 37262362 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.1c00759] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Whole blood, as one of the most significant biological fluids, provides critical information for health management and disease monitoring. Over the past 10 years, advances in nanotechnology, microfluidics, and biomarker research have spurred the development of powerful miniaturized diagnostic systems for whole blood testing toward the goal of disease monitoring and treatment. Among the techniques employed for whole-blood diagnostics, electrochemical biosensors, as known to be rapid, sensitive, capable of miniaturization, reagentless and washing free, become a class of emerging technology to achieve the target detection specifically and directly in complex media, e.g., whole blood or even in the living body. Here we are aiming to provide a comprehensive review to summarize advances over the past decade in the development of electrochemical sensors for whole blood analysis. Further, we address the remaining challenges and opportunities to integrate electrochemical sensing platforms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaoguang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Biogeology and Environmental Geology, Engineering Research Center of Nano-Geomaterials of Ministry of Education, Faculty of Materials Science and Chemistry, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Hongyuan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Biogeology and Environmental Geology, Engineering Research Center of Nano-Geomaterials of Ministry of Education, Faculty of Materials Science and Chemistry, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Man Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Biogeology and Environmental Geology, Engineering Research Center of Nano-Geomaterials of Ministry of Education, Faculty of Materials Science and Chemistry, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Zhujun Kuang
- State Key Laboratory of Biogeology and Environmental Geology, Engineering Research Center of Nano-Geomaterials of Ministry of Education, Faculty of Materials Science and Chemistry, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Xun Li
- State Key Laboratory of Biogeology and Environmental Geology, Engineering Research Center of Nano-Geomaterials of Ministry of Education, Faculty of Materials Science and Chemistry, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Fan Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Biogeology and Environmental Geology, Engineering Research Center of Nano-Geomaterials of Ministry of Education, Faculty of Materials Science and Chemistry, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Siyuan Miao
- State Key Laboratory of Biogeology and Environmental Geology, Engineering Research Center of Nano-Geomaterials of Ministry of Education, Faculty of Materials Science and Chemistry, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Zishuo Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Biogeology and Environmental Geology, Engineering Research Center of Nano-Geomaterials of Ministry of Education, Faculty of Materials Science and Chemistry, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Xiaoding Lou
- State Key Laboratory of Biogeology and Environmental Geology, Engineering Research Center of Nano-Geomaterials of Ministry of Education, Faculty of Materials Science and Chemistry, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Hui Li
- State Key Laboratory of Biogeology and Environmental Geology, Engineering Research Center of Nano-Geomaterials of Ministry of Education, Faculty of Materials Science and Chemistry, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Fan Xia
- State Key Laboratory of Biogeology and Environmental Geology, Engineering Research Center of Nano-Geomaterials of Ministry of Education, Faculty of Materials Science and Chemistry, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430074, China
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2
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Yadav AK, Verma D, Kumar A, Kumar P, Solanki PR. The perspectives of biomarker-based electrochemical immunosensors, artificial intelligence and the Internet of Medical Things toward COVID-19 diagnosis and management. MATERIALS TODAY. CHEMISTRY 2021; 20:100443. [PMID: 33615086 PMCID: PMC7877231 DOI: 10.1016/j.mtchem.2021.100443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2020] [Revised: 12/01/2020] [Accepted: 02/04/2021] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
The World Health Organization (WHO) has declared the COVID-19 an international health emergency due to the severity of infection progression, which became more severe due to its continuous spread globally and the unavailability of appropriate therapy and diagnostics systems. Thus, there is a need for efficient devices to detect SARS-CoV-2 infection at an early stage. Nowadays, the reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) technique is being applied for detecting this virus around the globe; however, factors such as stringent expertise, long diagnostic times, invasive and painful screening, and high costs have restricted the use of RT-PCR methods for rapid diagnostics. Therefore, the development of cost-effective, portable, sensitive, prompt and selective sensing systems to detect SARS-CoV-2 in biofluids at fM/pM/nM concentrations would be a breakthrough in diagnostics. Immunosensors that show increased specificity and sensitivity are considerably fast and do not imply costly reagents or instruments, reducing the cost for COVID-19 detection. The current developments in immunosensors perhaps signify the most significant opportunity for a rapid assay to detect COVID-19, without the need of highly skilled professionals and specialized tools to interpret results. Artificial intelligence (AI) and the Internet of Medical Things (IoMT) can also be equipped with this immunosensing approach to investigate useful networking through database management, sharing, and analytics to prevent and manage COVID-19. Herein, we represent the collective concepts of biomarker-based immunosensors along with AI and IoMT as smart sensing strategies with bioinformatics approach to monitor non-invasive early stage SARS-CoV-2 development, with fast point-of-care (POC) diagnostics as the crucial goal. This approach should be implemented quickly and verified practicality for clinical samples before being set in the present times for mass-diagnostic research.
