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Ianni F, Carotti A, Protti M, Favilli A, Gerli S, Furlanetto S, Mercolini L, Sardella R. Chiral high-performance liquid chromatography analysis of mono-, di-, and triacylglycerols with amylose- and cellulose-phenylcarbamate-based stationary phases. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2023; 236:115720. [PMID: 37729743 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2023.115720] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2023] [Revised: 08/22/2023] [Accepted: 09/12/2023] [Indexed: 09/22/2023]
Abstract
The ever-increasing technological advancement in the (ultra)high-performance liquid chromatography tandem (high-resolution) mass spectrometry platforms have largely contributed to steeply intensify the interest towards lipidomics research. However, mass spectrometers alone are unable to distinguish between enantiomers. This obstacle is especially evident in the case of glycerolipids analysis due the prochiral nature of glycerol. Until a couple of decades ago, the stereoselective analysis of triacylglycerols (TAGs) was performed on the end products generated either from their enzymatic or chemical hydrolysis, namely on mono- or diacyl-sn-glycerols (MAGs and DAGs, respectively). These were then mostly analyzed with Pirkle-type chiral stationary phases (CSPs) after dedicated multi-step derivatization procedures. One of the most significant drawbacks of these traditional methods for enantioselective TAGs analysis (actually of the produced MAGs and DAGs, often investigated as target species per se) was the difficulty to totally abolish the migration of fatty acyls between glycerol positions. This made difficult to control and keep unaltered the stereochemistry of the original molecules. Over the last two decades, it has been widely demonstrated that the enantioselective analysis of intact TAGs as well as of non-derivatized MAGs and DAGs can be efficiently obtained using polysaccharide-based CSPs incorporating either amylose- or cellulose-phenylcarbamate derivatives chiral selectors. In this paper, the enantioselective methods developed with these CSPs for the enantioselective direct LC analysis of MAGs, DAGs and TAGs embedding different types of fatty acid residues are comprehensively reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Federica Ianni
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Perugia, Via Fabretti 48, 06123 Perugia, Italy
| | - Andrea Carotti
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Perugia, Via Fabretti 48, 06123 Perugia, Italy
| | - Michele Protti
- Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology (FaBiT), Alma Mater Studiorum - University of Bologna, Via Belmeloro 6, 40126 Bologna, Italy
| | - Alessandro Favilli
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Perugia, Piazzale Gambuli 1, 06132 Perugia, Italy
| | - Sandro Gerli
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Perugia, Piazzale Gambuli 1, 06132 Perugia, Italy; Center for Perinatal and Reproductive Medicine, University of Perugia, Santa Maria della Misericordia University Hospital, 06132 Perugia, Italy
| | - Sandra Furlanetto
- Department of Chemistry "U. Schiff", University of Florence, Via U. Schiff 6, 50019 Florence, Italy
| | - Laura Mercolini
- Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology (FaBiT), Alma Mater Studiorum - University of Bologna, Via Belmeloro 6, 40126 Bologna, Italy.
| | - Roccaldo Sardella
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Perugia, Via Fabretti 48, 06123 Perugia, Italy; Center for Perinatal and Reproductive Medicine, University of Perugia, Santa Maria della Misericordia University Hospital, 06132 Perugia, Italy.
