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Hong Y, Birse N, Quinn B, Li Y, Jia W, van Ruth S, Elliott CT. MALDI-ToF MS and chemometric analysis as a tool for identifying wild and farmed salmon. Food Chem 2024; 432:137279. [PMID: 37657341 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2023.137279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2023] [Revised: 08/10/2023] [Accepted: 08/23/2023] [Indexed: 09/03/2023]
Abstract
In this study, the difference between wild and farmed salmon production was successfully profiled and differentiated by matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization-time of flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-ToF MS) combined with chemometric analysis. The established method based on multivariate analysis mainly involved principal component analysis (PCA), partial least squares-discriminant analysis (PLS-DA), and orthogonal partial least squares-discriminant analysis (OPLS-DA) as the screening and verifying tools to provide insights into the distinctive features found in wild and farmed salmon products, respectively. The discrimination between farmed and wild salmon was accomplished with 100% classification accuracy using chemometric models, 100% identification accuracy was also achieved in distinguishing wild Salmo salar and Oncorhynchus nerka samples. The results of the present work suggest that the proposed method could serve as a reference for detecting salmon fraud relating to wild or farmed production and expand the application of MALDI-ToF technology further into food authenticity applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunhe Hong
- National Measurement Laboratory, Centre of Excellence in Agriculture and Food Integrity, Institute for Global Food Security, School of Biological Sciences, Queen's University Belfast, United Kingdom
| | - Nicholas Birse
- National Measurement Laboratory, Centre of Excellence in Agriculture and Food Integrity, Institute for Global Food Security, School of Biological Sciences, Queen's University Belfast, United Kingdom.
| | - Brian Quinn
- National Measurement Laboratory, Centre of Excellence in Agriculture and Food Integrity, Institute for Global Food Security, School of Biological Sciences, Queen's University Belfast, United Kingdom
| | - Yicong Li
- National Measurement Laboratory, Centre of Excellence in Agriculture and Food Integrity, Institute for Global Food Security, School of Biological Sciences, Queen's University Belfast, United Kingdom
| | - Wenyang Jia
- National Measurement Laboratory, Centre of Excellence in Agriculture and Food Integrity, Institute for Global Food Security, School of Biological Sciences, Queen's University Belfast, United Kingdom
| | - Saskia van Ruth
- Food Quality and Design Group, Wageningen University and Research, Wageningen, Netherlands; School of Agriculture and Food Science, University College Dublin, Dublin 4, Ireland
| | - Christopher T Elliott
- National Measurement Laboratory, Centre of Excellence in Agriculture and Food Integrity, Institute for Global Food Security, School of Biological Sciences, Queen's University Belfast, United Kingdom; School of Food Science and Technology, Faculty of Science and Technology, Thammasat University, 99 Mhu 18, Pahonyothin Road, Khong Luang, Pathum Thani 12120, Thailand
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2
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Qie M, Li T, Liu CC, Zhao Y. Direct analysis in real time high-resolution mass spectrometry for authenticity assessment of lamb. Food Chem 2022; 390:133143. [PMID: 35567975 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2022.133143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2022] [Revised: 04/21/2022] [Accepted: 05/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
In comparison to more traditional methods of determining food authenticity, such as gas chromatography analysis, the primary advantages of DART-HRMS include its high speed and throughput of analysis. This study used a non-targeted metabolomics method based on real-time high-resolution mass spectrometry combined with chemometric analysis to distinguish lamb samples from four regions. Orthogonal least squares-discriminant analysis revealed a distinct difference between these four lamb regions. The potential markers were chosen based on the variable's importance in projection values, variance, and fold change. A total of 79 markers were identified using the matching chemistry database. These markers differed significantly between lambs in four regions according to heatmap analysis. The linear discriminatory analysis model had an initial classification rate of 100.0% and a cross-validation accuracy of 82.50% on the identified markers. The research demonstrates that DART-HRMS can perform a rapid authentication evaluation of lamb samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengjie Qie
- Institute of Quality Standard & Testing Technology for Agro Products, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China; Key Laboratory of Agro-product Quality and Safety, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Tiwen Li
- ASPEC Technologies Limited, Beijing 100102, China
| | | | - Yan Zhao
- Institute of Quality Standard & Testing Technology for Agro Products, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China; Key Laboratory of Agro-product Quality and Safety, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing 100081, China.
