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Selective determination of formaldehyde by high-performance liquid chromatography with porous graphitic carbon column using N,N'-bis(9-anthrylmethyl)propane-1,3-diamine as derivatizing reagent. ANAL SCI 2023; 39:285-295. [PMID: 36550369 DOI: 10.1007/s44211-022-00240-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2022] [Accepted: 11/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Aromatic compounds containing two secondary amino groups were designed and prepared as new derivatizing reagents for aldehydes. One of them, N,N'-bis(9-anthrylmethyl)propane-1,3-diamine (APD), could achieve selective determination of formaldehyde (FA) on a porous graphitic carbon (PGC) column using xylenes, chlorobenzene, and 1-chloronaphthalene as mobile phases by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). The APD-FA derivative was eluted from the PGC column, while the other APD-aldehyde derivatives remained on the column during the HPLC measurements. This specific elution was not observed using mobile phases such as acetonitrile, 1,4-dioxane, tetrahydrofuran, N,N-dimethylformamide, N,N-dimethylacetamide, N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone, chloroform, benzene, toluene, benzyl alcohol, 2-ethyl-1-hexanol, and pyridine. The APD-FA derivative had a six-membered ring of two tertiary amines identified using 1H NMR spectroscopy. When the π-π interaction of the solvent molecule of the mobile phase with PGC overcame that between the APD-FA derivative and PGC, the APD-FA derivative could be eluted from the column. The best resolution between the peak of the APD-FA derivative and that of free APD was observed when using o-xylene. The optimum derivatization and the HPLC conditions for selective HPLC determination of FA were to conduct the derivatization of FA by heating in an aqueous phase with APD in o-xylene at 100 °C. In this method, FA could be derivatized with APD at a mildly neutral pH of 6.7, unlike the low pH required for the derivatization of aldehydes with 2,4-dinitrophenylhydrazine (DNPH), which is commonly used for the derivatization of aldehydes. The detection and quantification limits of FA were 0.8 and 3.5 ng mL-1 in this HPLC method with fluorescent detection, respectively. This selective HPLC method could be applied to the determination of FA in various water samples. It was found that only APD among the derivatizing reagents containing two secondary diamines was useful for the selective determination of FA.
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2
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Cheng Y, Cai Z, Xu Z, Sang X, Song C. Smart sensing device for formaldehyde that based on uniform lanthanide CPs microsphere. J Mol Struct 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2023.135004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
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3
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Atapattu SN, Rosenfeld JM. Analytical derivatizations in environmental analysis. J Chromatogr A 2022; 1678:463348. [PMID: 35901668 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2022.463348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2022] [Revised: 07/13/2022] [Accepted: 07/13/2022] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
Analytical derivatization is a technique that alters the structure of an analyte and produces a product more suitable for analysis. While this process can be time-consuming and add reagents to the procedure, it can also facilitate the isolation of the analyte(s), enhance analytes' stability, improve separation and sensitivity, and reduce matrix interferences. Since derivatization is a functional group analysis, it improves selectivity by separating reactive from neutral compounds during sample preparation. This technique introduces detector-orientated tags into analytes that lack suitable physicochemical properties for detection at low concentrations. Notably, many regulatory bodies, especially those in the environmental field, require these characteristics in analytical methods. This review focuses on note-worthy analytical derivatization methods employed in environmental analyses with functional groups, phenol, carboxylic acid, aldehyde, ketone, and thiol in aqueous, soil, and atmospheric sample matrices. Both advantages and disadvantages of analytical derivatization techniques are discussed. In addition, we discuss the future directions of analytical derivatization methods in environmental analysis and the potential challenges.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jack M Rosenfeld
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON L8S 4K1, Canada
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4
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Kitte SA, Bushira FA, Li H, Jin Y. Electrochemiluminescence of Ru(bpy) 32+/thioacetamide and its application for the sensitive determination of hepatotoxic thioacetamide. Analyst 2021; 146:5198-5203. [PMID: 34308456 DOI: 10.1039/d1an00862e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Thioacetamide (TAA) is a well-known hepatotoxic substance, so it is important to determine its presence and content in food and environmental samples. Herein, we report a highly sensitive determination method for TAA based on the electrochemiluminescence (ECL) of tris(2,2'-bipyridyl)ruthenium(ii) (Ru(bpy)32+) for the first time by using TAA as a new coreactant for Ru(bpy)32+ ECL via an anodic route. The developed Ru(bpy)32+-TAA ECL system allows the determination of TAA with a good dynamic linear range and low limit of detection (LOD) of 0.1 μM to 1000 μM and 0.035 μM (3σ/m), respectively. In addition, the established ECL system can be applied to detect TAA in fruit juice and waste water samples with outstanding recoveries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shimeles Addisu Kitte
- State Key Laboratory of Electroanalytical Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130022, P. R. China. and Department of Chemistry, College of Natural Sciences, Jimma University, P. O. Box 378, Jimma, Ethiopia
| | - Fuad Abduro Bushira
- State Key Laboratory of Electroanalytical Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130022, P. R. China. and Department of Chemistry, College of Natural Sciences, Jimma University, P. O. Box 378, Jimma, Ethiopia and University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, P. R. China
| | - Haijuan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Electroanalytical Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130022, P. R. China.
