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Attaluri S, Dharavath R. Novel plant disease detection techniques-a brief review. Mol Biol Rep 2023; 50:9677-9690. [PMID: 37823933 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-023-08838-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2023] [Accepted: 09/25/2023] [Indexed: 10/13/2023]
Abstract
Plant pathogens cause severe losses to agricultural yield worldwide. Tracking plant health and early disease detection is important to reduce the disease spread and thus economic loss. Though visual scouting has been practiced from former times, detection of asymptomatic disease conditions is difficult. So, DNA-based and serological methods gained importance in plant disease detection. The progress in advanced technologies challenges the development of rapid, non-invasive, and on-field detection techniques such as spectroscopy. This review highlights various direct and indirect ways of detecting plant diseases like Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, Lateral flow assays, Polymerase chain reaction, spectroscopic techniques and biosensors. Although these techniques are sensitive and pathogen-specific, they are more laborious and time-intensive. As a consequence, a lot of interest is gained in in-field adaptable point-of-care devices with artificial intelligence-assisted pathogen detection at an early stage. More recently computer-aided techniques like neural networks are gaining significance in plant disease detection by image processing. In addition, a concise report on the latest progress achieved in plant disease detection techniques is provided.
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MALDI-TOF Mass Spectrometry for the Diagnosis of Citrus Canker Caused by Xanthomonas citri subsp. citri. MOLECULES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 27:molecules27248947. [PMID: 36558076 PMCID: PMC9781495 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27248947] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2022] [Revised: 12/09/2022] [Accepted: 12/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Citrus canker, caused by the bacterium Xanthomonas citri subsp. citri (Xcc), is a disease that causes serious problems to the global citrus industry. Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption/Ionization Time-of-Flight (MALDI-TOF) Mass Spectrometry (MS) has been used in human medicine to diagnose various diseases caused by both fungi and bacteria. In agriculture, this technique has potential for the diagnosis of diseases due to the low cost of large-scale analysis and quickness. This study showed that MALDI-TOF MS combined with chemometric analysis was effective for differentiating the macromolecule profile of orange leaves with canker lesions, healthy leaves, and leaves with phytotoxicity symptoms, proving that this technique may be used for the rapid diagnosis of citrus canker.
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Yang P, Nie Z, Yao M. Diagnosis of HLB-asymptomatic citrus fruits by element migration and transformation using laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy. OPTICS EXPRESS 2022; 30:18108-18118. [PMID: 36221618 DOI: 10.1364/oe.454646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2022] [Accepted: 03/28/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Huanglongbing (HLB) is one of the most devastating bacterial diseases in citrus growth and there is no cure for it. The mastery of elemental migration and transformation patterns can effectively analyze the growth of crops. The law of element migration and transformation in citrus growth is not very clear. In order to obtain the law of element migration and transformation, healthy and HLB-asymptomatic navel oranges collected in the field were taken as research objects. Laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) is an atomic spectrometry technique for material component analysis. By analyzing the element composition of fruit flesh, peel and soil, it can know the specific process of nutrient exchange and energy exchange between plants and the external environment, as well as the rules of internal nutrient transportation, distribution and energy transformation. Through the study of elemental absorption, the growth of navel orange can be effectively monitored in real time. HLB has an inhibitory effect on the absorption of navel orange. In order to improve the detection efficiency, LIBS coupled with SVM algorithms was used to distinguish healthy navel oranges and HLB-asymptomatic navel oranges. The classification accuracy was 100%. Compared with the traditional detection method, the detection efficiency of LIBS technology is significantly better than the polymerase chain reaction method, which provides a new means for the diagnosis of HLB-asymptomatic citrus fruits.
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Survey for ' Candidatus Liberibacter' and ' Candidatus Phytoplasma' in Citrus in Chile. Pathogens 2021; 11:pathogens11010048. [PMID: 35055996 PMCID: PMC8781817 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens11010048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2021] [Revised: 12/28/2021] [Accepted: 12/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The considerable economic losses in citrus associated with ‘Candidatus Liberibacter’ and ‘Candidatus Phytoplasma’ presence have alerted all producing regions of the world. In Chile, none of these bacteria have been reported in citrus species. During the years 2017 and 2019, 258 samples presenting symptoms similar to those associated with the presence of these bacteria were examined. No detection of ‘Ca. Liberibacter’ associated with “huanglongbing” disease was obtained in the tested samples; therefore, this quarantine pest is maintained as absent in Chile. However, 14 plants resulted positive for phytoplasmas enclosed in subgroups 16SrV-A (12 plants) and 16SrXIII-F (2 plants). Although they have been found in other plant species, this is the first report of these phytoplasmas in citrus worldwide.