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3
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Birse N, McCarron P, Quinn B, Fox K, Chevallier O, Hong Y, Ch R, Elliott C. Authentication of organically grown vegetables by the application of ambient mass spectrometry and inductively coupled plasma (ICP) mass spectrometry; The leek case study. Food Chem 2022; 370:130851. [PMID: 34530348 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2021.130851] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2021] [Revised: 07/15/2021] [Accepted: 08/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
Health conscious and environmentally aware consumers are purchasing more organically produced foods. They prefer organic fruits and leafy vegetables as these are much less likely to have been exposed to contaminants such as pesticides. The detection of fraudulent activity in this area is difficult to undertake, because many chemical plant protection treatments degrade very quickly or can be washed off to remove evidence of their existence. It was found that when combining DART-MS with a compact, inexpensive and robust single quadrupole mass spectrometer, it was possible to differentiate organic from conventional leeks with 93.8% to 100% accuracy. ICP-MS results showed similar performance, with an ability to differentiate conventional from organic leeks with 92.5% to 98.1% accuracy. This study has paved the way for the certification of vegetables as being organically produced. The next step is to create data libraries to support the roll out of the methodologies described.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas Birse
- ASSET Technology Centre, Institute for Global Food Security, School of Biological Sciences, Queen's University Belfast, Northern Ireland, UK.
| | - Philip McCarron
- ASSET Technology Centre, Institute for Global Food Security, School of Biological Sciences, Queen's University Belfast, Northern Ireland, UK
| | - Brian Quinn
- ASSET Technology Centre, Institute for Global Food Security, School of Biological Sciences, Queen's University Belfast, Northern Ireland, UK
| | - Kimberly Fox
- ASSET Technology Centre, Institute for Global Food Security, School of Biological Sciences, Queen's University Belfast, Northern Ireland, UK
| | - Olivier Chevallier
- ASSET Technology Centre, Institute for Global Food Security, School of Biological Sciences, Queen's University Belfast, Northern Ireland, UK; Avignon Universite, Maison de la Recherchem, Pole Structure et Infrastructure de Recherche Partagée, Campus Jean-Henri Fabre, Bâtiment A - Bureau A104, 301 rue Baruch de Spinoza BP 21239, 84911 Avignon cedex 9, France
| | - Yunhe Hong
- ASSET Technology Centre, Institute for Global Food Security, School of Biological Sciences, Queen's University Belfast, Northern Ireland, UK
| | - Ratnasekhar Ch
- ASSET Technology Centre, Institute for Global Food Security, School of Biological Sciences, Queen's University Belfast, Northern Ireland, UK; Central Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants, P.O. CIMAP, Kukrail Picnic Spot Road, Lucknow 226015, Utter Pradesh, India
| | - Christopher Elliott
- ASSET Technology Centre, Institute for Global Food Security, School of Biological Sciences, Queen's University Belfast, Northern Ireland, UK
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4
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Massaro A, Stella R, Negro A, Bragolusi M, Miano B, Arcangeli G, Biancotto G, Piro R, Tata A. New strategies for the differentiation of fresh and frozen/thawed fish: A rapid and accurate non-targeted method by ambient mass spectrometry and data fusion (part A). Food Control 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodcont.2021.108364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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5
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Zhang X, Ren X, Chingin K. Applications of direct analysis in real time mass spectrometry in food analysis: A review. RAPID COMMUNICATIONS IN MASS SPECTROMETRY : RCM 2021; 35:e9013. [PMID: 33277776 DOI: 10.1002/rcm.9013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2020] [Revised: 10/16/2020] [Accepted: 11/22/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
RATIONALE Direct analysis in real time (DART) combined with mass spectrometry (MS) detection has become one of the most broadly used analytical approaches for the direct molecular characterization of food samples with regard to their chemical quality, safety, origin, and authentication. The major advantages of DART-MS for food analysis include high chemical sensitivity and specificity, high speed and throughput of analysis, simplicity, and the obviation of tedious sample preparation and solvents. METHODS The recent applications of DART coupled with different mass analyzers, including quadrupole, ion trap, Orbitrap, and time of flight, are discussed. In addition, sample pretreatment methods that have been coupled with DART-MS are discussed. RESULTS We summarize the applications of DART-MS in food science and industry published in the period from 2005 to this date. The applications and analytical characteristics are systematically categorized across the three major types of foods: solid foods, liquid foods, and viscous foods. CONCLUSIONS DART-MS has proved its high suitability for the direct, rapid, and high-throughput molecular analysis of very different food samples with minimal or no sample preparation, thus offering a high-speed alternative to liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry (LC/MS) and gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS) approaches that are traditionally employed in food analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoping Zhang
- Jiangxi Key Laboratory for Mass Spectrometry and Instrumentation, East China University of Technology, Nanchang, China
| | - Xiang Ren
- State Key Laboratory of Inorganic Synthesis and Preparative Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Konstantin Chingin
- Jiangxi Key Laboratory for Mass Spectrometry and Instrumentation, East China University of Technology, Nanchang, China
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Barlow RS, Fitzgerald AG, Hughes JM, McMillan KE, Moore SC, Sikes AL, Tobin AB, Watkins PJ. Rapid Evaporative Ionization Mass Spectrometry: A Review on Its Application to the Red Meat Industry with an Australian Context. Metabolites 2021; 11:171. [PMID: 33804276 PMCID: PMC8000567 DOI: 10.3390/metabo11030171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2021] [Revised: 03/08/2021] [Accepted: 03/11/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The red meat supply chain is a complex network transferring product from producers to consumers in a safe and secure way. There can be times when fragmentation can arise within the supply chain, which could be exploited. This risk needs reduction so that meat products enter the market with the desired attributes. Rapid Evaporative Ionisation Mass Spectrometry (REIMS) is a novel ambient mass spectrometry technique originally developed for rapid and accurate classification of biological tissue which is now being considered for use in a range of additional applications. It has subsequently shown promise for a range of food provenance, quality and safety applications with its ability to conduct ex vivo and in situ analysis. These are regarded as critical characteristics for technologies which can enable real-time decision making in meat processing plants and more broadly throughout the sector. This review presents an overview of the REIMS technology, and its application to the areas of provenance, quality and safety to the red meat industry, particularly in an Australian context.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert S. Barlow
- Agriculture and Food, Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organization, Coopers Plains, QLD 4108, Australia; (A.G.F.); (J.M.H.); (K.E.M.); (A.L.S.); (A.B.T.)
