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Chen J, Zhang Y, Wang X, Li F, Wu S, Wang W, Zhou N. A FRET based ultrasensitive fluorescent aptasensor for 6'-sialyllactose detection. Anal Biochem 2024; 688:115462. [PMID: 38246433 DOI: 10.1016/j.ab.2024.115462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2023] [Revised: 01/01/2024] [Accepted: 01/15/2024] [Indexed: 01/23/2024]
Abstract
As a kind of human milk oligosaccharide, 6'-sialyllactose (6'-SL) plays an important role in promoting infant brain development and improving infant immunity. The content of 6'-SL in infant formula milk powder is thus one of the important nutritional indexes. Since the lacking of efficient and rapid detection methods for 6'-SL, it is of great significance to develop specific recognition elements and establish fast and sensitive detection methods for 6'-SL. Herein, using 6'-SL specific aptamer as the recognition element, catalytic hairpin assembly as the signal amplification technology and quantum dots as the signal label, a fluorescence biosensor based on fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET) was constructed for ultra-sensitive detection of 6'-SL. The detection limit of this FRET-based fluorescent biosensor is 0.3 nM, and it has some outstanding characteristics such as high signal-to-noise ratio, low time-consuming, simplicity and high efficiency in the actual sample detection. Therefore, it has broad application prospect in 6'-SL detection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinri Chen
- The Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, China; Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Marine Bioresources and Environment, Jiangsu Ocean University, 59 Cangwu Road, Haizhou, 222005, China; State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, MOE Engineering Research Centre of Gene Technology, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200438, China
| | - Yuting Zhang
- The Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, China
| | - Xiaoli Wang
- The Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, China
| | - Fuhou Li
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Marine Bioresources and Environment, Jiangsu Ocean University, 59 Cangwu Road, Haizhou, 222005, China
| | - Shaojie Wu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Marine Bioresources and Environment, Jiangsu Ocean University, 59 Cangwu Road, Haizhou, 222005, China
| | - Weixia Wang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Marine Bioresources and Environment, Jiangsu Ocean University, 59 Cangwu Road, Haizhou, 222005, China
| | - Nandi Zhou
- The Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, China.
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Zhang X, Su M, Zhou H, Leng F, Du J, Li X, Zhang M, Hu Y, Gao Y, Ye Z. Effect of 1-methylcyclopropene on flat peach fruit quality based on electronic senses, LC-MS, and HS-SPME-GC-MS during shelf storage. Lebensm Wiss Technol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lwt.2022.114388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
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Lee S, Goodson ML, Vang W, Rutkowsky J, Kalanetra K, Bhattacharya M, Barile D, Raybould HE. Human milk oligosaccharide 2'-fucosyllactose supplementation improves gut barrier function and signaling in the vagal afferent pathway in mice. Food Funct 2021; 12:8507-8521. [PMID: 34308934 PMCID: PMC8451585 DOI: 10.1039/d1fo00658d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
2′-Fucosyllactose (2′-FL) is one of the predominant oligosaccharides found in human milk and has several well-established beneficial effects in the host. It has previously been shown that 2′-FL can improve the metabolic phenotype in high-fat (HF)-fed mice. Here we investigated whether dietary supplementation with 2′-FL was associated with improved intestinal barrier integrity, signaling in the vagal afferent pathway and cognitive function. Mice were fed either a low-fat (LF, 10% fat per kcal) or HF (45% fat per kcal) diet with or without supplementation of 2′-FL (10% w/w) in the diet for 8 weeks. Body weight, energy intake, fat and lean mass, intestinal permeability (ex vivo in Ussing chambers), lipid profiles, gut microbiome and microbial metabolites, and cognitive functions were measured. Vagal afferent activity was measured via immunohistochemical detection of c-Fos protein in the brainstem in response to peripheral administration of cholecystokinin (CCK). 2′-FL significantly attenuated the HF-induced increase in fat mass and energy intake. 2′-FL significantly reduced intestinal permeability and significantly increased expression of interleukin (IL)-22, a cytokine known for its protective role in the intestine. Additionally, 2′-FL led to changes in the gut microbiota composition and in the associated microbial metabolites. Signaling in the vagal afferent pathway was improved but there was no effect on cognitive function. In conclusion, 2′-FL supplementation improved the metabolic profiles, gut barrier integrity, lipid metabolism and signaling in the vagal afferent pathway. These findings support the utility of 2′-FL in the control of gut barrier function and metabolic homeostasis under a metabolic challenge. 2’-Fucosyllactose (2’-FL), a predominant human milk oligosaccharide, attenuates HF diet-induced metabolic and intestinal barrier impairment, improves gut hormone resistance, and alters the intestinal microbiota and microbiota-derived metabolites.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Sunhye Lee
- Department of Anatomy, Physiology, and Cell Biology, School of Veterinary Medicine, UC Davis, CA, USA.