| | - Yongdong Jin
- State Key Laboratory of Electroanalytical Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130022, P. R. China. and University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, P. R. China
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5
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Liu J, Zhang L, Cheng B, Fan J, Yu J. A high-response formaldehyde sensor based on fibrous Ag-ZnO/In 2O 3 with multi-level heterojunctions. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2021; 413:125352. [PMID: 33930945 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2021.125352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2020] [Revised: 01/19/2021] [Accepted: 02/05/2021] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
Timely detection of formaldehyde is pivotal because formaldehyde is slowly released from the indoor decorative materials, jeopardizing our healthy. Herein, a high-response formaldehyde gas sensor based on Ag-ZnO/In2O3 nanofibers was successfully fabricated. Compared with all the control samples, the hybrid exhibits superior sensitivity (0.65 ppm-1), excellent selectivity (≥ 12.5) and durable stability (the deviation value ≤ 3%). Particularly, an ultra-high response value of about 186 towards 100 ppm of formaldehyde at 260 °C was achieved, heading the list of outstanding candidates. Additionally, the limit of detection is as low as 9 ppb. The enhanced gas sensing properties can be mainly attributed to multi-level heterojunctions (n-n heterojunction and Ohmic junction) and the "spill-over" effect of Ag, ultimately increasing the adsorption of gas molecules on the surface of sensing material. This work verifies that proper design of multi-level heterojunctions significantly upgrade the sensing performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingjing Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Technology for Materials Synthesis and Processing, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan 430070, PR China; Foshan Xianhu Laboratory of the Advanced Energy Science and Technology Guangdong Laboratory, Xianhu Hydrogen Valley, Foshan 528200, PR China
| | - Liuyang Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Technology for Materials Synthesis and Processing, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan 430070, PR China.
| | - Bei Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Technology for Materials Synthesis and Processing, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan 430070, PR China
| | - Jiajie Fan
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, PR China
| | - Jiaguo Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Technology for Materials Synthesis and Processing, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan 430070, PR China; Foshan Xianhu Laboratory of the Advanced Energy Science and Technology Guangdong Laboratory, Xianhu Hydrogen Valley, Foshan 528200, PR China.
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6
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Effect of layer thickness variation on sensitivity: An SPR based sensor for formalin detection. SENSING AND BIO-SENSING RESEARCH 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.sbsr.2021.100419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
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7
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One-step synthesis of CuO nanoparticles based on flame synthesis: As a highly effective non-enzymatic sensor for glucose, hydrogen peroxide and formaldehyde. J Electroanal Chem (Lausanne) 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jelechem.2020.114965] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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8
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Detection of residual formaldehyde in N-butyl-2-cyanoacrylate by high-performance liquid chromatography with rhodamine B hydrazide. Microchem J 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.microc.2020.105222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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9
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Wu F, Yang S, Wang L, Wei W, Ding CF. Simultaneous enrichment and analysis of tobacco alkaloids by microextraction coupled with mass spectrometry using a poly (N-isopropyl-acrylamide-co-divinyl-benzene-co-N, N'-methylene diacrylamide) monolithic column. Talanta 2019; 198:118-127. [PMID: 30876539 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2019.01.073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2018] [Revised: 01/17/2019] [Accepted: 01/24/2019] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Herein, we realized the simultaneous online detection of six tobacco alkaloids (TAs) by in-tube solid-phase microextraction (In-tube SPME) coupled with mass spectrometry by a rapid, sensitive, and matrix effect-free method requiring no chromatographic separation and only minimal sample pre-treatment. A poly (N-isopropylacrylamide-co-divinylbenzene-co-N, N'-methylenediacrylamide) [Poly (NIPAAm-co-DVB-co-MBAA)] monolithic column was designed according to the chemical structures of selected TAs and used as an extraction medium engaging in hydrophobic, π-π, and hydrogen bonding interactions with analytes, allowing them to be