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Greule M, Le PM, Meija J, Mester Z, Keppler F. Comparison of Carbon Isotope Ratio Measurement of the Vanillin Methoxy Group by GC-IRMS and 13C-qNMR. JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR MASS SPECTROMETRY 2024; 35:100-105. [PMID: 38015023 PMCID: PMC10767744 DOI: 10.1021/jasms.3c00327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2023] [Revised: 11/07/2023] [Accepted: 11/09/2023] [Indexed: 11/29/2023]
Abstract
Site-specific carbon isotope ratio measurements by quantitative 13C NMR (13C-qNMR), Orbitrap-MS, and GC-IRMS offer a new dimension to conventional bulk carbon isotope ratio measurements used in food provenance, forensics, and a number of other applications. While the site-specific measurements of carbon isotope ratios in vanillin by 13C-qNMR or Orbitrap-MS are powerful new tools in food analysis, there are a limited number of studies regarding the validity of these measurement results. Here we present carbon site-specific measurements of vanillin by GC-IRMS and 13C-qNMR for methoxy carbon. Carbon isotope delta (δ13C) values obtained by these different measurement approaches demonstrate remarkable agreement; in five vanillin samples whose bulk δ13C values ranged from -31‰ to -26‰, their δ13C values of the methoxy carbon ranged from -62.4‰ to -30.6‰, yet the difference between the results of the two analytical approaches was within ±0.6‰. While the GC-IRMS approach afforded up to 9-fold lower uncertainties and required 100-fold less sample compared to the 13C-qNMR, the 13C-qNMR is able to assign δ13C values to all carbon atoms in the molecule, not just the cleavable methoxy group.
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Affiliation(s)
- Markus Greule
- Institute
of Earth Sciences, Heidelberg University, Im Neuenheimer Feld 234-236, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Phuong Mai Le
- Metrology, National
Research Council Canada, 1200 Montreal Road, Ottawa, ON K1A
0R6, Canada
| | - Juris Meija
- Metrology, National
Research Council Canada, 1200 Montreal Road, Ottawa, ON K1A
0R6, Canada
| | - Zoltán Mester
- Metrology, National
Research Council Canada, 1200 Montreal Road, Ottawa, ON K1A
0R6, Canada
| | - Frank Keppler
- Institute
of Earth Sciences, Heidelberg University, Im Neuenheimer Feld 234-236, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
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2
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Liu C, Liu P, Wang X, Li X, Horita J. Establishing the accuracy of position-specific carbon isotope analysis of propane by GC-pyrolysis-GC-IRMS. RAPID COMMUNICATIONS IN MASS SPECTROMETRY : RCM 2023; 37:e9494. [PMID: 36797978 DOI: 10.1002/rcm.9494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2022] [Revised: 02/14/2023] [Accepted: 02/14/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
RATIONALE Position-specific (PS) δ13 C values of propane have proven their ability to provide valuable information on the evolution history of natural gases. Two major approaches to measure PS δ13 C values of propane are isotopic 13 C nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) and gas chromatography-pyrolysis-gas chromatography-isotope ratio mass spectrometry (GC-Py-GC-IRMS). Measurement accuracy of the isotopic 13 C NMR has been verified, but the requirements of large sample size and long experimental time limit its applications. GC-Py-GC-IRMS is a more versatile method with a small sample size, but its accuracy has not been demonstrated. METHODS We measured the PS δ13 C values of propane from nine natural gases using both 13 C NMR and GC-Py-GC-IRMS, then evaluated the accuracy of the GC-Py-GC-IRMS method. RESULTS The results show that large carbon isotope fractionations occurred for both terminal and central carbons within propane during pyrolysis. The isotope fractionations during the pyrolysis are reproducible at optimum conditions, but vary between the two GC-Py-GC-IRMS systems tested, affected by experimental conditions (e.g., pyrolysis temperature, flow rate, and reactor conditions). CONCLUSIONS It is necessary to evaluate and calibrate each GC-Py-GC-IRMS system using propane gases with accurately determined PS δ13 C values. This study also highlights a need for PS isotope standards for propane and other molecules (e.g., butane and acetic acid).
