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Lu W, Ma L, Ke S, Zhang R, Zhu W, Qin L, Wu S. Unbiased and Signal-Weakening Photoelectrochemical Hexavalent Chromium Sensing via a CuO Film Photocathode. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 13:nano13091479. [PMID: 37177024 PMCID: PMC10180409 DOI: 10.3390/nano13091479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2023] [Revised: 04/19/2023] [Accepted: 04/24/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Photoelectrochemical (PEC) sensors show great potential for the detection of heavy metal ions because of their low background noise, high sensitivity, and ease of integration. However, the detection limit is relatively high for hexavalent chromium (Cr(VI)) monitoring in addition to the requirement of an external bias. Herein, a CuO film is readily synthesized as the photoactive material via reactive sputtering and thermal annealing in the construction of a PEC sensing photocathode for Cr(VI) monitoring. A different mechanism (i.e., Signal-Weakening PEC sensing) is confirmed by examining the electrochemical impedance and photocurrent response of different CuO film photoelectrodes prepared with the same conditions in contact with various solutions containing concentration-varying Cr(VI) for different durations. The detection of Cr(VI) is successfully achieved with the Signal-Weakening PEC response; a drop of photocathode signal with an increasing Cr(VI) concentration from the steric hindrance effect of the in situ formed Cr(OH)3 precipitates. The photocurrent of the optimized CuO film photocathode linearly declines as the concentration of Cr(VI) increases from 0.08 to 20 µM, with a detection limit down to 2.8 nM (Signal/Noise = 3) and a fitted sensitivity of 4.22 µA·μM-1. Moreover, this proposed sensing route shows operation simplicity, satisfactory selectivity, and reproducibility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenxiang Lu
- School of Optoelectronic Science and Engineering, Collaborative Innovation Center of Suzhou Nano Science and Technology, Key Lab of Advanced Optical Manufacturing Technologies of Jiangsu Province, Key Lab of Modern Optical Technologies of Education Ministry of China, Soochow University, Suzhou 215006, China
| | - Lu Ma
- School of Optoelectronic Science and Engineering, Collaborative Innovation Center of Suzhou Nano Science and Technology, Key Lab of Advanced Optical Manufacturing Technologies of Jiangsu Province, Key Lab of Modern Optical Technologies of Education Ministry of China, Soochow University, Suzhou 215006, China
| | - Shengchen Ke
- School of Optoelectronic Science and Engineering, Collaborative Innovation Center of Suzhou Nano Science and Technology, Key Lab of Advanced Optical Manufacturing Technologies of Jiangsu Province, Key Lab of Modern Optical Technologies of Education Ministry of China, Soochow University, Suzhou 215006, China
| | - Rouxi Zhang
- School of Optoelectronic Science and Engineering, Collaborative Innovation Center of Suzhou Nano Science and Technology, Key Lab of Advanced Optical Manufacturing Technologies of Jiangsu Province, Key Lab of Modern Optical Technologies of Education Ministry of China, Soochow University, Suzhou 215006, China
| | - Weijian Zhu
- School of Optoelectronic Science and Engineering, Collaborative Innovation Center of Suzhou Nano Science and Technology, Key Lab of Advanced Optical Manufacturing Technologies of Jiangsu Province, Key Lab of Modern Optical Technologies of Education Ministry of China, Soochow University, Suzhou 215006, China
| | - Linling Qin
- School of Optoelectronic Science and Engineering, Collaborative Innovation Center of Suzhou Nano Science and Technology, Key Lab of Advanced Optical Manufacturing Technologies of Jiangsu Province, Key Lab of Modern Optical Technologies of Education Ministry of China, Soochow University, Suzhou 215006, China
| | - Shaolong Wu
- School of Optoelectronic Science and Engineering, Collaborative Innovation Center of Suzhou Nano Science and Technology, Key Lab of Advanced Optical Manufacturing Technologies of Jiangsu Province, Key Lab of Modern Optical Technologies of Education Ministry of China, Soochow University, Suzhou 215006, China
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Aharchaou I, Maul A, Pons MN, Pauly D, Poirot H, Flayac J, Rodius F, Rousselle P, Beuret M, Battaglia E, Vignati DAL. Effects and bioaccumulation of Cr(III), Cr(VI) and their mixture in the freshwater mussel Corbicula fluminea. CHEMOSPHERE 2022; 297:134090. [PMID: 35216982 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2022.134090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2021] [Revised: 02/09/2022] [Accepted: 02/21/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Chromium has two main oxidation states, Cr(III) and Cr(VI), that can occur simultaneously in natural waters. Current consensus holds that Cr(VI) is of high ecotoxicological concern, but regards Cr(III) as poorly bioavailable and relatively non-toxic. In this work, the effects and bioaccumulation of Cr(III), Cr(VI) and their mixture were studied using the freshwater clam Corbicula fluminea as a model organism. Mixture exposures