| | - Michael L Goodson
- Department of Anatomy, Physiology, and Cell Biology, School of Veterinary Medicine, UC Davis, CA, USA.
| | - Wendie Vang
- Department of Anatomy, Physiology, and Cell Biology, School of Veterinary Medicine, UC Davis, CA, USA.
| | - Jennifer Rutkowsky
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, UC Davis, CA, USA
| | - Karen Kalanetra
- Department of Food Science and Technology, College of Agriculture, UC Davis, CA, USA
| | - Mrittika Bhattacharya
- Department of Food Science and Technology, College of Agriculture, UC Davis, CA, USA
| | - Daniela Barile
- Department of Food Science and Technology, College of Agriculture, UC Davis, CA, USA
| | - Helen E Raybould
- Department of Anatomy, Physiology, and Cell Biology, School of Veterinary Medicine, UC Davis, CA, USA.
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Jang SI, Eom HY, Hwang JH, Kim L, Lee JH. Simultaneous Quantification of 3'- and 6'-Sialyllactose in Rat Plasma Using Liquid Chromatography-Tandem Mass Spectrometry and Its Application to a Pharmacokinetic Study. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26041177. [PMID: 33671827 PMCID: PMC7926300 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26041177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2020] [Revised: 02/09/2021] [Accepted: 02/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Sialyllactose (SL), an acidic oligosaccharide, has immune-protective effects against pathogens and helps with the development of the immune system and intestinal microorganisms. To elucidate the pharmacokinetic characterization after oral administration to rats, the simultaneous quantification method for 3'-SL and 6'-SL in rat plasma was validated, using liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) in an electrospray ionization (ESI) mode. Several types of columns [C18, amide, and hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography (HILIC) phase] were used to separate the peaks of 3'-SL and 6'-SL, which improved chromatographic selectivity. Ultimately, the HILIC phase column had a good peak shape and quick resolution, with a mobile phase comprising ammonium acetate buffer and acetonitrile obtained by gradient elution. In addition, the simultaneous quantification of 3'-SL and 6'-SL in rat plasma samples were adequately applied to pharmacokinetic study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seok-In Jang
- Bioanalytical and Pharmacokinetic Study Group, Korea Institute of Toxicology, Daejeon 34114, Korea; (S.-I.J.); (H.Y.E.)
| | - Han Young Eom
- Bioanalytical and Pharmacokinetic Study Group, Korea Institute of Toxicology, Daejeon 34114, Korea; (S.-I.J.); (H.Y.E.)