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Affiliation(s)
- A K Yadav
- Special Center for Nanoscience, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, 110067, India
| | - D Verma
- Special Center for Nanoscience, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, 110067, India
- Amity Institute of Applied Sciences, Amity University, Noida, Uttar Pradesh, 201301, India
| | - A Kumar
- National Institute of Immunology, New Delhi, 110067, India
| | - P Kumar
- Sri Aurobindo College, Delhi University, New Delhi, 110017, India
| | - P R Solanki
- Special Center for Nanoscience, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, 110067, India
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3
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Aung YY, Kristanti AN, Khairunisa SQ, Nasronudin N, Fahmi MZ. Inactivation of HIV-1 Infection through Integrative Blocking with Amino Phenylboronic Acid Attributed Carbon Dots. ACS Biomater Sci Eng 2020; 6:4490-4501. [PMID: 33455181 DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.0c00508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Current antiretroviral HIV therapies continue to have problems related to procedural complications, toxicity, and uncontrolled side effects. In this study, amino phenylboronic acid-modified carbon dots (APBA-CDs) were introduced as a new nanoparticle-based on gp120 targeting that inhibits HIV-1 entry processes. Prolonged by simple pyrolysis for preparing carbon dots, this report further explores attributing amino phenylboronic acid on carbon dots, which prove the formation of graphene-like structures on carbon dots and boronic acid sites, thereby enabling the enhancement of positive optical properties through photoluminescent detection. Aside from performing well in terms of biocompatibility and low cytotoxicity (the CC50 reach up to 11.2 mg/mL), APBA-CDs exhibited superior capabilities in terms of prohibiting HIV-1 entry onto targeted MOLT-4 cells recognized by the delimitations of syncitia formation and higher ATP signal rather than bare carbon dots. The modified carbon dots also promote dual-action on HIV-1 treatment by both intracellularly and extracellularly viral blocking by combining with the Duviral drug, along with compressing p24 antigen signals that are better than APBA-CDs and Duviral itself.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Yu Aung
- Department of Chemistry, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya 60115, Indonesia
| | | | | | | | - Mochamad Zakki Fahmi
- Department of Chemistry, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya 60115, Indonesia.,Supra Modification Nano-micro Engineering Research Group, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya 60115, Indonesia
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Abstract
Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), a type of lentivirus (a subgroup of retrovirus), causes acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS). This pathophysiologic state destroys the immune system allowing opportunistic infections, cancer and other life-threatening diseases to thrive. Although many analytic tools including enzyme-linked immunoassay (ELISA), indirect and line immunoassay, Western blotting, radio-immunoprecipitation, nucleic acid amplification testing (NAAT) have been developed to detect HIV, recent developments in nanosensor technology have prompted its use as a novel diagnostic approach. Nanosensors provide analytical information about behavior and characteristics of particles by using biochemical reactions mediated by enzymes, immune components, cells and tissues. These reactions are transformed into decipherable signals, i.e., electrical, thermal, optical, using nano to micro scale technology. Nanosensors are capable of both quantitative and qualitative detection of HIV, are highly specific and sensitive and provide rapid reproducible results. Nanosensor technology can trace infant infection during mother-to-child transmission, the latent HIV pool and monitor anti-HIV therapy. In this chapter, we review nanosensor analytics including electrochemical, optical, piezoelectric, SERS-based lateral flow assay, microfluidic channel-based biosensors in the detection of HIV. Other techniques in combination with different biorecognition elements (aptamers, antibodies, oligonucleotides) are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarthak Nandi
- DBT-National Institute of Animal Biotechnology (DBT-NIAB), Hyderabad, Telangana, India
| | - Ayusi Mondal
- DBT-National Institute of Animal Biotechnology (DBT-NIAB), Hyderabad, Telangana, India
| | - Akanksha Roberts
- DBT-National Institute of Animal Biotechnology (DBT-NIAB), Hyderabad, Telangana, India
| | - Sonu Gandhi
- DBT-National Institute of Animal Biotechnology (DBT-NIAB), Hyderabad, Telangana, India.