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Root samples provide early and improved detection of Candidatus Liberibacter asiaticus in Citrus. Sci Rep 2020; 10:16982. [PMID: 33046775 PMCID: PMC7550583 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-74093-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2020] [Accepted: 09/23/2020] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Huanglongbing (HLB), or Citrus Greening, is one of the most devastating diseases affecting agriculture today. Widespread throughout Citrus growing regions of the world, it has had severe economic consequences in all areas it has invaded. With no treatment available, management strategies focus on suppression and containment. Effective use of these costly control strategies relies on rapid and accurate identification of infected plants. Unfortunately, symptoms of the disease are slow to develop and indistinct from symptoms of other biotic/abiotic stressors. As a result, diagnosticians have focused on detecting the pathogen, Candidatus Liberibacter asiaticus, by DNA-based detection strategies utilizing leaf midribs for sampling. Recent work has shown that fibrous root decline occurs in HLB-affected trees before symptom development among leaves. Moreover, the pathogen, Ca. Liberibacter asiaticus, has been shown to be more evenly distributed within roots than within the canopy. Motivated by these observations, a longitudinal study of young asymptomatic trees was established to observe the spread of disease through time and test the relative effectiveness of leaf- and root-based detection strategies. Detection of the pathogen occurred earlier, more consistently, and more often in root samples than in leaf samples. Moreover, little influence of geography or host variety was found on the probability of detection.
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Mass spectrometry imaging as a potential technique for diagnostic of Huanglongbing disease using fast and simple sample preparation. Sci Rep 2020; 10:13457. [PMID: 32778716 PMCID: PMC7417563 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-70385-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2020] [Accepted: 07/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Huanglongbing (HLB) is a disease of worldwide incidence that affects orange trees, among other commercial varieties, implicating in great losses to the citrus industry. The disease is transmitted through Diaphorina citri vector, which inoculates Candidatus Liberibacter spp. in the plant sap. HLB disease lead to blotchy mottle and fruit deformation, among other characteristic symptoms, which induce fruit drop and affect negatively the juice quality. Nowadays, the disease is controlled by eradication of sick, symptomatic plants, coupled with psyllid control. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) is the technique most used to diagnose the disease; however, this methodology involves high cost and extensive sample preparation. Mass spectrometry imaging (MSI) technique is a fast and easily handled sample analysis that, in the case of Huanglongbing allows the detection of increased concentration of metabolites associated to the disease, including quinic acid, phenylalanine, nobiletin and sucrose. The metabolites abieta-8,11,13-trien-18-oic acid, suggested by global natural product social molecular networking (GNPS) analysis, and 4-acetyl-1-methylcyclohexene showed a higher distribution in symptomatic leaves and have been directly associated to HLB disease. Desorption electrospray ionization coupled to mass spectrometry imaging (DESI-MSI) allows the rapid and efficient detection of biomarkers in sweet oranges infected with Candidatus Liberibacter asiaticus and can be developed into a real-time, fast-diagnostic technique.