effectively extracted. A number of important parameters were systematically optimized to achieve maximal extraction efficiency. The ion intensity of the TAs signals obtained by in-tube SPME-MS were higher than the direct MS mode by about 400 folds with the signal-to-noise ratio improved by 2-7 folds. The detection limits of the six TAs were determined as 1.99-4.06 ng g-1, with good linearity with correlation coefficients exceeding 0.99 obtained under optimal extraction conditions. Besides, TA recoveries in cigarette tobacco spiked at three concentration levels were in the range of 76.4-100.2%, and the corresponding RSDs (n = 5) were obtained as 4.32-7.16%. The extraction performance of the poly (NIPAAm-co-DVB-co-MBAA) monolithic column was well reproducible, with intra- or inter-day precision RSDs determined not to exceed 7.38%. Finally, no marked matrix effects were observed when the developed method was applied to the analysis of both high-abundance and trace-level TAs in practical samples, and the above technique was therefore concluded to be well suited for the detection of TAs in cigarette tobacco or other products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fangling Wu
- Institute of Mass Spectrometry, School of Materials Science & Chemical Engineering, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang 315211, China; Department of Chemistry, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, China
| | - Shutong Yang
- Department of Chemistry, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, China
| | - Liang Wang
- Department of Chemistry, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, China
| | - Wanghui Wei
- Department of Chemistry, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, China
| | - Chuan-Fan Ding
- Institute of Mass Spectrometry, School of Materials Science & Chemical Engineering, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang 315211, China; Department of Chemistry, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, China.
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10
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Abstract
A fluorescence spectroscopic assay using Newton black film (NBF) for sensitive and selective detection of gaseous formaldehyde at room temperature is reported. The method relies on the Hantzsch reaction of formaldehyde with ammonium citrate and acetylacetone, plus a combination of the large surface area-to-volume ratio (5 × 108 m-1) and efficient uptake of gas by the nanometer-thick aqueous core of NBF. The assay has a limit of detection (LOD) of 4 ppb, a linear signal-to-concentration correlation up to 300 ppb of HCHO gas in the air, and a nonlinear monotonic increasing correlation in the range of 300 ppb to 1.2 ppm. It is unaffected by relevant analytes such as acetaldehyde, benzaldehyde, acetone, and propionaldehyde. We also demonstrate the sensing of formaldehyde outgassing from a plywood sample using this method and the results agree with the factory specifications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingni Fu
- School of Chemical Science and Engineering , Tongji University , Shanghai 200092 , China
| | - Luning Zhang
- School of Chemical Science and Engineering , Tongji University , Shanghai 200092 , China
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11
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Yi F, Liu LZ, Zhang MJ, Wang TT, Ye JN, Chu QC, Huang DP. Electrophoretic Determination of Formaldehyde in Human Urine: Application to Alzheimer’s Disease. ANAL LETT 2018. [DOI: 10.1080/00032719.2017.1378661] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Fan Yi
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - Lin-Zhen Liu
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - Mei-Jiang Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Adolescent Health Assessment and Exercise Intervention, Ministry of Education, School of Sports and Health Care, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ting-Ting Wang
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jian-Nong Ye
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - Qing-Cui Chu
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
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12
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Applications of capillary electrophoresis with chemiluminescence detection in clinical, environmental and food analysis. A review. Anal Chim Acta 2016; 913:22-40. [PMID: 26944987 DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2016.01.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2015] [Revised: 01/26/2016] [Accepted: 01/28/2016] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
This paper reviews the latest developments and analytical applications of chemiluminescence detection coupled to capillary electrophoresis (CE-CL). Different sections considering the most common CL systems have been included, such as the tris(2,2'-bipyridine)ruthenium(II) system, the luminol and acridinium derivative reactions, the peroxyoxalate CL or direct oxidations. Improvements in instrumental designs, new strategies for improving both resolution and sensitivity, and applications in different fields such as clinical, pharmaceutical, environmental and food analysis have been included. This review covers the literature from 2010 to 2015.
