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Adamou P, Harkou E, Villa A, Constantinou A, Dimitratos N. Ultrasonic reactor set-ups and applications: A review. ULTRASONICS SONOCHEMISTRY 2024; 107:106925. [PMID: 38810367 PMCID: PMC11157283 DOI: 10.1016/j.ultsonch.2024.106925] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2024] [Revised: 05/01/2024] [Accepted: 05/22/2024] [Indexed: 05/31/2024]
Abstract
Sonochemistry contributes to green science as it uses less hazardous solvents and methods to carry out a reaction. In this review, different reactor designs are discussed in detail providing the necessary knowledge for implementing various processes. The main characteristics of ultrasonic batch systems are their low cost and enhanced mixing; however, they still have immense drawbacks such as their scalability. Continuous flow reactors offer enhanced production yields as the limited cognition which governs the design of these sonoreactors, renders them unusable in industry. In addition, microstructured sonoreactors show improved heat and mass transfer phenomena due to their small size but suffer though from clogging. The optimisation of various conditions of regulations, such as temperature, frequency of ultrasound, intensity of irradiation, sonication time, pressure amplitude and reactor design, it is also discussed to maximise the production rates and yields of reactions taking place in sonoreactors. The optimisation of operating parameters and the selection of the reactor system must be considered to each application's requirements. A plethora of different applications that ultrasound waves can be implemented are in the biochemical and petrochemical engineering, the chemical synthesis of materials, the crystallisation of organic and inorganic substances, the wastewater treatment, the extraction processes and in medicine. Sonochemistry must overcome challenges that consider the scalability of processes and its embodiment into commercial applications, through extensive studies for understanding the designs and the development of computational tools to implement timesaving and efficient theoretical studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Panayiota Adamou
- Department of Chemical Engineering Cyprus University of Technology, 57 Corner of Athinon and Anexartisias, 3036 Limassol, Cyprus
| | - Eleana Harkou
- Department of Chemical Engineering Cyprus University of Technology, 57 Corner of Athinon and Anexartisias, 3036 Limassol, Cyprus
| | - Alberto Villa
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Universitá degli Studi di Milano, via Golgi, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Achilleas Constantinou
- Department of Chemical Engineering Cyprus University of Technology, 57 Corner of Athinon and Anexartisias, 3036 Limassol, Cyprus.
| | - Nikolaos Dimitratos
- Department of Industrial Chemistry "Toso Montanari", University of Bologna, viale Risorgimento 4, 40136 Bologna, Italy; Center for Chemical Catalysis - C3, University of Bologna, viale Risorgimento 4, 40136 Bologna, Italy.
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2
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Noronha IFPC, Pinheiro FC, Nascentes CC. A new ultrasound-assisted microextraction for elemental impurities determination in tablets by ICP-MS according to USP chapters 232 and 233. Talanta 2024; 271:125604. [PMID: 38219318 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2023.125604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2023] [Revised: 12/02/2023] [Accepted: 12/26/2023] [Indexed: 01/16/2024]
Abstract
Along with the United States Pharmacopeia (USP) chapters 232 and 233 regarding elemental impurities in pharmaceutical products, new challenges have been imposed in terms of sample preparation procedures prior to inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry analysis, considering the matrix complexities. As so, a new microextraction procedure assisted by ultrasound using a cup-horn sonoreactor, minimal reactants, and sample was proposed and validated according to USP. The procedure was optimized with samples of milled tablets and 3 different acid mixtures (HNO3, 3HNO3:1HCl, and 9HNO3:1HF) and it was compared with microwave-assisted acid digestion. In the validation step, recoveries ranging from 85 to 120 % and RSD below 10 % were obtained for 22 analytes (except Ag and Pt) with satisfactory linearity and good sensitivity. The method was then applied for 37 samples of antidepressants, which presented trace levels of As, Ba, Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Ni, Pb, Pd, Sn, and V.