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Farzin L, Shamsipur M, Samandari L, Sheibani S. HIV biosensors for early diagnosis of infection: The intertwine of nanotechnology with sensing strategies. Talanta 2019; 206:120201. [PMID: 31514868 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2019.120201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2019] [Revised: 07/30/2019] [Accepted: 07/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) is a lentivirus that leads to acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS). With increasing awareness of AIDS emerging as a global public health threat, different HIV testing kits have been developed to detect antibodies (Ab) directed toward different parts of HIV. A great limitation of these tests is that they can not detect HIV antibodies during early virus infection. Therefore, to overcome this challenge, a wide range of biosensors have been developed for early diagnosis of HIV infection. A significant amount of these studies have been focused on the application of nanomaterials for improving the sensitivity and accuracy of the sensing methods. Following an introduction into this field, a first section of this review covers the synthesis and applicability of such nanomaterials as metal nanoparticles (NPs), quantum dots (QDs), carbon-based nanomaterials and metal nanoclusters (NCs). A second larger section covers the latest developments concerning nanomaterial-based biosensors for HIV diagnosis, with paying a special attention to the determination of CD4+ cells as a hall mark of HIV infection, HIV gene, HIV p24 core protein, HIV p17 peptide, HIV-1 virus-like particles (VLPs) and HIV related enzymes, particularly those that are passed on from the virus to the CD4+ T lymphocytes and are necessary for viral reproduction within the host cell. These studies are described in detail along with their diverse principles/mechanisms (e.g. electrochemistry, fluorescence, electromagnetic-piezoelectric, surface plasmon resonance (SPR), surface enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) and colorimetry). Despite the significant progress in HIV biosensing in the last years, there is a great need for the development of point-of-care (POC) technologies which are affordable, robust, easy to use, portable, and possessing sufficient quantitative accuracy to enable clinical decision making. In the final section, the focus is on the portable sensing devices as a new standard of POC and personalized diagnostics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leila Farzin
- Radiation Application Research School, Nuclear Science and Technology Research Institute, P.O. Box, 11365-3486, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Mojtaba Shamsipur
- Department of Chemistry, Razi University, P.O. Box, 67149-67346, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Leila Samandari
- Department of Chemistry, Razi University, P.O. Box, 67149-67346, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Shahab Sheibani
- Radiation Application Research School, Nuclear Science and Technology Research Institute, P.O. Box, 11365-3486, Tehran, Iran
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6
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Aydın EB, Sezgintürk MK. An impedimetric immunosensor for highly sensitive detection of IL-8 in human serum and saliva samples: A new surface modification method by 6-phosphonohexanoic acid for biosensing applications. Anal Biochem 2018; 554:44-52. [PMID: 29902421 DOI: 10.1016/j.ab.2018.05.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2018] [Revised: 05/27/2018] [Accepted: 05/30/2018] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
In this study, we fabricated a sensitive and label-free impedimetric immunosensor based on 6-phosphonohexanoic acid (PHA) modified ITO electrode for detection of interleukin-8 (IL-8) in human serum and saliva. PHA was first employed to cancer biomarker sensing platform. Anti-IL-8 antibody was used as a biorecognition element and the detection principle of this immunosensor was based on monitoring specific interaction between anti-IL-8 antibody and IL-8 antigen. The morphological characterization of each electrode modification step was analyzed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), SEM-energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX) and atomic force microscopy (AFM) while electrochemical characterization was performed by electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS), cyclic voltammetry (CV) and single frequency impedance (SFI) techniques. Moreover, the antibody immobilization on the electrode surface was proved Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and Raman Spectroscopy. This proposed impedimetric immunosensor exhibited good performances with a wide linear in the range from 0.02 pg/mL to 3 pg/mL as well as a relative low detection limit of 6 fg/mL. The impedimetric immunosensor had a good specificity, stability and reproducibility. This study proved that PHA was a suitable interface material to fabricate an electrochemical biosensor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elif Burcu Aydın
- Namık Kemal University, Scientific and Technological Research Center, Tekirdağ, Turkey.
| | - Mustafa Kemal Sezgintürk
- Çanakkale Onsekiz Mart University, Faculty of Engineering, Bioengineering Department, Çanakkale, Turkey
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7
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Erb W, Levanen G, Roisnel T, Dorcet V. Application of the Curtius rearrangement to the synthesis of 1′-aminoferrocene-1-carboxylic acid derivatives. NEW J CHEM 2018. [DOI: 10.1039/c7nj05020h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The shortest synthesis of N-protected 1′-aminoferrocene-1-carboxylic acid from readily available ferrocene-1,1′-dicarboxylic acid is reported.