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Mukrimin M, Conrad AO, Kovalchuk A, Julkunen-Tiitto R, Bonello P, Asiegbu FO. Fourier-transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy analysis discriminates asymptomatic and symptomatic Norway spruce trees. PLANT SCIENCE : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2019; 289:110247. [PMID: 31623795 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2019.110247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2019] [Revised: 08/28/2019] [Accepted: 08/30/2019] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Conifer trees, including Norway spruce, are threatened by fungi of the Heterobasidion annosum species complex, which severely affect timber quality and cause economic losses to forest owners. The timely detection of infected trees is complicated, as the pathogen resides within the heartwood and sapwood of infected trees. The presence of the disease and the extent of the wood decay often becomes evident only after tree felling. Fourier-transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy is a potential method for non-destructive sample analysis that may be useful for identifying infected trees in this pathosystem. We performed FT-IR analysis of 18 phloem, 18 xylem, and 18 needle samples from asymptomatic and symptomatic Norway spruce trees. FT-IR spectra from 1066 - 912 cm-1 could be used to distinguish phloem, xylem, and needle tissue extracts. FT-IR spectra collected from xylem and needle extracts could also be used to discriminate between asymptomatic and symptomatic trees using spectral bands from 1657 - 994 cm-1 and 1104 - 994 cm-1, respectively. A partial least squares regression model predicted the concentration of condensed tannins, a defense-related compound, in phloem of asymptomatic and symptomatic trees. This work is the first to show that FT-IR spectroscopy can be used for the identification of Norway spruce trees naturally infected with Heterobasidion spp.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mukrimin Mukrimin
- Department of Forest Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture and Forestry, University of Helsinki, Latokartanonkaari 7, P.O. Box 27, 00014, Helsinki, Finland; Department of Forestry, Faculty of Forestry, Hasanuddin University, Jln. Perintis Kemerdekaan Km. 10, 90245, Makassar, Indonesia
| | - Anna O Conrad
- Department of Plant Pathology, The Ohio State University, 2021 Coffey Road, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA
| | - Andriy Kovalchuk
- Department of Forest Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture and Forestry, University of Helsinki, Latokartanonkaari 7, P.O. Box 27, 00014, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Riitta Julkunen-Tiitto
- Department of Environmental and Biological Sciences, Joensuu Campus, University of Eastern Finland (UEF), P.O. Box 111, FI-80101, Joensuu, Finland
| | - Pierluigi Bonello
- Department of Plant Pathology, The Ohio State University, 2021 Coffey Road, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA
| | - Fred O Asiegbu
- Department of Forest Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture and Forestry, University of Helsinki, Latokartanonkaari 7, P.O. Box 27, 00014, Helsinki, Finland.
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The Early, Rapid, and Non-Destructive Detection of Citrus Huanglongbing (HLB) Based on Microscopic Confocal Raman. FOOD ANAL METHOD 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s12161-019-01598-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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Rao G, Huang L, Liu M, Chen T, Chen J, Luo Z, Xu F, Xu X, Yao M. Identification of Huanglongbing-infected navel oranges based on laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy combined with different chemometric methods. APPLIED OPTICS 2018; 57:8738-8742. [PMID: 30461952 DOI: 10.1364/ao.57.008738] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2018] [Accepted: 09/17/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
In order to realize rapid identification of Gannan navel oranges infected by Huanglongbing (HLB), a full optical diagnostic method of laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) was proposed. All navel oranges were collected from Ganzhou, Jiangxi, China, and samples contain healthy and HLB-infected navel oranges. The LIBS spectra of the plasma plume were collected directly from the epidermis of these navel oranges. The navel orange LIBS spectra in the wavelength range of 200-1050 nm were pretreated with smoothing and multiple scatter correction; on the basis of 10×10-fold cross validation, a random forest (RF) model based on continuous wavelet transform (CWT) and principal component analysis (PCA) were analyzed to identify the navel orange of HLB. The results showed that the PCA-RF and CWT-RF models coupled with suitable methods in preprocessing data can identify HLB-infected navel oranges. The average accuracy obtained from the CWT-RF model was 96.86% in the training set and 97.45% in the test set; the average accuracy by the PCA-RF model was 97.64% in the training set and 97.89% in the test set. The overall results demonstrate that LIBS combined with CWT-RF or PCA-RF, as a valuable analytical tool, could be used for HLB-infected navel orange identification.