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2
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Dobó M, Ádám M, Fiser B, Papp LA, Dombi G, Sekkoum K, Szabó ZI, Tóth G. Enantioseparation and molecular docking study of selected chiral pharmaceuticals on a commercialized phenylcarbamate-β-cyclodextrin column using polar organic mode. Sci Rep 2023; 13:14778. [PMID: 37679395 PMCID: PMC10485059 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-41941-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2023] [Accepted: 09/04/2023] [Indexed: 09/09/2023] Open
Abstract
The chiral separation capability of Chiral-CD-Ph column, containing phenylcarbamate-β-cyclodextrin as the chiral selector in polar organic mode was investigated. A total of twenty-five compounds with different structures and acid-base properties were evaluated, and twenty of them were separated using acetonitrile or methanol as eluent. The effects of various chromatographic parameters, such as the type and proportion of organic modifier, flow rate, and column temperature were analyzed in detail in relation to chromatographic performance. A U-shape retention curve was observed when a mixture of acetonitrile and methanol was used as the eluent, indicating different types of interactions in different solvent mixtures. Van 't Hoff analysis was used for calculation of thermodynamic parameters which revealed that the enantioseparation is mainly enthalpy controlled; however, entropic control was also observed. The enantiomer recognition ability at the atomic level was also investigated through a molecular docking study, which revealed surface binding in polar organic mode instead of inclusion complexation. Our work proves that the phenylcarbamate-β-cyclodextrin-based chiral stationary phase can be effectively used in polar organic mode for the chiral separation of structurally diverse compounds. Furthermore, it is important to note that our study demonstrated that surface binding is responsible for the formation of supramolecular complexes in certain cyclodextrin derivatives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Máté Dobó
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Semmelweis University, Hőgyes E. u. 9, 1092, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Márk Ádám
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Semmelweis University, Hőgyes E. u. 9, 1092, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Béla Fiser
- Higher Education and Industrial Cooperation Centre, University of Miskolc, Egyetemváros, 3515, Miskolc, Hungary
- Ferenc Rakoczi II Transcarpathian Hungarian College of Higher Education, Beregszász, Transcarpathia, Ukraine
- Department of Physical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Lodz, 90-149, Łódź, Poland
| | - Lajos Attila Papp
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Therapeutic Chemistry, George Emil Palade University of Medicine, Pharmacy, Science and Technology of Târgu Mures, Târgu Mureş, Romania
| | - Gergely Dombi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Semmelweis University, Hőgyes E. u. 9, 1092, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Khaled Sekkoum
- Bioactive Molecules and Chiral Separation Laboratory, Faculty of Exacte Sciences, University Tahri Mohamed of Bechar, PO Box 417, 08000, Bechar, Algeria
| | - Zoltán-István Szabó
- Department of Drugs Industry and Pharmaceutical Management, George Emil Palade University of Medicine, Pharmacy, Science and Technology of Târgu Mures, Târgu Mureş, Romania
- Sz-Imfidum Ltd., 525401, Lunga, Romania
| | - Gergő Tóth
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Semmelweis University, Hőgyes E. u. 9, 1092, Budapest, Hungary.
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Luo Y, Zhang H, Su M, Tang Q, Xu J, Yu W. Effects of mobile phase composition on key parameters for the design of preparative chromatography separation of equol enantiomers. Sep Purif Technol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.seppur.2022.120645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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4
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Varfaj I, Protti M, Cirrincione M, Carotti A, Mercolini L, Sardella R. Original enantioseparation of illicit fentanyls with cellulose-based chiral stationary phases under polar-ionic conditions. J Chromatogr A 2021; 1643:462088. [PMID: 33784502 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2021.462088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2021] [Revised: 03/16/2021] [Accepted: 03/19/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Fentanyl analogues used in therapy and a range of highly potent non-pharmaceutical fentanyl derivatives are subject to international control, as the latter are increasingly being synthesized illicitly and sold as 'synthetic heroin', or mixed with heroin. A significant number of hospitalizations and deaths have been reported in the EU and USA following the use of illicitly synthesized fentanyl derivatives. It has been unequivocally demonstrated that the enantiomers of fentanyl derivatives exhibit different pharmaco-toxicological profiles, which makes crucial to avail of suitable analytical methods enabling investigations at a "stereochemical level". Chromatographic methods useful to discriminate the enantioseparation of fentanyls and their derivatives are still missing in the literature. This is the first study in which the enantioseparation of four fentanyl derivatives, that is, (±)-trans-3-methyl norfentanyl, (±)-cis-3-methyl norfentanyl, β-hydroxyfentanyl, and β-hydroxythiofentanyl, has been obtained under polar-ionic conditions. Indeed, the use of ACN-based mobile phases with minor amounts of either 2-propanol or ethanol (plus diethylamine and formic acid as ionic additives) allowed obtaining enantioseparation and enantioresolution factors up to 1.83 and 7.02, respectively. For the study, the two chiral stationary phases cellulose tris(3-chloro-4-methylphenylcarbamate) and cellulose tris(4-chloro-3-methylphenylcarbamate) were used, displaying a remarkably different performance towards the enantioseparation of (±)-cis-3-methyl norfentanyl. Chiral LC analyses with a high-resolution mass spectrometry detector were also carried out in order to confirm the obtained data and demonstrate the suitability and compatibility of the optimized mobile phases with mass spectrometric systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ina Varfaj
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Perugia, Via Fabretti 48, 06123 Perugia, Italy
| | - Michele Protti
- Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology (FaBiT), Alma Mater Studiorum, University of Bologna, Via Belmeloro 6, 40126 Bologna
| | - Marco Cirrincione
- Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology (FaBiT), Alma Mater Studiorum, University of Bologna, Via Belmeloro 6, 40126 Bologna
| | - Andrea Carotti
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Perugia, Via Fabretti 48, 06123 Perugia, Italy
| | - Laura Mercolini
- Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology (FaBiT), Alma Mater Studiorum, University of Bologna, Via Belmeloro 6, 40126 Bologna.
| | - Roccaldo Sardella
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Perugia, Via Fabretti 48, 06123 Perugia, Italy; Center for Perinatal and Reproductive Medicine, University of Perugia, Santa Maria della Misericordia University Hospital, 06132 Perugia, Italy.
