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Geng C, Dong Z, Zhang T, Yang Z, Xu Z, Liang S, Ding X. Advances in atmospheric pressure plasma-based optical emission spectrometry for the analysis of heavy metals. Talanta 2024; 270:125634. [PMID: 38215585 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2024.125634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2023] [Revised: 01/03/2024] [Accepted: 01/04/2024] [Indexed: 01/14/2024]
Abstract
Over the past decade, miniaturized optical emission spectrometry (OES) systems utilizing atmospheric pressure plasmas (APPs) as radiation sources have exhibited impressive capabilities in trace heavy metal analysis. As the core of the analytical system, APPs sources possess unique properties such as compact size, light weight, low energy requirement, ease of fabrication, and relatively low manufacturing cost. This critical review focuses on recent progress of APP-based OES systems employed for the determination of heavy metals. Influences of technical details including the sample introduction manner, the sampling volume, the sample flow rate, the pH of the solutions on the plasma stability and the intensity of analytical signals are comprehensively discussed. Furthermore, the review emphasizes the analytical challenges faced by these techniques and highlights the opportunities for further development in the field of heavy metal detection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chaoqun Geng
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, School of Pharmacy, Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266071, China
| | - Zheng Dong
- Shandong Qingdao Hospital of Integrated Traditional and Western Medicine, Qingdao, 266002, China
| | - Tiantian Zhang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, School of Pharmacy, Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266071, China
| | - Zhao Yang
- Qingdao Institute for Food and Drug Control, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Zewen Xu
- Shandong Institute for Food and Drug Control, Jinan 250101, China
| | - Shuai Liang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266071, China.
| | - Xuelu Ding
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, School of Pharmacy, Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266071, China.
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2
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Patel KS, Pandey PK, Martín-Ramos P, Corns WT, Varol S, Bhattacharya P, Zhu Y. A review on arsenic in the environment: contamination, mobility, sources, and exposure. RSC Adv 2023; 13:8803-8821. [PMID: 36936841 PMCID: PMC10020839 DOI: 10.1039/d3ra00789h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2023] [Accepted: 03/09/2023] [Indexed: 03/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Arsenic is one of the regulated hazard materials in the environment and a persistent pollutant creating environmental, agricultural and health issues and posing a serious risk to humans. In the present review, sources and mobility of As in various compartments of the environment (air, water, soil and sediment) around the World are comprehensively investigated, along with measures of health hazards. Multiple atomic spectrometric approaches have been applied for total and speciation analysis of As chemical species. The LoD values are basically under 1 μg L-1, which is sufficient for the analysis of As or its chemical species in environmental samples. Both natural and anthropogenic sources contributed to As in air, while fine particulate matter tends to have higher concentrations of arsenic and results in high concentrations of As up to a maximum of 1660 ng m-3 in urban areas. Sources for As in natural waters (as dissolved or in particulate form) can be attributed to natural deposits, agricultural and industrial effluents, for which the maximum concentration of 2000 μg L-1 was found in groundwater. Sources for As in soil can be the initial contents, fossil fuel burning products, industrial effluents, pesticides, and so on, with a maximum reported concentration up to 4600 mg kg-1. Sources for As in sediments can be attributed to their reservoirs, with a maximum reported concentration up to 2500 mg kg-1. It is notable that some reported concentrations of As in the environment are several times higher than permissible limits. However, many aspects of arsenic environmental chemistry including contamination of the environment, quantification, mobility, removal and health hazards are still unclear.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khageshwar Singh Patel