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Affiliation(s)
- Igor Forattini Prates C Noronha
- Department of Chemistry, ICEX, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Av. Presidente Antônio Carlos, 6627, 31270-901, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Fernanda C Pinheiro
- Department of Chemistry, ICEX, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Av. Presidente Antônio Carlos, 6627, 31270-901, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Clésia C Nascentes
- Department of Chemistry, ICEX, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Av. Presidente Antônio Carlos, 6627, 31270-901, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil.
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Dehghani MH, Karri RR, Koduru JR, Manickam S, Tyagi I, Mubarak NM, Suhas. Recent trends in the applications of sonochemical reactors as an advanced oxidation process for the remediation of microbial hazards associated with water and wastewater: A critical review. ULTRASONICS SONOCHEMISTRY 2023; 94:106302. [PMID: 36736130 PMCID: PMC10040970 DOI: 10.1016/j.ultsonch.2023.106302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2022] [Revised: 12/30/2022] [Accepted: 01/15/2023] [Indexed: 11/27/2023]
Abstract
Water is one of the major sources that spread human diseases through contamination with bacteria and other pathogenic microorganisms. This review focuses on microbial hazards as they are often present in water and wastewater and cause various human diseases. Among the currently used disinfection methods, sonochemical reactors (SCRs) that produce free radicals combined with advanced oxidation processes (AOPs) have received significant attention from the scientific community. Also, this review discussed various types of cavitation reactors, such as acoustic cavitation reactors (ACRs) utilizing ultrasonic energy (UE), which had been widely employed, involving AOPs for treating contaminated waters. Besides ACRs, hydrodynamic cavitation reactors (HCRs) also effectively destroy and deactivate microorganisms to varying degrees. Cavitation is the fundamental phenomenon responsible for initiating many sonochemical reactions in liquids. Bacterial degradation occurs mainly due to the thinning of microbial membranes, local warming, and the generation of free radicals due to cavitation. Over the years, although extensive investigations have focused on the antimicrobial effects of UE (ultrasonic energy), the primary mechanism underlying the cavitation effects in the disinfection process, inactivation of microbes, and chemical reactions involved are still poorly understood. Therefore, studies under different conditions often lead to inconsistent results. This review investigates and compares other mechanisms and performances from greener and environmentally friendly sonochemical techniques to the remediation of microbial hazards associated with water and wastewater. Finally, the energy aspects, challenges, and recommendations for future perspectives have been provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Hadi Dehghani
- Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Institute for Environmental Research, Center for Solid Waste Research, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Rama Rao Karri
- Petroleum and Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Brunei, Bandar Seri Begawan BE1410, Brunei Darussalam
| | - Janardhan Reddy Koduru
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Kwangwoon University, Seoul, 01897, Republic of Korea
| | - Sivakumar Manickam
- Petroleum and Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Brunei, Bandar Seri Begawan BE1410, Brunei Darussalam
| | - Inderjeet Tyagi
- Centre for DNA Taxonomy, Molecular Systematics Division, Zoological Survey of India, M-Block, New Alipore, Kolkata 700053, West Bengal, India
| | - Nabisab Mujawar Mubarak
- Petroleum and Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Brunei, Bandar Seri Begawan BE1410, Brunei Darussalam
| | - Suhas
- Department of Chemistry, Gurukula Kangri, Haridwar 249404, India
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4