were carried out using solutions isotopically enriched in 50Cr(III) or 53Cr(VI), allowing to quantify the contribution of each redox form to total Cr accumulation in the clams. Following exposure to individual redox forms, Cr(III) accumulated preferentially in the digestive glands and Cr(VI) in the gills of C. fluminea. In mixture exposures, both redox forms accumulated mainly in the gills; the concentration of Cr(III) in the digestive glands being much lowered compared with individual exposures. Both oxidation states affected the expression of biomarkers related to energy reserves, cellular damage and mitochondrial functioning, as well as the expression of mRNA for detoxification genes. The observed effects differed between gills and digestive glands. The present study suggests that Cr(III) is a bioavailable and biologically active elemental species deserving more consideration by the ecotoxicological community.
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Affiliation(s)
- Imad Aharchaou
- Université de Lorraine, CNRS, LIEC, F-57000, Metz, France
| | - Armand Maul
- Université de Lorraine, CNRS, LIEC, F-57000, Metz, France
| | | | - Danièle Pauly
- Université de Lorraine, CNRS, LIEC, F-57000, Metz, France; Pôle de Compétences en Biologie Environnementale, ANATELo, Université de Lorraine, F-57000, Metz, France
| | - Hélène Poirot
- Université de Lorraine, CNRS, LRGP, F-54000, Nancy, France
| | - Justine Flayac
- Université de Lorraine, CNRS, LIEC, F-57000, Metz, France; Pôle de Compétences en Biologie Environnementale, ANATELo, Université de Lorraine, F-57000, Metz, France
| | | | - Philippe Rousselle
- Université de Lorraine, CNRS, LIEC, F-57000, Metz, France; Pôle de Compétences en Chimie Analytique Environnementale, ANATELo, Université de Lorraine, F-57000 Metz, France
| | - Maximilien Beuret
- Université de Lorraine, CNRS, LIEC, F-57000, Metz, France; Pôle de Compétences en Chimie Analytique Environnementale, ANATELo, Université de Lorraine, F-57000 Metz, France
| | - Eric Battaglia
- Université de Lorraine, CNRS, LIEC, F-57000, Metz, France
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Marković S, Levstek L, Žigon D, Ščančar J, Milačič R. Speciation and Bio-Imaging of Chromium in Taraxacum officinale Using HPLC Post-column ID-ICP-MS, High Resolution MS and Laser Ablation ICP-MS Techniques. Front Chem 2022; 10:863387. [PMID: 35692691 PMCID: PMC9177994 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2022.863387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2022] [Accepted: 04/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
A new analytical procedure for the speciation of chromium (Cr) in plants by high performance liquid chromatography inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (HPLC-ICP-MS) was developed using a strong anion-exchange Mono Q column for the separation of the Cr species. To optimize the analytical procedure, Cr complexes were first synthesized from Cr-nitrate with the addition of an excess of ligand (90°C). Cr-oxalate, Cr-malate, Cr-citrate, Cr-aconitate and Cr-quinate complexes and Cr-nitrate (pH 6.5) were chromatographically separated from Cr(VI) by applying linear gradient elution from 100% water to 100% NH4Cl at a flow rate of 1.5 ml min−1 in 10 min. The column recoveries ranged from 100 to 104%. The exception was Cr-aconitate (column recovery 33%), where a quantitative synthesis was not possible. Good repeatability of the measurements (relative standard deviations better than ± 3%) and low limits of detection (below 0.37 ng ml−1 Cr) were achieved for the individual Cr species. The developed analytical procedure was applied to Cr speciation for dandelions (Taraxacum officinale) grown in soil with a high Cr content and a study of the uptake and metabolism of Cr species in dandelions grown in soil with a low Cr content treated with solutions of Cr(VI) or Cr-nitrate (5000 ng ml−1 Cr, pH 6.5) for 48 h. The separated Cr species were quantified by post-column isotope dilution ICP-MS, while the identification was based on retention times and was also supported by mass spectra obtained with high resolution mass spectrometry (HR-MS). The data indicate that for dandelions grown in Cr-rich soil and that treated with Cr-nitrate (pH 6.5), the Cr was mainly accumulated in the roots, while in plants treated with Cr(VI) (pH 6.5), the Cr was evenly distributed between the roots and the leaves. The Cr species found in dandelion roots and leaves were Cr-aconitate, Cr-malate, and Cr-quinate. The results revealed that Cr(VI) was completely reduced and metabolized to Cr(III) complexes. LA-ICP-MS data showed that the Cr in a leaf of dandelion grown in Cr-rich soil was localized mainly at the apex of the leaf.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefan Marković
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Jožef Stefan Institute, Ljubljana, Slovenia
- Jožef Stefan International Postgraduate School, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Lucija Levstek
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Jožef Stefan Institute, Ljubljana, Slovenia
- Jožef Stefan International Postgraduate School, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Dušan Žigon