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Affiliation(s)
- William Erb
- Univ Rennes
- CNRS
- ISCR (Institut des Sciences Chimiques de Rennes) – UMR 6226
- F-35000 Rennes
- France
| | - Gael Levanen
- Univ Rennes
- CNRS
- ISCR (Institut des Sciences Chimiques de Rennes) – UMR 6226
- F-35000 Rennes
- France
| | - Thierry Roisnel
- Univ Rennes
- CNRS
- ISCR (Institut des Sciences Chimiques de Rennes) – UMR 6226
- F-35000 Rennes
- France
| | - Vincent Dorcet
- Univ Rennes
- CNRS
- ISCR (Institut des Sciences Chimiques de Rennes) – UMR 6226
- F-35000 Rennes
- France
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8
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Valizadeh A, Sohrabi N, Badrzadeh F. Electrochemical detection of HIV-1 by nanomaterials. ARTIFICIAL CELLS NANOMEDICINE AND BIOTECHNOLOGY 2017; 45:1467-1477. [DOI: 10.1080/21691401.2017.1282494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Alireza Valizadeh
- Department of Medical Nanotechnology, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Students’ Scientific Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Nasrin Sohrabi
- Department of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Fariba Badrzadeh
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Faculty of Advanced Medical Sciences, University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
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9
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Albada B, Metzler-Nolte N. Organometallic–Peptide Bioconjugates: Synthetic Strategies and Medicinal Applications. Chem Rev 2016; 116:11797-11839. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.6b00166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 149] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Bauke Albada
- Laboratory of Organic Chemistry, Wageningen University & Research, Stippeneng 4, 6708 WE Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Nils Metzler-Nolte
- Inorganic
Chemistry I − Bioinorganic Chemistry, Ruhr University Bochum, Universitätsstrasse 150, 44780-D Bochum, Germany
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10
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Labib M, Sargent EH, Kelley SO. Electrochemical Methods for the Analysis of Clinically Relevant Biomolecules. Chem Rev 2016; 116:9001-90. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.6b00220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 555] [Impact Index Per Article: 69.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mahmoud Labib
- Department
of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3M2, Canada
| | | | - Shana O. Kelley
- Department
of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3M2, Canada
- Institute
of Biomaterials and Biomedical Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3G4, Canada
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11
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Daggumati P, Appelt S, Matharu Z, Marco ML, Seker E. Sequence-Specific Electrical Purification of Nucleic Acids with Nanoporous Gold Electrodes. J Am Chem Soc 2016; 138:7711-7. [PMID: 27244455 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.6b03563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Nucleic-acid-based biosensors have enabled rapid and sensitive detection of pathogenic targets; however, these devices often require purified nucleic acids for analysis since the constituents of complex biological fluids adversely affect sensor performance. This purification step is typically performed outside the device, thereby increasing sample-to-answer time and introducing contaminants. We report a novel approach using a multifunctional matrix, nanoporous gold (np-Au), which enables both detection of specific target sequences in a complex biological sample and their subsequent purification. The np-Au electrodes modified with 26-mer DNA probes (via thiol-gold chemistry) enabled sensitive detection and capture of complementary DNA targets in the presence of complex media (fetal bovine serum) and other interfering DNA fragments in the range of 50-1500 base pairs. Upon capture, the noncomplementary DNA fragments and serum constituents of varying sizes were washed away. Finally, the surface-bound DNA-DNA hybrids were released by electrochemically cleaving the thiol-gold linkage, and the hybrids were iontophoretically eluted from the nanoporous matrix. The optical and electrophoretic characterization of the analytes before and after the detection-purification process revealed that low target DNA concentrations (80 pg/μL) can be successfully detected in complex biological fluids and subsequently released to yield pure hybrids free of polydisperse digested DNA fragments and serum biomolecules. Taken together, this multifunctional platform is expected to enable seamless integration of detection and purification of nucleic acid biomarkers of pathogens and diseases in miniaturized diagnostic devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pallavi Daggumati
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering and ‡Department of Food Science & Technology, University of California , Davis, California 95616, United States
| | - Sandra Appelt
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering and ‡Department of Food Science & Technology, University of California , Davis, California 95616, United States
| | - Zimple Matharu
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering and ‡Department of Food Science & Technology, University of California , Davis, California 95616, United States
| | - Maria L Marco
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering and ‡Department of Food Science & Technology, University of California , Davis, California 95616, United States
| | - Erkin Seker
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering and ‡Department of Food Science & Technology, University of California , Davis, California 95616, United States
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12
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Labib M, Khan N, Berezovski MV. Protein electrocatalysis for direct sensing of circulating microRNAs. Anal Chem 2014; 87:1395-403. [PMID: 25495265 DOI: 10.1021/ac504331c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are potentially useful biomarkers for diagnosis, classification, and prognosis of many diseases, including cancer. Herein, we developed a protein-facilitated electrocatalytic quadroprobe sensor (Sens(PEQ)) for detection of miRNA signature of chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) in human serum. The developed signal-ON sensor provides a compatible combination of two DNA adaptor strands modified with four methylene blue molecules and electrocatalysis using glucose oxidase in order to enhance the overall signal gain. This enhanced sensitivity provided the response necessary to detect the low-abundant serum miRNAs without preamplification. The developed Sens(PEQ) is exquisitely sensitive to subtle π-stack perturbations and capable of distinguishing single base mismatches in the target miRNA. Furthermore, the developed sensor was employed for profiling of three endogenous miRNAs characteristic to CLL, including hsa-miR-16-5p, hsa-miR-21-5p, and hsa-miR-150-5p in normal healthy serum, chronic lymphocytic leukemia Rai stage 1 (CLL-1), and stage 3 (CLL-3) sera, using a non-human cel-miR-39-3p as an internal standard. The sensor results were verified by conventional SYBR green-based quantitative reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahmoud Labib
- Department of Chemistry, University of Ottawa , 10 Marie Curie, Ottawa, Ontario K1N 6N5, Canada
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13
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Electrochemical sensing of microRNAs: avenues and paradigms. Biosens Bioelectron 2014; 68:83-94. [PMID: 25562735 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2014.12.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2014] [Revised: 11/24/2014] [Accepted: 12/09/2014] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Twenty years has passed since the first discovery of microRNA (miRNA) lin-4 in Caenorhabditis elegans. Over the last two decades, the study of miRNAs has attracted tremendous attention. These new stars of biomarkers are naturally occurring non-coding RNAs that regulate gene expression posttranscriptionally and have been demonstrated to be dysregulated in many diseases. Since their profiles reflect pathological conditions, miRNAs have recently been proposed as biomarkers of the onset, prognosis and risk of diseases, as well as in the classification of different types of cancer. The establishment of miRNA profiles for diseases and the detection of different types and levels of miRNAs in biological samples are therefore critical milestones in diagnostics. This provides powerful impetus and a growing demand for researchers to develop simple analytical techniques to allow for an accurate, sensitive, selective, and cost effective miRNA analysis at point-of-care settings. Among several methods proposed for miRNA detection, electrochemical nucleic acid biosensors exhibit many attractive features and could play a leading role in future miRNA detection and quantification. This review gives an overview of recent advances in the rapidly growing area of electrochemical detection of miRNAs. The fundamentals of the different strategies adopted for miRNA detection are discussed and some examples of relevant approaches are highlighted, along with future prospects and challenges.