- Department of Applied Sciences, Amity University Manth (Kharora), State Highway 9 Raipur-493225 CG India
| | - Piyush Kant Pandey
- Amity University Manth (Kharora), State Highway 9 Raipur-493225 CG India
| | - Pablo Martín-Ramos
- Department of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, EPS, Instituto de Investigación en Ciencias Ambientales de Aragón (IUCA), University of Zaragoza Carretera de Cuarte, s/n 22071 Huesca Spain
| | - Warren T Corns
- PS Analytical Ltd, Arthur House Unit 11 Cray fields Industrial Estate Orpington Kent BR5 3HP UK
| | - Simge Varol
- Department of Geological Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Suleyman Demirel University Çünür Isparta-32260 Turkey
| | - Prosun Bhattacharya
- KTH-International Groundwater Arsenic Research Group, Department of Sustainable Development, Environmental Science and Engineering, KTH Royal Institute of Technology Teknikringen 10B SE-100 44 Stockholm Sweden
| | - Yanbei Zhu
- Environmental Standards Research Group, Research Institute for Material and Chemical Measurement, National Metrology Institute of Japan (NMIJ), National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST) 1-1-1 Umezono, Tsukuba Ibaraki 305-8563 Japan
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Magana-Maldonado LM, Wrobel K, Espinoza Cruz TL, Yanez Barrientos E, Corrales Escobosa AR, Wrobel K. Application of hydride generation - microwave plasma - atomic emission spectrometry and partial least squares regression for the determination of antimony directly in water and in PET after alkaline methanolysis. CHEMOSPHERE 2023; 313:137316. [PMID: 36414033 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2022.137316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2022] [Revised: 10/20/2022] [Accepted: 11/17/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Antimony is present in different types of plastics as a catalyzer residue and/or as a synergistic fire retardant; relatively high concentrations of this element reported in polyethylene terephthalate (PET) bottles and wrappers as well as its migration to the edible products or to different environment compartments are of concern. In this work, Sb determination is such products had been undertaken using hydride generation - microwave plasma - atomic emission spectrometry. To avoid harsh conditions typically reported for the digestion of PET, alkaline methanolysis was introduced whereas water samples were analyzed directly. Another original approach was to perform quantification by partial least squares regression (PLS1), taking spectral data from 2-nm range that comprised two emission lines (217.581 nm and less intense 217.919 nm). For PET, the calibration solutions contained Sb-free digest and covered the Sb concentration range 80-230 μg L-1. For the analysis of water, the calibration range was 0.5-10 μg L-1 and aqueous standard solutions were used. PLS1 provided reliable prediction, eliminating spectral interferences detected in the presence of PET digests and compensating for the spectral changes observed at low Sb concentrations. After standard addition to the real-world samples, the percentage recoveries were in the range 93.8-99.3% and 68-102% for PET and for bottled water, respectively. The method quantification limit for PET was 10 mg kg-1 and for water it corresponded to 0.20 μg L-1. The concentrations of Sb found in the analyzed samples were: 154-279 mg kg-1 for PET bottles and <0.5-5.30 μg L-1 for water.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luis Mario Magana-Maldonado
- Chemistry Department, Division of Natural and Exact Sciences, University of Guanajuato, L. de Retana 5, 36000, Guanajuato, Mexico
| | - Katarzyna Wrobel
- Chemistry Department, Division of Natural and Exact Sciences, University of Guanajuato, L. de Retana 5, 36000, Guanajuato, Mexico
| | - Tania Lizeth Espinoza Cruz
- Chemistry Department, Division of Natural and Exact Sciences, University of Guanajuato, L. de Retana 5, 36000, Guanajuato, Mexico
| | - Eunice Yanez Barrientos
- Chemistry Department, Division of Natural and Exact Sciences, University of Guanajuato, L. de Retana 5, 36000, Guanajuato, Mexico
| | - Alma Rosa Corrales Escobosa
- Chemistry Department, Division of Natural and Exact Sciences, University of Guanajuato, L. de Retana 5, 36000, Guanajuato, Mexico
| | - Kazimierz Wrobel
- Chemistry Department, Division of Natural and Exact Sciences, University of Guanajuato, L. de Retana 5, 36000, Guanajuato, Mexico.
