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Lee J, Kim H, Kang TY. Classification algorithm using halftone features of counterfeit bills and CNN. J Forensic Sci 2021; 67:345-352. [PMID: 34418090 DOI: 10.1111/1556-4029.14867] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2021] [Revised: 08/05/2021] [Accepted: 08/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
With recent advancements in image processing and printing technology, home printers have improved in performance and grown more widespread. As such, they have been increasingly used in counterfeiting and forgery. Most counterfeit bills in Korea have been created using home scanners and printers. The identification of printer model is thus necessary to rapidly track down criminals and solve crimes. Household printers can be largely divided into inkjet and laser printers. These two types of printers print halftone textures instead of continuous images. This study proposed a technique of printer classification based on halftone textures that can be observed in printed documents. Since halftone textures are expressed as periodic lattices, the images were transformed via FFT, which is highly effective at expressing periodicity. ResNet, known for its superior gradient flow, was used for training. The experiment was conducted on 12 color laser jets and 2 inkjets. Scans of bills printed by each printer were used, and halftone texture analysis was performed on these images for printer model classification. Each image was cropped into several parts; one of the cropped parts was analyzed. The analysis showed that laser printers could be 100% distinguished from inkjet printers. An accuracy of 98.44% was achieved in make classification. When 50 cropped images were used instead of a single image, the technique achieved 100% accuracy in model classification. The proposed technique is non-destructive; it offers high accessibility and efficiency as it can be performed using a scanner alone, without requiring additional optical equipment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joong Lee
- Forensic Engineering Division, National Forensic Service, Wonju-si, South Korea
| | - HongSeok Kim
- Forensic Engineering Division, National Forensic Service, Wonju-si, South Korea
| | - Tae-Yi Kang
- Forensic Engineering Division, National Forensic Service, Wonju-si, South Korea
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2
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Lian Z, Yang R, Zhao L, Shi G, Liang L, Qin D, Zou J, Yin B. Analysis of volatile components in inkjet printouts by GC-MS: A classification method. Forensic Sci Int 2020; 318:110562. [PMID: 33168420 DOI: 10.1016/j.forsciint.2020.110562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2020] [Revised: 09/22/2020] [Accepted: 10/22/2020] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Considering the high use of inkjet printing in forgery cases, the classification of inkjet printing is particularly important in questioned document examination. In this work, a universal GC-MS method has been developed to analyze various ink components extracted from inkjet printouts. The results indicated that several components detected and identified across 195 inks could be used to distinguish printer manufacturers. A trend of decreasing solvent concentration over time was observed through the continuous monitoring of 7 samples. The results shown that this method is useful for forensic classification purposes, and can be useful regardless effects of storage environment, paper or printer. Furthermore, the application of this method in the analysis of counterfeit banknotes illustrated its feasibility and applicability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhe Lian
- School of Forensic Science, People's Public Security University of China, Beijing, China; Institute of Forensic Science, Ministry of Public Security, Beijing, 100038, China
| | - Ruiqin Yang
- School of Forensic Science, People's Public Security University of China, Beijing, China.
| | - Lingyi Zhao
- School of Forensic Science, People's Public Security University of China, Beijing, China
| | - Gaojun Shi
- Institute of Forensic Science, Ministry of Public Security, Beijing, 100038, China
| | - Luning Liang
- Institute of Forensic Science, Ministry of Public Security, Beijing, 100038, China
| | - Da Qin
- Institute of Forensic Science, Ministry of Public Security, Beijing, 100038, China
| | - Jixin Zou
- Institute of Forensic Science, Ministry of Public Security, Beijing, 100038, China
| | - Baohua Yin
- Institute of Forensic Science, Ministry of Public Security, Beijing, 100038, China
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3
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Direct non-invasive molecular analysis of packaging label to assist wine-bottle authentication. Microchem J 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.microc.2019.104564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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4
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Zhang F, Hong J, Xu W, Qu F. Straight nano-electrospray ionization and its coupling of mobility capillary electrophoresis to mass spectrometry. Talanta 2019; 206:120183. [PMID: 31514879 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2019.120183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2019] [Revised: 07/24/2019] [Accepted: 07/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Mobility capillary electrophoresis (MCE) was developed previously in our group, which has the capabilities of ion separation and biomolecule hydrodynamic radius analysis. The coupling of MCE with mass spectrometry (MS) would greatly improve complex sample identification capability as well as system detection sensitivity. In the present study, a simple and robust ionization source, named as straight nano-electrospray ionization (nanoESI) source was developed, which was applied to couple MCE with MS. A stainless-steel needle attached directly at the end of an MCE capillary was used as the nanoESI emitter, and the connection between this emitter to the liquid flow in the MCE separation channel was established through a liquid bridge. After optimization, this straight nanoESI source enhanced the ion signal intensity by ~10 times when compared with a commercial nanoESI source. The MCE-straight nanoESI-MS system was also characterized in terms of mixture separation and peptide hydrodynamic radius measurements. Compared to our previous work when a UV detector was used in a commercial Lumex CE system (model Capel 105 M, St. Petersburg, Russia), peptides with much lower concentrations could be analyzed (from ~1 mg/mL to ~20 μg/mL) in terms of radius measurement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fei Zhang
- School of Life Science, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Jie Hong
- School of Life Science, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Wei Xu
- School of Life Science, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, 100081, China.
| | - Feng Qu
- School of Life Science, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, 100081, China.