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14
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Koufaki M. Therapeutic applications of lipoic acid: a patent review (2011 – 2014). Expert Opin Ther Pat 2014; 24:993-1005. [DOI: 10.1517/13543776.2014.937425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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15
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Suaifan GARY, Shehadeh M, Al-Ijel H, Ng A, Zourob M. Recent progress in prostate-specific antigen and HIV proteases detection. Expert Rev Mol Diagn 2014; 13:707-18. [PMID: 24063398 DOI: 10.1586/14737159.2013.835576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Proteases mediate a wide variety of biological events and have a critical role in the development of many diseases. Protease detection methods can be hindered by the limitation of assay safety, sensitivity, specificity, time constraints and ease of on-site analysis. Notably, the implementation of various detection methods on biosensing platforms translates them into practical biosensing applications. Currently, the detection of prostate cancer and AIDS at the earliest occasion is one of the major research obstacles. Therefore, recent advances focus on the development of portable detection systems toward point-of-care testing. These detection systems should be highly sensitive and specific for the detection of their prognostic biomarkers, such as the prostate-specific antigen and HIV load assay for prostate cancer and AIDS, respectively. These methods will also facilitate decision-making on a treatment regimen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ghadeer A R Y Suaifan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, The University of Jordan, Amman 11942, Jordan
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16
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Wu H, Zuo Y, Cui C, Yang W, Ma H, Wang X. Rapid quantitative detection of Brucella melitensis by a label-free impedance immunosensor based on a gold nanoparticle-modified screen-printed carbon electrode. SENSORS 2013; 13:8551-63. [PMID: 23881126 PMCID: PMC3758610 DOI: 10.3390/s130708551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2013] [Revised: 06/21/2013] [Accepted: 06/21/2013] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
A rapid and simple method for quantitative monitoring of Brucella melitensis using electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) is reported for the first time. The label-free immunosensors were fabricated by immobilizing Brucella melitensis antibody on the surface of gold nanoparticle-modified screen-printed carbon electrodes (GNP-SPCEs). Cyclic voltammetry (CV) and EIS were used to characterize the Brucella melitensis antigen interaction on the surface of GNP-SPCEs with antibody. A general electronic equivalent model of an electrochemical cell was introduced for interpretation of the impedance components of the system. The results showed that the change in electron-transfer resistance (Rct) was significantly different due to the binding of Brucella melitensis cells. A linear relationship between the Rct variation and logarithmic value of the cell concentration was found from 4 × 104 to 4 × 106 CFU/mL in pure culture. The label-free impedance biosensor was able to detect as low as 1 × 104 and 4 × 105 CFU/mL of Brucella melitensis in pure culture and milk samples, respectively, in less than 1.5 h. Moreover, a good selectivity versus Escherichia coli O157:H7 and Staphylococcus aureus cells was obtained for our developed immunosensor demonstrating its specificity towards only Brucella melitensis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haiyun Wu
- College of Engineering, Shanxi Agriculture University, Taigu 030801, China; E-Mails: (H.W.); (W.Y.)
| | - Yueming Zuo
- College of Engineering, Shanxi Agriculture University, Taigu 030801, China; E-Mails: (H.W.); (W.Y.)
- Author to whom correspondence should be addressed; E-Mail: ; Tel.: +86-354-6288-400 (ext. 8305)
| | - Chuanjin Cui
- College of Electrical Engineering, Hebei United University, Tangshan 063009, China; E-Mail:
| | - Wei Yang
- College of Engineering, Shanxi Agriculture University, Taigu 030801, China; E-Mails: (H.W.); (W.Y.)