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Asiri YI, Alsayari A, Muhsinah AB, Mabkhot YN, Hassan MZ. Benzothiazoles as potential antiviral agents. J Pharm Pharmacol 2020; 72:1459-1480. [PMID: 32705690 PMCID: PMC7405065 DOI: 10.1111/jphp.13331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2020] [Revised: 06/03/2020] [Accepted: 06/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The recent viral pandemic poses a unique challenge for healthcare providers. Despite the remarkable progress, the number of novel antiviral agents in the pipeline is woefully inadequate against the evolving virulence and drug resistance of current viruses. This highlights the urgent need for new and improved vaccines, diagnostics and therapeutic agents to obviate the viral pandemic. KEY FINDINGS Benzothiazole plays a pivotal role in the design and development of antiviral drugs. This is evident from the fact that it comprises many clinically useful agents. The current review is aimed to provide an insight into the recent development of benzothiazole-based antiviral agents, with a special focus on their structure-activity relationships and lead optimisation. One hundred and five articles were initially identified, and from these studies, 64 potential novel lead molecules and main findings were highlighted in this review. SUMMARY We hope this review will provide a logical perspective on the importance of improving the future designs of novel broad-spectrum benzothiazole-based antiviral agents to be used against emerging viral diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yahya I Asiri
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, King Khalid University, Abha, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdulrhman Alsayari
- Department of Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, King Khalid University, Abha, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdullatif B Muhsinah
- Department of Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, King Khalid University, Abha, Saudi Arabia
| | - Yahia N Mabkhot
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, King Khalid University, Abha, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohd Z Hassan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, King Khalid University, Abha, Saudi Arabia
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6
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Ianni F, Carotti A, Intagliata S, Macchiarulo A, Chankvetadze B, Pittalà V, Sardella R. Laboratory-Scale Semipreparative Enantioresolution of Phenylethanolic-Azole Heme Oxygenase-1 Inhibitors. Chromatographia 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s10337-020-03972-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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7
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Zhang M, Bi Z, Wang Y, Zhao Y, Yang Y, Zhu Y, Wang S. A practical synthesis of 3-chloro-2,4-difluoro-5-hydroxybenzoic acid. JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL RESEARCH 2020. [DOI: 10.1177/1747519820932259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
A new and practical synthesis of 3-chloro-2,4-difluoro-5-hydroxybenzoic acid, a key intermediate for preparing antimicrobial 3-quinolinecarboxylic acid drugs, is synthesized from 2,4-difluoro-3-chlororobenzoic acid. The protocol involves nitration, esterification, reduction of NO2, diazotization, and hydrolysis with a 70% overall yield. The structures of the synthesized compounds are determined by infrared spectroscopy, nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, and high-resolution electrospray ionization mass spectrometry. The advantages of this developed synthetic strategy include an improved overall yield and readily controllable reaction conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingguang Zhang
- College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, People’s Republic of China
- Jiangsu Chia Tai Fenghai Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd, Nanjing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zhongbao Bi
- Jiangsu Chia Tai Fenghai Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd, Nanjing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yunyun Wang
- College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yuxun Zhao
- College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yang Yang
- Jiangsu Chia Tai Fenghai Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd, Nanjing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yongqiang Zhu
- Jiangsu Chia Tai Fenghai Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd, Nanjing, People’s Republic of China