| | - Jeong Ho Hwang
- Animal Model Research Group, Jeonbuk Department of Inhalation Research, Korea Institute of Toxicology, Jeongeup, Jeollabuk-do, Daejeon 53212, Korea;
| | - Lila Kim
- GeneChem Inc., A-501, 187 Techno 2-ro, Daejeon 34025, Korea;
| | - Jong-Hwa Lee
- Bioanalytical and Pharmacokinetic Study Group, Korea Institute of Toxicology, Daejeon 34114, Korea; (S.-I.J.); (H.Y.E.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +82-42-610-8092
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Eom HY, Jang SI, Hwang JH, Kim L, Kang JS, Lee JH. Development and validation of a bioanalytical method of analyzing 3'- and 6'-sialyllactose using liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry in minipig plasma and its application in a pharmacokinetic study. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2020; 195:113827. [PMID: 33358084 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2020.113827] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2020] [Revised: 11/28/2020] [Accepted: 12/02/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Sialyllactose (SL) is an acidic oligosaccharide, consisting of a combination of sialic acid and lactose. It is found in human milk. It has immune-protective effects against pathogens in newborns and helps with the development of the immune system and intestinal microorganisms. We developed and validated a method by which 3'-SL and 6'-SL levels were simultaneously analyzed via liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS), and evaluated the pharmacokinetics of the materials after systemic delivery to minipigs. To improve chromatographic selectivity, several types of columns (C18, amide, and HILIC phase) were used to separate the peaks of 3'-SL and 6'-SL. Ultimately the HILIC phase column was selected, as it had a good peak shape and quick resolution. The mobile phase comprised ammonium acetate buffer and acetonitrile with gradient elution. MS was performed in the negative ion and multiple reaction monitoring modes. Plasma samples were prepared using the protein precipitation method with methanol. A surrogate matrix was used for quantification because SLs are endogenous plasma compounds. The method developed was validated according to U.S. Food and Drug Administration guidance. A pharmacokinetic study was performed with intravenous administration of 3'-SL and 6'-SL in minipigs (Sus scrofa/Yucatan). The concentrations of 3'-SL and 6'-SL were readily measurable in the plasma samples, which suggests that the method adequately determined systemic exposure in minipigs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Han Young Eom
- Bioanalytical and Pharmacokinetic Study Group, Korea Institute of Toxicology, Daejeon 34114, Republic of Korea
| | - Seok-In Jang
- Bioanalytical and Pharmacokinetic Study Group, Korea Institute of Toxicology, Daejeon 34114, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeong Ho Hwang
- Animal Model Research Group, Jeonbuk Department of Inhalation Research, Korea Institute of Toxicology, Jeongeup, Jeollabuk-do 53212, Republic of Korea
| | - Lila Kim
- GeneChem Inc., Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34025, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong Seong Kang
- College of Pharmacy, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34134, Republic of Korea.
| | - Jong-Hwa Lee
- Bioanalytical and Pharmacokinetic Study Group, Korea Institute of Toxicology, Daejeon 34114, Republic of Korea.
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Development and Validation of a Bioanalytical Method for 3′- and 6′-Sialyllactose in Minipig Liver and Kidney Using Liquid Chromatography-Tandem Mass Spectrometry and Its Application to Analysis of Tissue Distribution. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25235721. [PMID: 33287423 PMCID: PMC7731434 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25235721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2020] [Revised: 11/28/2020] [Accepted: 12/01/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Breast milk contains human milk oligosaccharides (HMOs), including sialyllactose (SL). SL is composed of sialic acid and lactose, and is divided into 3′-SL and 6′-SL according to the binding position. SL has immunoprotective effects against bacteria and viruses, and acts as a probiotic in the gastrointestinal tract. In this study, we developed a bioanalytical method for simultaneous analysis of 3′-SL and 6′-SL in liver and kidney tissues of Yucatan minipigs using liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) under conditions optimized in our previous study. LC-MS/MS was performed using a hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography (HILIC) column (50 mm × 2.1 mm, 3 μm) with a mobile phase consisting of 10 mM ammonium acetate in water (pH 4.5) and acetonitrile with gradient elution at a flow rate of 0.3 mL/min. A surrogate matrix method using water was applied for analysis of endogenous SL. The developed method was validated with regard to selectivity, linearity, precision, accuracy, the matrix effect, recovery, parallelism, dilution integrity, carryover, and stability according to the US Food and Drug Administration guidelines. We performed a tissue distribution study of minipigs, and analyzed liver and kidney tissues using the developed method to determine the tissue distribution of 3′-SL and 6′-SL. The tissue concentrations of 3′-SL and 6′-SL were readily measurable, suggesting that the method would be useful for evaluating the tissue distributions of these compounds in minipigs.