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Jožef Stefan Institute, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Janez Ščančar
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Jožef Stefan Institute, Ljubljana, Slovenia
- Jožef Stefan International Postgraduate School, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Radmila Milačič
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Jožef Stefan Institute, Ljubljana, Slovenia
- Jožef Stefan International Postgraduate School, Ljubljana, Slovenia
- *Correspondence: Radmila Milačič,
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The use of enriched stable isotopic tracers of 50Cr(VI) and 53Cr(III) in a study of Cr speciation in wine and beer. J Food Compost Anal 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jfca.2022.104422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Bergant M, Ščančar J, Milačič R. Kinetics of interaction of Cr(VI) and Cr(III) with serum constituents and detection of Cr species in human serum at physiological concentration levels. Talanta 2020; 218:121199. [DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2020.121199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2020] [Revised: 05/16/2020] [Accepted: 05/19/2020] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
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Milačič R, Ščančar J. Cr speciation in foodstuffs, biological and environmental samples: Methodological approaches and analytical challenges – A critical review. Trends Analyt Chem 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.trac.2020.115888] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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Hamilton EM, Young SD, Bailey EH, Humphrey OS, Watts MJ. Assessment of chromium species dynamics in root solutions using isotope tracers. J Trace Elem Med Biol 2020; 61:126514. [PMID: 32305625 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtemb.2020.126514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2020] [Revised: 03/24/2020] [Accepted: 03/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Chromium (Cr) exists in the environment in two chemical forms; CrIII is an essential micronutrient for glucose and lipid metabolism, whereas CrVI is toxic and a recognised carcinogen through inhalation. Numerous studies have attempted to evaluate their transfer mechanisms from soil and solution media into plants, usually with respect to the hyperaccumulation, detoxification and tolerance of the plant to CrVI. METHODS Isotopically enriched species of Cr, added as 50CrIII and 53CrVI, were used to investigate transfer from solution into the root systems of Spinacia oleracea. In addition the effect of sulphate (SO42-), as a competitor for CrVI uptake, was investigated. Separation of 50CrIII and 53CrVI was undertaken using HPLC-ICP-QQQ following isolation of root solutions using freeze/thaw centrifugation. RESULTS Irrespective of supplied CrVI concentration (250, 500 or 1000 μg L-1), the dominant species in both apoplastic (routed through cell wall and intercellular space as a passive mechanism) and symplastic (routed through cytoplasm as an active mechanism) root solutions was CrIII. There was evidence for CrVI reduction in the rhizosphere prior to uptake as an additional detoxification mechanism. Sulphate promoted uptake of CrVI through the active pathway, although increases in SO42- concentration did not yield a proportional increase in Cr symplastic solution concentration; CrIII was also the dominant species in these root solutions. CONCLUSION The results indicate that Spinacia oleracea plants can effectively reduce CrVI to CrIII and that the uptake pathways for both CrIII and CrVI are more complex than previously reported. Further work is required to understand the physiological processes that result in the reduction of CrVI prior to, and during, uptake. The efficacy of sulphate to augment existing agricultural management strategies, such as liming and organic reincorporation, also requires further investigation to establish suitable application rates and applicability to other environmental contaminants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elliott M Hamilton
- Inorganic Geochemistry, Centre for Environmental Geochemistry, British Geological Survey, Environmental Science Centre, Nicker Hill, Keyworth, NG12 5GG, UK; School of Biosciences, University of Nottingham, Sutton Bonington Campus, Sutton Bonington, Leicestershire, LE12 5RD, UK
| | - Scott D Young
- School of Biosciences, University of Nottingham, Sutton Bonington Campus, Sutton Bonington, Leicestershire, LE12 5RD, UK
| | - Elizabeth H Bailey
- School of Biosciences, University of Nottingham, Sutton Bonington Campus, Sutton Bonington, Leicestershire, LE12 5RD, UK
| | - Olivier S Humphrey
- Inorganic Geochemistry, Centre for Environmental Geochemistry, British Geological Survey, Environmental Science Centre, Nicker Hill, Keyworth, NG12 5GG, UK
| | - Michael J Watts
- Inorganic Geochemistry, Centre for Environmental Geochemistry, British Geological Survey, Environmental Science Centre, Nicker Hill, Keyworth, NG12 5GG, UK.