- College of Life Science, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Shifa Wang
- College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, People’s Republic of China
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8
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Cheng L, Cai J, Fu Q, Ke Y. Enantiomeric analysis of simendan on polysaccharide‐based stationary phases by polar organic solvent chromatography. J Sep Sci 2020; 43:2097-2104. [DOI: 10.1002/jssc.201901080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2019] [Revised: 03/01/2020] [Accepted: 03/02/2020] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Lingping Cheng
- Engineering Research Center of Pharmaceutical Process ChemistryEast China University of Science and Technology Shanghai P. R. China
| | - Jianfeng Cai
- Engineering Research Center of Pharmaceutical Process ChemistryEast China University of Science and Technology Shanghai P. R. China
| | - Qing Fu
- Engineering Research Center of Pharmaceutical Process ChemistryEast China University of Science and Technology Shanghai P. R. China
| | - Yanxiong Ke
- Engineering Research Center of Pharmaceutical Process ChemistryEast China University of Science and Technology Shanghai P. R. China
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9
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Floresta G, Carotti A, Ianni F, Sorrenti V, Intagliata S, Rescifina A, Salerno L, Di Michele A, Sardella R, Pittalà V. Chromatograpic resolution of phenylethanolic-azole racemic compounds highlighted stereoselective inhibition of heme oxygenase-1 by (R)-enantiomers. Bioorg Chem 2020; 99:103777. [PMID: 32222619 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2020.103777] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2020] [Revised: 03/13/2020] [Accepted: 03/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) has been recognized as extensively involved in the development and aggravation of cancer, cell propagation and at in the mechanism of chemoresistance development. Low micromolar HO-1 inhibitors selective towards HO-2 has been recently reported, wherein the azole core and the hydrophobic residues are linked through a phenylethanolic spacer bearing a chiral center. Since less information are known about the stereoselective requirements for HO-1 inhibition, here we report the enantiomeric resolution of 1-(biphenyl-3-yl)-2-(1H-imidazol-1-yl)ethanol (1) and 1-[4-[(4-bromobenzyl)oxy]phenyl]-2-(1H-imidazol-1-yl)ethanol (2), two among the most potent and selective HO-1 inhibitors known thus far when tested as racemates. The absolute configuration was established for 1 by a combination of experimental and in silico derived electronic circular dichroism spectra, while docking approaches were useful in the case of compound 2. Biological evaluation of pure enantiomers highlighted higher HO-1 inhibitory activity of (R)-enantiomers. Docking studies demonstrated the importance of hydrogen bond interaction, more pronounced for the (R)-enantiomers, with a consensus water molecule within the binding pocket. The present study demonstrates that differences in three-dimensional structure amongst compounds 1 and 2 enantiomers affect significantly the selectivity of these HO-1 inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giuseppe Floresta
- Department of Drug Sciences, University of Catania, V.le A. Doria 6, 95125 Catania, Italy; Institute of Pharmaceutical Science, King's College London, Stamford Street, London SE1 9NH, UK
| | - Andrea Carotti
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Perugia, Via Fabretti 48, 06123 Perugia, Italy
| | - Federica Ianni
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Perugia, Via Fabretti 48, 06123 Perugia, Italy
| | - Valeria Sorrenti
- Department of Drug Sciences, University of Catania, V.le A. Doria 6, 95125 Catania, Italy
| | - Sebastiano Intagliata
- Department of Drug Sciences, University of Catania, V.le A. Doria 6, 95125 Catania, Italy
| | - Antonio Rescifina
- Department of Drug Sciences, University of Catania, V.le A. Doria 6, 95125 Catania, Italy; Consorzio Interuniversitario Nazionale di ricerca in Metodologie e Processi Innovativi di Sintesi (C.I.N.M.P.S.), Via E. Orabona, 4, 70125 Bari, Italy
| | - Loredana Salerno
- Department of Drug Sciences, University of Catania, V.le A. Doria 6, 95125 Catania, Italy
| | - Alessandro Di Michele
- Department of Physics and Geology, University of Perugia, Via Pascoli 1, 06123 Perugia, Italy
| | - Roccaldo Sardella
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Perugia, Via Fabretti 48, 06123 Perugia, Italy.
| | - Valeria Pittalà
- Department of Drug Sciences, University of Catania, V.le A. Doria 6, 95125 Catania, Italy.