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Affiliation(s)
- Changjie Liu
- Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources, Chinese Academy of Sciences; Key Laboratory of Petroleum Resources, Gansu Province, Lanzhou, China
| | - Peng Liu
- College of Safety Science and Engineering, Xi'an University of Science and Technology, Xi'an, China
| | - Xiaofeng Wang
- Department of Geology, Northwest University, Xi'an, China
| | - Xiaoqiang Li
- Department of Geosciences, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX, USA
| | - Juske Horita
- Department of Geosciences, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX, USA
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Nataraj A, Tuzson B, Gianella M, Prokhorov I, Li G, Ebert V, Faist J, Emmenegger L. Position-Specific Isotope Analysis of Propane by Mid-IR Laser Absorption Spectroscopy. Anal Chem 2023; 95:5354-5361. [PMID: 36913630 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.2c05489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/15/2023]
Abstract
Intramolecular or position-specific carbon isotope analysis of propane (13CH3-12CH2-12CH3 and 12CH3-13CH2-12CH3) provides unique insights into its formation mechanism and temperature history. The unambiguous detection of such carbon isotopic distributions with currently established methods is challenging due to the complexity of the technique and the tedious sample preparation. We present a direct and nondestructive analytical technique to quantify the two singly substituted, terminal (13Ct) and central (13Cc), propane isotopomers, based on quantum cascade laser absorption spectroscopy. The required spectral information on the propane isotopomers was first obtained using a high-resolution Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) spectrometer and then used to select suitable mid-infrared regions with minimal spectral interference to obtain the optimum sensitivity and selectivity. We then measured high-resolution spectra around 1384 cm-1 of both singly substituted isotopomers by mid-IR quantum cascade laser absorption spectroscopy using a Stirling-cooled segmented circular multipass cell (SC-MPC). The spectra of the pure propane isotopomers were acquired at both 300 and 155 K and served as spectral templates to quantify samples with different levels of 13C at the central (c) and terminal (t) positions. A prerequisite for the precision using this reference template fitting method is a good match of amount fraction and pressure between the sample and templates. For samples at natural abundance, we achieved a precision of 0.33 ‰ for δ13Ct and 0.73 ‰ for δ13Cc values within 100 s integration time. This is the first demonstration of site-specific high-precision measurements of isotopically substituted non-methane hydrocarbons using laser absorption spectroscopy. The versatility of this analytical approach may open up new opportunities for the study of isotopic distribution of other organic compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akshay Nataraj
- Laboratory for Air Pollution/Environmental Technology, Empa, 8600 Dübendorf, Switzerland
| | - Béla Tuzson
- Laboratory for Air Pollution/Environmental Technology, Empa, 8600 Dübendorf, Switzerland
| | - Michele Gianella
- Laboratory for Air Pollution/Environmental Technology, Empa, 8600 Dübendorf, Switzerland
| | - Ivan Prokhorov
- Laboratory for Air Pollution/Environmental Technology, Empa, 8600 Dübendorf, Switzerland
| | - Gang Li
- Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt, 38116 Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Volker Ebert
- Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt, 38116 Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Jérôme Faist
- Institute for Quantum Electronics, ETH Zurich, 8093 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Lukas Emmenegger
- Laboratory for Air Pollution/Environmental Technology, Empa, 8600 Dübendorf, Switzerland
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Saraiva A, Carrascosa C, Ramos F, Raheem D, Lopes M, Raposo A. Coconut Sugar: Chemical Analysis and Nutritional Profile; Health Impacts; Safety and Quality Control; Food Industry Applications. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2023; 20:3671. [PMID: 36834366 PMCID: PMC9964017 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph20043671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2023] [Revised: 02/10/2023] [Accepted: 02/15/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Consumers often wish to substitute refined sugar with alternative sweeteners, such as coconut sugar, given growing interest in healthy eating and the public's negative perception of excess sugar intake. Coconut sugar is a healthier, sweetener option than the majority of other sugars that are commercially available. Sap is collected from trees to be transported, stored, and evaporated during processing, which are labor- and resource-intensive operations. Consequently, the cost of production is higher than it is for cane sugar. Given its high nutritional value and low glycemic index, people are willing to pay higher prices for it. However, one barrier is ignorance of its health benefits. This review examines and deals in-depth with the most significant features of coconut sugar chemical analyses to focus on several analytical methodologies given the increasing demand for naturally derived sweeteners in the last 10 years. A deeper understanding of the quality control, safety, health effects, nutritional profile, and sustainability issues corresponding to coconut sugar is necessary to effectively implement them in the food industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ariana Saraiva
- Department of Animal Pathology and Production, Bromatology and Food Technology, Faculty of Veterinary, Universidad de Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Trasmontaña s/n, 35413 Arucas, Spain
| | - Conrado Carrascosa
- Department of Animal Pathology and Production, Bromatology and Food Technology, Faculty of Veterinary, Universidad de Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Trasmontaña s/n, 35413 Arucas, Spain
| | - Fernando Ramos
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Coimbra, Azinhaga de Santa Comba, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal
- Associated Laboratory for Green Chemistry (LAQV) of the Network of Chemistry and Technology (REQUIMTE), Rua D. Manuel II, Apartado 55142, 4051-401 Porto, Portugal
| | - Dele Raheem
- Northern Institute for Environmental and Minority Law (NIEM), Arctic Centre, University of Lapland, 96101 Rovaniemi, Finland
| | - Maria Lopes
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Coimbra, Azinhaga de Santa Comba, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal
- Associated Laboratory for Green Chemistry (LAQV) of the Network of Chemistry and Technology (REQUIMTE), Rua D. Manuel II, Apartado 55142, 4051-401 Porto, Portugal
| | - António Raposo
- CBIOS (Research Center for Biosciences and Health Technologies), Universidade Lusófona de Humanidades e Tecnologias, Campo Grande 376, 1749-024 Lisboa, Portugal
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Taguchi K, Gilbert A, Ueno Y. Standardization for 13 C- 13 C clumped isotope analysis by the fluorination method. RAPID COMMUNICATIONS IN MASS SPECTROMETRY : RCM 2021; 35:e9109. [PMID: 33880802 DOI: 10.1002/rcm.9109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2021] [Revised: 04/15/2021] [Accepted: 04/15/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
RATIONALE The 13 C-13 C isotopologues of C2 molecules have recently been measured using a fluorination method. The C2 compound is first fluorinated into hexafluoroethane (C2 F6 ), and its 13 C-isotopologues are subsequently measured using a conventional isotope ratio mass spectrometer. Here, we present an approach for standardizing the fluorination method on an absolute reference scale by using isotopically enriched C2 F6 . METHODS We prepared physical mixtures of 13 C-13 C-labeled ethanol and natural ethanol. The enriched ethanol samples were measured using the recently developed fluorination method. Based on the difference between the calculated and measured ∆13 C13 C values, we quantified the extent to which isotopologues were scrambled during dehydration, fluorination, and ionization in the ion source. RESULTS The measured ∆13 C13 C value was approximately 20% lower than that expected from the amount of 13 C-13 C ethanol. The potential scrambling in the ion source was estimated to be 0.5-2%, which is lower than the observed isotopic reordering. Therefore, isotopic reordering may have occurred during either dehydration or fluorination. CONCLUSIONS For typical analysis of natural samples, scrambling in the ion source can only change the ∆13 C13 C value by less than 0.04‰, which is lower than the current analytical precision (±0.07‰). Therefore, the observed isotopic reordering may have occurred during the fluorination of ethene through the scrambling of isotopologues of ethene but not in the ion source of the mass spectrometer or during the dehydration of ethanol, given the small amount of C1 and C3+ molecules. Thus, we obtained the empirical transfer function ∆13 C13 CCSC = λ × ∆13 C13 C with a λ value of 1.25 ± 0.01 for ethanol/ethene and 1.00 for ethane. Using the empirical transfer function, the developed fluorination method can provide actual differences in ∆ values.