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Mank M, Welsch P, Heck AJR, Stahl B. Label-free targeted LC-ESI-MS 2 analysis of human milk oligosaccharides (HMOS) and related human milk groups with enhanced structural selectivity. Anal Bioanal Chem 2018; 411:231-250. [PMID: 30443773 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-018-1434-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2018] [Revised: 10/02/2018] [Accepted: 10/16/2018] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Human milk (HM) supports the healthy development of neonates and exerts many of its beneficial effects via contained free human milk oligosaccharides (HMOS). These HMOS exhibit a complexity and structural diversity that pose a significant analytical challenge. A detailed characterization of HMOS is essential as every individual structure may have a different function/activity. Certain HMOS isomers may even fundamentally differ in their biological function, and especially their characterization by LC or LC-MS is often impaired by co-elution phenomena. Thus, more efficient analytical methodologies with enhanced structural selectivity are required. Therefore, we developed a negative ion mode LC-ESI-MS2 approach featuring straightforward sample preparation, environmentally friendly EtOH gradient elution, and enhanced, semiquantitative characterization of distinct native HMOS by multiple reaction monitoring (MRM). Our MRM-LC-MS setup takes advantage of highly selective, glycan configuration-dependent collision-induced dissociation (CID) fragments to identify individual neutral and acidic HMOS. Notably, many human milk oligosaccharide isomers could be distinguished in a retention time-independent manner. This contrasts with other contemporary MRM approaches relying on rather unspecific MRM transitions. Our method was used to determine the most abundant human milk tri-, tetra-, penta-, and hexaoses semiquantitatively in a single LC-MS assay. Detected HMO structures included fucosyllactoses (e.g., 2'-FL), lacto-N-difucotetraose (LDFT), lacto-N-tetraoses (LNTs), lacto-N-fucopentaoses (e.g., LNFP I, LNFP II and III), lacto-N-difucohexaoses (LNDFHs) as well as sialyllactoses (SLs) and tentatively assigned blood group A and B tetrasaccharides from which correct human milk type assignment could be also demonstrated. Correctness of milk typing was validated for milk groups I-IV by high pressure anion exchange chromatography (HPAEC) coupled to pulsed amperometric detection (HPAEC-PAD). Graphical Abstract ᅟ.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marko Mank
- Danone Nutricia Research, Uppsalalaan 12, 3584 CT, Utrecht, the Netherlands.
| | - Philipp Welsch
- Danone Nutricia Research, Uppsalalaan 12, 3584 CT, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Albert J R Heck
- Biomolecular Mass Spectrometry and Proteomics Division, Bijvoet Center for Biomolecular Research and Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht University, 3584 CH, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Bernd Stahl
- Danone Nutricia Research, Uppsalalaan 12, 3584 CT, Utrecht, the Netherlands
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Major human milk oligosaccharides are absorbed into the systemic circulation after oral administration in rats. Br J Nutr 2017; 117:237-247. [DOI: 10.1017/s0007114516004554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
AbstractHuman milk oligosaccharides (HMO) are involved in many biological functions influencing infant health. Although HMO act locally at the intestine, recent evidence has demonstrated that HMO are partially incorporated into the systemic circulation of breast-fed infants. In the last few years, a large amount of research has been conducted using preclinical models to uncover new biological functions of HMO. The aim of this study was to evaluate the absorption and urine excretion of HMO in rats. We administered a single oral dose of the following HMO: 2'-fucosyllactose (2'-FL), 6'-sialyllactose and lacto-N-neotetraose at different concentrations to adult rats. The time course of absorption of HMO into the bloodstream and their appearance in urine was studied. Our results showed that rats, similar to human infants, are able to effectively absorb a portion of HMO from the intestine into plasma and to excrete them in urine. On the basis of this, we also conducted a specific kinetic absorption study with 2'-FL, the most predominant HMO in human milk, in 9–11-d-old rat pups. Our results confirmed that a significant amount of 2'-FL was absorbed into the systemic circulation and subsequently excreted in urine during lactation in rats in a dose-depended manner. We also found basal levels of these HMO in plasma and urine of adult rats as well as rat pups as a natural result of nursing. Our data suggest that the rat may be a useful preclinical model that provides new insights into the metabolism and functions of HMO.