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13
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Xu X, Ma S, Xiao X, Hu Y, Zhao D. The preparation of high-quality water-soluble silicon quantum dots and their application in the detection of formaldehyde. RSC Adv 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c6ra24654k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
This paper reports the synthesis of water-soluble fluorescence silicon quantum dots (Si QDs) through a hydrothermal route with urea propyl triethoxysilane (UPTES) as the source of silicon and sodium citrate as the deoxidizer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoling Xu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences
- South-Central University for Nationalities
- Wuhan 430074
- P. R. China
| | - Shiyao Ma
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences
- South-Central University for Nationalities
- Wuhan 430074
- P. R. China
| | - Xincai Xiao
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences
- South-Central University for Nationalities
- Wuhan 430074
- P. R. China
| | - Yan Hu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences
- South-Central University for Nationalities
- Wuhan 430074
- P. R. China
| | - Dan Zhao
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences
- South-Central University for Nationalities
- Wuhan 430074
- P. R. China
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14
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Derivatisation for separation and detection in capillary electrophoresis (2012-2015). Electrophoresis 2015; 37:45-55. [DOI: 10.1002/elps.201500290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2015] [Revised: 07/27/2015] [Accepted: 07/27/2015] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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15
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Li Y, Zhang K, Zhao J, Ji J, Ji C, Liu B. A three-dimensional silver nanoparticles decorated plasmonic paper strip for SERS detection of low-abundance molecules. Talanta 2015; 147:493-500. [PMID: 26592638 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2015.10.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2015] [Revised: 10/09/2015] [Accepted: 10/11/2015] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
The fabrication of SERS substrates, which can offer the advantages of strong Raman signal enhancement with good reproducibility and low cost, is still a challenge for practical applications. In this work, a simple three-dimensional (3D) paper-based SERS substrate, which contains plasmonic silver-nanoparticles (AgNPs), has been developed by the silver mirror reaction. This paper strip was characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), atomic force microscopy (AFM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), etc. Pretreatment of the paper as well as the reaction time, temperature, and reagent concentrations for the silver mirror reaction were varied for further studies. With the optimized experimental parameters, the AgNPs synthesized and distributed in-situ on the paper strip could give more favorable SERS performance. The limit of detection (LOD) as low as 10(-11)M for Rhodamine 6G (R6G) and 10(-9)M for p-aminothiophenol (p-ATP) plus wide linear range for the log-log plot of Raman intensity versus analyte concentration were achieved. The detection of R6G in rain water was also carried out successfully. The merits of this protocol include low cost, easy operation, high sensitivity and acceptable stability, which make it ideal for the detection of environmental samples in trace amounts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yixin Li
- Department of Chemistry and State Key Lab of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Kun Zhang
- Department of Chemistry and State Key Lab of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Jingjing Zhao
- Department of Chemistry and State Key Lab of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Ji Ji
- Department of Chemistry and State Key Lab of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China.
| | - Chang Ji
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Texas State University, 601 University Drive, San Marcos, Texas 78666, USA
| | - Baohong Liu
- Department of Chemistry and State Key Lab of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China.
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Zhao J, Wang G, Cao T, Guo Z. Development of a Novel Derivate Assay for Formaldehyde Determination by HPLC in Beer Samples. FOOD ANAL METHOD 2015. [DOI: 10.1007/s12161-015-0183-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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17
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Lobo FA, Santos TMO, Vieira KM, Osório VM, Taylor JG. Determination of formaldehyde in hair creams by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. Drug Test Anal 2015; 7:848-52. [DOI: 10.1002/dta.1808] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2014] [Revised: 03/02/2015] [Accepted: 04/01/2015] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Fabiana A. Lobo
- UFOP- Universidade Federal de Ouro Preto; Instituto de Ciências Exatas e Biológicas, Departamento de Química; Bauxita Ouro Preto-MG 35400-000
| | - Talysson M. O. Santos