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Affiliation(s)
- Koudai Taguchi
- Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Tokyo, Meguro, 152-8551, Japan
| | - Alexis Gilbert
- Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Tokyo, Meguro, 152-8551, Japan
- Earth-Life Science Institute (WPI-ELSI), Tokyo Institute of Technology, Tokyo, Meguro, 152-8550, Japan
| | - Yuichiro Ueno
- Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Tokyo, Meguro, 152-8551, Japan
- Earth-Life Science Institute (WPI-ELSI), Tokyo Institute of Technology, Tokyo, Meguro, 152-8550, Japan
- Institute for Extra-cutting-edge Science and Technology Avant-grade Research (X-star), Japan Agency for Marine-Earth Science and Technology (JAMSTEC), Yokosuka, Natsushima-cho, 237-0061, Japan
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6
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Mohammed F, Warland J, Guillaume D. A comprehensive review on analytical techniques to detect adulteration of maple syrup. Microchem J 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.microc.2021.105969] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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Akoka S, Remaud GS. NMR-based isotopic and isotopomic analysis. PROGRESS IN NUCLEAR MAGNETIC RESONANCE SPECTROSCOPY 2020; 120-121:1-24. [PMID: 33198965 DOI: 10.1016/j.pnmrs.2020.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2020] [Revised: 07/01/2020] [Accepted: 07/02/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Molecules exist in different isotopic compositions and most of the processes, physical or chemical, in living systems cause selection between heavy and light isotopes. Thus, knowing the isotopic fractionation of the common atoms, such as H, C, N, O or S, at each step during a metabolic pathway allows the construction of a unique isotope profile that reflects its past history. Having access to the isotope abundance gives valuable clues about the (bio)chemical origin of biological or synthetic molecules. Whereas the isotope ratio measured by mass spectrometry provides a global isotope composition, quantitative NMR measures isotope ratios at individual positions within a molecule. We present here the requirements and the corresponding experimental strategies to use quantitative NMR for measuring intramolecular isotope profiles. After an introduction showing the historical evolution of NMR for measuring isotope ratios, the vocabulary and symbols - for describing the isotope content and quantifying its change - are defined. Then, the theoretical framework of very accurate quantitative NMR is presented as the principle of Isotope Ratio Measurement by NMR spectroscopy, including the practical aspects with nuclei other than 2H, that have been developed and employed to date. Lastly, the most relevant applications covering three issues, tackling counterfeiting, authentication, and forensic investigation, are presented, before giving some perspectives combining technical improvements and methodological approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Serge Akoka
- Université de Nantes, CNRS, CEISAM, UMR 6230, F-44000 Nantes, France.
| | - Gérald S Remaud
- Université de Nantes, CNRS, CEISAM, UMR 6230, F-44000 Nantes, France.
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8
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Guyader S, Thomas F, Jamin E, Grand M, Akoka S, Silvestre V, Remaud GS. Combination of13C and2HSNIF‐NMRisotopic fingerprints of vanillin to control its precursors. FLAVOUR FRAG J 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/ffj.3486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sophie Guyader
- Eurofins Analytics France 9 Rue Pierre Adolphe Bobierre, BP 42301 F‐44323 Nantes Cedex 3 France
| | - Freddy Thomas
- Eurofins Analytics France 9 Rue Pierre Adolphe Bobierre, BP 42301 F‐44323 Nantes Cedex 3 France
| | - Eric Jamin
- Eurofins Analytics France 9 Rue Pierre Adolphe Bobierre, BP 42301 F‐44323 Nantes Cedex 3 France
| | - Mathilde Grand
- EBSI Team, CEISAM, University of Nantes, CNRS UMR 6230 2 Rue de la Houssinière, BP 92208 F‐44322 Nantes France
| | - Serge Akoka
- EBSI Team, CEISAM, University of Nantes, CNRS UMR 6230 2 Rue de la Houssinière, BP 92208 F‐44322 Nantes France
| | - Virginie Silvestre
- EBSI Team, CEISAM, University of Nantes, CNRS UMR 6230 2 Rue de la Houssinière, BP 92208 F‐44322 Nantes France
| | - Gérald S. Remaud
- EBSI Team, CEISAM, University of Nantes, CNRS UMR 6230 2 Rue de la Houssinière, BP 92208 F‐44322 Nantes France
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10
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11
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Julien M, Höhener P, Robins RJ, Parinet J, Remaud GS. Position-Specific 13C Fractionation during Liquid–Vapor Transition Correlated to the Strength of Intermolecular Interaction in the Liquid Phase. J Phys Chem B 2017; 121:5810-5817. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.7b00971] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Maxime Julien
- EBSI
Team, CEISAM, University of Nantes−CNRS UMR 6230, 2 rue de la
Houssinière BP 92208, F-44322 Nantes, France
| | - Patrick Höhener
- Aix Marseille
Univ, CNRS UMR 7376, Laboratoire Chimie Environnement, 3 place Victor Hugo, F-13331 Marseille, France
| | - Richard J. Robins
- EBSI
Team, CEISAM, University of Nantes−CNRS UMR 6230, 2 rue de la
Houssinière BP 92208, F-44322 Nantes, France
| | - Julien Parinet
- Aix Marseille
Univ, CNRS UMR 7376, Laboratoire Chimie Environnement, 3 place Victor Hugo, F-13331 Marseille, France
| | - Gérald S. Remaud
- EBSI
Team, CEISAM, University of Nantes−CNRS UMR 6230, 2 rue de la
Houssinière BP 92208, F-44322 Nantes, France
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12
