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Simultaneous Determination of Human Serum Albumin and Low-Molecular-Weight Thiols after Derivatization with Monobromobimane. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26113321. [PMID: 34205933 PMCID: PMC8198679 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26113321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2021] [Revised: 05/20/2021] [Accepted: 05/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Biothiols are extremely powerful antioxidants that protect cells against the effects of oxidative stress. They are also considered relevant disease biomarkers, specifically risk factors for cardiovascular disease. In this paper, a new procedure for the simultaneous determination of human serum albumin and low-molecular-weight thiols in plasma is described. The method is based on the pre-column derivatization of analytes with a thiol-specific fluorescence labeling reagent, monobromobimane, followed by separation and quantification through reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography with fluorescence detection (excitation, 378 nm; emission, 492 nm). Prior to the derivatization step, the oxidized thiols are converted to their reduced forms by reductive cleavage with sodium borohydride. Linearity in the detector response for total thiols was observed in the following ranges: 1.76–30.0 mg mL−1 for human serum albumin, 0.29–5.0 nmol mL−1 for α-lipoic acid, 1.16–35 nmol mL−1 for glutathione, 9.83–450.0 nmol mL−1 for cysteine, 0.55–40.0 nmol mL−1 for homocysteine, 0.34–50.0 nmol mL−1 for N-acetyl-L-cysteine, and 1.45–45.0 nmol mL−1 for cysteinylglycine. Recovery values of 85.16–119.48% were recorded for all the analytes. The developed method is sensitive, repeatable, and linear within the expected ranges of total thiols. The devised procedure can be applied to plasma samples to monitor biochemical processes in various pathophysiological states.
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Papageorgiou S, Varvaresou A, Panderi I, Giannakou M, Spiliopoulou C, Athanaselis S. Development and validation of a reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatographic method for the quantitation and stability of α-lipoic acid in cosmetic creams. Int J Cosmet Sci 2020; 42:221-228. [PMID: 31985846 DOI: 10.1111/ics.12603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2019] [Accepted: 01/22/2020] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To develop and validate a simple reversed-phase HPLC method for the quantitation and evaluation of stability of α-lipoic acid in cosmetics, according to International Conference on Harmonization (ICH) Guidelines. METHODS The chromatography was performed on a reversed-phase Luna C18, analytical column (150 × 4.6 mm id, 5 μm particle size) with a mobile phase of potassium dihydrogen phosphate (pΗ 4.5; 0.05 M) and acetonitrile (60:40, v/v) and a flow rate of 1.0 mL min-1 with UV detection at 340 nm. Accelerated and long-term stability studies of α-lipoic acid in cosmetic cream were conducted under various degradation conditions including acid, basis, oxidation, and thermal and photolytic degradation, according to European Medicines Agency Guidelines CPMP/ICH/2736/99. RESULTS The limit of detection (LOD) for the cosmetic cream was 0.9 μg mL-1 and the limit of quantitation (LOQ) was 2.8 μg mL-1 , while the retention time was 7.2 min. The method proved to be linear, precise and accurate. The stability results demonstrated the selectivity of the proposed method to the analysis of α-LA, and the degradation products were determined and evaluated in specific stress conditions in cosmetic creams. The applicability of the method was tested in two different developed cosmetic products (cream with 1.5 % w/w and emulsion with 1.0 % w/w of LA) and proved to be reliable. CONCLUSION A reversed-phase HPLC-UV method was developed and fully validated for the analysis of α-lipoic acid in cosmetics. It is the first reported application on the quantitation of lipoic acid in cosmetic creams, while at the same time evaluates the stability in forced degradation conditions, in new cosmetic formulations. It proved to be suitable for the reliable quality control of cosmetic products, with a run time of <8 min that allows for the analysis of large number of samples per day.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Papageorgiou
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Welfare Sciences, Division of Aesthetics and Cosmetic Science, University of West Attica, Campus 1, Agiou Spyridonos, Egaleo, Athens, 12243, Greece
| | - A Varvaresou
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Welfare Sciences, Division of Aesthetics and Cosmetic Science, University of West Attica, Campus 1, Agiou Spyridonos, Egaleo, Athens, 12243, Greece
| | - I Panderi
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Analysis, Division of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Panepistimipolis - Zografou, Athens, 15771, Greece