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Cerra B, Macchiarulo A, Carotti A, Camaioni E, Varfaj I, Sardella R, Gioiello A. Enantioselective HPLC Analysis to Assist the Chemical Exploration of Chiral Imidazolines. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25030640. [PMID: 32024219 PMCID: PMC7036806 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25030640] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2019] [Revised: 01/28/2020] [Accepted: 01/29/2020] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
In the present work, we illustrate the ability of high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) analysis to assist the synthesis of chiral imidazolines within our medicinal chemistry programs. In particular, a Chiralpak® IB® column containing cellulose tris(3,5-dimethylphenylcarbamate) immobilized onto a 5 μm silica gel was used for the enantioselective HPLC analysis of chiral imidazolines synthesized in the frame of hit-to-lead explorations and designed for exploring the effect of diverse amide substitutions. Very profitably, reversed-phase (RP) conditions succeeded in resolving the enantiomers in nine out of the 10 investigated enantiomeric pairs, with α values always higher than 1.10 and RS values up to 2.31. All compounds were analysed with 50% (v) water while varying the content of the two organic modifiers acetonitrile and methanol. All the employed eluent systems were buffered with 40 mM ammonium acetate while the apparent pH was fixed at 7.5. Based on the experimental results, the prominent role of π-π stacking interactions between the substituted electron-rich phenyl groups outside of the polymeric selector and the complementary aromatic region in defining analyte retention and stereodiscrimination was identified. The importance of compound polarity in explaining the retention behaviour with the employed RP system was readily evident when a quantitative structure-property relationship study was performed on the retention factor values (k) of the 10 compounds, as computed with a 30% (v) methanol containing mobile phase. Indeed, good Pearson correlation coefficients of retention factors (r - log k1st = −0.93; r - log k2nd = −0.94) were obtained with a water solubility descriptor (Ali-logS). Interestingly, a n-hexane/chloroform/ethanol (88:10:2, v/v/v)-based non-standard mobile phase allowed the almost base-line enantioseparation (α = 1.06; RS = 1.26) of the unique compound undiscriminated under RP conditions.
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11
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Ianni F, Saluti G, Galarini R, Fiorito S, Sardella R, Natalini B. Enantioselective high-performance liquid chromatography analysis of oxygenated polyunsaturated fatty acids. Free Radic Biol Med 2019; 144:35-54. [PMID: 31055130 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2019.04.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2019] [Revised: 04/11/2019] [Accepted: 04/29/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Oxygenated polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs)play an outstanding role in the physiological and pathological regulation of several biological processes. These oxygenated metabolites can be produced both enzimatically, yielding almost pure enantiomers, and non-enzymatically. The free radical-mediated non-enzymatic oxidation commonly produces racemic mixtures which are used as biomarkers of oxidative stress and tissue damage. The biological activity of oxygenated PUFAs is often associated with only one enantiomer, making it necessary of availing of lipidomics platforms allowing to disclose the role of single enantiomers in health and disease. Polysaccharide-based chiral stationary phases (CSPs) play a dominating part in this setting. As for the cellulose backbone, 4-methylbenzoate derivatives exhibit very high chiral recognition ability towards this class of compounds. Concerning the phenylcarbamate derivatives of cellulose and amylose, the tris(3,5-dimethylphenylcarbamate) variants show the best enantioresolving ability for a variety of oxygenated PUFAs. Moreover, also the amylose tris(5-chloro-2-methylphenylcarbamate)-based selector produces relevant chromatographic performances. The extreme versatility of those CSPs mostly depends on their compatibility with the most relevant elution modes: normal- and reversed-phase, as well as polar organic/ionic-mode. In this review article, a selection of enantioseparation studies of different oxygenated PUFAs is reported, with both tris(benzoates) and tris(phenylcarbamates) of cellulose and amylose.
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Affiliation(s)
- Federica Ianni
- University of Perugia, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Via Fabretti 48, 06123 Perugia, Italy
| | - Giorgio Saluti
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale dell'Umbria e delle Marche "Togo Rosati", Via G. Salvemini 1, 06126 Perugia, Italy
| | - Roberta Galarini
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale dell'Umbria e delle Marche "Togo Rosati", Via G. Salvemini 1, 06126 Perugia, Italy
| | - Serena Fiorito
- University "G. d'Annunzio" of Chieti-Pescara, Department of Pharmacy, Via dei Vestini 31, 66100 Chieti Scalo, Italy
| | - Roccaldo Sardella
- University of Perugia, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Via Fabretti 48, 06123 Perugia, Italy.