| | - Haili Ma
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Shanxi Agriculture University, Taigu 030801, China; E-Mail:
| | - Xiaowen Wang
- College of Food Science & Technology, Shanxi Agriculture University, Taigu 030801, China; E-Mail:
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Zhang XY, Zhou LY, Luo HQ, Li NB. A sensitive and label-free impedimetric biosensor based on an adjunct probe. Anal Chim Acta 2013; 776:11-6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2013.03.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2012] [Revised: 03/04/2013] [Accepted: 03/12/2013] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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18
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Labib M, Khan N, Ghobadloo SM, Cheng J, Pezacki JP, Berezovski MV. Three-mode electrochemical sensing of ultralow microRNA levels. J Am Chem Soc 2013; 135:3027-38. [PMID: 23362834 DOI: 10.1021/ja308216z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 178] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are an emerging class of biomarkers that are frequently deregulated in cancer cells and have shown great promise for cancer classification and prognosis. In this work, we developed a three-mode electrochemical sensor for detection and quantitation of ultralow levels of miRNAs in a wide dynamic range of measured concentrations. The sensor facilitates three detection modalities based on hybridization (H-SENS), p19 protein binding (P-SENS), and protein displacement (D-SENS). The combined three-mode sensor (HPD-SENS) identifies as low as 5 aM or 90 molecules of miRNA per 30 μL of sample without PCR amplification, and can be operated within the dynamic range from 10 aM to 1 μM. The HPD sensor is made on a commercially available gold nanoparticles-modified electrode and is suitable for analyzing multiple miRNAs on a single electrode. This three-mode sensor exhibits high selectivity and specificity and was used for sequential analysis of miR-32 and miR-122 on one electrode. In addition, the H-SENS can recognize miRNAs with different A/U and G/C content and distinguish between a fully matched miRNA and a miRNA comprising either a terminal or a middle single base mutation. Furthermore, the H- and P-SENS were successfully employed for direct detection and profiling of three endogenous miRNAs, including hsa-miR-21, hsa-miR-32, and hsa-miR-122 in human serum, and the sensor results were validated by qPCR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahmoud Labib
- Department of Chemistry, University of Ottawa, 10 Marie Curie, Ottawa, Ontario K1N 6N5, Canada
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19
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Labib M, Zamay AS, Berezovski MV. Multifunctional electrochemical aptasensor for aptamer clones screening, virus quantitation in blood and viability assessment. Analyst 2013; 138:1865-75. [PMID: 23381386 DOI: 10.1039/c3an36771a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A novel attempt was made to develop a disposable multifunctional sensor for analysis of vaccinia virus (VACV), a promising oncolytic agent that can replicate in and kill tumor cells. Briefly, we developed aptamers specific to VACV that were negatively selected against human serum as well as human and mouse blood to be further utilized for viral analysis directly in serum and blood. In addition, the aptamers were negatively selected against heat-inactivated VACV to enable them to distinguish between viable and nonviable virus particles. The selected aptamers were integrated onto an electrochemical aptasensor to perform multiple functions, including quantification of VACV, viability assessment of the virus, and estimation of the binding affinity between the virus and the developed aptamers. The aptasensor was fabricated by self-assembling a hybrid of a thiolated ssDNA primer and a VACV-specific aptamer onto a gold nanoparticles modified screen-printed carbon electrode (GNPs-SPCE). Square wave voltammetry was employed to quantify VACV in serum and blood within the range of 150-900 PFU, with a detection limit of 60 PFU in 30 μL. According to the electrochemical affinity measurements, three virus specific aptamer clones, V-2, V-5, and V-9 exhibited the highest affinity to VACV. Furthermore, flow cytometry was employed to estimate the dissociation constants of the clones which were found to be 26.3, 40.9, and 24.7 nM, respectively. Finally, the developed aptasensor was able to distinguish between the intact virus and the heat-inactivated virus thanks to the tailored selectivity of the aptamers that was achieved via negative selection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahmoud Labib
- Department of Chemistry, University of Ottawa, 10 Marie Curie, Ottawa, Ontario K1N 6N5, Canada
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20
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Labib M, Berezovski MV. Electrochemical aptasensors for microbial and viral pathogens. ADVANCES IN BIOCHEMICAL ENGINEERING/BIOTECHNOLOGY 2013; 140:155-81. [PMID: 23917779 DOI: 10.1007/10_2013_229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Aptamers are DNA and RNA oligonucleotides that can bind to a variety of nonnucleic acid targets with high affinity and specificity. Pathogen detection is a promising area in aptamer research. One of its major advantages is the ability of the aptamers to target and specifically differentiate microbial and viral strains without previous knowledge of the membrane-associated antigenic determinants or molecular biomarkers present in that particular microorganism. Electrochemical sensors emerged as a promising field in the area of aptamer research and pathogen detection. An electrochemical sensor is a device that combines a recognition element and an electrochemical transduction unit, where aptamers represent the latest addition to the large catalog of recognition elements. This chapter summarizes and evaluates recent developments of electrochemical aptamer-based sensors for microbial and viral pathogen detection, viability assessment of microorganisms, bacterial typing, identification of epitope-specific aptamers, affinity measurement between aptamers and their respective targets, and estimation of the degree of aptamer protection of oncolytic viruses for therapeutic purposes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahmoud Labib