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Skolik P, McAinsh MR, Martin FL. Biospectroscopy for Plant and Crop Science. VIBRATIONAL SPECTROSCOPY FOR PLANT VARIETIES AND CULTIVARS CHARACTERIZATION 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/bs.coac.2018.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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Ranulfi AC, Romano RA, Bebeachibuli Magalhães A, Ferreira EJ, Ribeiro Villas-Boas P, Marcondes Bastos Pereira Milori D. Evaluation of the Nutritional Changes Caused by Huanglongbing (HLB) to Citrus Plants Using Laser-Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy. APPLIED SPECTROSCOPY 2017; 71:1471-1480. [PMID: 28447856 DOI: 10.1177/0003702817701751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Huanglongbing (HLB) is the most recent and destructive bacterial disease of citrus and has no cure yet. A promising alternative to conventional methods is to use laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS), a multi-elemental analytical technique, to identify the nutritional changes provoked by the disease to the citrus leaves and associate the mineral composition profile with its health status. The leaves were collected from adult citrus trees and identified by visual inspection as healthy, HLB-symptomatic, and HLB-asymptomatic. Laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy measurements were done in fresh leaves without sample preparation. Nutritional variations were evaluated using statistical tools, such as Student's t-test and analysis of variance applied to LIBS spectra, and the largest were found for Ca, Mg, and K. Considering the nutritional profile changes, a classifier induced by classification via regression combined with partial least squares regression was built resulting in an accuracy of 73% for distinguishing the three categories of leaves.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anielle Coelho Ranulfi
- 1 Embrapa Instrumentation, São Carlos, SP, Brazil
- 2 São Carlos Institute of Physics, University of São Paulo, São Carlos, SP, Brazil
| | - Renan Arnon Romano
- 1 Embrapa Instrumentation, São Carlos, SP, Brazil
- 2 São Carlos Institute of Physics, University of São Paulo, São Carlos, SP, Brazil
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Massaiti Kuboyama Kubota T, Bebeachibuli Magalhães A, Nery da Silva M, Ribeiro Villas Boas P, Novelli VM, Bastianel M, Sagawa CHD, Cristofani-Yaly M, Marcondes Bastos Pereira Milori D. Laser-induced Fluorescence Spectroscopy (LIFS) for Discrimination of Genetically Close Sweet Orange Accessions ( Citrus sinensis L. Osbeck). APPLIED SPECTROSCOPY 2017; 71:203-214. [PMID: 27402688 DOI: 10.1177/0003702816658668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Although there is substantial diversity among cultivated sweet oranges genotypes with respect to morphological, physiological, and agronomic traits, very little variation at DNA level has been observed. It is possible that this low DNA molecular variability is due to a narrow genetic basis commonly observed in this citrus group. The most different morphological characters observed were originated through mutations, which are maintained by vegetative propagation. Despite all molecular tools available for discrimination between these different accessions, in general, low polymorphism has been observed in all groups of sweet oranges and they may not be identified by molecular markers. In this context, this paper describes the results obtained by using laser-induced fluorescent spectroscopy (LIFS) as a tool to discriminate sweet orange accessions ( Citrus sinensis L. Osbeck) including common, low acidity, pigmented, and navel orange groups, with very little variation at DNA level. The findings showed that LIFS combined with statistical methods is capable to discriminate different accessions. The basic idea is that citrus leaves have multiple fluorophores and concentration depends on their genetics and metabolism. Thus, we consider that the optical properties of citrus leaves may be different, depending on variety. The results have shown that the developed method, for the best classification rate, reaches an average sensitivity and specificity of 95% and 97.5%, respectively. An interesting application of this study is the development of an economically viable tool for early identification in seedling certification, in citrus breeding programs, in cultivar protection, or in germplasm core collection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thiago Massaiti Kuboyama Kubota
- 1 Embrapa Instrumentation, São Carlos, SP, Brazil
- 2 Sao Carlos Institute of Physics, University of Sao Paulo, São Carlos, SP, Brazil