| | - Benedetto Natalini
- University of Perugia, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Via Fabretti 48, 06123 Perugia, Italy
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12
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Application of the “inverted chirality columns approach” for the monitoring of asymmetric synthesis protocols. Talanta 2019; 203:147-152. [DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2019.05.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2019] [Revised: 05/06/2019] [Accepted: 05/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
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13
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Wang R, Xu K, Shi W. Quinolone derivatives: Potential anti‐HIV agent—development and application. Arch Pharm (Weinheim) 2019; 352:e1900045. [DOI: 10.1002/ardp.201900045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2019] [Revised: 04/28/2019] [Accepted: 05/01/2019] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Ruo Wang
- College of ChemistryFuzhou University Fuzhou Fujian People's Republic of China
| | - Kai Xu
- College of ChemistryFuzhou University Fuzhou Fujian People's Republic of China
| | - Weixiong Shi
- College of ChemistryFuzhou University Fuzhou Fujian People's Republic of China
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Li S, Hu L, Li J, Zhu J, Zeng F, Huang Q, Qiu L, Du R, Cao R. Design, synthesis, structure-activity relationships and mechanism of action of new quinoline derivatives as potential antitumor agents. Eur J Med Chem 2019; 162:666-678. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2018.11.048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2018] [Revised: 11/18/2018] [Accepted: 11/20/2018] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
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15
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Palomba T, Ciancaleoni G, Del Giacco T, Germani R, Ianni F, Tiecco M. Deep Eutectic Solvents formed by chiral components as chiral reaction media and studies of their structural properties. J Mol Liq 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molliq.2018.04.096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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16
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Zhang Z, Xiao X, Su T, Wu J, Ren J, Zhu J, Zhang X, Cao R, Du R. Synthesis, structure-activity relationships and preliminary mechanism of action of novel water-soluble 4-quinolone-3-carboxamides as antiproliferative agents. Eur J Med Chem 2017; 140:239-251. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2017.09.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2017] [Revised: 09/08/2017] [Accepted: 09/11/2017] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Sardella R, Ianni F, Di Michele A, Di Capua A, Carotti A, Anzini M, Natalini B. Enantioresolution and stereochemical characterization of two chiral sulfoxides endowed with COX-2 inhibitory activity. Chirality 2017; 29:536-540. [DOI: 10.1002/chir.22724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2017] [Revised: 05/08/2017] [Accepted: 06/02/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Roccaldo Sardella
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences; University of Perugia; Perugia Italy
| | - Federica Ianni
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences; University of Perugia; Perugia Italy
| | | | - Angela Di Capua
- Department of Biotechnology, Chemistry and Pharmacy; University of Siena; Siena Italy
- Griffith Institute for Drug Discovery; Griffith University; Nathan Queensland Australia
| | - Andrea Carotti
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences; University of Perugia; Perugia Italy
| | - Maurizio Anzini
- Department of Biotechnology, Chemistry and Pharmacy; University of Siena; Siena Italy
| | - Benedetto Natalini
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences; University of Perugia; Perugia Italy
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18
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Ali I, Suhail M, Asnin L. Chiral separation of quinolones by liquid chromatography and capillary electrophoresis. J Sep Sci 2017; 40:2863-2882. [PMID: 28510993 DOI: 10.1002/jssc.201700200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2017] [Revised: 05/02/2017] [Accepted: 05/02/2017] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
The quinolones are derivatives of oxoquinolines and mostly known for their antibacterial and antiviral activities. Many quinolones are chiral compounds having asymmetric centers and important due to their enantioselective biological activities. In order to study the biological activities of quinolone enantiomers, to control the manufacturing of homochiral drugs and to prepare necessary quantities of pure enantiomers for preclinical or clinical trials, respective chiral separation methods are urgently needed. In this context, the present review discusses chromatographic and electrophoretic methods for the enantioseparation of chiral quinolones and provides some useful information on their physical and pharmaceutical properties. The drawbacks of currently used techniques are revealed and ways to overcome them are outlined. Moreover, recommendations for an optimal choice of a separation protocol are given.