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Xu G, Davis JCC, Goonatilleke E, Smilowitz JT, German JB, Lebrilla CB. Absolute Quantitation of Human Milk Oligosaccharides Reveals Phenotypic Variations during Lactation. J Nutr 2017; 147:117-124. [PMID: 27798342 PMCID: PMC5177733 DOI: 10.3945/jn.116.238279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 117] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2016] [Revised: 08/06/2016] [Accepted: 09/15/2016] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The quantitation of human milk oligosaccharides (HMOs) is challenging because of the structural complexity and lack of standards. OBJECTIVE The objective of our study was to rapidly measure the absolute concentrations of HMOs in milk using LC-mass spectrometry (MS) and to determine the phenotypic secretor status of the mothers. METHODS This quantitative method for measuring HMO concentration was developed by using ultraperformance LC multiple reaction monitoring MS. It was validated and applied to milk samples from Malawi (88 individuals; 88 samples from postnatal month 6) and the United States (Davis, California; 45 individuals, mean age: 32 y; 103 samples collected on postnatal days 10, 26, 71, or 120, repeated measures included). The concentrations of α(1,2)-fucosylated HMOs were used to determine the mothers' phenotypic secretor status with high sensitivity and specificity. We used Friedman's test and Wilcoxon's signed rank test to evaluate the change in HMO concentration during the course of lactation, and Student's t test was used to compare secretors and nonsecretors. RESULTS A decrease (P < 0.05) in HMO concentration was observed during the course of lactation for the US mothers, corresponding to 19.3 ± 2.9 g/L for milk collected on postnatal day 10, decreasing to 8.53 ± 1.18 g/L on day 120 (repeated measures; n = 14). On postnatal day 180, the total concentration of HMOs in Malawi milk samples from secretors (6.46 ± 1.74 mg/mL) was higher (P < 0.05) than that in samples from nonsecretors (5.25 ± 2.55 mg/mL ). The same trend was observed for fucosylated species; the concentration was higher in Malawi milk samples from secretors (4.91 ± 1.22 mg/mL) than from nonsecretors (3.42 ± 2.27 mg/mL) (P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS HMOs significantly decrease during the course of lactation. Secretor milk contains higher concentrations of total and fucosylated HMOs than does nonsecretor milk. These HMO concentrations can be correlated to the health of breastfed infants in order to investigate the protective effects of milk components. The trials were registered at clinicaltrials.gov as NCT01817127 and NCT00524446.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gege Xu
- Department of Chemistry,,Foods for Health Institute, and
| | | | | | - Jennifer T Smilowitz
- Foods for Health Institute, and,Department of Food Science and Technology, University of California, Davis, CA
| | - J Bruce German
- Foods for Health Institute, and,Department of Food Science and Technology, University of California, Davis, CA
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Banazadeh A, Veillon L, Wooding KM, Zabet-Moghaddam M, Mechref Y. Recent advances in mass spectrometric analysis of glycoproteins. Electrophoresis 2016; 38:162-189. [PMID: 27757981 DOI: 10.1002/elps.201600357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2016] [Revised: 09/23/2016] [Accepted: 09/24/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Glycosylation is one of the most common posttranslational modifications of proteins that plays essential roles in various biological processes, including protein folding, host-pathogen interaction, immune response, and inflammation and aberrant protein glycosylation is a well-known event in various disease states including cancer. As a result, it is critical to develop rapid and sensitive methods for the analysis of abnormal glycoproteins associated with diseases. Mass spectrometry (MS) in conjunction with different separation methods, such as capillary electrophoresis (CE), ion mobility (IM), and high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) has become a popular tool for glycoprotein analysis, providing highly informative fragments for structural identification of glycoproteins. This review provides an overview of the developments and accomplishments in the field of glycomics and glycoproteomics reported between 2014 and 2016.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alireza Banazadeh
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX, USA
| | - Lucas Veillon
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX, USA
| | - Kerry M Wooding
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX, USA
| | | | - Yehia Mechref
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX, USA.,Center for Biotechnology and Genomics, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX, USA
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Vazquez E, Barranco A, Ramirez M, Gruart A, Delgado-Garcia JM, Jimenez ML, Buck R, Rueda R. Dietary 2'-Fucosyllactose Enhances Operant Conditioning and Long-Term Potentiation via Gut-Brain Communication through the Vagus Nerve in Rodents. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0166070. [PMID: 27851789 PMCID: PMC5113009 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0166070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2016] [Accepted: 10/22/2016] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