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(Re) thinking Towards a Sustainable Analytical Chemistry: Part I: Inorganic Elemental Sample Treatment, Part II: Alternative Solvents and Extraction Techniques. Trends Analyt Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.trac.2022.116596] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Meroni D, Djellabi R, Ashokkumar M, Bianchi CL, Boffito DC. Sonoprocessing: From Concepts to Large-Scale Reactors. Chem Rev 2021; 122:3219-3258. [PMID: 34818504 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.1c00438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Intensification of ultrasonic processes for diversified applications, including environmental remediation, extractions, food processes, and synthesis of materials, has received attention from the scientific community and industry. The mechanistic pathways involved in intensification of ultrasonic processes that include the ultrasonic generation of cavitation bubbles, radical formation upon their collapse, and the possibility of fine-tuning operating parameters for specific applications are all well documented in the literature. However, the scale-up of ultrasonic processes with large-scale sonochemical reactors for industrial applications remains a challenge. In this context, this review provides a complete overview of the current understanding of the role of operating parameters and reactor configuration on the sonochemical processes. Experimental and theoretical techniques to characterize the intensity and distribution of cavitation activity within sonoreactors are compared. Classes of laboratory and large-scale sonoreactors are reviewed, highlighting recent advances in batch and flow-through reactors. Finally, examples of large-scale sonoprocessing applications have been reviewed, discussing the major scale-up and sustainability challenges.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Meroni
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Golgi 19, 20133 Milano, Italy
| | - Ridha Djellabi
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Golgi 19, 20133 Milano, Italy
| | | | - Claudia L Bianchi
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Golgi 19, 20133 Milano, Italy
| | - Daria C Boffito
- Département de Génie Chimique, C.P. 6079, Polytechnique Montréal, Montréal H3C 3A7, Canada.,Canada Research Chair in Intensified Mechanochemical Processes for Sustainable Biomass Conversion, Department of Chemical Engineering, Polytechnique Montréal, C.P. 6079, Succ. CV, H3C 3A7 Montréal, Québec Canada
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Carretero-Peña S, Palomo-Marín MR, Calvo-Blázquez L, Pinilla-Gil E. Optimization and validation test of a sonoreactor-assisted methodology for fast and miniaturized extraction of trace elements from soils. Talanta 2021; 221:121440. [PMID: 33076066 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2020.121440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2020] [Revised: 07/15/2020] [Accepted: 07/19/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
We have proven the overall applicability of the novel sonoreactor VialTweeter as a tool for a fast, miniaturized and economical extraction of trace elements, namely Cu, Zn, As, Cd, Pb, from soil samples, followed by ICP-MS. The proposed analytical approach applicable in the context of environmental monitoring of elemental soil pollutants, since the selected analytes are relevant pollutants whose presence in soils produces significant effects on their quality affecting animals, plants and humans. The optimum conditions for the extraction of trace metals assisted by the sonoreactor, selected by a Box-Behnken (BBD) experiment design along combined with a response surface methodology were 93% sonication amplitude, 450 s sonication time, 80% HNO3 and a solvent/sample ratio of 0.18 mL/mg. The proposed sonoreactor-assisted extraction methodology provides several advantages of respect to the standard acid digestion taken as comparison term for validation, including a shorter pretreatment time and use of less sample and reagents amounts. However, mixed validation results against the standard acid digestion (taken as a model providing accurate results) were obtained depending on the analyte, with the best results in the case of cadmium that could be measured after US extraction without systematic error respect to the standard acid digestion. Copper and lead can be determined by the proposed US extraction plus ICP-MS only after applying a correction factor based on the slope of the correlation with the standard acid digestion. US treatment for As determination can be only useable by applying a constant correction factor based on the intercept of the correlation line, whereas Zn determination requires a correction based both in the slope and intercept of the correlation line.
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Affiliation(s)
- Selena Carretero-Peña
- Department of Analytical Chemistry and IACYS, University of Extremadura, Av. De Elvas, s/n, 06006, Badajoz, Spain
| | - M R Palomo-Marín
- Consorcio Gestión Medioambiental Promedio, Diputación de Badajoz, Av. De Pardaleras, 64, 06003, Badajoz, Spain
| | - Lorenzo Calvo-Blázquez
- Department of Analytical Chemistry and IACYS, University of Extremadura, Av. De Elvas, s/n, 06006, Badajoz, Spain
| | - Eduardo Pinilla-Gil
- Department of Analytical Chemistry and IACYS, University of Extremadura, Av. De Elvas, s/n, 06006, Badajoz, Spain.