| | - Adam G. Fitzgerald
- Agriculture and Food, Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organization, Coopers Plains, QLD 4108, Australia; (A.G.F.); (J.M.H.); (K.E.M.); (A.L.S.); (A.B.T.)
| | - Joanne M. Hughes
- Agriculture and Food, Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organization, Coopers Plains, QLD 4108, Australia; (A.G.F.); (J.M.H.); (K.E.M.); (A.L.S.); (A.B.T.)
| | - Kate E. McMillan
- Agriculture and Food, Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organization, Coopers Plains, QLD 4108, Australia; (A.G.F.); (J.M.H.); (K.E.M.); (A.L.S.); (A.B.T.)
| | - Sean C. Moore
- Agriculture and Food, Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organization, Werribee, VIC 3030, Australia; (S.C.M.); (P.J.W.)
| | - Anita L. Sikes
- Agriculture and Food, Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organization, Coopers Plains, QLD 4108, Australia; (A.G.F.); (J.M.H.); (K.E.M.); (A.L.S.); (A.B.T.)
| | - Aarti B. Tobin
- Agriculture and Food, Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organization, Coopers Plains, QLD 4108, Australia; (A.G.F.); (J.M.H.); (K.E.M.); (A.L.S.); (A.B.T.)
| | - Peter J. Watkins
- Agriculture and Food, Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organization, Werribee, VIC 3030, Australia; (S.C.M.); (P.J.W.)
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7
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Yew JY. Natural Product Discovery by Direct Analysis in Real Time Mass Spectrometry. Mass Spectrom (Tokyo) 2020; 8:S0081. [PMID: 33299731 PMCID: PMC7709883 DOI: 10.5702/massspectrometry.s0081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2019] [Accepted: 12/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Direct analysis in real time mass spectrometry (DART MS) is one of the first ambient ionization methods to be introduced and commercialized. Analysis by DART MS requires minimal sample preparation, produces nearly instantaneous results, and provides detection over a broad range of compounds. These advantageous features are particularly well-suited for the inherent complexity of natural product analysis. This review highlights recent applications of DART MS for species identification by chemotaxonomy, chemical profiling, genetic screening, and chemical spatial analysis from plants, insects, microbes, and metabolites from living systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joanne Y. Yew
- Pacific Biosciences Research Center, University of
Hawai‘i at Mānoa, 1993 East West Road, Honolulu, HI 96822, USA
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8
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Zhang Y, Ma X, Dai Z. Comparison of nonvolatile and volatile compounds in raw, cooked, and canned yellowfin tuna (
Thunnus albacores
). J FOOD PROCESS PRES 2019. [DOI: 10.1111/jfpp.14111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Yiqi Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Aquatic Products Processing of Zhejiang Province, Institute of Seafood Zhejiang Gongshang University Hangzhou P.R. China
| | - Xuting Ma
- Key Laboratory of Aquatic Products Processing of Zhejiang Province, Institute of Seafood Zhejiang Gongshang University Hangzhou P.R. China
| | - Zhiyuan Dai
- Key Laboratory of Aquatic Products Processing of Zhejiang Province, Institute of Seafood Zhejiang Gongshang University Hangzhou P.R. China
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9
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Comparative Analysis of Skeletal Muscle Metabolites of Fish with Various Rates of Aging. FISHES 2019. [DOI: 10.3390/fishes4020025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Fish species exhibit great diversity rating of aging (from negligible to rapid), which gives a unique possibility for the discovery of the molecular mechanisms that determine the differences in the rate of aging. A mass spectrometric metabolic profiling of skeletal muscle of fish with various aging rates was carried out by direct injection to a quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometer. The first group includes long-lived fish species (pike (Esox Lucius) and sterlet (Acipenser ruthenus); the second group—species with gradual senescence such as that observed in many mammalian species of similar size (zander (Sandra lucioperca) and perch (Perca fluviatilis)) and the third group—species with very short life cycle (chum salmon (Oncorhynchus keta) and pink salmon (Oncorhynchus gorbuscha)). Multivariate analysis of metabolic profiles allowed the detecting of about 80 group-specific features associated with amino acids, lipids, biogenic amines, intermediates of glycolysis, glycogenolysis, and citric acid cycle. Possible roles in the aging process are hypothesized for the biochemical pathways of the metabolites that were altered in the different groups.