2´-fucosyllactose (2´-FL) is an abundant human milk oligosaccharide (HMO) in human milk with diverse biological effects. We recently reported ingested 2´-FL stimulates central nervous system (CNS) function, such as hippocampal long term potentiation (LTP) and learning and memory in rats. Conceivably the effect of 2´-FL on CNS function may be via the gut-brain axis (GBA), specifically the vagus nerve, and L-fucose (Fuc) may play a role. This study had two aims: (1) determine if the effect of ingested 2´-FL on the modulation of CNS function is dependent on the integrity of the molecule; and (2) confirm if oral 2´-FL modified hippocampal LTP and associative learning related skills in rats submitted to bilateral subdiaphragmatic vagotomy. Results showed that 2´-FL but not Fuc enhanced LTP, and vagotomy inhibited the effects of oral 2´-FL on LTP and associative learning related paradigms. Taken together, the data show that dietary 2´-FL but not its Fuc moiety affects cognitive domains and improves learning and memory in rats. This effect is dependent on vagus nerve integrity, suggesting GBA plays a role in 2´-FL-mediated cognitive benefits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Enrique Vazquez
- Strategic R&D Department, Abbott Nutrition, Granada, 18004, Spain
- * E-mail:
| | | | - Maria Ramirez
- Strategic R&D Department, Abbott Nutrition, Granada, 18004, Spain
| | - Agnes Gruart
- Division of Neurosciences, Pablo de Olavide University, Seville, 41013, Spain
| | | | - Maria L. Jimenez
- Strategic R&D Department, Abbott Nutrition, Granada, 18004, Spain
| | - Rachael Buck
- Strategic R&D Department, Abbott Nutrition, Columbus, OH, United States of America
| | - Ricardo Rueda
- Strategic R&D Department, Abbott Nutrition, Granada, 18004, Spain
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12
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Good M, Sodhi CP, Yamaguchi Y, Jia H, Lu P, Fulton WB, Martin LY, Prindle T, Nino DF, Zhou Q, Ma C, Ozolek JA, Buck RH, Goehring KC, Hackam DJ. The human milk oligosaccharide 2'-fucosyllactose attenuates the severity of experimental necrotising enterocolitis by enhancing mesenteric perfusion in the neonatal intestine. Br J Nutr 2016; 116:1175-1187. [PMID: 27609061 PMCID: PMC5124125 DOI: 10.1017/s0007114516002944] [Citation(s) in RCA: 134] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Necrotising enterocolitis (NEC) is a common disease in premature infants characterised by intestinal ischaemia and necrosis. The only effective preventative strategy against NEC is the administration of breast milk, although the protective mechanisms remain unknown. We hypothesise that an abundant human milk oligosaccharide (HMO) in breast milk, 2'-fucosyllactose (2'FL), protects against NEC by enhancing intestinal mucosal blood flow, and we sought to determine the mechanisms underlying this protection. Administration of HMO-2'FL protected against NEC in neonatal wild-type mice, resulted in a decrease in pro-inflammatory markers and preserved the small intestinal mucosal architecture. These protective effects occurred via restoration of intestinal perfusion through up-regulation of the vasodilatory molecule endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS), as administration of HMO-2'FL to eNOS-deficient mice or to mice that received eNOS inhibitors did not protect against NEC, and by 16S analysis HMO-2'FL affected the microbiota of the neonatal mouse gut, although these changes do not seem to be the primary mechanism of protection. Induction of eNOS by HMO-2'FL was also observed in cultured endothelial cells, providing a link between eNOS and HMO in the endothelium. These data demonstrate that HMO-2'FL protects against NEC in part through maintaining mesenteric perfusion via increased eNOS expression, and suggest that the 2'FL found in human milk may be mediating some of the protective benefits of breast milk in the clinical setting against NEC.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Animals, Newborn
- Disease Models, Animal
- Enterocolitis, Necrotizing/physiopathology
- Enterocolitis, Necrotizing/prevention & control
- Female
- Gene Expression/drug effects
- Humans
- Infant, Newborn
- Infant, Premature, Diseases/physiopathology
- Intestinal Mucosa/blood supply
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Mice, Knockout
- Microbiota/drug effects
- Milk, Human/chemistry
- Nitric Oxide/analysis
- Nitric Oxide Synthase Type III/deficiency
- Nitric Oxide Synthase Type III/genetics
- Nitric Oxide Synthase Type III/physiology
- Splanchnic Circulation/drug effects
- Trisaccharides/administration & dosage
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Affiliation(s)
- Misty Good
- Divisions of Newborn Medicine, Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15224, USA
- Departments of Pediatrics, The University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15224, USA
| | - Chhinder P. Sodhi
- General Pediatric Surgery, Johns Hopkins University and Bloomberg Children's Center, Johns Hopkins Hospital, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA
- Department of Surgery, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA
| | - Yukihiro Yamaguchi
- General Pediatric Surgery, Johns Hopkins University and Bloomberg Children's Center, Johns Hopkins Hospital, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA
- Department of Surgery, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA
| | - Hongpeng Jia
- General Pediatric Surgery, Johns Hopkins University and Bloomberg Children's Center, Johns Hopkins Hospital, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA
- Department of Surgery, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA
| | - Peng Lu
- General Pediatric Surgery, Johns Hopkins University and Bloomberg Children's Center, Johns Hopkins Hospital, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA
- Department of Surgery, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA
| | - William B. Fulton