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de Jesus JR, Arruda MAZ. A feasible strategy based on high ultrasound frequency and mass spectrometry for discriminating individuals diagnosed with bipolar disorder and schizophrenia through ionomic profile. RAPID COMMUNICATIONS IN MASS SPECTROMETRY : RCM 2020; 34 Suppl 3:e8798. [PMID: 32246870 DOI: 10.1002/rcm.8798] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2019] [Revised: 02/05/2020] [Accepted: 03/26/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
RATIONALE A viable and accurate method based on high-power ultrasound-assisted microextraction and inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry was developed to determine metals in human serum from patients with bipolar disorder and schizophrenia. METHODS A simple and rapid sample preparation method using a cup-horn sonoreactor was developed. The acid concentration of HNO3 (10, 20, and 40% v/v) and HCl (1, 5, 15, and 30% v/v) of the extraction solution, the sonication time (1, 3, 6, and 10 min), and the sonication amplitude (20, 40, 60, and 80%) were evaluated. Cd, Cu, Fe, Li, Pb, and Zn were determined in serum samples from patients with bipolar disorder and schizophrenia, and from healthy controls. Quantitative metal recoveries using the proposed method were compared under the same conditions using an ultrasonic bath, magnetic stirring, and microwave-assisted digestion. RESULTS Optimum extraction conditions were obtained using HNO3 (40% v/v) + HCl (30% v/v) as the extraction solution with 3 min sonication time and 60% sonication amplitude. Significant differences were observed among the methods compared. On application of the sample preparation method based on high-power ultrasound-assisted microextraction coupled with inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry, Pb and Cd in all the studied samples were below the limit of detection of our method. Compared with healthy controls, the concentration of Cu, Li, Fe, and Zn was found to be significantly higher for the bipolar disorder group, while these metals and Li were found at a lower level for the group diagnosed with schizophrenia. CONCLUSIONS Principal component analysis showed a significant separation for the groups studied based on their ionomic profiles after the application of high-power ultrasound-assisted microextraction as a sample preparation strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jemmyson Romário de Jesus
- Spectrometry, Sample Preparation and Mechanization Group, GEPAM, Institute of Chemistry, University of Campinas, UNICAMP, Campinas, Brazil
- National Institute of Science and Technology for Bioanalytics, Campinas, Brazil
| | - Marco Aurélio Zezzi Arruda
- Spectrometry, Sample Preparation and Mechanization Group, GEPAM, Institute of Chemistry, University of Campinas, UNICAMP, Campinas, Brazil
- National Institute of Science and Technology for Bioanalytics, Campinas, Brazil
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Bezerra MA, Ferreira SLC, Novaes CG, dos Santos AMP, Valasques GS, da Mata Cerqueira UMF, dos Santos Alves JP. Simultaneous optimization of multiple responses and its application in Analytical Chemistry – A review. Talanta 2019; 194:941-959. [DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2018.10.088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2018] [Revised: 10/26/2018] [Accepted: 10/26/2018] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
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Qin LM, Yang XA, Leng D, Zhang WB. Dual-frequency ultrasound assisted-enzyme digestion coupled with atomic fluorescence spectrometry as a green and efficient tool for cadmium detection in rice flour samples. Talanta 2018; 188:308-315. [DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2018.06.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2018] [Revised: 05/23/2018] [Accepted: 06/01/2018] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
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Ferreira SL, Bezerra MA, Santos AS, dos Santos WN, Novaes CG, de Oliveira OM, Oliveira ML, Garcia RL. Atomic absorption spectrometry – A multi element technique. Trends Analyt Chem 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.trac.2017.12.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
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Duan H, Ma S, Han L, Huang G. A novel denoising method for laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy: Improved wavelet dual threshold function method and its application to quantitative modeling of Cu and Zn in Chinese animal manure composts. Microchem J 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.microc.2017.06.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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12
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Matong JM, Nyaba L, Nomngongo PN. Determination of As, Cr, Mo, Sb, Se and V in agricultural soil samples by inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry after simple and rapid solvent extraction using choline chloride-oxalic acid deep eutectic solvent. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2017; 135:152-157. [PMID: 27736674 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2016.09.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2016] [Revised: 09/02/2016] [Accepted: 09/29/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