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5
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Forensic classification of black inkjet prints using Fourier transform near-infrared spectroscopy and Linear Discriminant Analysis. Forensic Sci Int 2019; 299:128-134. [DOI: 10.1016/j.forsciint.2019.03.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2018] [Revised: 03/21/2019] [Accepted: 03/25/2019] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
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6
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Gładysz M, Król M, Woźniakiewicz M, Kościelniak P. The increase of detection sensitivity of micellar electrokinetic capillary chromatography method of stamp pad inks components by applying a sample stacking mode for the purpose of questioned document examination. Talanta 2018; 184:287-295. [DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2018.02.091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2017] [Revised: 02/20/2018] [Accepted: 02/24/2018] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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7
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Moini M. Applications of liquid-based separation in conjunction with mass spectrometry to the analysis of forensic evidence. Electrophoresis 2018. [PMID: 29529344 DOI: 10.1002/elps.201700501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
In the past few years, there has been a significant effort by the forensic science community to develop new scientific techniques for the analysis of forensic evidence. Forensic chemists have been spearheaded to develop information-rich confirmatory technologies and techniques and apply them to a broad array of forensic challenges. The purpose of these confirmatory techniques is to provide alternatives to presumptive techniques that rely on data such as color changes, pattern matching, or retention time alone, which are prone to more false positives. To this end, the application of separation techniques in conjunction with mass spectrometry has played an important role in the analysis of forensic evidence. Moreover, in the past few years the role of liquid separation techniques, such as liquid chromatography and capillary electrophoresis in conjunction with mass spectrometry, has gained significant tractions and have been applied to a wide range of chemicals, from small molecules such as drugs and explosives, to large molecules such as proteins. For example, proteomics and peptidomics have been used for identification of humans, organs, and bodily fluids. A wide range of HPLC techniques including reversed phase, hydrophilic interaction, mixed-mode, supercritical fluid, multidimensional chromatography, and nanoLC, as well as several modes of capillary electrophoresis mass spectrometry, including capillary zone electrophoresis, partial filling, full filling, and micellar electrokenetic chromatography have been applied to the analysis drugs, explosives, and questioned documents. In this article, we review recent (2015-2017) applications of liquid separation in conjunction with mass spectrometry to the analysis of forensic evidence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehdi Moini
- Department of Forensic Sciences, George Washington University, Washington, D.C., USA
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Jiang Y, He MY, Zhang WJ, Luo P, Guo D, Fang X, Xu W. Recent advances of capillary electrophoresis-mass spectrometry instrumentation and methodology. CHINESE CHEM LETT 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cclet.2017.05.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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Włodarczyk E, Zarzycki PK. Chromatographic behavior of selected dyes on silica and cellulose micro-TLC plates: Potential application as target substances for extraction, chromatographic, and/or microfluidic systems. J LIQ CHROMATOGR R T 2017. [DOI: 10.1080/10826076.2017.1298028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Elżbieta Włodarczyk
- Department of Environmental Technologies and Bioanalytics, Faculty of Civil Engineering, Environmental, and Geodetic Sciences, Koszalin University of Technology, Koszalin, Poland
| | - Paweł K. Zarzycki
- Department of Environmental Technologies and Bioanalytics, Faculty of Civil Engineering, Environmental, and Geodetic Sciences, Koszalin University of Technology, Koszalin, Poland
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Týčová A, Ledvina V, Klepárník K. Recent advances in CE-MS coupling: Instrumentation, methodology, and applications. Electrophoresis 2016; 38:115-134. [DOI: 10.1002/elps.201600366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2016] [Revised: 08/30/2016] [Accepted: 08/30/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Anna Týčová
- Institute of Analytical Chemistry; Czech Academy of Sciences; Brno Czech Republic
| | - Vojtěch Ledvina
- Institute of Analytical Chemistry; Czech Academy of Sciences; Brno Czech Republic
| | - Karel Klepárník
- Institute of Analytical Chemistry; Czech Academy of Sciences; Brno Czech Republic
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11
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A microdestructive capillary electrophoresis method for the analysis of blue-pen-ink strokes on office paper. J Chromatogr A 2015; 1400:140-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2015.04.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2015] [Revised: 04/16/2015] [Accepted: 04/20/2015] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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12
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Affiliation(s)
- Anamaria Hosu
- Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Babes-Bolyai University, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Bianca Pop
- Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Babes-Bolyai University, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Claudia Cimpoiu
- Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Babes-Bolyai University, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
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Calcerrada M, García-Ruiz C. Analysis of questioned documents: a review. Anal Chim Acta 2014; 853:143-166. [PMID: 25467455 DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2014.10.057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2014] [Revised: 10/24/2014] [Accepted: 10/30/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
During the last years (2000-2014), many publications concerning the forensic analysis of questioned documents have been published, and new techniques and methodologies are nowadays employed to overcome forensic caseworks. This article reviews a comprehensive collection of the works focused on this issue, including dating studies, the analysis of inks from pens and printers, the analysis of paper, the analysis of other samples related to questioned documents and studies on intersecting lines. These sections highlight the most relevant analytical studies by a wide range of analytical techniques. Separation and spectrometric techniques are critically discussed and compared, emphasizing the advantages and disadvantages of each one. Finally, concluding remarks on the research published are included.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matías Calcerrada
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Physical Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Multipurpose Building of Chemistry, University of Alcalá, Ctra. Madrid-Barcelona km 33.600, 28871 Alcalá de Henares, Madrid, Spain
| | - Carmen García-Ruiz
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Physical Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Multipurpose Building of Chemistry, University of Alcalá, Ctra. Madrid-Barcelona km 33.600, 28871 Alcalá de Henares, Madrid, Spain.
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