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Jézéquel T, Joubert V, Giraudeau P, Remaud GS, Akoka S. The new face of isotopic NMR at natural abundance. MAGNETIC RESONANCE IN CHEMISTRY : MRC 2017; 55:77-90. [PMID: 27921330 DOI: 10.1002/mrc.4548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2016] [Revised: 10/28/2016] [Accepted: 11/02/2016] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
The most widely used method for isotope analysis at natural abundance is isotope ratio monitoring by Mass Spectrometry (irm-MS) which provides bulk isotopic composition in 2 H, 13 C, 15 N, 18 O or 34 S. However, in the 1980s, the direct access to Site-specific Natural Isotope Fractionation by Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (SNIF-NMRTM ) was immediately recognized as a powerful technique to authenticate the origin of natural or synthetic products. The initial - and still most popular - application consisted in detecting the chaptalization of wines by irm-2 H NMR. The approach has been extended to a wide range of methodologies over the last decade, paving the way to a wide range of applications, not only in the field of authentication but also to study metabolism. In particular, the emerging irm-13 C NMR approach delivers direct access to position-specific 13 C isotope content at natural abundance. After highlighting the application scope of irm-NMR (2 H and 13 C), this article describes the major improvements which made possible to reach the required accuracy of 1‰ (0.1%) in irm-13 C NMR. The last part of the manuscript summarizes the different steps to perform isotope analysis as a function of the sample properties (concentration, peak overlap) and the kind of targeted isotopic information (authentication, affiliation). Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tangi Jézéquel
- Université de Nantes, CNRS, CEISAM UMR 6230, Nantes, France
| | | | - Patrick Giraudeau
- Université de Nantes, CNRS, CEISAM UMR 6230, Nantes, France
- Institut Universitaire de France, Paris, France
| | | | - Serge Akoka
- Université de Nantes, CNRS, CEISAM UMR 6230, Nantes, France
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13
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Remaud GS, Akoka S. A review of flavors authentication by position-specific isotope analysis by nuclear magnetic resonance spectrometry: the example of vanillin. FLAVOUR FRAG J 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/ffj.3366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Gérald S. Remaud
- Université de Nantes; CNRS Chimie et Interdisciplinarité: Synthèse, Analyse et Modélisation (CEISAM); UMR 6230, 2 rue de la Houssinière, BP 92208 F-44322 Nantes cedex 3 France
| | - Serge Akoka
- Université de Nantes; CNRS Chimie et Interdisciplinarité: Synthèse, Analyse et Modélisation (CEISAM); UMR 6230, 2 rue de la Houssinière, BP 92208 F-44322 Nantes cedex 3 France
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Evaluation of on-line pyrolysis coupled to isotope ratio mass spectrometry for the determination of position-specific 13C isotope composition of short chain n-alkanes (C6–C12). Talanta 2016; 153:158-62. [DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2016.03.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2016] [Revised: 03/01/2016] [Accepted: 03/02/2016] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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15
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Gauchotte-Lindsay C, Turnbull SM. On-line high-precision carbon position-specific stable isotope analysis: A review. Trends Analyt Chem 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.trac.2015.07.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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16
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Guyon F, van Leeuwen C, Gaillard L, Grand M, Akoka S, Remaud GS, Sabathié N, Salagoïty MH. Comparative study of ¹³C composition in ethanol and bulk dry wine using isotope ratio monitoring by mass spectrometry and by nuclear magnetic resonance as an indicator of vine water status. Anal Bioanal Chem 2015; 407:9053-60. [PMID: 26438472 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-015-9072-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2015] [Revised: 09/17/2015] [Accepted: 09/22/2015] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
The potential of wine (13)C isotope composition (δ(13)C) is presented to assess vine water status during grape ripening. Measurements of δ(13)C have been performed on a set of 32 authentic wines and their ethanol recovered after distillation. The data, obtained by isotope ratio monitoring by mass spectrometry coupled to an elemental analyser (irm-EA/MS), show a high correlation between δ(13)C of the bulk wine and its ethanol, indicating that the distillation step is not necessary when the wine has not been submitted to any oenological treatment. Therefore, the ethanol/wine δ(13)C correlation can be used as an indicator of possible enrichment of the grape must or the wine with exogenous organic compounds. Wine ethanol δ(13)C is correlated to predawn leaf water potential (R(2) = 0.69), indicating that this parameter can be used as an indicator of vine water status. Position-specific (13)C analysis (PSIA) of ethanol extracted from wine, performed by isotope ratio monitoring by nuclear magnetic resonance (irm-(13)C NMR), confirmed the non-homogenous repartition of (13)C on ethanol skeleton. It is the δ(13)C of the methylene group of ethanol, compared to the methyl moiety, which is the most correlated to predawn leaf water potential, indicating that a phase of photorespiration of the vine during water stress period is most probably occurring due to stomata closure. However, position-specific (13)C analysis by irm-(13)C NMR does not offer a greater precision in the assessment of vine water status compared to direct measurement of δ(13)C on bulk wine by irm-EA/MS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francois Guyon
- Service Commun des Laboratoires, 3 Avenue du Dr. Albert Schweitzer, 33608, Pessac cedex, France.