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10
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A GC-MS Protocol for Separating Endangered and Non-endangered Pterocarpus Wood Species. Molecules 2019; 24:molecules24040799. [PMID: 30813336 PMCID: PMC6413215 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24040799] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2019] [Revised: 02/19/2019] [Accepted: 02/20/2019] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Pterocarpus santalinus and Pterocarpus tincorius are commonly used traded timber species of the genus Pterocarpus. P. santalinus has been listed in Appendix II of the Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora (CITES). As a non-CITES species, P. tincorius is also indiscriminately labeled as P. santalinus due to the similar macroscopic and microscopic features with P. santalinus. In order to understand the molecular discrimination between these easily confused species, xylarium heartwoods of these two species were extracted by three different kinds of solvents and analyzed using gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC-MS). Multivariate analyses were also applied for the selection of marker compounds that are distinctive between P. santalinus and P. tincorius. A total of twenty volatile compounds were detected and tentatively identified in three kinds of extracts, and these compounds included alcohols, stilbenoids, esters, aromatic hydrocarbons, ketones, miscellaneous, phenols, and flavonoids. GC-MS analyses also revealed that extraction solvents including ethanol and water (EW), ethyl acetate (EA), and benzene–ethanol (BE) gave the best chemotaxonomical discrimination in the chemical components and relative contents of the two Pterocarpus species. After chemometric analyses, EW displayed higher predictive accuracy (100%) than those of EA extract (83.33%) and BE extract (83.33%). Furthermore, spathulenol (17.58 min) and pterostilbene (23.65 min) were elucidated as the critical compounds for the separation of the EW extracts of P. santalinus and P. tinctorius. Thus, a protocol of GC-MS and multivariate analyses was developed to use for successfully distinguishing P. santalinus from P. tinctorius.
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Fiorino GM, Losito I, De Angelis E, Arlorio M, Logrieco AF, Monaci L. Assessing fish authenticity by direct analysis in real time-high resolution mass spectrometry and multivariate analysis: discrimination between wild-type and farmed salmon. Food Res Int 2018; 116:1258-1265. [PMID: 30716913 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2018.10.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2018] [Revised: 09/20/2018] [Accepted: 10/02/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The constant increase in seafood consumption worldwide has led to a parallel growth of the incidence of products obtained by aquaculture on the market, but also of the fraudulent commercialization of farmed products as wild-type ones. A careful characterization of the lipid component of seafood products based on chromatography-mass spectrometry techniques has been reported as a promising approach to reliably differentiate farmed from wild-type products. In this context, a fast method based on Direct Analysis in Real Time (DART) coupled to High Resolution Mass Spectrometry (HRMS) based on a single stage Orbitrap mass analyzer, integrated by Principal Component Analysis (PCA), was developed in the present study and applied to scout for spectral features useful to discriminate wild-type from farmed salmon of Salmo salar species. In particular, normalized intensities obtained for the 30 most intense signals (all referred to fatty acids, FA) detected in negative ion DART-HRMS spectra of the lipid extracts of salmon fillets [26 wild-type from Canada, 74 farmed from Canada (25), Norway (25) and Chile (24)] were considered as the variables for PCA. The scatterplot referred to the first two principal components showed a clear distinction between wild-type and farmed salmon, which gathered as a unique cluster, despite the remarkable differences in their geographical origin. In accordance with previous studies based on more complex and time-demanding analytical approaches, three saturated (14:0, 16:0 and 18:0) FA, along with unsaturated ones having 20 or 22 carbon atoms, were found as the main discriminating variables for wild-type salmons, whereas FA with compositions 18:1, 18:2, 18:3 and several oxidized forms arising from them were found to have a significantly higher incidence in farmed salmon. The method was further validated by Discriminant Analysis (DA) performed on the same dataset used for PCA integrated by data obtained from 6 commercial samples, putatively referred to farmed Norwegian salmon. Results showed that 100% of the latter were correctly classified as farmed type. Relative abundances of DART-HRMS signals related to specific FA appear then very promising for the differentiation of wild-type salmon from farmed ones, a very relevant issue in the context of consumers' protection from seafood frauds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giuseppina M Fiorino
- Institute of Sciences of Food Production, National Research Council (ISPA-CNR), Bari, Italy
| | - Ilario Losito
- Institute of Sciences of Food Production, National Research Council (ISPA-CNR), Bari, Italy; Department of Chemistry, University of Bari "Aldo Moro", Via Orabona 4, 70126 Bari, Italy
| | - Elisabetta De Angelis
- Institute of Sciences of Food Production, National Research Council (ISPA-CNR), Bari, Italy
| | - Marco Arlorio
- UNIUPO, Università degli Studi del Piemonte Orientale "Amedeo Avogadro", Italy
| | - Antonio F Logrieco
- Institute of Sciences of Food Production, National Research Council (ISPA-CNR), Bari, Italy
| | - Linda Monaci
- Institute of Sciences of Food Production, National Research Council (ISPA-CNR), Bari, Italy.