- Department of Chemistry, University of Ottawa, 10 Marie Curie, Ottawa, ON K1N 6N5, Canada
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21
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Cheng MS, Toh CS. Novel biosensing methodologies for ultrasensitive detection of viruses. Analyst 2013; 138:6219-29. [DOI: 10.1039/c3an01394d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
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22
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Labib M, Zamay AS, Kolovskaya OS, Reshetneva IT, Zamay GS, Kibbee RJ, Sattar SA, Zamay TN, Berezovski MV. Aptamer-based viability impedimetric sensor for bacteria. Anal Chem 2012; 84:8966-9. [PMID: 23075417 DOI: 10.1021/ac302902s] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
The development of an aptamer-based viability impedimetric sensor for bacteria (AptaVISens-B) is presented. Highly specific DNA aptamers to live Salmonella typhimurium were selected via the cell-systematic evolution of ligands by exponential enrichment (SELEX) technique. Twelve rounds of selection were performed; each comprises a positive selection step against viable S. typhimurium and a negative selection step against heat killed S. typhimurium and a mixture of related pathogens, including Salmonella enteritidis, Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Citrobacter freundii to ensure the species specificity of the selected aptamers. The DNA sequence showing the highest binding affinity to the bacteria was further integrated into an impedimetric sensor via self-assembly onto a gold nanoparticle-modified screen-printed carbon electrode (GNP-SPCE). Remarkably, this aptasensor is highly selective and can successfully detect S. typhimurium down to 600 CFU mL(-1) (equivalent to 18 live cells in 30 μL of assay volume) and distinguish it from other Salmonella species, including S. enteritidis and S. choleraesuis. This report is envisaged to open a new venue for the aptamer-based viability sensing of a variety of microorganisms, particularly viable but nonculturable (VBNC) bacteria, using a rapid, economic, and label-free electrochemical platform.
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23
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Labib M, Zamay AS, Kolovskaya OS, Reshetneva IT, Zamay GS, Kibbee RJ, Sattar SA, Zamay TN, Berezovski MV. Aptamer-based impedimetric sensor for bacterial typing. Anal Chem 2012; 84:8114-7. [PMID: 22971146 DOI: 10.1021/ac302217u] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The development of an aptamer-based impedimetric sensor for typing of bacteria (AIST-B) is presented. Highly specific DNA aptamers to Salmonella enteritidis were selected via Cell-SELEX technique. Twelve rounds of selection were performed; each comprises a positive selection step against S. enteritidis and a negative selection step against a mixture of related pathogens, including Salmonella typhimurium, Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Citrobacter freundii, to ensure the species-specificity of the selected aptamers. After sequencing of the pool showing the highest binding affinity to S. enteritidis, a DNA sequence of high affinity to the bacteria was integrated into an impedimetric sensor via self-assembly onto a gold nanoparticles-modified screen-printed carbon electrode (GNPs-SPCE). Remarkably, this aptasensor is highly selective and can successfully detect S. enteritidis down to 600 CFU mL(-1) (equivalent to 18 CFU in 30 μL assay volume) in 10 min and distinguish it from other Salmonella species, including S. typhimurium and S. choleraesuis. This report is envisaged to open a new venue for the aptamer-based typing of a variety of microorganisms using a rapid, economic, and label-free electrochemical platform.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahmoud Labib
- Department of Chemistry, University of Ottawa, 10 Marie Curie, Ottawa, Ontario K1N 6N5, Canada
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24
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Larguinho M, Baptista PV. Gold and silver nanoparticles for clinical diagnostics — From genomics to proteomics. J Proteomics 2012; 75:2811-23. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jprot.2011.11.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 135] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2011] [Revised: 10/30/2011] [Accepted: 11/06/2011] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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25
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Khalili Najafabadi B, Hesari M, Workentin MS, Corrigan JF. New ferrocene based dithiolate ligands. J Organomet Chem 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jorganchem.2011.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
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26
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Labib M, Zamay AS, Muharemagic D, Chechik AV, Bell JC, Berezovski MV. Electrochemical differentiation of epitope-specific aptamers. Anal Chem 2012; 84:2548-56. [PMID: 22324738 DOI: 10.1021/ac300047c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
DNA aptamers are promising immunoshielding agents that could protect oncolytic viruses (OVs) from neutralizing antibodies (nAbs) and increase the efficiency of cancer treatment. In the present Article, we introduce a novel technology for electrochemical differentiation of epitope-specific aptamers (eDEA) without selecting aptamers against individual antigenic determinants. For this purpose, we selected DNA aptamers that can bind noncovalently to an intact oncolytic virus, vaccinia virus (VACV), which can selectively replicate in and kill only tumor cells. The aptamers were integrated as a recognition element into a multifunctional electrochemical aptasensor. The developed aptasensor was used for the linear quantification of the virus in the range of 500-3000 virus particles with a detection limit of 330 virions. Also, the aptasensor was employed to compare the binding affinities of aptamers to VACV and to estimate the degree of protection of VACV using the anti-L1R neutralizing antibody in a displacement assay fashion. Three anti-VACV aptamer clones, vac2, vac4, and vac6, showed the best immunoprotection results and can be applied for enhanced delivery of VACV. Another two sequences, vac5 and vac46, exhibited high affinities to VACV without shielding it from nAb and can be further utilized in sandwich bioassays.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahmoud Labib