| | | | | | | | - Valdenice M Novelli
- 3 Centro de Citricultura Sylvio Moreira of Instituto Agronômico (CCSM-IAC), Cordeirópolis, SP, Brazil
| | - Marinês Bastianel
- 3 Centro de Citricultura Sylvio Moreira of Instituto Agronômico (CCSM-IAC), Cordeirópolis, SP, Brazil
| | - Cíntia H D Sagawa
- 3 Centro de Citricultura Sylvio Moreira of Instituto Agronômico (CCSM-IAC), Cordeirópolis, SP, Brazil
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Arredondo Valdés R, Delgado Ortiz JC, Beltrán Beache M, Anguiano Cabello J, Cerna Chávez E, Rodríguez Pagaza Y, Ochoa Fuentes YM. A review of techniques for detecting Huanglongbing (greening) in citrus. Can J Microbiol 2016; 62:803-811. [PMID: 27590666 DOI: 10.1139/cjm-2016-0022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Huanglongbing (HLB) is the most destructive disease of citrus worldwide. Monitoring of health and detection of diseases in trees is critical for sustainable agriculture. HLB symptoms are virtually the same wherever the disease occurs. The disease is caused by Candidatus Liberibacter spp., vectored by the psyllids Diaphorina citri Kuwayama and Trioza erytreae. Electron microscopy was the first technique used for HLB detection. Nowadays, scientists are working on the development of new techniques for a rapid HLB detection, as there is no sensor commercially accessible for real-time assessment of health conditions in trees. Currently, the most widely used mechanism for monitoring HLB is exploration, which is an expensive, labor-intensive, and time-consuming process. Molecular techniques such as polymerase chain reaction are used for the identification of HLB disease, which requires detailed sampling and processing procedures. Furthermore, investigations are ongoing in spectroscopic and imaging techniques, profiling of plant volatile organic compounds, and isothermal amplification. This study recognizes the need for developing a rapid, cost-effective, and reliable health-monitoring sensor that would facilitate advancements in HLB disease detection. This paper compares the benefits and limitations of these potential methods for HLB detection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberto Arredondo Valdés
- a Universidad Autónoma Agraria Antonio Narro, Department of Agricultural Parasitology, Buenavista, Saltillo, Coahuila, C.P. 25315, Mexico
| | - Juan C Delgado Ortiz
- a Universidad Autónoma Agraria Antonio Narro, Department of Agricultural Parasitology, Buenavista, Saltillo, Coahuila, C.P. 25315, Mexico
| | - Mariana Beltrán Beache
- a Universidad Autónoma Agraria Antonio Narro, Department of Agricultural Parasitology, Buenavista, Saltillo, Coahuila, C.P. 25315, Mexico
| | - Julia Anguiano Cabello
- a Universidad Autónoma Agraria Antonio Narro, Department of Agricultural Parasitology, Buenavista, Saltillo, Coahuila, C.P. 25315, Mexico
| | - Ernesto Cerna Chávez
- a Universidad Autónoma Agraria Antonio Narro, Department of Agricultural Parasitology, Buenavista, Saltillo, Coahuila, C.P. 25315, Mexico
| | - Yolanda Rodríguez Pagaza
- b Catedrática CONACYT-Universidad Autónoma Agraria Antonio Narro, Department of Agricultural Parasitology, Buenavista, Saltillo, Coahuila, C.P. 25315, Mexico
| | - Yisa M Ochoa Fuentes
- a Universidad Autónoma Agraria Antonio Narro, Department of Agricultural Parasitology, Buenavista, Saltillo, Coahuila, C.P. 25315, Mexico
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Pontes JGM, Ohashi WY, Brasil AJM, Filgueiras PR, Espíndola APDM, Silva JS, Poppi RJ, Coletta-Filho HD, Tasic L. Metabolomics by NMR Spectroscopy in Plant Disease diagnostic: Huanglongbing as a Case Study. ChemistrySelect 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.201600064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- João Guilherme M. Pontes
- Departamento de Química Orgânica; Instituto de Química; UNICAMP; Campinas-SP P. O. Box 6154 13083-970 Brazil
| | - William Y. Ohashi
- Departamento de Química Orgânica; Instituto de Química; UNICAMP; Campinas-SP P. O. Box 6154 13083-970 Brazil
| | - Antonio J. M. Brasil
- Departamento de Química Orgânica; Instituto de Química; UNICAMP; Campinas-SP P. O. Box 6154 13083-970 Brazil
| | - Paulo R. Filgueiras
- Departamento de Química Analítica; Instituto de Química; UNICAMP; Campinas-SP P. O. Box 6154 13083-970 Brazil
| | - Ana Paula D. M. Espíndola
- Departamento de Química Orgânica; Instituto de Química; UNICAMP; Campinas-SP P. O. Box 6154 13083-970 Brazil
| | - Jaqueline S. Silva
- Departamento de Química Orgânica; Instituto de Química; UNICAMP; Campinas-SP P. O. Box 6154 13083-970 Brazil
| | - Ronei J. Poppi
- Departamento de Química Analítica; Instituto de Química; UNICAMP; Campinas-SP P. O. Box 6154 13083-970 Brazil