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12
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13
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Fiorino GM, Losito I, De Angelis E, Logrieco AF, Monaci L. Direct analysis in real time coupled to high resolution mass spectrometry as a rapid tool to assess salmon (Salmo salar) freshness. JOURNAL OF MASS SPECTROMETRY : JMS 2018; 53:781-791. [PMID: 29972889 DOI: 10.1002/jms.4260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2018] [Revised: 06/19/2018] [Accepted: 06/21/2018] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Direct analysis in real time-high resolution mass spectrometry (DART-HRMS) was applied to the detection of lipid species in the lipid extracts of farmed salmon samples collected from a local retailer and analyzed right after the purchase and after storage for 4 and 6 days under refrigerated conditions. The recognition of type and composition of lipids detected in DART-HRMS spectra was performed by using the relevant accurate m/z data (accuracy better than 5 ppm) as input for a search on the LipidMaps database. As a result, several fatty acids (FA), either saturated or mono-/poly-unsaturated, and triacylglycerols (TAG) were recognized in the three types of samples from the corresponding negative and positive ion DART-HRMS spectra, respectively. Following, spectral intensities were exploited to monitor the evolution of selected FA and TAG during the refrigeration of salmon meat. In particular, after 4 days of refrigeration, a statistically significant increase was recorded for FA with side chain compositions 18:2, 18:1, 20:5, and 22:6 despite a significant decrease found for TAG with overall side chain compositions 50:4, 52:5, 52:4, and 52:3 after the same time. These evolutions were consistent with a general model already proposed for the effect of low temperature treatments on seafood, implying the action of endogenous lipases, with consequent increase of the free FA amount and decrease in glycerophospholipids and triglycerides contents. The described results indicate DART-HRMS as a promising MS-based rapid tool for the assessment of fish, or other seafood, freshness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giuseppina M Fiorino
- Institute of Sciences of Food Production, National Research Council of Italy (ISPA-CNR), Via Amendola 122/O, 70126, Bari, Italy
| | - Ilario Losito
- Institute of Sciences of Food Production, National Research Council of Italy (ISPA-CNR), Via Amendola 122/O, 70126, Bari, Italy
- Department of Chemistry and SMART Inter-department Research Center, University of Bari "Aldo Moro", Via E. Orabona 4, 70126, Bari, Italy
| | - Elisabetta De Angelis
- Institute of Sciences of Food Production, National Research Council of Italy (ISPA-CNR), Via Amendola 122/O, 70126, Bari, Italy
| | - Antonio F Logrieco
- Institute of Sciences of Food Production, National Research Council of Italy (ISPA-CNR), Via Amendola 122/O, 70126, Bari, Italy
| | - Linda Monaci
- Institute of Sciences of Food Production, National Research Council of Italy (ISPA-CNR), Via Amendola 122/O, 70126, Bari, Italy
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14
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15
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Li CR, Li MN, Yang H, Li P, Gao W. Rapid characterization of chemical markers for discrimination of Moutan Cortex and its processed products by direct injection-based mass spectrometry profiling and metabolomic method. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2018; 45:76-83. [PMID: 29685367 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2018.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2017] [Revised: 02/28/2018] [Accepted: 04/02/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Processing of herbal medicines is a characteristic pharmaceutical technique in Traditional Chinese Medicine, which can reduce toxicity and side effect, improve the flavor and efficacy, and even change the pharmacological action entirely. It is significant and crucial to perform a method to find chemical markers for differentiating herbal medicines in different processed degrees. PURPOSE The aim of this study was to perform a rapid and reasonable method to discriminate Moutan Cortex and its processed products, and to reveal the characteristics of chemical components depend on chemical markers. METHODS Thirty batches of Moutan Cortex and its processed products, including 11 batches of Raw Moutan Cortex (RMC), 9 batches of Moutan Cortex Tostus (MCT) and 10 batches of Moutan Cortex Carbonisatus (MCC), were directly injected in electrospray ionization quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry (ESI-QTOF MS) for rapid analysis in positive and negative mode. Without chromatographic separation, each run was completed within 3 min. The raw MS data were automatically extracted by background deduction and molecular feature (MF) extraction algorithm. In negative mode, a total of 452 MFs were obtained and then pretreated by data filtration and differential analysis. After that, the filtered 85 MFs were treated by principal component analysis (PCA) to reduce the dimensions. Subsequently, a partial least squares discrimination analysis (PLS-DA) model was constructed for differentiation and chemical markers detection of Moutan Cortex in different processed degrees. The positive mode data were treated as same as those in negative mode. RESULTS RMC, MCT and MCC were successfully classified. Moreover, 14 and 3 chemical markers from negative and positive mode respectively, were screened by the combination of their relative peak areas and the parameter variable importance in the projection (VIP) values in PLS-DA model. The content changes of these chemical markers were employed in order to illustrate chemical changes of Moutan Cortex after processed. CONCLUSION These results showed that the proposed method which combined non-targeted metabolomics analysis with multivariate statistics analysis is reasonable and effective. It could not only be applied to discriminate herbal medicines and their processing products, but also to reveal the characteristics of chemical components during processing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao-Ran Li