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Affiliation(s)
- Imran Ali
- Department of Chemistry, Jamia Millia Islamia (Central University), New Delhi, India
| | - Mohd Suhail
- Department of Chemistry, Jamia Millia Islamia (Central University), New Delhi, India
| | - Leonid Asnin
- Perm National Research Polytechnic University, Perm, Russia
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19
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Sancineto L, Iraci N, Barreca ML, Massari S, Manfroni G, Corazza G, Cecchetti V, Marcello A, Daelemans D, Pannecouque C, Tabarrini O. Exploiting the anti-HIV 6-desfluoroquinolones to design multiple ligands. Bioorg Med Chem 2014; 22:4658-66. [PMID: 25127466 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2014.07.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2014] [Revised: 07/10/2014] [Accepted: 07/14/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
It is getting clearer that many drugs effective in different therapeutic areas act on multiple rather than single targets. The application of polypharmacology concepts might have numerous advantages especially for disease such as HIV/AIDS, where the rapid emergence of resistance requires a complex combination of more than one drug. In this paper, we have designed three hybrid molecules combining WM5, a quinolone derivative we previously identified as HIV Tat-mediated transcription (TMT) inhibitor, with the tricyclic core of nevirapine and BILR 355BS (BILR) non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NNRTIs) to investigate whether it could be possible to obtain molecules acting on both transcription steps of the HIV replicative cycle. One among the three designed multiple ligands, reached this goal. Indeed, compound 1 inhibited both TMT and reverse transcriptase (RT) activity. Unexpectedly, while the anti-TMT activity exerted by compound 1 resulted into a selective inhibition of HIV-1 reactivation from latently infected OM10.1 cells, the anti-RT properties shown by all of the synthesized compounds did not translate into an anti-HIV activity in acutely infected cells. Thus, we have herein produced the proof of concept that the design of dual TMT-RT inhibitors is indeed possible, but optimization efforts are needed to obtain more potent derivatives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luca Sancineto
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Perugia, Via del Liceo 1, 06123 Perugia, Italy
| | - Nunzio Iraci
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Perugia, Via del Liceo 1, 06123 Perugia, Italy
| | - Maria Letizia Barreca
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Perugia, Via del Liceo 1, 06123 Perugia, Italy
| | - Serena Massari
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Perugia, Via del Liceo 1, 06123 Perugia, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Manfroni
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Perugia, Via del Liceo 1, 06123 Perugia, Italy
| | - Gianmarco Corazza
- Laboratory of Molecular Virology, International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (ICGEB), Padriciano 99, 34149 Trieste, Italy
| | - Violetta Cecchetti
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Perugia, Via del Liceo 1, 06123 Perugia, Italy
| | - Alessandro Marcello
- Laboratory of Molecular Virology, International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (ICGEB), Padriciano 99, 34149 Trieste, Italy
| | - Dirk Daelemans
- Rega Institute for Medical Research, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, B-3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Christophe Pannecouque
- Rega Institute for Medical Research, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, B-3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Oriana Tabarrini
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Perugia, Via del Liceo 1, 06123 Perugia, Italy.
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20
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Donalisio M, Massari S, Argenziano M, Manfroni G, Cagno V, Civra A, Sabatini S, Cecchetti V, Loregian A, Cavalli R, Lembo D, Tabarrini O. Ethyl 1,8-Naphthyridone-3-carboxylates Downregulate Human Papillomavirus-16 E6 and E7 Oncogene Expression. J Med Chem 2014; 57:5649-63. [DOI: 10.1021/jm500340h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Manuela Donalisio
- Department
of Clinical and Biological Sciences, University of Torino, 10043 Orbassano, Torino, Italy
| | - Serena Massari
- Department
of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Perugia, 06123 Perugia, Italy
| | - Monica Argenziano
- Department
of Drug Science and Technology, University of Torino, 10125 Torino, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Manfroni
- Department
of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Perugia, 06123 Perugia, Italy
| | - Valeria Cagno
- Department
of Clinical and Biological Sciences, University of Torino, 10043 Orbassano, Torino, Italy
| | - Andrea Civra
- Department
of Clinical and Biological Sciences, University of Torino, 10043 Orbassano, Torino, Italy
| | - Stefano Sabatini
- Department
of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Perugia, 06123 Perugia, Italy
| | - Violetta Cecchetti
- Department
of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Perugia, 06123 Perugia, Italy
| | - Arianna Loregian
- Department
of Molecular Medicine, University of Padova, 35121 Padova, Italy
| | - Roberta Cavalli
- Department
of Drug Science and Technology, University of Torino, 10125 Torino, Italy
| | - David Lembo
- Department
of Clinical and Biological Sciences, University of Torino, 10043 Orbassano, Torino, Italy
| | - Oriana Tabarrini
- Department
of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Perugia, 06123 Perugia, Italy
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21
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Enantioresolution, stereochemical characterization and biological activity of a chiral large-conductance calcium-activated potassium channel opener. J Chromatogr A 2014; 1363:162-8. [PMID: 24973806 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2014.06.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2014] [Revised: 06/04/2014] [Accepted: 06/04/2014] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
A number of large-conductance calcium-activated potassium (BK) channel openers based on the 2-aryl-1,4-benzothiazine scaffold were previously synthesized, and 2-(5-bromo-2-methoxyphenyl)-6-trifluoromethyl-2H-1,4-benzothiazin-3(4H)-one (1) was identified as the most active compound. Since a stereoselective activation of BK channels was demonstrated for arylindolone derivatives, the effect of the absolute configuration at the C-2 position on the vasorelaxing potency of 2-aryl-1,4-benzothiazines is investigated in this article. Compound 1 was initially evaluated as a racemate: subsequently, the "racemic approach" was used to isolate its enantiomers. The excellent enantioresolution obtained using the Sepapak-4 column (CSP 4, cellulose tris(4-chloro-3-metylphenylcarbamate); RS=8.36; α=2.03) allowed to collect highly pure enantiomeric fractions, with enantiomeric excess (e.e.) values higher than 97% and 98% for the first- and second-eluted enantiomer, respectively. Electronic circular dichroism (ECD) studies on the two isolated enantiomers, combined with time-dependent density functional theory (TD-DFT) calculations allowed to characterize the configuration of the enantiomers and determine a (R), (S) elution order. Results from biological assays indicated that the racemate and the isolated enantiomers are endowed with comparable vasorelaxing potency.