- General Pediatric Surgery, Johns Hopkins University and Bloomberg Children's Center, Johns Hopkins Hospital, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA
- Department of Surgery, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA
| | - Laura Y. Martin
- General Pediatric Surgery, Johns Hopkins University and Bloomberg Children's Center, Johns Hopkins Hospital, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA
- Department of Surgery, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA
| | - Thomas Prindle
- General Pediatric Surgery, Johns Hopkins University and Bloomberg Children's Center, Johns Hopkins Hospital, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA
- Department of Surgery, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA
| | - Diego F. Nino
- General Pediatric Surgery, Johns Hopkins University and Bloomberg Children's Center, Johns Hopkins Hospital, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA
- Department of Surgery, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA
| | - Qinjie Zhou
- General Pediatric Surgery, Johns Hopkins University and Bloomberg Children's Center, Johns Hopkins Hospital, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA
- Department of Surgery, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA
| | - Congrong Ma
- Divisions of Newborn Medicine, Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15224, USA
- Departments of Pediatrics, The University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15224, USA
| | - John A. Ozolek
- Pediatric Pathology, Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15224, USA
- Departments of Pathology, The University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15224, USA
| | | | | | - David J. Hackam
- General Pediatric Surgery, Johns Hopkins University and Bloomberg Children's Center, Johns Hopkins Hospital, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA
- Department of Surgery, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA
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13
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Goldman R, Sanda M. Targeted methods for quantitative analysis of protein glycosylation. Proteomics Clin Appl 2015; 9:17-32. [PMID: 25522218 PMCID: PMC5780646 DOI: 10.1002/prca.201400152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2014] [Revised: 11/15/2014] [Accepted: 12/11/2014] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Quantification of proteins by LC-MS/MS-MRM has become a standard method with broad projected clinical applicability. MRM quantification of protein modifications is, however, far less utilized, especially in the case of glycoproteins. This review summarizes current methods for quantitative analysis of protein glycosylation with a focus on MRM methods. We describe advantages of this quantitative approach, analytical parameters that need to be optimized to achieve reliable measurements, and point out the limitations. Differences between major classes of N- and O-glycopeptides are described and class-specific glycopeptide assays are demonstrated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Radoslav Goldman
- Department of Oncology, Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Washington, DC, USA
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular and Cellular Biology, Georgetown University, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Miloslav Sanda
- Department of Oncology, Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Washington, DC, USA
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14
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Effects of a human milk oligosaccharide, 2'-fucosyllactose, on hippocampal long-term potentiation and learning capabilities in rodents. J Nutr Biochem 2015; 26:455-65. [PMID: 25662731 DOI: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2014.11.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 111] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2014] [Revised: 11/24/2014] [Accepted: 11/25/2014] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Human milk oligosaccharides (HMOs) are unique with regard to their diversity, quantity and complexity, particularly in comparison to bovine milk oligosaccharides. HMOs are associated with functional development during early life, mainly related to immunity and intestinal health. Whether HMOs elicit a positive effect on cognitive capabilities of lactating infants remains an open question. This study evaluated the role of the most abundant HMO, 2'-fucosyllactose (2'-FL), in synaptic plasticity and learning capabilities in rodents. Mice and rats were prepared for the chronic recording of field excitatory postsynaptic potentials evoked at the hippocampal CA3-CA1 synapse. Following chronic oral administration of 2'-FL, both species showed improvements in input/output curves and in long-term potentiation (LTP) evoked experimentally in alert behaving animals. This effect on LTP was related to better performance of animals in various types of learning behavioral tests. Mice were tested for spatial learning, working memory and operant conditioning using the IntelliCage system, while rats were submitted to a fixed-ratio schedule in the Skinner box. In both cases, 2'-FL-treated animals performed significantly better than controls. In addition, chronic administration of 2'-FL increased the expression of different molecules involved in the storage of newly acquired memories, such as the postsynaptic density protein 95, phosphorylated calcium/calmodulin-dependent kinase II and brain-derived neurotrophic factor in cortical and subcortical structures. Taken together, the data show that dietary 2'-FL affects cognitive domains and improves learning and memory in rodents.