A rapid, simple and green ultrasound-assisted extraction method using deep eutectic solvents (DES) for extraction of As, Cr, Mo, Sb, Se and V in soil samples, has been developed. Choline chloride-oxalic acid based DES was used as a solvent. The target analytes were subsequently quantified using inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometer (ICP OES). The parameters that affect the extraction of the target analytes was optimized using standard reference material of San Joaquin soil (SRM 2709a). In the optimization step, a two-level full factorial experimental design was used. The factors under investigation include extraction time, sample mass and acid concentration. Under optimized conditions, limits of detection (LOD) and limits of quantification (LOQ) ranged from 0.009 to 0.1 and 0.03-0.3µgg-1, respectively. The repeatability (n=20) estimated in terms of relative standard deviation (%RSD) ranged from 0.9% to 3.7%. The accuracy of the proposed method was carried out using SRM 2709a. The obtained and certified/ indicative values were statistically in good agreement at 95% confidence level. The proposed method applied for quantification of As, Cr, Mo, Sb, Se and V in real soil samples. For comparison, the analytes of interest were also determined using a conventional acid digestion method. According to the paired t-test, the analytical results were not significant differences at 95% confidence level. The method was found to be accurate, precise and environmentally friendly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph M Matong
- Department of Applied Chemistry, University of Johannesburg, Doornfontein Campus, P.O. Box 17011, Johannesburg 2028, South Africa
| | - Luthando Nyaba
- Department of Applied Chemistry, University of Johannesburg, Doornfontein Campus, P.O. Box 17011, Johannesburg 2028, South Africa
| | - Philiswa N Nomngongo
- Department of Applied Chemistry, University of Johannesburg, Doornfontein Campus, P.O. Box 17011, Johannesburg 2028, South Africa.
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Andrade DF, Pereira-Filho ER. Direct Determination of Contaminants and Major and Minor Nutrients in Solid Fertilizers Using Laser-Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy (LIBS). JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2016; 64:7890-7898. [PMID: 27676097 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.6b04028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Contaminants (Cd, Cr, and Pb) as well as minor (B, Cu, Mn, Na, and Zn) and major (Ca and Mg) elements were directly determined in solid fertilizer samples using laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS). Factorial designs were used to define the most appropriate LIBS parameters and pellet pressure on solid fertilizers. Emission lines for all of the analytes were collected and employed 12 signal normalization modes. The best results were obtained using a laser energy of 75 mJ, a spot size of 50 μm, a pressure of 10 t/in., and a delay of 2.0 μs. Good correlation was obtained between the calibration model's prediction using the proposed LIBS method and the reference values obtained with ICP-OES. The limits of detection (LOD) for the proposed method varied from 2 mg/kg (for Cd) to 1% (for Zn).
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel F Andrade
- Grupo de Análise Instrumental Aplicada (GAIA), Departamento de Quı́mica (DQ), Centro de Ciências Exatas e de Tecnologia (CCET), Universidade Federal de São Carlos (UFSCar) , P.O. Box 676, São Carlos, São Paulo State 13565-905, Brazil
| | - Edenir Rodrigues Pereira-Filho
- Grupo de Análise Instrumental Aplicada (GAIA), Departamento de Quı́mica (DQ), Centro de Ciências Exatas e de Tecnologia (CCET), Universidade Federal de São Carlos (UFSCar) , P.O. Box 676, São Carlos, São Paulo State 13565-905, Brazil
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A simple method for the multi-elemental analysis of organic fertilizer by slurry sampling and total reflection X-ray fluorescence. Talanta 2016; 147:485-92. [DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2015.10.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2015] [Revised: 10/01/2015] [Accepted: 10/04/2015] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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15
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Lima AF, Da Costa MC, Ferreira DC, Richter EM, Munoz RA. Fast ultrasound-assisted treatment of inorganic fertilizers for mercury determination by atomic absorption spectrometry and microwave-induced plasma spectrometry with the aid of the cold-vapor technique. Microchem J 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.microc.2014.07.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/07/2022]
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