| | - Cornelis van Leeuwen
- Bordeaux Sciences Agro, University of Bordeaux, ISVV, Ecophysiology and Functional Genomics of Grapevines, UMR 1287, 33140, Villenave d'Ornon, France
| | - Laetitia Gaillard
- Service Commun des Laboratoires, 3 Avenue du Dr. Albert Schweitzer, 33608, Pessac cedex, France
| | - Mathilde Grand
- EBSI Team, CEISAM, UMR CNR6230, 2 rue de la Houssinière, BP 92208, 44322, Nantes cedex 3, France
| | - Serge Akoka
- EBSI Team, CEISAM, UMR CNR6230, 2 rue de la Houssinière, BP 92208, 44322, Nantes cedex 3, France
| | - Gérald S Remaud
- EBSI Team, CEISAM, UMR CNR6230, 2 rue de la Houssinière, BP 92208, 44322, Nantes cedex 3, France
| | - Nathalie Sabathié
- Service Commun des Laboratoires, 3 Avenue du Dr. Albert Schweitzer, 33608, Pessac cedex, France
| | - Marie-Hélène Salagoïty
- Service Commun des Laboratoires, 3 Avenue du Dr. Albert Schweitzer, 33608, Pessac cedex, France
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17
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Julien M, Parinet J, Nun P, Bayle K, Höhener P, Robins RJ, Remaud GS. Fractionation in position-specific isotope composition during vaporization of environmental pollutants measured with isotope ratio monitoring by ¹³C nuclear magnetic resonance spectrometry. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2015; 205:299-306. [PMID: 26123718 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2015.05.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2015] [Revised: 05/19/2015] [Accepted: 05/22/2015] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
Isotopic fractionation of pollutants in terrestrial or aqueous environments is a well-recognized means by which to track different processes during remediation. As a complement to the common practice of measuring the change in isotope ratio for the whole molecule using isotope ratio monitoring by mass spectrometry (irm-MS), position-specific isotope analysis (PSIA) can provide further information that can be exploited to investigate source and remediation of soil and water pollutants. Position-specific fractionation originates from either degradative or partitioning processes. We show that isotope ratio monitoring by (13)C NMR (irm-(13)C NMR) spectrometry can be effectively applied to methyl tert-butylether, toluene, ethanol and trichloroethene to obtain this position-specific data for partitioning. It is found that each compound exhibits characteristic position-specific isotope fractionation patterns, and that these are modulated by the type of evaporative process occurring. Such data should help refine models of how remediation is taking place, hence back-tracking to identify pollutant sources.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maxime Julien
- EBSI Team, CEISAM, University of Nantes-CNRS UMR 6230, 2 rue de la Houssinière BP 92208, F-44322 Nantes, France
| | - Julien Parinet
- University of Aix-Marseille-CNRS, Laboratoire Chimie Environnement FRE 3416, Place Victor Hugo 3, 13331 Marseille, France
| | - Pierrick Nun
- EBSI Team, CEISAM, University of Nantes-CNRS UMR 6230, 2 rue de la Houssinière BP 92208, F-44322 Nantes, France
| | - Kevin Bayle
- EBSI Team, CEISAM, University of Nantes-CNRS UMR 6230, 2 rue de la Houssinière BP 92208, F-44322 Nantes, France
| | - Patrick Höhener
- University of Aix-Marseille-CNRS, Laboratoire Chimie Environnement FRE 3416, Place Victor Hugo 3, 13331 Marseille, France
| | - Richard J Robins
- EBSI Team, CEISAM, University of Nantes-CNRS UMR 6230, 2 rue de la Houssinière BP 92208, F-44322 Nantes, France
| | - Gérald S Remaud
- EBSI Team, CEISAM, University of Nantes-CNRS UMR 6230, 2 rue de la Houssinière BP 92208, F-44322 Nantes, France.