- UFOP- Universidade Federal de Ouro Preto; Instituto de Ciências Exatas e Aplicadas, Departamento de Ciências Exatas e Aplicadas; Loanda João Monlevade-MG 35931-008
| | - Karla M. Vieira
- UFOP- Universidade Federal de Ouro Preto; Instituto de Ciências Exatas e Aplicadas, Departamento de Ciências Exatas e Aplicadas; Loanda João Monlevade-MG 35931-008
| | - Vanessa M. Osório
- UFES- Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo; Centro de Ciências Agrárias, Departamento de Química e Física; Alto Universitário Alegre-ES 29500-000
| | - Jason Guy Taylor
- UFOP- Universidade Federal de Ouro Preto; Instituto de Ciências Exatas e Biológicas, Departamento de Química; Bauxita Ouro Preto-MG 35400-000
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18
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Lv C, Hou J, Xie W, Cheng H. Investigation on formaldehyde release from preservatives in cosmetics. Int J Cosmet Sci 2015; 37:474-8. [PMID: 25704726 DOI: 10.1111/ics.12212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2014] [Accepted: 01/27/2015] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To understand formaldehyde residue in cosmetics, an investigation on formaldehyde release from eight preservatives (methenamine - MA, paraformaldehyde - PF, poly(p-toluenesulfonamide-co-formaldehyde) -PTSAF, quaternium-15 - QU, imidazolidinyl urea - IU, diazolidinyl urea - DU, dimethyloldimethyl hydantoin - DMDM and bronopol - BP) under various conditions was performed. METHODS The concentration of released formaldehyde was determined by high-performance liquid chromatography with photodiode array detection after derivatization with 2,4-dinitrophenylhydrazine. RESULTS The amounts of formaldehyde release were in the order of PF > DU > DMDM ≈ QU ≈ IU > MA > BP > PTSAF. The releasing amounts of formaldehyde were the highest in the presence of aqueous matrices for the releasers except QU and IU, and the releasing effect was also relative to pH. More formaldehyde was released with longer storage time and higher temperature. Furthermore, all preservatives in cosmetic matrices released fewer amounts of formaldehyde than in pure aqueous or organic matrices, and the formaldehyde-releasing amounts were also cosmetic specific. CONCLUSION Formaldehyde release was dependent on the matrix, pH, time and mainly temperature, and the releasing effect was also cosmetic specific.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Lv
- Zhejiang Entry-Exit Inspection and Quarantine Bureau, Hangzhou, 310016, China
| | - J Hou
- Zhejiang Entry-Exit Inspection and Quarantine Bureau, Hangzhou, 310016, China
| | - W Xie
- Zhejiang Entry-Exit Inspection and Quarantine Bureau, Hangzhou, 310016, China
| | - H Cheng
- College of Material Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, 310036, China
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20
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Azizi S, Ulrich G, Guglielmino M, le Calvé S, Hagon JP, Harriman A, Ziessel R. Photoinduced Proton Transfer Promoted by Peripheral Subunits for Some Hantzsch Esters. J Phys Chem A 2014; 119:39-49. [DOI: 10.1021/jp5078246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sébastien Azizi
- Institut
de Chimie et Procédés pour l’Energie, l’Environnement
et la Santé (ICPEES), Laboratoire de Chimie Moléculaire
et Spectroscopies Avancées (ICPEES-LCOSA), UMR 7515 au CNRS, Ecole Européenne de Chimie, Polymères et Matériaux, 25 rue Becquerel, 67087 Strasbourg Cedex 02, France
| | - Gilles Ulrich
- Institut
de Chimie et Procédés pour l’Energie, l’Environnement
et la Santé (ICPEES), Laboratoire de Chimie Moléculaire
et Spectroscopies Avancées (ICPEES-LCOSA), UMR 7515 au CNRS, Ecole Européenne de Chimie, Polymères et Matériaux, 25 rue Becquerel, 67087 Strasbourg Cedex 02, France
| | - Maud Guglielmino
- Institut
de Chimie, Procédés, Catalyse, Energie, Environnement
et Santé, Physico-chimie de l’atmosphère, ICPEES-UMR 7515 CNRS-UdS, 1 rue Blessig, 67084 Strasbourg Cedex 02, France
| | - Stéphane le Calvé
- Institut
de Chimie, Procédés, Catalyse, Energie, Environnement
et Santé, Physico-chimie de l’atmosphère, ICPEES-UMR 7515 CNRS-UdS, 1 rue Blessig, 67084 Strasbourg Cedex 02, France
| | - Jerry P. Hagon
- Molecular
Photonics Laboratory, School of Chemistry, Newcastle University, Bedson Building, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE1 7RU, U.K
| | - Anthony Harriman
- Molecular
Photonics Laboratory, School of Chemistry, Newcastle University, Bedson Building, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE1 7RU, U.K
| | - Raymond Ziessel
- Institut
de Chimie et Procédés pour l’Energie, l’Environnement
et la Santé (ICPEES), Laboratoire de Chimie Moléculaire
et Spectroscopies Avancées (ICPEES-LCOSA), UMR 7515 au CNRS, Ecole Européenne de Chimie, Polymères et Matériaux, 25 rue Becquerel, 67087 Strasbourg Cedex 02, France
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Analysis of perphenazine and fluphenazine by capillary electrophoresis coupled with tris (2,2′-bipyridyl) ruthenium (II) electrochemiluminescence detection. Talanta 2014; 118:1-6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2013.09.048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2013] [Revised: 09/24/2013] [Accepted: 09/26/2013] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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Zhu G, Long S, Sun H, Luo W, Li X, Hao Z. Determination of gibberellins in soybean using tertiary amine labeling and capillary electrophoresis coupled with electrochemiluminescence detection. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2013; 941:62-8. [PMID: 24184838 DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2013.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2013] [Revised: 09/16/2013] [Accepted: 10/02/2013] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