| | - Helvécio D. Coletta-Filho
- Instituto Agronômico de Campinas; Centro de Citricultura Sylvio Moreira; Cordeirópolis-SP, km 158 P. O. Box 04 13490-970 Brazil
| | - Ljubica Tasic
- Departamento de Química Orgânica; Instituto de Química; UNICAMP; Campinas-SP P. O. Box 6154 13083-970 Brazil
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15
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Soares MS, da Silva DF, Forim MR, da Silva MFDGF, Fernandes JB, Vieira PC, Silva DB, Lopes NP, de Carvalho SA, de Souza AA, Machado MA. Quantification and localization of hesperidin and rutin in Citrus sinensis grafted on C. limonia after Xylella fastidiosa infection by HPLC-UV and MALDI imaging mass spectrometry. PHYTOCHEMISTRY 2015; 115:161-70. [PMID: 25749617 DOI: 10.1016/j.phytochem.2015.02.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2014] [Revised: 01/02/2015] [Accepted: 02/10/2015] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
A high performance liquid chromatography-ultraviolet (HPLC-UV) method was developed for quantifying hesperidin and rutin levels in leaves and stems of Citrus limonia, with a good linearity over a range of 1.0-80.0 and 1.0-50.0 μg mL(-1) respectively, with r(2)>0.999 for all curves. The limits of detection (LOD) for both flavonoids were 0.6 and 0.5 μg mL(-1), respectively, with quantification (LOQ) being 2.0 and 1.0 μg mL(-1), respectively. The quantification method was applied to Citrus sinensis grafted onto C. limonia with and without CVC (citrus variegated chlorosis) symptoms after Xylella fastidiosa infection. The total content of rutin was low and practically constant in all analyses in comparison with hesperidin, which showed a significant increase in its amount in symptomatic leaves. Scanning electron microscopy studies on leaves with CVC symptoms showed vessel occlusion by biofilm, and a crystallized material was noted. Considering the difficulty in isolating these crystals for analysis, tissue sections were analyzed by matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry imaging (MALDI MSI) to confirm the presence of hesperidin at the site of infection. The images constructed from MS/MS data with a specific diagnostic fragment ion (m/z 483) also showed higher ion intensities for it in infected plants than in healthy ones, mainly in the vessel regions. These data suggest that hesperidin plays a role in the plant-pathogen interaction, probably as a phytoanticipin. This method was also applied to C. sinensis and C. limonia seedlings, and comparison with the graft results showed that the rootstock had an increased hesperidin content ∼3.6 fold greater in the graft stem than in the stem of C. sinensis seedlings. Increase in hesperidin content by rootstock can be related to induced internal defense mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Márcio Santos Soares
- Departamento de Química, Universidade Federal de São Carlos, CP 676, 13565-905 São Carlos, SP, Brazil
| | | | - Moacir Rossi Forim
- Departamento de Química, Universidade Federal de São Carlos, CP 676, 13565-905 São Carlos, SP, Brazil
| | | | - João Batista Fernandes
- Departamento de Química, Universidade Federal de São Carlos, CP 676, 13565-905 São Carlos, SP, Brazil
| | - Paulo Cezar Vieira
- Departamento de Química, Universidade Federal de São Carlos, CP 676, 13565-905 São Carlos, SP, Brazil
| | - Denise Brentan Silva
- Núcleo Pesquisas em Produtos Naturais e Sintéticos, Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, 14040-903 Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Norberto Peporine Lopes
- Núcleo Pesquisas em Produtos Naturais e Sintéticos, Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, 14040-903 Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Sérgio Alves de Carvalho
- Centro APTA Citros Sylvio Moreira, Instituto Agronômico, CP 04, 13490-970 Cordeirópolis, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Alessandra Alves de Souza
- Centro APTA Citros Sylvio Moreira, Instituto Agronômico, CP 04, 13490-970 Cordeirópolis, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Marcos Antônio Machado
- Centro APTA Citros Sylvio Moreira, Instituto Agronômico, CP 04, 13490-970 Cordeirópolis, São Paulo, Brazil
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Souza Santana-Vieira DD, Pereira Milori DMB, Villas Boas PR, Silva MFE, Santos MG, Gaiotto FA, Soares Filho WDS, Silva Gesteira AD. Rapid Differentiation of Closely Related <i>Citrus Genotypes</i> by Fluorescence Spectroscopy. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014. [DOI: 10.4236/abb.2014.511105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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