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Jiang W, Xue J, Liu X, Wang DL, Guo Y, Wang L. The application of SNIF-NMR and IRMS combined with C, H and O isotopes for detecting the geographical origin of Chinese wines. Int J Food Sci Technol 2014. [DOI: 10.1111/ijfs.12686] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Wei Jiang
- Department of Brewing Engineering; China National Research Institute of Food & Fermentation Industries; Room 425, Building 6, No. 24, Jiuxianqiao Middle Road, Chaoyang District Beijing 100015 China
- China National Research Institute of Food & Fermentation Industries; Room 425, Building 6, No. 24, Jiuxianqiao Middle Road, Chaoyang District Beijing 100015 China
- Sino-Germany United Research Center of Fermented alcohol Quality & Safety; Room 425, Building 6, No. 24, Jiuxianqiao Middle Road, Chaoyang District Beijing 100015 China
| | - Jie Xue
- Department of Brewing Engineering; China National Research Institute of Food & Fermentation Industries; Room 425, Building 6, No. 24, Jiuxianqiao Middle Road, Chaoyang District Beijing 100015 China
- China National Research Institute of Food & Fermentation Industries; Room 425, Building 6, No. 24, Jiuxianqiao Middle Road, Chaoyang District Beijing 100015 China
- Sino-Germany United Research Center of Fermented alcohol Quality & Safety; Room 425, Building 6, No. 24, Jiuxianqiao Middle Road, Chaoyang District Beijing 100015 China
| | - Xiang Liu
- Department of Brewing Engineering; China National Research Institute of Food & Fermentation Industries; Room 425, Building 6, No. 24, Jiuxianqiao Middle Road, Chaoyang District Beijing 100015 China
- China National Research Institute of Food & Fermentation Industries; Room 425, Building 6, No. 24, Jiuxianqiao Middle Road, Chaoyang District Beijing 100015 China
- Sino-Germany United Research Center of Fermented alcohol Quality & Safety; Room 425, Building 6, No. 24, Jiuxianqiao Middle Road, Chaoyang District Beijing 100015 China
- College of Biotechnology; Tianjin University of Science & Technology; No. 29, 13th. Avenue, Tianjin Economic and Technological Development Area(TEDA) Tianjin China 300457
| | - De-liang Wang
- Department of Brewing Engineering; China National Research Institute of Food & Fermentation Industries; Room 425, Building 6, No. 24, Jiuxianqiao Middle Road, Chaoyang District Beijing 100015 China
- China National Research Institute of Food & Fermentation Industries; Room 425, Building 6, No. 24, Jiuxianqiao Middle Road, Chaoyang District Beijing 100015 China
- Sino-Germany United Research Center of Fermented alcohol Quality & Safety; Room 425, Building 6, No. 24, Jiuxianqiao Middle Road, Chaoyang District Beijing 100015 China
| | - Yang Guo
- Department of Brewing Engineering; China National Research Institute of Food & Fermentation Industries; Room 425, Building 6, No. 24, Jiuxianqiao Middle Road, Chaoyang District Beijing 100015 China
- China National Research Institute of Food & Fermentation Industries; Room 425, Building 6, No. 24, Jiuxianqiao Middle Road, Chaoyang District Beijing 100015 China
- Sino-Germany United Research Center of Fermented alcohol Quality & Safety; Room 425, Building 6, No. 24, Jiuxianqiao Middle Road, Chaoyang District Beijing 100015 China
| | - Lu Wang
- Department of Brewing Engineering; China National Research Institute of Food & Fermentation Industries; Room 425, Building 6, No. 24, Jiuxianqiao Middle Road, Chaoyang District Beijing 100015 China
- China National Research Institute of Food & Fermentation Industries; Room 425, Building 6, No. 24, Jiuxianqiao Middle Road, Chaoyang District Beijing 100015 China
- Sino-Germany United Research Center of Fermented alcohol Quality & Safety; Room 425, Building 6, No. 24, Jiuxianqiao Middle Road, Chaoyang District Beijing 100015 China
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering; Xinjiang University; No.14 Shengli Road, Tianshan District Urumqi Xinjiang China 830046
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19
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Conditions to obtain precise and true measurements of the intramolecular 13C distribution in organic molecules by isotopic 13C nuclear magnetic resonance spectrometry. Anal Chim Acta 2014; 846:1-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2014.07.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2014] [Revised: 07/09/2014] [Accepted: 07/13/2014] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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20