A novel sensitive method based on tertiary amine labeling for the analysis of gibberellins (GAs) by capillary electrophoresis (CE) coupled with electrochemiluminescence (ECL) detection was proposed. GA3 was tagged with 2-(2-aminoethyl)-1-methylpyrrolidine (AEMP) using N, N'-dicyclohexylcarbodiimide (DCC) and 3,4-dihydro-3-hydroxy-4-oxo-1,2,3-benzotriazine (HOOBt) as coupling agents in acetonitrile to produce GA3-AEMP-derivative. The GA3-AEMP-derivative was injected into CE by electrokinetic injection and detected by Ru(bpy)3(2+)-based ECL. The parameters affecting derivatization, detection and separation such as concentration of reactants, detection potential, pH and concentration of separation buffer, were investigated in detail. Under optimum conditions, the linear concentration range for GA3 was from 2.0×10(-7) to 1.28×10(-4)M with a correlation coefficient of 0.9997. The detection limit was 8×10(-8)M (S/N=3). The relative standard deviations of migration time, peak intensity and peak area for nine continuous injections of 2.0×10(-5)M GA3-AEMP-derivative were 1.0%, 2.1% and 4.2%, respectively. The developed approach was successfully applied to the determination of total GAs in the stem, leaf and seed of soybean (Glycine max [L.] Merr.) with recoveries in the range from 89.6% to 99.3%.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guimei Zhu
- College of Chemistry and Bioengineering, Guilin University of Technology, Guilin 541004, China
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Tan X, Song Z. Picomole-level Formaldehyde Determination in Gaseous and Beer Samples Using Flow Injection Chemiluminescence Analysis. J CHIN CHEM SOC-TAIP 2013. [DOI: 10.1002/jccs.201300231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
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24
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Han S, Wang J, Jia S. Determination of formaldehyde based on the enhancement of the chemiluminescence produced by CdTe quantum dots and hydrogen peroxide. Mikrochim Acta 2013. [DOI: 10.1007/s00604-013-1083-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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25
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Sączewski J, Hinc K, Obuchowski M, Gdaniec M. The Tandem Mannich-Electrophilic Amination Reaction: a Versatile Platform for Fluorescent Probing and Labeling. Chemistry 2013; 19:11531-5. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201302085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2013] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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26
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Formaldehyde gas sensors: a review. SENSORS 2013; 13:4468-84. [PMID: 23549368 PMCID: PMC3673094 DOI: 10.3390/s130404468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2013] [Revised: 03/25/2013] [Accepted: 03/26/2013] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Many methods based on spectrophotometric, fluorometric, piezoresistive, amperometric or conductive measurements have been proposed for detecting the concentration of formaldehyde in air. However, conventional formaldehyde measurement systems are bulky and expensive and require the services of highly-trained operators. Accordingly, the emergence of sophisticated technologies in recent years has prompted the development of many microscale gaseous formaldehyde detection systems. Besides their compact size, such devices have many other advantages over their macroscale counterparts, including a real-time response, a more straightforward operation, lower power consumption, and the potential for low-cost batch production. This paper commences by providing a high level overview of the formaldehyde gas sensing field and then describes some of the more significant real-time sensors presented in the literature over the past 10 years or so.
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Preparation of polynorepinephrine adhesive coating via one-step self-polymerization for enantioselective capillary electrochromatography coupled with electrogenerated chemiluminesense detection. J Chromatogr A 2013; 1284:194-201. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2013.02.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2012] [Revised: 02/02/2013] [Accepted: 02/05/2013] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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28
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Li C, Zhu S, Ding Y, Song Q. Electrochemiluminescence of iridium complexes with ammonia in dimethylformamide and its analytical application for ammonia detection. J Electroanal Chem (Lausanne) 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jelechem.2012.07.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
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