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Drinčić A, Zuliani T, Ščančar J, Milačič R. Determination of hexavalent Cr in river sediments by speciated isotope dilution inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2018; 637-638:1286-1294. [PMID: 29801221 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.05.112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2018] [Revised: 05/09/2018] [Accepted: 05/09/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
During a sampling campaign in September 2015, elevated chromium (Cr) concentrations were observed in sediments of industrially exposed sites of the Sava River (stainless steel production and impact of metallurgic industry). To verify if sediments also contained hazardous hexavalent Cr (Cr(VI)), there was a need to develop a sensitive and reliable analytical procedure for its determination. In the determination of Cr(VI) in environmental samples, it is necessary to evaluate the suitability of the applied analytical methodology for each individual sample matrix. In these studies, the use of isotopically enriched Cr tracers importantly contribute to the validity of the obtained results. In the present work, an analytical procedure was optimised for the extraction of total Cr(VI) from sediments and the content of Cr(VI) determined by high performance liquid chromatography coupled to inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (HPLC-ICP-MS). To leach the total amount of Cr(VI) from sediments, an ultrasound-assisted extraction procedure was applied at 80 °C, using 2% NaOH + 3% Na2CO3 as the extraction solution. The addition of 0.4 mol L-1 MgCl2 prevented oxidation of Cr(III) during the extraction step. To control for species interconversion and for an accurate calculation of Cr(VI) concentration by speciated isotope dilution (ID)-ICP-MS, the alkaline extract was doubly spiked with enriched 50Cr(VI) and 53Cr(III). The accuracy of the determination of Cr(VI) was verified by analysing the certified reference material CRM 041 (Cr(VI) in soil), and by spike recovery test. Low limits of detection (LOD) and quantification (LOQ) (1.25 and 4.0 μg Cr(VI) kg-1, respectively) and good repeatability of measurement (relative standard deviation better than ±4.8%) were obtained. The analytical data revealed that Cr(VI) concentrations in sediments of the Sava River did not represent any known environmental hazard.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Drinčić
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Jožef Stefan Institute, Jamova 39, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia; Jožef Stefan International Postgraduate School, Jamova 39, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Tea Zuliani
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Jožef Stefan Institute, Jamova 39, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia; Jožef Stefan International Postgraduate School, Jamova 39, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Janez Ščančar
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Jožef Stefan Institute, Jamova 39, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia; Jožef Stefan International Postgraduate School, Jamova 39, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Radmila Milačič
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Jožef Stefan Institute, Jamova 39, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia; Jožef Stefan International Postgraduate School, Jamova 39, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia.