| | - M Giannakou
- Department of Biology, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Panepistimipolis - Ilissia, Athens, 15701, Greece
| | - C Spiliopoulou
- Department of Forensic Medicine and Toxicology, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Mikras Asias 75, Athens, 11527, Greece
| | - S Athanaselis
- Department of Forensic Medicine and Toxicology, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Mikras Asias 75, Athens, 11527, Greece
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Turkowicz M, Jastrzebska I, Hryniewicka M, Kotowska U, Gudalewska D, Karpińska J. Investigation of lipoic acid - 4-methoxybenzyl alcohol reaction and evaluation of its analytical usefulness. Food Chem 2019; 309:125750. [PMID: 31704079 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2019.125750] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2019] [Revised: 09/10/2019] [Accepted: 10/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
The presented work is aimed to synthesize a new UV active derivative of α-lipoic acid (ALA) by its esterification with 4-methoxybenzyl alcohol (4-MBA, anise alcohol). The formation of ester was confirmed by 1HNMR, FTIR and UV spectroscopy. The analytical usefulness of the obtained compound for quantification of ALA in food items was examined using HPLC-UV and GC-MS systems. It was found that it is possible to assay ALA in the ester form in the concentration ranges: 5·10-6-1·10-4 mol L-1 by HPLC-UV and 1∙10-7-5∙10-5 mol L-1 by GC-MS techniques. The GC-MS procedure was applied for the determination of ALA in the food samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monika Turkowicz
- Institute of Chemistry, University of Białystok, ul. Ciołkowskiego 1K, 15-245 Białystok, Poland.
| | - Izabella Jastrzebska
- Institute of Chemistry, University of Białystok, ul. Ciołkowskiego 1K, 15-245 Białystok, Poland
| | - Marta Hryniewicka
- Institute of Chemistry, University of Białystok, ul. Ciołkowskiego 1K, 15-245 Białystok, Poland
| | - Urszula Kotowska
- Institute of Chemistry, University of Białystok, ul. Ciołkowskiego 1K, 15-245 Białystok, Poland
| | - Diana Gudalewska
- Institute of Chemistry, University of Białystok, ul. Ciołkowskiego 1K, 15-245 Białystok, Poland
| | - Joanna Karpińska
- Institute of Chemistry, University of Białystok, ul. Ciołkowskiego 1K, 15-245 Białystok, Poland
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Rocco A, Donati E, Touloupakis E, Aturki Z. Miniaturized separation techniques as analytical methods to ensure quality and safety of dietary supplements. Trends Analyt Chem 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.trac.2018.04.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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Ouyang J, An D, Chen T, Lin Z. Rapid detection of undesired cosmetic ingredients by matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry. EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF MASS SPECTROMETRY (CHICHESTER, ENGLAND) 2017; 23:280-286. [PMID: 29028383 DOI: 10.1177/1469066717712462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
In recent years, cosmetic industry profits soared due to the widespread use of cosmetics, which resulted in illicit manufacturers and products of poor quality. Therefore, the rapid and accurate detection of the composition of cosmetics has become crucial. At present, numerous methods, such as gas chromatography and liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry, were available for the analysis of cosmetic ingredients. However, these methods present several limitations, such as failure to perform comprehensive and rapid analysis of the samples. Compared with other techniques, matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry offered the advantages of wide detection range, fast speed and high accuracy. In this article, we briefly summarized how to select a suitable matrix and adjust the appropriate laser energy. We also discussed the rapid identification of undesired ingredients, focusing on antibiotics and hormones in cosmetics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Ouyang
- Department of Chemistry, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Dongli An
- Department of Chemistry, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Tengteng Chen
- Department of Chemistry, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Zhiwei Lin
- Department of Chemistry, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
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Odachowska A, Godlewska M, Turkowicz M, Mateuszczyk P, Iwanowicz M, Karpinska J. Studies on reaction of reduced lipoic acid with Mukaiyama reagent and its application for pharmaceutical and food analysis. J LIQ CHROMATOGR R T 2017. [DOI: 10.1080/10826076.2017.1293548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Monika Turkowicz