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4
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Recent developments in determination and speciation of arsenic in environmental and biological samples by atomic spectrometry. Microchem J 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.microc.2019.104312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
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Magnetic solid-phase extraction and determination of ultra-trace amounts of antimony in aqueous solutions using maghemite nanoparticles. Food Chem 2019; 287:382-389. [PMID: 30857715 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2019.02.112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2018] [Revised: 02/05/2019] [Accepted: 02/23/2019] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A magnetic solid-phase extraction method was developed using maghemite as an efficient sorbent for the separation and preconcentration of antimony prior to its determination by ET-AAS. Maghemite was synthesized through a simple method and characterized by XRD, FT-IR and SEM. Various factors affecting maghemite synthesis, separation and preconcentration of antimony such as desorption solvent type, concentration and volume, desorption temperature and time, sample pH, amount of sorbent, and extraction temperature and time were optimized. The effects of interfering ions were also investigated. Under optimized conditions, the method exhibited good linearity (r2 > 0.9960). The sorption capacity and enrichment factor (EF) of the method were 37.5 mg g-1 and 242, respectively. The limit of detection (LOD) was 0.03 ng mL-1. The intraday, interday, and batch-to-batch relative standard deviations (%RSDs) were quite reasonable. The proposed method was applied to various real samples and the relative recoveries found were between 95.8 and 104.0 %.
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Nan K, He M, Chen B, Chen Y, Hu B. Arsenic speciation in tree moss by mass spectrometry based hyphenated techniques. Talanta 2018; 183:48-54. [DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2018.02.055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2017] [Revised: 02/12/2018] [Accepted: 02/13/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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Butaciu S, Senila M, Sarbu C, Ponta M, Tanaselia C, Cadar O, Roman M, Radu E, Sima M, Frentiu T. Chemical modeling of groundwater in the Banat Plain, southwestern Romania, with elevated As content and co-occurring species by combining diagrams and unsupervised multivariate statistical approaches. CHEMOSPHERE 2017; 172:127-137. [PMID: 28063315 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2016.12.130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2016] [Revised: 12/21/2016] [Accepted: 12/26/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
The study proposes a combined model based on diagrams (Gibbs, Piper, Stuyfzand Hydrogeochemical Classification System) and unsupervised statistical approaches (Cluster Analysis, Principal Component Analysis, Fuzzy Principal Component Analysis, Fuzzy Hierarchical Cross-Clustering) to describe natural enrichment of inorganic arsenic and co-occurring species in groundwater in the Banat Plain, southwestern Romania. Speciation of inorganic As (arsenite, arsenate), ion concentrations (Na+, K+, Ca2+, Mg2+, HCO3-, Cl-, F-, SO42-, PO43-, NO3-), pH, redox potential, conductivity and total dissolved substances were performed. Classical diagrams provided the hydrochemical characterization, while statistical approaches were helpful to establish (i) the mechanism of naturally occurring of As and F- species and the anthropogenic one for NO3-, SO42-, PO43- and K+ and (ii) classification of groundwater based on content of arsenic species. The HCO3- type of local groundwater and alkaline pH (8.31-8.49) were found to be responsible for the enrichment of arsenic species and occurrence of F- but by different paths. The PO43--AsO43- ion exchange, water-rock interaction (silicates hydrolysis and desorption from clay) were associated to arsenate enrichment in the oxidizing aquifer. Fuzzy Hierarchical Cross-Clustering was the strongest tool for the rapid simultaneous classification of groundwaters as a function of arsenic content and hydrogeochemical characteristics. The approach indicated the Na+-F--pH cluster as marker for groundwater with naturally elevated As and highlighted which parameters need to be monitored. A chemical conceptual model illustrating the natural and anthropogenic paths and enrichment of As and co-occurring species in the local groundwater supported by mineralogical analysis of rocks was established.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sinziana Butaciu
- Babes-Bolyai University, Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Arany Janos 11, 400028, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Marin Senila
- National Institute for Research and Development of Optoelectronics Bucharest, Research Institute for Analytical Instrumentation, Donath 67, 400293, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Costel Sarbu
- Babes-Bolyai University, Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Arany Janos 11, 400028, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Michaela Ponta
- Babes-Bolyai University, Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Arany Janos 11, 400028, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Claudiu Tanaselia
- National Institute for Research and Development of Optoelectronics Bucharest, Research Institute for Analytical Instrumentation, Donath 67, 400293, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Oana Cadar
- National Institute for Research and Development of Optoelectronics Bucharest, Research Institute for Analytical Instrumentation, Donath 67, 400293, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Marius Roman
- National Institute for Research and Development of Optoelectronics Bucharest, Research Institute for Analytical Instrumentation, Donath 67, 400293, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Emil Radu
- National Institute of Hydrology and Water Management, Bucuresti-Ploiesti 97, 013686, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Mihaela Sima
- Romanian Academy, Institute of Geography, Dimitrie Racovita 12, 023993, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Tiberiu Frentiu
- Babes-Bolyai University, Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Arany Janos 11, 400028, Cluj-Napoca, Romania.