- Department of Chemistry, University of Ottawa, 10 Marie Curie, Ottawa, Ontario K1N 6N5, Canada
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27
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Labib M, Zamay AS, Muharemagic D, Chechik AV, Bell JC, Berezovski MV. Aptamer-based viability impedimetric sensor for viruses. Anal Chem 2012; 84:1813-6. [PMID: 22303883 DOI: 10.1021/ac203412m] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The development of aptamer-based viability impedimetric sensor for viruses (AptaVISens-V) is presented. Highly specific DNA aptamers to intact vaccinia virus were selected using cell-SELEX technique and integrated into impedimetric sensors via self-assembly onto a gold microelectrode. Remarkably, this aptasensor is highly selective and can successfully detect viable vaccinia virus particles (down to 60 virions in a microliter) and distinguish them from nonviable viruses in a label-free electrochemical assay format. It also opens a new venue for the development of a variety of viability sensors for detection of many microorganisms and spores.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahmoud Labib
- Department of Chemistry, University of Ottawa, 10 Marie Curie, Ottawa, Ontario K1N 6N5, Canada
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28
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Labib M, Zamay AS, Muharemagic D, Chechik A, Bell JC, Berezovski MV. Electrochemical sensing of aptamer-facilitated virus immunoshielding. Anal Chem 2012; 84:1677-86. [PMID: 22242920 DOI: 10.1021/ac202978r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Oncolytic viruses (OVs) are promising therapeutics that selectively replicate in and kill tumor cells. However, repetitive administration of OVs provokes the generation of neutralizing antibodies (nAbs) that can diminish their anticancer effects. In this work, we selected DNA aptamers against an oncolytic virus, vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV), to protect it from nAbs. A label-free electrochemical aptasensor was used to evaluate the degree of protection (DoP). The aptasensor was fabricated by self-assembling a hybrid of a thiolated ssDNA primer and a VSV-specific aptamer. Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy was employed to quantitate VSV in the range of 800-2200 PFU and a detection limit of 600 PFU. The aptasensor was also utilized for evaluating binding affinities between VSV and aptamer pools/clones. An electrochemical displacement assay was performed in the presence of nAbs and DoP values were calculated for several VSV-aptamer pools/clones. A parallel flow cytometric analysis confirmed the electrochemical results. Finally, four VSV-specific aptamer clones, ZMYK-20, ZMYK-22, ZMYK-23, and ZMYK-28, showed the highest protective properties with dissociation constants of 17, 8, 20, and 13 nM, respectively. Another four sequences, ZMYK-1, -21, -25, and -29, exhibited high affinities to VSV without protecting it from nAbs and can be further utilized in sandwich assays. Thus, ZMYK-22, -23, and -28 have the potential to allow efficient delivery of VSV through the bloodstream without compromising the patient's immune system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahmoud Labib
- Department of Chemistry, University of Ottawa, 10 Marie Curie, Ottawa, Ontario K1N 6N5, Canada
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29
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Study on specific interaction of new ferrocene-substituted carborane conjugates with hemoglobin protein. Sci China Chem 2012. [DOI: 10.1007/s11426-011-4490-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
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30
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Sowole MA, Kraatz HB. Electrochemical detection of hepatitis C viral NS3-4A protease. Analyst 2012; 137:1120-4. [DOI: 10.1039/c2an15881g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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31
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Huy TQ, Hanh NTH, Thuy NT, Chung PV, Nga PT, Tuan MA. A novel biosensor based on serum antibody immobilization for rapid detection of viral antigens. Talanta 2011; 86:271-7. [PMID: 22063541 PMCID: PMC7111752 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2011.09.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2011] [Revised: 09/09/2011] [Accepted: 09/09/2011] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
In this paper, we represent a label-free biosensor based on immobilization of serum antibodies for rapid detection of viral antigens. Human serum containing specific antibodies against Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV) was immobilized on a silanized surface of an interdigitated sensor via protein A/glutaraldehyde for electrical detection of JEV antigens. The effective immobilization of serum antibodies on the sensor surface was verified by Fourier transform infrared spectrometry and fluorescence microscopy. The signal of the biosensor obtained by the differential voltage converted from the change into non-Faradic impedance resulting from the specific binding of JEV antigens on the surface of the sensor. The detection analyzed indicates that the detection range of this biosensor is 1-10 μg/ml JEV antigens, with a detection limit of 0.75 μg/ml and that stable signals are measured in about 20 min. This study presents a useful biosensor with a high selectivity for rapid and simple detection of JEV antigens, and it also proposes the biosensor as a future diagnostic tool for rapid and direct detection of viral antigens in clinical samples for preliminary pathogenic screenings in the case of possible outbreaks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tran Quang Huy
- National Institute of Hygiene and Epidemiology (NIHE), 1 Yersin Street, Hanoi, Viet Nam.
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