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15
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Ruhaak LR, Stroble C, Underwood MA, Lebrilla CB. Detection of milk oligosaccharides in plasma of infants. Anal Bioanal Chem 2014; 406:5775-84. [PMID: 25059723 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-014-8025-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2014] [Revised: 07/02/2014] [Accepted: 07/08/2014] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Human milk oligosaccharides (HMO) are one of the major components of human milk. HMO are non-digestible by the human gut, where they are known to play important functions as prebiotics and decoys for binding pathogens. Moreover, it has been proposed that HMO may provide sialic acids to the infant that are important in brain development, however this would require absorption of HMO into the bloodstream. HMO have consistently been found in the urine of humans and other mammals, suggesting systemic absorption. Here, we present a procedure for the profiling of milk oligosaccharides (MO) in plasma samples obtained from 13 term infants hospitalized for surgery for congenital heart disease. The method comprises protein denaturation, oligosaccharide reduction, and porous graphitized carbon solid phase extraction for purification followed by analysis using nHPLC-PGC-chip-TOF-MS. Approximately 15 free MO were typically observed in the plasma of human infants, including LNT, LDFP, LNFT, 3'SL, 6'SL, 3'SLN, and 6'SLN, of which the presence was confirmed using fragmentation studies. A novel third isomer of SLN, not found in human or bovine milk was also consistently detected. Differences in the free MO profiles were observed between infants that were totally formula-fed and infants that received at least some part breast milk. Our results indicate that free MO similar in structure to those found in human milk and urine are present in the blood of infants. The method and results presented here will facilitate further research toward the possible roles of free MO in the development of the infant.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Renee Ruhaak
- Department of Chemistry, University of California Davis, One Shields Avenue, Davis, CA, 95616, USA,
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16
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Hong Q, Ruhaak LR, Totten SM, Smilowitz JT, German JB, Lebrilla CB. Label-free absolute quantitation of oligosaccharides using multiple reaction monitoring. Anal Chem 2014; 86:2640-7. [PMID: 24502421 PMCID: PMC3983013 DOI: 10.1021/ac404006z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
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An absolute quantitation method for
measuring free human milk oligosaccharides
(HMOs) in milk samples was developed using multiple reaction monitoring
(MRM). To obtain the best sensitivity, the instrument conditions were
optimized to reduce the source and postsource fragmentation prior
to the quadrupole transmission. Fragmentation spectra of HMOs using
collision-induced dissociation were studied to obtain the best characteristic
fragments. At least two MRM transitions were used to quantify and
identify each structure in the same run. The fragment ions corresponded
to the production of singly charged mono-, di-, and trisaccharide
fragments. The sensitivity and accuracy of the quantitation using
MRM were determined, with the detection limit in the femtomole level
and the calibration range spanning over 5 orders of magnitude. Seven
commercial HMO standards were used to create calibration curves and
were used to determine a universal response for all HMOs. The universal
response factor was used to estimate absolute amounts of other structures
and the total oligosaccharide content in milk. The quantitation method
was applied to 20 human milk samples to determine the variations in
HMO concentrations from women classified as secretors and nonsecretors,
a phenotype that can be identified by the concentration of 2′-fucosylation
in their milk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiuting Hong
- Department of Chemistry, University of California , One Shields Avenue, Davis, California 95616, United States
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