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Meng-Ning Li
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Hua Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Ping Li
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China.
| | - Wen Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China.
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16
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Ren JL, Zhang AH, Kong L, Wang XJ. Advances in mass spectrometry-based metabolomics for investigation of metabolites. RSC Adv 2018; 8:22335-22350. [PMID: 35539746 PMCID: PMC9081429 DOI: 10.1039/c8ra01574k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 144] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2018] [Accepted: 06/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Metabolomics is the systematic study of all the metabolites present within a biological system, which consists of a mass of molecules, having a variety of physical and chemical properties and existing over an extensive dynamic range in biological samples. Diverse analytical techniques are needed to achieve higher coverage of metabolites. The application of mass spectrometry (MS) in metabolomics has increased exponentially since the discovery and development of electrospray ionization and matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization techniques. Significant advances have also occurred in separation-based MS techniques (gas chromatography-mass spectrometry, liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry, capillary electrophoresis-mass spectrometry, and ion mobility-mass spectrometry), as well as separation-free MS techniques (direct infusion-mass spectrometry, matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization-mass spectrometry, mass spectrometry imaging, and direct analysis in real time mass spectrometry) in the past decades. This review presents a brief overview of the recent advanced MS techniques and their latest applications in metabolomics. The software/websites for MS result analyses are also reviewed. Metabolomics is the systematic study of all the metabolites present within a biological system, supply functional information and has received extensive attention in the field of life sciences.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun-Ling Ren
- Sino-America Chinmedomics Technology Collaboration Center
- National TCM Key Laboratory of Serum Pharmacochemistry
- Chinmedomics Research Center of State Administration of TCM
- Laboratory of Metabolomics
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis
| | - Ai-Hua Zhang
- Sino-America Chinmedomics Technology Collaboration Center
- National TCM Key Laboratory of Serum Pharmacochemistry
- Chinmedomics Research Center of State Administration of TCM
- Laboratory of Metabolomics
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis
| | - Ling Kong
- Sino-America Chinmedomics Technology Collaboration Center
- National TCM Key Laboratory of Serum Pharmacochemistry
- Chinmedomics Research Center of State Administration of TCM
- Laboratory of Metabolomics
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis
| | - Xi-Jun Wang
- Sino-America Chinmedomics Technology Collaboration Center
- National TCM Key Laboratory of Serum Pharmacochemistry
- Chinmedomics Research Center of State Administration of TCM
- Laboratory of Metabolomics
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis
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Abstract
Since the introduction of desorption electrospray ionization (DESI) mass spectrometry (MS), ambient MS methods have seen increased use in a variety of fields from health to food science. Increasing its popularity in metabolomics, ambient MS offers limited sample preparation, rapid and direct analysis of liquids, solids, and gases, in situ and in vivo analysis, and imaging. The metabolome consists of a constantly changing collection of small (<1.5 kDa) molecules. These include endogenous molecules that are part of primary metabolism pathways, secondary metabolites with specific functions such as signaling, chemicals incorporated in the diet or resulting from environmental exposures, and metabolites associated with the microbiome. Characterization of the responsive changes of this molecule cohort is the principal goal of any metabolomics study. With adjustments to experimental parameters, metabolites with a range of chemical and physical properties can be selectively desorbed and ionized and subsequently analyzed with increased speed and sensitivity. This review covers the broad applications of a variety of ambient MS techniques in four primary fields in which metabolomics is commonly employed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chaevien S. Clendinen
- School of Chemistry and Biochemistry & Petit Institute for Bioengineering & Bioscience (IBB), Georgia Institute of Technology, 901 Atlantic Drive NW. Atlanta, GA
| | - María Eugenia Monge
- Centro de Investigaciones en Bionanociencias (CIBION), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Godoy Cruz 2390, C1425FQD, Ciudad de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Facundo M. Fernández
- School of Chemistry and Biochemistry & Petit Institute for Bioengineering & Bioscience (IBB), Georgia Institute of Technology, 901 Atlantic Drive NW. Atlanta, GA