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Yang C, He D, Zhu Z, Peng H, Liu Z, Wen G, Bai J, Zheng H, Hu S, Wang Y. Battery-Operated Atomic Emission Analyzer for Waterborne Arsenic Based on Atmospheric Pressure Glow Discharge Excitation Source. Anal Chem 2017; 89:3694-3701. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.6b05158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Chun Yang
- State
Key Laboratory of Biogeology and Environmental Geology, School of
Earth Sciences, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan, China, 430074
| | - Dong He
- State
Key Laboratory of Biogeology and Environmental Geology, School of
Earth Sciences, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan, China, 430074
| | - Zhenli Zhu
- State
Key Laboratory of Biogeology and Environmental Geology, School of
Earth Sciences, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan, China, 430074
| | - Huan Peng
- State
Key Laboratory of Biogeology and Environmental Geology, School of
Earth Sciences, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan, China, 430074
| | - Zhifu Liu
- State
Key Laboratory of Biogeology and Environmental Geology, School of
Earth Sciences, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan, China, 430074
| | - Guojun Wen
- School
of Mechanical Engineering and Electronic Information, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan, China, 430074
| | - Jianghao Bai
- School
of Mechanical Engineering and Electronic Information, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan, China, 430074
| | - Hongtao Zheng
- Faculty
of Material Science and Chemistry, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan, China, 430074
| | - Shenghong Hu
- State
Key Laboratory of Biogeology and Environmental Geology, School of
Earth Sciences, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan, China, 430074
| | - Yanxin Wang
- State
Key Laboratory of Biogeology and Environmental Geology, School of
Earth Sciences, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan, China, 430074
- State
Key Laboratory of Biogeology and Environmental Geology, School of
Environmental Studies, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan, China, 430074
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Havia J, Pietilä H, Niemelä M, Perämäki P. Internal standardization using a dual mode sample introduction system in the determination of As by HG-ICP-MS. Microchem J 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.microc.2016.06.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Butaciu S, Frentiu T, Senila M, Darvasi E, Cadar S, Ponta M, Petreus D, Etz R, Frentiu M. Determination of Cd in food using an electrothermal vaporization capacitively coupled plasma microtorch optical emission microspectrometer: Compliance with European legislation and comparison with graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrometry. Food Control 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodcont.2015.09.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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Frentiu T, Darvasi E, Butaciu S, Ponta M, Petreus D, Etz R, Frentiu M. Application of low-cost electrothermal vaporization capacitively coupled plasma microtorch optical emission spectrometry for simultaneous determination of Cd and Pb in environmental samples. Microchem J 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.microc.2015.03.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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12
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On the coupling of hydride generation with atmospheric pressure glow discharge in contact with the flowing liquid cathode for the determination of arsenic, antimony and selenium with optical emission spectrometry. Talanta 2015; 137:11-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2014.11.073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2014] [Revised: 10/24/2014] [Accepted: 11/02/2014] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Slurry sampling flow injection chemical vapor generation inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry for the determination of trace Ge, As, Cd, Sb, Hg and Bi in cosmetic lotions. Anal Chim Acta 2015; 860:8-14. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2015.01.