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Sardella R, Levent S, Ianni F, Çalişkan B, Gerstmeier J, Pergola C, Werz O, Banoglu E, Natalini B. Chromatographic separation and biological evaluation of benzimidazole derivative enantiomers as inhibitors of leukotriene biosynthesis. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2014; 89:88-92. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2013.10.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2013] [Accepted: 10/23/2013] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Sardella R, Ianni F, Lisanti A, Marinozzi M, Scorzoni S, Natalini B. The effect of mobile phase composition in the enantioseparation of pharmaceutically relevant compounds with polysaccharide-based stationary phases. Biomed Chromatogr 2013; 28:159-67. [DOI: 10.1002/bmc.3015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2013] [Revised: 07/08/2013] [Accepted: 07/08/2013] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Roccaldo Sardella
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Tecnologia del Farmaco; Via del Liceo 1 06123 Perugia Italy
| | - Federica Ianni
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Tecnologia del Farmaco; Via del Liceo 1 06123 Perugia Italy
| | - Antonella Lisanti
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Tecnologia del Farmaco; Via del Liceo 1 06123 Perugia Italy
| | - Maura Marinozzi
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Tecnologia del Farmaco; Via del Liceo 1 06123 Perugia Italy
| | - Stefania Scorzoni
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Tecnologia del Farmaco; Via del Liceo 1 06123 Perugia Italy
| | - Benedetto Natalini
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Tecnologia del Farmaco; Via del Liceo 1 06123 Perugia Italy
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24
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Asymmetric synthesis of the four diastereoisomers of a novel non-steroidal farnesoid X receptor (FXR) agonist: Role of the chirality on the biological activity. Bioorg Med Chem 2013; 21:3780-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2013.04.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2013] [Revised: 04/09/2013] [Accepted: 04/10/2013] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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25
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Massari S, Mercorelli B, Sancineto L, Sabatini S, Cecchetti V, Gribaudo G, Palù G, Pannecouque C, Loregian A, Tabarrini O. Design, synthesis, and evaluation of WC5 analogues as inhibitors of human cytomegalovirus Immediate-Early 2 protein, a promising target for anti-HCMV treatment. ChemMedChem 2013; 8:1403-14. [PMID: 23757191 DOI: 10.1002/cmdc.201300106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2013] [Revised: 05/16/2013] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Although human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) infection is mostly asymptomatic for immunocompetent individuals, it remains a serious threat for those who are immunocompromised, in whom it is associated with various clinical manifestations. The therapeutic utility of the few available anti-HCMV drugs is limited by several drawbacks, including cross-resistance due to their common mechanism of action, i.e., inhibition of viral DNA polymerase. Therefore, compounds that target other essential viral events could overcome this problem. One example of this is the 6-aminoquinolone WC5, which acts by directly blocking the transactivation of essential viral Early genes by the Immediate-Early 2 (IE2) protein. In this study, the quinolone scaffold of the lead compound WC5 was investigated in depth, defining more suitable substituents for each of the scaffold positions explored and identifying novel, potent and nontoxic compounds. Some compounds showed potent anti-HCMV activity by interfering with IE2-dependent viral E gene expression. Among them, naphthyridone 1 was also endowed with potent anti-HIV activity in latently infected cells. Their antiviral profile along with their innovative mechanism of action make these anti-HCMV quinolones a very promising class of compounds to be exploited for more effective antiviral therapeutic treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Serena Massari
- Department of Chemistry and Technology of Drugs, University of Perugia, 06123 Perugia, Italy
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26
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Natalini B, Sardella R, Ianni F, García-Rubiño ME, Conejo-García A, Núñez MDC, Gallo MA, Campos JM. Chromatographic Enantioresolution of Six Purine Derivatives Endowed with Anti-Human Breast Cancer Activity. Chromatographia 2013. [DOI: 10.1007/s10337-013-2398-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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