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9
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Séby F, Vacchina V. Critical assessment of hexavalent chromium species from different solid environmental, industrial and food matrices. Trends Analyt Chem 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.trac.2017.11.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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10
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Milačič R, Zuliani T, Vidmar J, Ščančar J. Analytical Procedures for Speciation of Chromium, Aluminum, and Tin in Environmental and Biological Samples. Metallomics 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/9783527694907.ch8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Radmila Milačič
- Department of Environmental Sciences; Jožef Stefan Institute; Jamova 39 1000 Ljubljana Slovenia
- Jožef Stefan International Postgraduate School; Jamova 39 1000 Ljubljana Slovenia
| | - Tea Zuliani
- Department of Environmental Sciences; Jožef Stefan Institute; Jamova 39 1000 Ljubljana Slovenia
| | - Janja Vidmar
- Department of Environmental Sciences; Jožef Stefan Institute; Jamova 39 1000 Ljubljana Slovenia
- Jožef Stefan International Postgraduate School; Jamova 39 1000 Ljubljana Slovenia
| | - Janez Ščančar
- Department of Environmental Sciences; Jožef Stefan Institute; Jamova 39 1000 Ljubljana Slovenia
- Jožef Stefan International Postgraduate School; Jamova 39 1000 Ljubljana Slovenia
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Markiewicz B, Komorowicz I, Barałkiewicz D. Accurate quantification of total chromium and its speciation form Cr(VI) in water by ICP-DRC-IDMS and HPLC/ICP-DRC-IDMS. Talanta 2016; 152:489-97. [DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2016.02.049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2015] [Revised: 02/17/2016] [Accepted: 02/20/2016] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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Novotnik B, Zuliani T, Ščančar J, Milačič R. Content of trace elements and chromium speciation in Neem powder and tea infusions. J Trace Elem Med Biol 2015; 31:98-106. [PMID: 26004899 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtemb.2015.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2015] [Revised: 04/05/2015] [Accepted: 04/13/2015] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Total concentrations of selected trace elements in Neem powder and in Neem tea were determined by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS). The data revealed that despite high total concentrations of the potentially toxic elements Al and Ni in Neem powder, their amounts dissolved in Neem tea were low. Total concentrations of the other toxic elements Pb, As and Cd were also very low and do not represent a health hazard. In contrast, total concentrations of the essential elements Fe, Cu, Zn, Se Mo and Cr in Neem powder were high and also considerable in Neem tea. Consuming one cup of Neem tea (2g per 200 mL of water) covers the recommended daily intakes for Cr and Se and represents an important source of Mo and Cu. Speciation analysis of Cr by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) coupled to ICP-MS with the use of enriched Cr isotopic tracers to follow species interconversions during the analytical procedure demonstrated that toxic Cr(VI) was not present either in Neem powder or in Neem tea. Its concentrations were below the limits of detection of the HPLC-ICP-MS procedure applied. The speciation analysis data confirmed that even Cr(VI) was added, it was rapidly reduced by the presence of antioxidants in Neem leaves. By the use of enriched Cr isotopic spike solutions it was also demonstrated that for obtaining reliable analytical data it is essential to apply the extraction procedures which prevent Cr species interconversions, or to correct for species transformation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Breda Novotnik
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Jožef Stefan Institute, Jamova 39, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia; Jožef Stefan International Postgraduate School, Jamova 39, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Tea Zuliani
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Jožef Stefan Institute, Jamova 39, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Janez Ščančar
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Jožef Stefan Institute, Jamova 39, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia; Jožef Stefan International Postgraduate School, Jamova 39, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Radmila Milačič
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Jožef Stefan Institute, Jamova 39, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia; Jožef Stefan International Postgraduate School, Jamova 39, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia.