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2014] [Revised: 01/07/2015] [Accepted: 01/08/2015] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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Frentiu T, Butaciu S, Ponta M, Senila M, Darvasi E, Frentiu M, Petreus D. Determination of Total Mercury in Fish Tissue Using a Low-Cost Cold Vapor Capacitively Coupled Plasma Microtorch Optical Emission Microspectrometer: Comparison with Direct Mercury Determination by Thermal Decomposition Atomic Absorption Spectrometry. FOOD ANAL METHOD 2014. [DOI: 10.1007/s12161-014-9940-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Frentiu T, Darvasi E, Butaciu S, Ponta M, Petreus D, Mihaltan AI, Frentiu M. A miniaturized capacitively coupled plasma microtorch optical emission spectrometer and a Rh coiled-filament as small-sized electrothermal vaporization device for simultaneous determination of volatile elements from liquid microsamples: spectral and analytical characterization. Talanta 2014; 129:72-8. [PMID: 25127566 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2014.04.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2014] [Revised: 04/09/2014] [Accepted: 04/15/2014] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
A low power and low argon consumption (13.56 MHz, 15 W, 150 ml min(-1)) capacitively coupled plasma microtorch interfaced with a low-resolution microspectrometer and a small-sized electrothermal vaporization Rh coiled-filament as liquid microsample introduction device into the plasma was investigated for the simultaneous determination of several volatile elements of interest for environment. Constructive details, spectral and analytical characteristics, and optimum operating conditions of the laboratory equipment for the simultaneous determination of Ag, Cd, Cu, Pb and Zn requiring low vaporization power are provided. The method involves drying of 10 μl sample at 100°C, vaporization at 1500°C and emission measurement by capture of 20 successive spectral episodes each at an integration time of 500 ms. Experiments showed that emission of elements and plasma background were disturbed by the presence of complex matrix and hot Ar flow transporting the microsample into plasma. The emission spectrum of elements is simple, dominated by the resonance lines. The analytical system provided detection limits in the ng ml(-1) range: 0.5(Ag); 1.5(Cd); 5.6(Cu); 20(Pb) and 3(Zn) and absolute detection limits of the order of pg: 5(Ag); 15(Cd); 56(Cu); 200(Pb) and 30(Zn). It was demonstrated the utility and capability of the miniaturized analytical system in the simultaneous determination of elements in soil and water sediment using the standard addition method to compensate for the non-spectral effects of alkali and earth alkaline elements. The analysis of eight certified reference materials exhibited reliable results with recovery in the range of 95-108% and precision of 0.5-9.0% for the five examined elements. The proposed miniaturized analytical system is attractive due to the simple construction of the electrothermal vaporization device and microtorch, low costs associated to plasma generation, high analytical sensitivity and easy-to-run for simultaneous multielemental analysis of liquid microsamples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tiberiu Frentiu
- Babes-Bolyai University, Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Arany Janos 11, 400028 Cluj-Napoca, Romania.
| | - Eugen Darvasi
- Babes-Bolyai University, Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Arany Janos 11, 400028 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Sinziana Butaciu
- Babes-Bolyai University, Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Arany Janos 11, 400028 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Michaela Ponta
- Babes-Bolyai University, Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Arany Janos 11, 400028 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Dorin Petreus
- Technical University of Cluj-Napoca, Faculty of Electronics, Telecommunications and Information Technology, Gh. Baritiu 26-28, 400027 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Alin I Mihaltan
- INCDO-INOE 2000 National Institute for Research and Development of Optoelectronics Bucharest, Research Institute for Analytical Instrumentation, Donath 67, 400293 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Maria Frentiu
- INCDO-INOE 2000 National Institute for Research and Development of Optoelectronics Bucharest, Research Institute for Analytical Instrumentation, Donath 67, 400293 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
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Simple and robust method for lithium traces determination in drinking water by atomic emission using low-power capacitively coupled plasma microtorch and microspectrometer. Food Chem 2013; 141:3621-6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2013.06.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2012] [Revised: 06/02/2013] [Accepted: 06/06/2013] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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