- Białystok Provincial Sanitary and Epidemiological Station, Department of Food Products, Food-Contact Articles and Nutrition Research, Bialystok, Poland
| | | | | | - Joanna Karpinska
- Faculty of Chemistry, University of Bialystok, Bialystok, Poland
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Zhong Z, Li G. Current trends in sample preparation for cosmetic analysis. J Sep Sci 2016; 40:152-169. [PMID: 27333942 DOI: 10.1002/jssc.201600367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2016] [Revised: 06/11/2016] [Accepted: 06/11/2016] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
The widespread applications of cosmetics in modern life make their analysis particularly important from a safety point of view. There is a wide variety of restricted ingredients and prohibited substances that primarily influence the safety of cosmetics. Sample preparation for cosmetic analysis is a crucial step as the complex matrices may seriously interfere with the determination of target analytes. In this review, some new developments (2010-2016) in sample preparation techniques for cosmetic analysis, including liquid-phase microextraction, solid-phase microextraction, matrix solid-phase dispersion, pressurized liquid extraction, cloud point extraction, ultrasound-assisted extraction, and microwave digestion, are presented. Furthermore, the research and progress in sample preparation techniques and their applications in the separation and purification of allowed ingredients and prohibited substances are reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhixiong Zhong
- Center for Disease Control and Prevention of Guangdong Province, Guangzhou, China
| | - Gongke Li
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
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Abstract
α-Lipoic acid (LA) is a unique antioxidant that is not only effective in affording protection against oxidative stress but also plays an essential role in metabolic processes of all living organisms. Therefore, the determination of LA and its metabolites content is crucial for understanding their physiological and pathophysiological functions. Most of the recently developed methods for the detection and determination of LA and its metabolites in various biological samples have focused on sample preparation procedures involving but not limited to sampling, extraction and storage. The main goal of this review is to summarize and critically evaluate the current state of the art of analytical procedures applied to the determination of LA and related compounds in biological samples.
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Godlewska M, Odachowska A, Turkowicz M, Karpinska J. Analysis of Reaction between α-Lipoic Acid and 2-Chloro-1-methylquinolinium Tetrafluoroborate Used as a Precolumn Derivatization Technique in Chromatographic Determination of α-Lipoic Acid. JOURNAL OF ANALYTICAL METHODS IN CHEMISTRY 2015; 2015:535387. [PMID: 26504616 PMCID: PMC4609507 DOI: 10.1155/2015/535387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2014] [Revised: 01/05/2015] [Accepted: 01/20/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
The present study offers results of analysis concerning the course of reaction between reduced α-lipoic acid (LA) and 2-chloro-1-methylquinolinium tetrafluoroborate (CMQT). In water environments, the reaction between CMQT and hydrophilic thiols proceeds very rapidly and the resultant products are stable. For the described analysis, optimum reaction conditions, such as concentration of the reducing agent, environment pH, and concentration of the reagent were carefully selected. The spectrophotometric assay was carried out measuring absorbance at λ = 348 nm (i.e., the spectral band of the obtained reaction product). Furthermore, the calibration curve of lipoic acid was registered. It was concluded that the Lambert-Beer law was observed within the range 1-10 μmol L(-1). Later, the reaction between LA and CMQT was used as precolumn derivatization in a chromatographic determination of the lipoic acid in the range 2.5-50 μmol L(-1). Practical applicability of the designed methods was evaluated by determining lipoic acid in Revitanerv pharmaceutical preparation which contains 300 mg LA in a single capsule. The error of the determination did not exceed 0.5% in relation to the declared value.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magdalena Godlewska
- Faculty of Chemistry, University of Bialystok, Hurtowa 1, 15-399 Bialystok, Poland
| | - Angelika Odachowska
- Faculty of Chemistry, University of Bialystok, Hurtowa 1, 15-399 Bialystok, Poland
| | - Monika Turkowicz
- Białystok Provincial Sanitary and Epidemiological Station, Department of Food Products, Food-Contact Articles and Nutrition Research, Legionowa 8, 15-099 Bialystok, Poland
| | - Joanna Karpinska
- Faculty of Chemistry, University of Bialystok, Hurtowa 1, 15-399 Bialystok, Poland
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