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Yamada K, Kikuchi M, Gilbert A, Yoshida N, Wasano N, Hattori R, Hirano S. Evaluation of commercially available reagents as a reference material for intramolecular carbon isotopic measurements of acetic acid. RAPID COMMUNICATIONS IN MASS SPECTROMETRY : RCM 2014; 28:1821-1828. [PMID: 25559452 DOI: 10.1002/rcm.6964] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2014] [Revised: 06/09/2014] [Accepted: 06/09/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
RATIONALE Recent advances in analytical techniques for the intramolecular carbon isotopic ratio measurement of some organic compounds have provided important information on carbon cycles in biochemistry, organic geochemistry and food chemistry. These advances have made it necessary to prepare intramolecular isotopic reference materials (RMs) to use for inter-laboratory calibration and/or inter-calibration among different analytical methods. METHODS We evaluated the feasibility of preparing RMs using commercially available reagents for intramolecular carbon isotopic ratio measurement of acetic acid. The intramolecular carbon isotopic distribution of nine acetic acid and four sodium acetate reagents was determined with high precision using off-line pyrolysis combined with gas chromatography-combustion-isotope ratio mass spectrometry (GC-C-IRMS). We also evaluated the potential alteration in the isotopic signature of acetic acid reagents by evaporation. RESULTS The intramolecular carbon isotopic distributions for the acetic acid and sodium acetate reagents were determined with a precision of better than 0.45‰. We found that the isotopic values of these reagents spanned the carbon isotopic range of acetic acid in biological and environmental samples. We also found that the isotope fractionation associated with the evaporation of acetic acid occurs solely on the methyl position, the carboxyl position being unaffected. CONCLUSIONS These commercially available reagents will be used as RMs in the future for inter-laboratory calibration and/or inter-calibration with another intramolecular isotopic measurement technique, namely quantitative (13) C NMR. In cases where acetic acid is being used as a RM, its storage must be carefully controlled to prevent evaporation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keita Yamada
- Interdisciplinary Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 4259 Nagatsuta-cho, Midori-ku, Yokohama, 226-8503, Japan
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21
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Chaintreau A, Fieber W, Sommer H, Gilbert A, Yamada K, Yoshida N, Pagelot A, Moskau D, Moreno A, Schleucher J, Reniero F, Holland M, Guillou C, Silvestre V, Akoka S, Remaud GS. Site-specific 13C content by quantitative isotopic 13C Nuclear Magnetic Resonance spectrometry: A pilot inter-laboratory study. Anal Chim Acta 2013; 788:108-13. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2013.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2013] [Revised: 05/31/2013] [Accepted: 06/06/2013] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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22
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Gilbert A, Yamada K, Yoshida N. Accurate Method for the Determination of Intramolecular 13C Isotope Composition of Ethanol from Aqueous Solutions. Anal Chem 2013; 85:6566-70. [DOI: 10.1021/ac401021p] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Alexis Gilbert
- Department of Environmental
Chemistry and Engineering, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 4259 Nagatsuta-cho, Midori-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa 226-8503, Japan
| | - Keita Yamada
- Department of Environmental
Chemistry and Engineering, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 4259 Nagatsuta-cho, Midori-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa 226-8503, Japan
| | - Naohiro Yoshida
- Department of Environmental
Chemistry and Engineering, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 4259 Nagatsuta-cho, Midori-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa 226-8503, Japan
- Earth-Life Science Institute, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Meguro, Tokyo 152-8551,
Japan
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