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Guo T, Yong W, Jin Y, Zhang L, Liu J, Wang S, Chen Q, Dong Y, Su H, Tan T. Applications of DART-MS for food quality and safety assurance in food supply chain. MASS SPECTROMETRY REVIEWS 2017; 36:161-187. [PMID: 25975720 DOI: 10.1002/mas.21466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2014] [Revised: 01/20/2015] [Accepted: 01/20/2015] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Direct analysis in real time (DART) represents a new generation of ion source which is used for rapid ionization of small molecules under ambient conditions. The combination of DART and various mass spectrometers allows analyzing multiple food samples with simple or no sample treatment, or in conjunction with prevailing protocolized sample preparation methods. Abundant applications by DART-MS have been reviewed in this paper. The DART-MS strategy applied to food supply chain (FSC), including production, processing, and storage and transportation, provides a comprehensive solution to various food components, contaminants, authenticity, and traceability. Additionally, typical applications available in food analysis by other ambient ionization mass spectrometers were summarized, and fundamentals mainly including mechanisms, devices, and parameters were discussed as well. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Mass Spec Rev. 36:161-187, 2017.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianyang Guo
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Bioprocess, College of Life Science and Technology, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, P.R. China
| | - Wei Yong
- Institute of Food Safety, Chinese Academy of Inspection and Quarantine, Beijing 100123, P.R. China
| | - Yong Jin
- Institute of Food Safety, Chinese Academy of Inspection and Quarantine, Beijing 100123, P.R. China
| | - Liya Zhang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Bioprocess, College of Life Science and Technology, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, P.R. China
| | - Jiahui Liu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Bioprocess, College of Life Science and Technology, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, P.R. China
| | - Sai Wang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Bioprocess, College of Life Science and Technology, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, P.R. China
| | - Qilong Chen
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Bioprocess, College of Life Science and Technology, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, P.R. China
| | - Yiyang Dong
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Bioprocess, College of Life Science and Technology, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, P.R. China
| | - Haijia Su
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Bioprocess, College of Life Science and Technology, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, P.R. China
| | - Tianwei Tan
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Bioprocess, College of Life Science and Technology, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, P.R. China
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Black C, Chevallier OP, Elliott CT. The current and potential applications of Ambient Mass Spectrometry in detecting food fraud. Trends Analyt Chem 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.trac.2016.06.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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20
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Montalban-Arques A, De Schryver P, Bossier P, Gorkiewicz G, Mulero V, Gatlin DM, Galindo-Villegas J. Selective Manipulation of the Gut Microbiota Improves Immune Status in Vertebrates. Front Immunol 2015; 6:512. [PMID: 26500650 PMCID: PMC4598590 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2015.00512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2015] [Accepted: 09/20/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
All animals develop in association with complex microbial communities. It is now well established that commensal microbiota is essential for the correct functionality of each organ in the host. Particularly, the commensal gastro-intestinal microbiota (CGIM) is a key factor for development, immunity and nutrient conversion, rendering them bio-available for various uses. Thus, nutritional inputs generate a positive loop in maintaining host health and are essential in shaping the composition of the CGIM communities. Probiotics, which are live exogenous microorganisms, selectively provided to the host, are a promising concept for manipulating the microbiota and thus for increasing the host health status. Nevertheless, most mechanisms induced by probiotics to fortify the immune system are still a matter of debate. Alternatively, prebiotics, which are non-digestible food ingredients, can favor the growth of specific target groups of CGIM. Several metabolites are produced by the CGIM, one of the most important are the short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs), which emerge from the fermentation of complex carbohydrates. SCFAs have been recognized as key players in triggering beneficial effects elicited by simple diffusion and by specific receptors present, thus, far only in epithelial cells of higher vertebrates at different gastro-intestinal locations. However, both strategies have shown to provide resistance against pathogens during periods of high stress. In fish, knowledge about the action of pro- and prebiotics and SCFAs is still limited. Thus, in this review, we briefly summarize the mechanisms described on this topic for higher vertebrates and discuss why many of them may operate in the fish gut representing a model for different mucosal tissues