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Markiewicz B, Komorowicz I, Sajnóg A, Belter M, Barałkiewicz D. Chromium and its speciation in water samples by HPLC/ICP-MS--technique establishing metrological traceability: a review since 2000. Talanta 2014; 132:814-28. [PMID: 25476383 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2014.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2014] [Revised: 09/25/2014] [Accepted: 10/02/2014] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Chromium holds a special position among living organisms because depending on its species it can be either essential or toxic. Cr(VI) even at very low concentrations is harmful and carcinogenic, while Cr(III) is a necessary microelement for cellular metabolism. Therefore, a simple analysis of Cr concentration in collected samples will not be able to distinguish these differences effectively: for a proper chemical analysis we need to perform a reliable detection and quantification of Cr species. Separation and detection of chromium can be accomplished with high performance liquid chromatography hyphenated to inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (HPLC/ICP-MS) in a one-step. Our review assembles articles published since 2000 regarding chromium speciation in water samples with the use of HPLC/ICP-MS. It addresses the following issues: chromium chemistry, the possibilities of dealing with interferences, metrological aspects, analytical performance and speciated isotope dilution mass spectrometry (SIDMS) which is a definitive measurement method. The authors would like to advocate this hyphenated advanced technique as well as the metrological approach in speciation analysis of chromium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbara Markiewicz
- Department of Trace Element Analysis by Spectroscopy Method, Faculty of Chemistry, Adam Mickiewicz University in Poznań, 89b Umultowska Street, 61-614 Poznań, Poland
| | - Izabela Komorowicz
- Department of Trace Element Analysis by Spectroscopy Method, Faculty of Chemistry, Adam Mickiewicz University in Poznań, 89b Umultowska Street, 61-614 Poznań, Poland
| | - Adam Sajnóg
- Department of Trace Element Analysis by Spectroscopy Method, Faculty of Chemistry, Adam Mickiewicz University in Poznań, 89b Umultowska Street, 61-614 Poznań, Poland
| | - Magdalena Belter
- Department of Trace Element Analysis by Spectroscopy Method, Faculty of Chemistry, Adam Mickiewicz University in Poznań, 89b Umultowska Street, 61-614 Poznań, Poland
| | - Danuta Barałkiewicz
- Department of Trace Element Analysis by Spectroscopy Method, Faculty of Chemistry, Adam Mickiewicz University in Poznań, 89b Umultowska Street, 61-614 Poznań, Poland.
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Novotnik B, Zuliani T, Ščančar J, Milačič R. Inhibition of the nitrification process in activated sludge by trivalent and hexavalent chromium, and partitioning of hexavalent chromium between sludge compartments. CHEMOSPHERE 2014; 105:87-94. [PMID: 24462082 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2013.12.096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2013] [Revised: 12/01/2013] [Accepted: 12/25/2013] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
The input of wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) may contain high concentrations of Cr(III) and Cr(VI), which can affect nitrogen removal. In the present study the influence of different Cr(III) and Cr(VI) concentrations towards activated sludge nitrification was studied. To better understand the mechanisms of Cr(VI) toxicity, its reduction, adsorption and uptake in activated sludge was investigated in a batch growth system. Quantification of Cr(VI) was performed by speciated isotope dilution inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. It was found that Cr(VI) concentrations above 1.0 mg L(-1) and Cr(III) concentrations higher than 50 mg L(-1) negatively affected nitrification. Speciation studies indicated almost complete reduction of Cr(VI) after 24h of incubation when Cr(VI) concentrations were lower than 2.5 mg L(-1), whereas for Cr(VI) added to 5 mg L(-1) around 40% remained unreduced. The study of the partitioning of Cr in the activated sludge was performed by the addition of Cr(VI) in concentrations of 2.5 and 5.0 mg L(-1). Results revealed that Cr was allocated mainly within the intercellular compartments, whereas intracellular and adsorbed Cr represented less than 0.1% of the Cr sludge concentrations. Cr(VI) was reduced in all compartments, the most efficiently (about 94%) within the intracellular and intercellular fractions. The extent of reduction of adsorbed Cr was 92% and 80% for 2.5 and 5.0mg of Cr(VI) L(-1), respectively. The results of present investigation provide a new insight into the toxicity of Cr species towards activated sludge nitrification, which is of significant importance for the management of WWTPs in order to prevent them from inflows containing harmful Cr(VI) concentrations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Breda Novotnik
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Jožef Stefan Institute, Jamova 39, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia; Jožef Stefan International Postgraduate School, Jamova 39, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Tea Zuliani
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Jožef Stefan Institute, Jamova 39, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Janez Ščančar
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Jožef Stefan Institute, Jamova 39, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia; Jožef Stefan International Postgraduate School, Jamova 39, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Radmila Milačič
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Jožef Stefan Institute, Jamova 39, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia; Jožef Stefan International Postgraduate School, Jamova 39, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia.
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15
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Scientific Opinion on the risks to public health related to the presence of chromium in food and drinking water. EFSA J 2014. [DOI: 10.2903/j.efsa.2014.3595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
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16
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Zuliani T, Ščančar J, Milačič R. The use of stable isotopes for Cr(VI) determination in silty-clay soil solution. Anal Bioanal Chem 2013; 405:7231-40. [DOI: 10.1007/s00216-013-7172-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2013] [Revised: 06/12/2013] [Accepted: 06/24/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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