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Peter De Schryver
- Laboratory of Aquaculture & Artemia Reference Center, Ghent University , Ghent , Belgium
| | - Peter Bossier
- Laboratory of Aquaculture & Artemia Reference Center, Ghent University , Ghent , Belgium
| | | | - Victoriano Mulero
- Department of Cell Biology and Histology, Faculty of Biology, Instituto Murciano de Investigación Biosanitaria Virgen de la Arrixaca, University of Murcia , Murcia , Spain
| | - Delbert Monroe Gatlin
- Department of Wildlife and Fisheries Sciences, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Texas A&M University , College Station, TX , USA
| | - Jorge Galindo-Villegas
- Department of Cell Biology and Histology, Faculty of Biology, Instituto Murciano de Investigación Biosanitaria Virgen de la Arrixaca, University of Murcia , Murcia , Spain
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Rubert J, Zachariasova M, Hajslova J. Advances in high-resolution mass spectrometry based on metabolomics studies for food – a review. Food Addit Contam Part A Chem Anal Control Expo Risk Assess 2015; 32:1685-708. [DOI: 10.1080/19440049.2015.1084539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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Gao W, Qi LW, Liu CC, Wang R, Li P, Yang H. An improved method for the determination of 5-hydroxymethylfurfural in Shenfu injection by direct analysis in real time-quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry. Drug Test Anal 2015. [PMID: 26197974 DOI: 10.1002/dta.1838] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The emergence of direct analysis in real time (DART) ion source provides the great possibility for rapid analysis of hazardous substance in drugs. DART mass spectrometry (DART-MS) enabled the conducting of a fast and non-contact analysis of various samples, including solid or liquid ones, without complex sample preparation or chromatographic separation. In this study, a modified DART-quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry (DART-QTOF-MS) method was developed for identification and determination of 5-hydroxymethylfurfural (5-HMF) in Shenfu (SF) injection. The quantitative transfer of sample solution was introduced to the glass tips of DIP-it sampler at a fixed volume, which significantly increases the repeatability and accuracy of analytical results. The protonated ion of dibutyl phthalate in the atmosphere was used as the reference mass for TOF-MS recalibration during the data acquisition for constant high accuracy mass measurements. Finally, the developed DART-MS method was used to determine 5-HMF in seven batches of SF injection, and the contents of 5-HMF were not higher than 100 µg/mL. The results obtained were further confirmed by an ultra-high performance liquid chromatography combined with triple quadrupole mass spectrometer (UHPLC-QQQ-MS). The overall results demonstrated that the DART-QTOF-MS method could be applied as an alternative technique for rapid monitoring 5-HMF in herbal medicine injection. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, No. 24 Tongjia Lane, Nanjing, 210009, China
| | - Lian-Wen Qi
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, No. 24 Tongjia Lane, Nanjing, 210009, China
| | - Charles C Liu
- ASPEC Technologies Limited, Room 1506, RunFengDeShang Bldg A. No.60 An Li Lu, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Rui Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, No. 24 Tongjia Lane, Nanjing, 210009, China
| | - Ping Li
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, No. 24 Tongjia Lane, Nanjing, 210009, China
| | - Hua Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, No. 24 Tongjia Lane, Nanjing, 210009, China
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23
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Wang Y, Liu S, Hu Y, Li P, Wan JB. Current state of the art of mass spectrometry-based metabolomics studies – a review focusing on wide coverage, high throughput and easy identification. RSC Adv 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c5ra14058g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Metabolomics aims at the comprehensive assessment of a wide range of endogenous metabolites and attempts to identify and quantify the attractive metabolites in a given biological sample.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine
- Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences
- University of Macau
- Macao
- China
| | - Shuying Liu
- Jilin Ginseng Academy
- Changchun University of Chinese Medicine
- Changchun
- China
| | - Yuanjia Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine
- Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences
- University of Macau
- Macao
- China
| | - Peng Li
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine
- Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences
- University of Macau
- Macao
- China
| | - Jian-Bo Wan
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine
- Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences
- University of Macau
- Macao
- China
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24
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Du W, Tang LJ, Wen JH, Zhong KJ, Jiang JH, Wang H, Chen B, Yu RQ. Desorption corona beam ionisation (DCBI) mass spectrometry for in-situ analysis of adsorbed phenol in cigarette acetate fiber filter. Talanta 2015; 131:499-504. [DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2014.08.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2014] [Revised: 08/04/2014] [Accepted: 08/06/2014] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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